DOCSLIB.ORG

Provincial Solvency and Federal Obligations Marc Joffe Foreword by Don Drummond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Provincial Solvency and Federal Obligations Marc Joffe Foreword by Don Drummond Provincial Solvency and Federal Obligations MARC JOFFE Foreword by Don Drummond A Macdonald-Laurier Institute Publication October 2012 True North in Canadian Public Policy Board of Directors Advisory Council CHAIR Purdy Crawford Rob Wildeboer Former CEO, Imasco, Counsel at Osler Hoskins Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Toronto Jim Dinning Former Treasurer of Alberta MANAGING DIRECTOR Brian Lee Crowley Don Drummond Former Clifford Clark Visiting Economist Economics Advisor to the TD Bank, Matthews Fellow in at Finance Canada Global Policy and Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the School of Policy Studies at Queen’s University SECRETARY Brian Flemming Lincoln Caylor International lawyer, writer and policy advisor Partner, Bennett Jones, Toronto Robert Fulford Former editor of Saturday Night magazine, columnist TREASURER with the National Post, Toronto Martin MacKinnon CFO, Black Bull Resources Inc., Halifax Calvin Helin Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver DIRECTORS Hon. Jim Peterson John Beck Former federal cabinet minister, Partner at Chairman and CEO, Aecon Construction Ltd., Fasken Martineau, Toronto Toronto Maurice B. Tobin Erin Chutter The Tobin Foundation, Washington DC President and CEO, Puget Ventures Inc., Vancouver Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Research Advisory Board CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp., Calgary Janet Ajzenstat Keith Gillam Professor Emeritus of Politics, McMaster University Former CEO of VanBot Construction Ltd., Toronto Brian Ferguson Wayne Gudbranson Professor, health care economics, University of Guelph CEO, Branham Group, Ottawa Jack Granatstein Stanley Hartt Historian and former head of the Canadian Chair, Macquarie Capital Markets Canada War Museum Les Kom Patrick James BMO Nesbitt Burns, Ottawa Professor, University of Southern California Peter John Nicholson Rainer Knopff Former President, Canadian Council of Academies, Professor of Politics, University of Calgary Ottawa Larry Martin Rick Peterson George Morris Centre, University of Guelph President, Peterson Capital, Vancouver Christopher Sands Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, Washington DC Past President, Professor, Cape Breton University, William Watson Sydney Associate Professor of Economics, McGill University For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca MLIStandardPages06-2012.indd 1 12-06-05 2:51 PM True North in Canadian Public Policy Board of Directors Advisory Council CHAIR Purdy Crawford Rob Wildeboer Former CEO, Imasco, Counsel at Osler Hoskins Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Toronto Jim Dinning Table of Contents Former Treasurer of Alberta MANAGING DIRECTOR Brian Lee Crowley Don Drummond Foreword .................................................................................................................. 4 Former Clifford Clark Visiting Economist Economics Advisor to the TD Bank, Matthews Fellow in Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 5 at Finance Canada Global Policy and Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 School of Policy Studies at Queen’s University Outstanding Debt By Province ............................................................................... 7 SECRETARY Brian Flemming Measuring Debt ................................................................................................ 7 Lincoln Caylor International lawyer, writer and policy advisor Direct and Indirect Debt ..................................................................................10 Partner, Bennett Jones, Toronto Robert Fulford Current Yields and Spreads on Provincial Debt .....................................................12 Former editor of Saturday Night magazine, columnist TREASURER with the National Post, Toronto Theoretical Interest Rates in the Absence of Federal Support ............................13 Martin MacKinnon Interest Rate Drivers ........................................................................................14 CFO, Black Bull Resources Inc., Halifax Calvin Helin Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver Estimating Default Probabilities .....................................................................15 DIRECTORS Hon. Jim Peterson Default Probabilities Derived from a Model ....................................................15 John Beck Former federal cabinet minister, Partner at Loss Given Default ...........................................................................................21 Chairman and CEO, Aecon Construction Ltd., Fasken Martineau, Toronto Expected Loss ................................................................................................. 28 Toronto Maurice B. Tobin Risk Aversion Factor ....................................................................................... 29 Erin Chutter The Tobin Foundation, Washington DC Actual Versus Theoretical Interest Rates – Is There a Federal Subsidy? .......31 President and CEO, Puget Ventures Inc., Vancouver Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 34 Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Research Advisory Board CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp., Calgary Appendix A: More on Interest Rate Decomposition ........................................... 35 Janet Ajzenstat Appendix B : Evidence from Past Defaults and Fiscal Crises .............................. 37 Keith Gillam Professor Emeritus of Politics, McMaster University Former CEO of VanBot Construction Ltd., Toronto Alberta Default – 1935/1936 ............................................................................ 37 Brian Ferguson Other Provinces during the Great Depression ............................................... 39 Wayne Gudbranson Professor, health care economics, University of Guelph CEO, Branham Group, Ottawa Newfoundland Bailout – 1932 ..........................................................................41 Jack Granatstein Saskatchewan Fiscal Crisis – 1993 .................................................................. 42 Stanley Hartt Historian and former head of the Canadian Newfoundland and Labrador Fiscal Crises – Early 1990s and Early 2000s ... 43 Chair, Macquarie Capital Markets Canada War Museum Australia and New Zealand Interest Adjustments – 1931 and 1933 ................ 44 Les Kom Patrick James New South Wales (Australia) Default – 1931 ................................................... 45 BMO Nesbitt Burns, Ottawa Professor, University of Southern California Arkansas (US) Default – 1933.......................................................................... 46 Peter John Nicholson Rainer Knopff Canadian Municipal Defaults – 1930s ............................................................. 46 Former President, Canadian Council of Academies, Professor of Politics, University of Calgary Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 47 Ottawa Larry Martin Rick Peterson George Morris Centre, University of Guelph About the Author ................................................................................................... 48 President, Peterson Capital, Vancouver Christopher Sands Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, Washington DC Past President, Professor, Cape Breton University, William Watson Sydney Associate Professor of Economics, McGill University The author of this document has worked independently and is solely responsible for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca MLIStandardPages06-2012.indd 1 12-06-05 2:51 PM Foreword by Don Drummond The Macdonald-Laurier Institute publication “Provincial Solvency and Federal Obligations” by Marc Joffe provides a number of important lessons for Canadian fiscal policy authorities at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. The analysis suggests that the combination of future economic conditions, featuring more modest output increases than historically, and “status quo” policies, in particular the continuation of fairly rapid growth in health care spending, will put a number of provinces into debt positions that could lead to defaults. Interestingly, Alberta, despite its current net asset position, has the highest longer-term default probability. If credit rating agencies and markets share the perspectives from this report’s analysis, then in theory the provinces should be facing higher interest rate spreads over federal rates. The author surmises that the relatively low spreads observable vis-a-vis federal rates are due to the assumption that the federal government will bail out any defaulting provincial government, as was done on several occasions in the 1930s. The complex analysis leading to this conclusion leaves a lot of room for question. Perhaps the agencies and markets believe provinces will act more responsibly to correct soaring debt than implied by the report’s mechanical extrapolations. Perhaps they don’t accept the study’s definition of what debt burdens lead to high default risk. Nonetheless, the study does bring to our attention a number of very important issues that are highly relevant to current and future fiscal policy in Canada. As is being recognized now in Europe, the study points out the difficulty of operating an economic and monetary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conflicts-In-Federal-Systems-Mintz
    PUBLICATIONS SPP Research Paper Volume 12:14 April 2019 TWO DIFFERENT CONFLICTS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS: AN APPLICATION TO CANADA*† Jack M. Mintz SUMMARY Canadians are used to taking seriously the threat of separation when it comes to Quebec, but a more serious, less manageable form of conflict may eventually emerge in the federation between Western Canada and the rest of Canada. Where the Canadian government has been successful so far in managing the “conflict of taste” that has led to Quebec’s historic discomfort in the Canadian federation, because the federal government possesses the tools to address that challenge, it does not have the same tools to manage the “conflict of claim” that is creating increased dissatisfaction with Confederation in the West. The result is that Canada is a less stable federation than many observers realize. Interestingly, the future of its unity depends largely on whether the West is able to establish a lasting political alliance with Ontario even though that would mean Quebec no longer being critical for national coalitions. Conflicts of taste revolve around differences in political preferences between regions within a federation. While Quebec is animated by its different culture, history and language than the rest of Canada, which has created a conflict of taste, mechanisms have been put in place to help mitigate the friction, including: Provincial powers over key cultural institutions such as education and health, special fiscal and immigration arrangements for Quebec, guaranteed bilingualism in federal institutions and tax-collection powers unique to Quebec. Quebec’s ability to wield federal power through a Central Canadian alliance with Ontario has also helped partially alleviate the province’s discomfort within Confederation.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada and the Middle East Today: Electoral Politics and Foreign Policy
    CANADA AND THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY: ELECTORAL POLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY Donald Barry Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper came to power in 2006 with little experience in foreign affairs but with a well developed plan to transform his minority Conservative administration into a majority government replacing the Liberals as Canada’s “natural governing party.”1 Because his party’s core of Anglo-Protestant supporters was not large enough to achieve this goal, Harper appealed to non- traditional Conservatives, including Jews, on the basis of shared social values. His efforts were matched by those of Jewish leaders and the government of Israel to win the backing of the government and its followers in the face of declining domestic support for Israel and the rise of militant Islamic fundamentalism. These factors accelerated a change in Canada’s Middle East policy that began under Prime Minister Paul Martin, from a carefully balanced stance to one that overwhelm- ingly favors Israel. Harper’s “pro-Israel politics,” Michelle Collins observes, has “won the respect—and support—of a large segment of Canada’s organized Jewish community.”2 However, it has isolated Canada from significant shifts in Middle East diplomacy and marginalized its ability to play a constructive role in the region. Harper and the Jewish Vote When he became leader of the Canadian Alliance party, which merged with the Progressive Conservatives to form the Conservative Party of Canada in 2004, Tom Flanagan says that Harper realized “The traditional Conservative base of Anglophone Protestants [was] too narrow to win modern Canadian elections.”3 In a speech to the conservative organization Civitas, in 2003, Harper argued that the only way to achieve power was to focus not on the tired wish list of economic conservatives or “neo-cons,” as they’d become known, but on what he called “theo-cons”—those social conservatives who care passionately about hot-button issues that turn on family, crime, and defense.
    [Show full text]
  • The Governor Genera. and the Head of State Functions
    The Governor Genera. and the Head of State Functions THOMAS FRANCK* Lincoln, Nebraska In most, though by no means all democratic states,' the "Head o£ State" is a convenient legal and political fiction the purpose of which is to personify the complex political functions of govern- ment. What distinguishes the operations of this fiction in Canada is the fact that the functions of head of state are not discharged by any one person. Some, by legislative enactment, are vested in the Governor General. Others are delegated to the Governor General by the Crown. Still others are exercised by the Queen in person. A survey of these functions will reveal, however, that many more of the duties of the Canadian head of state are to-day dis- charged by the Governor General than are performed by the Queen. Indeed, it will reveal that some of the functions cannot be dis- charged by anyone else. It is essential that we become aware of this development in Canadian constitutional practice and take legal cognizance of the consequently increasing stature and importance of the Queen's representative in Canada. Formal Vesting of Head of State Functions in Constitutional Governments ofthe Commonnealth Reahns In most of the realms of the Commonwealth, the basic constitut- ional documents formally vest executive power in the Queen. Section 9 of the British North America Act, 1867,2 states: "The Executive Government and authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen", while section 17 establishes that "There shall be one Parliament for Canada, consist- ing of the Queen, an Upper House, styled the Senate, and the *Thomas Franck, B.A., LL.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Town Charter
    Taken from: Province of New Hampshire—Records of Council 1716 ( pages 690 & 691 ) Province of New Hampshire At a Council held at the Council chambers in Portsmouth March 14, 17151715----16161616 PRESENT: The Honorable George Vaughan, Esq., Lt. Governor; Richard Waldron, Samuel Penhallow, John Plaisted, Mark Hunking, John Wentworth, Esquires. Mr. Smith appeared at this Board on behalf of sundry inhabitants of Swampscott and presented a petition (against making Swampscott a town) as on file, bearing date, January 14, 1715-6*. Notwithstanding which petition and sundry other objections which have been made since ye first motions about making said Swampscott a town, it is In Council Ordered, that Swampscott Patent land be a township by the name of Stratham, and have full power to choose officers as other towns within this Province, and that the bounds of said town be according to the limits specified in a petition proffered to this board by Mr. Andrew Wiggin, the 13 th day of January last, except some families lying near to Greenland (viz.) John Hill, Thomas Leatherby, Enoch Barker, and Michael Hicks, which said some families shall belong to the Parish of Greenland: And that a meeting house be built on the King’s great road leading from Greenland to Exeter, within half a mile of the midway between ye bounds yet are next Exeter and the bounds that are next Greenland, as the road goes; and that they be obliged to have a learned orthodox minister to preach in said meeting house within one year from the date hereof. R. Waldron, Cleric Con.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Comparison of Non-Sovereign Island Territories: the Search for ‘True Equality’
    Island Studies Journal, 15(1), 2020, 43-66 A global comparison of non-sovereign island territories: the search for ‘true equality’ Malcom Ferdinand CNRS, Paris, France [email protected] Gert Oostindie KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] (corresponding author) Wouter Veenendaal KITLV, the Netherlands Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] Abstract: For a great majority of former colonies, the outcome of decolonization was independence. Yet scattered across the globe, remnants of former colonial empires are still non-sovereign as part of larger metropolitan states. There is little drive for independence in these territories, virtually all of which are small island nations, also known as sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs). Why do so many former colonial territories choose to remain non-sovereign? In this paper we attempt to answer this question by conducting a global comparative study of non-sovereign jurisdictions. We start off by analyzing their present economic, social and political conditions, after which we assess local levels of (dis)content with the contemporary political status, and their articulation in postcolonial politics. We find that levels of discontent and frustration covary with the particular demographic, socio- economic and historical-cultural conditions of individual territories. While significant independence movements can be observed in only two or three jurisdictions, in virtually all cases there is profound dissatisfaction and frustration with the contemporary non-sovereign arrangement and its outcomes. Instead of achieving independence, the territories’ real struggle nowadays is for obtaining ‘true equality’ with the metropolis, as well as recognition of their distinct cultural identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Choices in Reforming Public Service Employment an International Handbook
    Strategic Choices in Reforming Public Service Employment An International Handbook Edited by Carlo Dell’Aringa, Guiseppe Della Rocca and Berndt Keller dell'aringa/96590/crc 16/7/01 12:44 pm Page 1 Strategic Choices in Reforming Public Service Employment dell'aringa/96590/crc 16/7/01 12:44 pm Page 2 dell'aringa/96590/crc 16/7/01 12:44 pm Page 3 Strategic Choices in Reforming Public Service Employment An International Handbook Edited by Carlo Dell’Aringa Giuseppe Della Rocca and Berndt Keller dell'aringa/96590/crc 16/7/01 12:44 pm Page 4 Editorial matter and selection © Carlo Dell’Aringa, Giuseppe Della Rocca and Berndt Keller 2001 Chapters 1–9 © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHN A. MACDONALD the Indispensable Politician
    JOHN A. MACDONALD The Indispensable Politician by Alastair C.F. Gillespie With a Foreword by the Hon. Peter MacKay Board of Directors CHAIR Brian Flemming Rob Wildeboer International lawyer, writer, and policy advisor, Halifax Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Robert Fulford Vaughan Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, columnist VICE CHAIR with the National Post, Ottawa Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Wayne Gudbranson Past President and Professor, CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Cape Breton University, Sydney Stanley Hartt MANAGING DIRECTOR Counsel, Norton Rose Fulbright LLP, Toronto Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Calvin Helin SECRETARY Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver Lincoln Caylor Partner, Bennett Jones LLP, Toronto Peter John Nicholson Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, TREASURER Annapolis Royal Martin MacKinnon CFO, Black Bull Resources Inc., Halifax Hon. Jim Peterson Former federal cabinet minister, Counsel at Fasken DIRECTORS Martineau, Toronto Pierre Casgrain Director and Corporate Secretary of Casgrain Maurice B. Tobin & Company Limited, Montreal The Tobin Foundation, Washington DC Erin Chutter Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Corporation, Vancouver Research Advisory Board Laura Jones Janet Ajzenstat, Executive Vice-President of the Canadian Federation Professor Emeritus of Politics, McMaster University of Independent Business, Vancouver Brian Ferguson, Vaughn MacLellan Professor, Health Care Economics, University of Guelph DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Jack Granatstein, Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Advisory Council Patrick James, Dornsife Dean’s Professor, University of Southern John Beck California President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Inc., Toronto Rainer Knopff, Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Professor Emeritus of Politics, University of Calgary President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp., Calgary Larry Martin, Jim Dinning Prinicipal, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MOST RESPONSIBLE POLITICIAN: Who’S the MRP for Health Care in Canada? Shawn Whatley
    THE MOST RESPONSIBLE POLITICIAN: Who’s the MRP for Health Care in Canada? Shawn Whatley AUGUST 2019 A Macdonald-Laurier Institute Publication Board of Directors Richard Fadden Former National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister, CHAIR Ottawa Pierre Casgrain Brian Flemming Director and Corporate Secretary, International lawyer, writer, and policy advisor, Halifax Casgrain & Company Limited, Montreal Robert Fulford VICE-CHAIR Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, Laura Jones columnist with the National Post, Ottawa Executive Vice-President of the Canadian Federation Wayne Gudbranson of Independent Business, Vancouver CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa MANAGING DIRECTOR Calvin Helin Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver SECRETARY Peter John Nicholson Vaughn MacLellan Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Annapolis Royal TREASURER Hon. Jim Peterson Martin MacKinnon Former federal cabinet minister, Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Halifax Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto DIRECTORS Barry Sookman Blaine Favel Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Toronto CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, Saskatchewan Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Jayson Myers Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Chief Executive Officer, Sydney Jayson Myers Public Affairs Inc., Aberfoyle Rob Wildeboer Dan Nowlan Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Vaughan Financial, Toronto Vijay Sappani Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer,
    [Show full text]
  • The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang
    Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 9 Article 3 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2012 2012 The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices Haiting Zhang Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Haiting Zhang The Laws on the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions in China: Legal Norms and Practices, 9 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 249 (2012). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol9/iss2/3 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LAWS ON THE ETHNIC MINORITY AUTONOMous REGIONS IN CHINA: LEGAL NoRMS AND PRACTICES Haiting Zhang t I. Introduction... ............................ 249 II. Regulated Autonomous Powers of the Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions.................................. 251 A. Autonomous Legislation Powers ....................... 252 B. Special Personnel Arrangements ....................... 252 C. Other Autonomous Powers .......................... 253 III. Problems in the Operation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomous System: The Gap Between Law and Practice ................. 254 A. Local Governmental Nature of the Autonomous Agencies ... 254 B. The Tale of Regional Autonomy Regulations: Insufficient Exercise of the Autonomous Legislation Power ............ 255 C. Behind the Personnel Arrangement: Party Politics and the Ethnic Minority Regional Autonomy ................... 257 D. The Vulnerable Autonomy............................ 259 E. The Economic Gap and the Natural Resource Exploitation Issue .......................................... 260 IV. Seeking Legal Guarantees: Improving the Exercise of the Autonomous Powers..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Statehood of 'Collapsed' States in Public International
    Agenda Internacional Año XVIII, N° 29, 2011, pp. 121-174 ISSN 1027-6750 The statehood of ‘collapsed’ states in Public International Law Pablo Moscoso de la Cuba 1. Introduction Over the last few years the international community has been witnessing a phenomenon commonly referred to as ‘State failure’ or ‘State collapse’, which has featured the disintegration of governmental structures in association with grave and intense internal armed conflicts, to the point that the social organization of society what international law considers the government of the State, a legal condition for statehood – has almost, or in the case of Somalia totally, disappeared from the ground. Such a loss of effective control that the government exercises over the population and territory of the State – the other legal conditions for statehood – pose several complex international legal questions. First and foremost, from a formal perspective, the issue is raised of whether a State that looses one of its constitutive elements of statehood continues to be a State under International Law. Such a question may only be answered after considering the international legal conditions for statehood, as well as the way current international law has dealt with the creation, continuity and extinction of States. If entities suffering from State ‘failure’, ‘collapse’ or ‘disintegration’ and referred to as ‘failed’, ‘collapsed’ or ‘disintegrated’ States continue to be States in an international legal sense, then the juridical consequences that the lack of effective government create on their condition of States and their international legal personality have to be identified and analysed. Our point of departure will therefore be to analyze ‘State collapse’ and the ‘collapsed’ State from a formal, legal perspective, which will allow us to determine both whether 122 Pablo Moscoso de la Cuba the entities concerned continue to be States and the international legal consequences of such a phenomenon over the statehood of the concerned entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of States Activity
    Types of States Activity Unit 5 - Political Geography / AP Human Geography ​ Craig Gaslow - Westlake High School, Austin TX *Applicable to any AP Human Geography class Objective Students will learn about: 1. the dynamics of the Ukraine/Russia conflict 2. the size, shape, and population distributions of current states previously under Soviet rule 3. ethnic, religious, and linguistic distributions of former Soviet states 4. different types of states in the former Soviet Union - from multi-state nations to nation-states, from stateless nations to multi-ethnic states 5. the historical background of central Asian states Introduction Russia & Ukraine video ○ Show the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJAKCV8bw9E ​ ○ Have students Think/Pair/Share the following questions ​ ​ ■ What does the video say about the relationship between Ukraine and Russia? ■ How does the situation in Ukraine relate to concepts we’ve discussed in the AP Human Geography political unit like the Russian near abroad, MacKinder’s Heartland Theory, autonomous states, multi-state nations, multinational states, etc.? True Size Mapping Activity 1. In groups of 2-4, have students visit: https://thetruesize.com ​ 2. Have students choose 3 of the following states, type them into the top left search bar, and drag these countries over the United States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 3. Have students research the population size and population distributions of their 3 chosen countries (states), and compare these to the United States. 4. Share out these results as a class, and discuss any notable shapes (morphology): compact, large, elongated, perforated, fragmented, prorupted, microstate, exclave, enclave, landlocked.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concepts of Enclave and Exclave and Their Use
    www.ssoar.info The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region Rozhkov-Yuryevsky, Yuri Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Rozhkov-Yuryevsky, Y. (2013). The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region. Baltic Region, 2, 113-123. https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Free Digital Peer Publishing Licence This document is made available under a Free Digital Peer zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den DiPP-Lizenzen Publishing Licence. For more Information see: finden Sie hier: http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/service/dppl/ Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-351079 RESEARCH REPORTS This article focuses on the genesis of THE CONCEPTS and correlation between the related con- OF ENCLAVE cepts of enclave and exclave and the scope of their use in different sciences, fields of AND EXCLAVE knowledge, and everyday speech. The au- thor examines the circumstances of their AND THEIR USE emergence in the reference and professional IN THE POLITICAL literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the AND GEOGRAPHICAL world’s enclave territories as objects of po- CHARACTERISTIC litical geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international OF THE KALININGRAD enclave, overseas exclaves, internal en- claves of different levels) are extended and REGION introduced.
    [Show full text]