Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy

Torsten B. Moeller, MD Department of Radiology Caritas Hospital Dillingen, Germany

Emil Reif, MD Department of Radiology Caritas Hospital Dillingen, Germany

3rd edition

257 illustrations

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Important note: Medicine is an ever-chang- Data is available from the publisher. ing science undergoing continual develop- ment. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in Translated by John Grossman, Schrepkow, particular our knowledge of proper treat- Germany ment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers This book is an authorized translation of may rest assured that the authors, editors, the 3rd German edition published and DQGSXEOLVKHUVKDYHPDGHHYHU\H̥RUWWRHQ- copyrighted 2006 by Georg Thieme Verlag, sure that such references are in accordance Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German with the state of knowledge at the time of edition: Taschenatlas der Röntgenanatomie. production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applica- tions stated in the book. Every user is re- quested to examine carefully the manufac- WXUHUV·OHDÁHWVDFFRPSDQ\LQJHDFKGUXJDQG to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the con- traindications stated by the manufacturers GL̥HUIURPWKHVWDWHPHQWVPDGHLQWKHSUHV- ent book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccu- racies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product descrip- tion page.

Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprie- WDU\QDPHVHYHQWKRXJKVSHFLÀFUHIHUHQFHWR this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name with- © 2010 Georg Thieme Verlag, out designation as proprietary is not to be Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, construed as a representation by the pub- Germany lisher that it is in the public domain. http://www.thieme.de Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, This book, including all parts thereof, is le- New York, NY 10001, USA gally protected by copyright. Any use, ex- http://www.thieme.com ploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group without the publisher’s consent, is illegal Typesetting by primustype Hurler GmbH, and liable to prosecution. This applies in Notzingen particular to photostat reproduction, copy- Printed in China by Everbest Printing Co Ltd, ing, mimeographing, preparation of micro- Hong Kong ÀOPV DQG HOHFWURQLF GDWD SURFHVVLQJ DQG ISBN 978-3-13-784203-3 1 2 3 4 5 6 storage. For my American relatives, Bernie and Arlene, Bryan, Nancy, Rick and Bill, Shirley, Mike, Michael, Austin and Amanda, Audrey, Mike, Kristin and Katelyn, Claudia, Dale, Bryan and Jamie, Meghan and Jason VI Preface

Despite the availability of digital radiography for over a decade, the process RI REWDLQLQJ DQG HYDOXDWLQJ UDGLRJUDSKLF LPDJHV KDV QRW FKDQJHG VLJQLÀ- cantly, nor has the importance of having a good knowledge of the anatomic details seen in conventional radiographs. This book is a case in point. We were very pleased with the wide popularity of the previous editions, which has been an additional incentive to add new material. The structure of the third edition strictly follows that of Normal Findings in Radiology and Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning. Our intention in this is to present clearly and concisely each respective chapter of conven- tional diagnostic radiography, avoiding unnecessary repetition. At the same WLPHZHJLYHWKHUHDGHUWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRH[DPLQHGL̥HUHQWDVSHFWVRIWKH same material with the same degree of clarity, which may prove important on another occasion. We have employed a consistent style and the same radiographs to structure the material and make it more readily accessible for reading, learning, or reference purposes.

Torsten B. Moeller Emil Reif Table of Contents VII

Skeletal Imaging ...... 1 Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine...... 56 Oblique View of the Lumbar Spine.....58 Skull ...... 2 Anterior-Posterior View of Posterior-Anterior View of the Skull...... 3 the Pelvis...... 60 Lateral View of the Skull...... 4 Anterior-Posterior View of Towne View of the Posterior Skull ...... 6 the Pelvis in a Child ...... 62 Waters View of the Nasal Sinuses...... 8 Inlet View of the Pelvis ...... 64 Occipitofrontal View of the Guthmann View of the Pelvis ...... 66 Nasal Sinuses...... 10 Illiac Wing View of the Pelvis...... 68 Posterior-Anterior View of the Orbit...12 Obturator View of the Pelvis ...... 70 Rhese View of the Orbit ...... 14 Thirty-degree Anterior Oblique Maxilla...... 16 View of the Sacroiliac Joint...... 72 Ramus Mandible ...... 18 Anterior-Posterior View of the Clementschitsch View of Sacrum...... 74 the Mandible...... 20 Lateral View of the Sacrum ...... 76 Pantomogram of the Jaw and Anterior-Posterior View of the Facial Bones...... 22 Coccyx ...... 78 Lateral View of the Nose ...... 24 Lateral View of the Coccyx ...... 80 Zygomatic Arch...... 26 Base of the Skull...... 28 Upper Extremities ...... 82 Altschul View of the Petrous Ridge.....30 Osseous Hemithorax...... 82 Schüller View of the Petrous Bone...... 32 Anterior-Posterior View Stenvers View of the Petrous Bone.....34 of the Sternum...... 84 Mayer View of the Petrous Bone ...... 36 Lateral View of the Sternum...... 86 Lateral View of the Sella Turcica ...... 38 Stress View of Both Shoulders...... 88 Anterior-Posterior View of the Sella Anterior-Posterior View of the Turcica ...... 40 Clavicle...... 90 Oblique View of the Clavicle...... 92 Spine ...... 42 Acromioclavicular Joint ...... 94 Anterior-Posterior Full-length View Anterior-Posterior View of the of the Spine...... 42 Scapula ...... 96 Anterior-Posterior View of the Lateral View of the Scapula ...... 98 Cervical Spine ...... 44 Trans-scapular “Y” View of the Lateral View of the Cervical Spine ...... 46 Shoulder...... 100 Oblique View of the Cervical Spine ....48 Anterior-Posterior View of the Anterior-Posterior View of the Shoulder...... 102 Thoracic Spine...... 50 Anterior-Posterior Abduction Lateral View of the Thoracic Spine .....52 View of the Shoulder...... 104 Anterior-Posterior View of the Axial View of the Shoulder ...... 106 Lumbar Spine...... 54 Tangential View of the Shoulder...... 108 VIII Table of Contents

Transthoracic View of the Frik Tunnel View of the Knee ...... 166 Shoulder...... 110 Forty-five-degree Internal Rotation Anterior-Posterior View of View of the Knee...... 168 the Upper Arm ...... 112 Forty-five-degree External Rotation Lateral View of the Upper Arm ...... 114 View of the Knee ...... 170 Anterior-Posterior View of Thirty-, Sixty-, and Ninety-degree the Elbow...... 116 Views of the Patella...... 172 Lateral View of the Elbow...... 118 Anterior-Posterior View of the Axial View of the Elbow...... 120 Lower Leg...... 174 Oblique View of the Radius ...... 122 Lateral View of the Lower Leg...... 176 Anterior-Posterior View of the Anterior-Posterior View of the Forearm ...... 124 Ankle...... 178 Lateral View of the Forearm ...... 126 Lateral View of the Ankle...... 180 Anterior-Posterior View of Oblique View of the Ankle 1...... 182 the Hand ...... 128 Oblique View of the Ankle 2...... 184 Oblique View of the Hand ...... 130 Anterior-Posterior View of the Foot ..186 Anterior-Posterior View of Lateral View of the Foot ...... 188 the Wrist ...... 132 Lateral View of the Calcaneus ...... 190 Lateral View of the Wrist ...... 134 Tangential View of the Calcaneus.....192 Carpal Tunnel ...... 136 Hindfoot in a Standing Patient ...... 194 Scaphoid Views...... 138 Anterior-Posterior View of the Special View of the Pisiform ...... 140 Metatarsals ...... 196 Oblique View of the Metacarpals .....142 Oblique View of the Metatarsals ...... 198 Finger in Two Planes...... 144 Anterior-Posterior View of the Forefoot ...... 200 Lower Extremities ...... 146 Oblique View of the Forefoot ...... 202 Full-Length Anterior-Posterior Anterior-Posterior and Lateral Weight-bearing View of the Leg ...... 146 Views of the Great Toe ...... 204 Anterior-Posterior View of the Hip....148 Lauenstein View of the Hip ...... 150 Anatomy of Miscellaneous Tangential View of the Plain Films...... 207 Femoral Head (Schneider I) ...... 152 Tangential View of the Routine Radiographs...... 208 Femoral Head (Schneider II) ...... 154 Posterior-Anterior Chest Axial View of the Hip...... 156 Radiograph ...... 208 Anterior-Posterior View of Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph the Thigh...... 158 (Heart and Major Vessels)...... 210 Lateral View of the Thigh ...... 160 Lateral Chest ...... 212 Anterior-Posterior View of the Segments of the Lung...... 214 Knee...... 162 Anterior Oblique View of the Lateral View of the Knee ...... 164 Right Chest ...... 216 Table of Contens IX

Anterior Oblique View of the Left Arthrography...... 268 Chest...... 218 Posterior-Anterior Wrist Abdomen with the Patient Arthrogram...... 268 Standing...... 220 Lateral Wrist Arthrogram ...... 270 Abdomen with the Patient Supine....222 Anterior-Posterior Shoulder Arthrogram...... 272 Spot Images...... 224 Oblique Shoulder Arthrogram...... 274 Craniocaudal Mammogram...... 224 Knee Arthrogram ...... 276 Mediolateral Mammogram ...... 226 Ankle Arthrogram ...... 278 Anterior-Posterior Spot View of the Trachea ...... 228 Arteriography...... 280 Lateral Spot View of the Trachea ...... 230 Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase...... 280 Tomography ...... 232 Lateral Internal Carotid Anterior-Posterior Tomogram of the Arteriogram, Arterial Phase...... 282 Pulmonary Hilum ...... 232 Anterior-Posterior Internal Lateral Tomogram of the Right Carotid Arteriogram, Hilum of the Lung ...... 234 Venous Phase...... 284 Tomogram of the Sacroiliac Joint .....236 Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase...... 286 Contrast Studies...... 239 Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase...... 288 Gastrointestinal System ...... 240 Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Anterior-Posterior View of the Arterial Phase...... 290 Hypopharynx ...... 240 Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Lateral View of the Hypopharynx .....242 Arteriogram, Venous Phase...... 292 Esophagus...... 244 Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Esophagus and Stomach ...... 246 Venous Phase...... 294 Stomach...... 248 Anterior-Posterior Angiogram Stomach and Duodenum ...... 250 of the Cervical Vessels...... 296 Stomach and Small Bowel ...... 252 Anterior-Posterior Aortic Arch Small Bowel...... 254 Angiogram...... 298 Spot Film of the Ileocecal Region .....256 Pulmonary Arteriogram, Colon ...... 258 Arterial Phase...... 300 Rectum ...... 260 Anterior-Posterior Pulmonary Defecography...... 262 Arteriogram, Venous Phase...... 302 Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Arterial Intravenous Contrast Studies...... 264 Phase ...... 304 Intravenous Urogram ...... 264 Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Intravenous Cholecystochlol- Venous Phase...... 306 angiogram ...... 266 X Table of Contents

Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Special Studies ...... 339 Arterial Phase...... 308 Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Special Studies...... 340 Venous Phase...... 310 Anterior-Posterior Thoracic Renal Arteriogram, Arterial Phase ....312 Myelogram...... 340 Renal Arteriogram, Venous Phase ....314 Lateral Thoracic Myelogram ...... 342 Pelvic Aortic Angiogram...... 316 Anterior-Posterior Lumbar Lower Extremity Angiogram of Myelogram...... 344 the Thigh...... 318 Lateral Lumbar Myelogram...... 346 Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Oblique Lumbar Myelogram...... 348 Knee...... 320 Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase ....350 Lower Leg...... 322 Oblique Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Lower Extremity Angiogram of Channel Phase...... 352 the Ankle and Foot...... 324 Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Nodal Phase...... 354 Venography ...... 326 Anterior-Posterior Left Anterior-Posterior Superior Vena Bronchogram ...... 356 Cava Venogram...... 326 Lateral Left Bronchogram...... 358 Anterior-Posterior Inferior Vena Lateral Parotid Sialogram ...... 360 Cava Venogram...... 328 Anterior-Posterior Parotid Lateral Inferior Vena Cava Sialogram...... 362 Venogram ...... 330 Hysterosalpingogram...... 364 Upper Extremity Venogram of Galactogram ...... 366 the Axilla ...... 332 ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Upper Extremity Venogram of Cholangiopancreatography)...... 368 the Forearm ...... 334 Lower Extremity Venogram...... 336 Index...... 371 At a Glance XI

Skeletal Imaging: Skull

Skeletal Imaging: Spine

Skeletal Imaging: Upper Extremities

Skeletal Imaging: Lower Extremities

Anatomy of Miscellaneous Plain Films

Contrast Studies

Special Studies

1

Skeletal Imaging

Skull ...... 2 Spine...... 42 Upper Extremities ...... 82 Lower Extremities...... 146 2 Skull

Skull Posterior-Anterior View of the Skull 3

1

2

3

4

6 5

7 8 9 10 Posterior-Anterior View of the Skull

11 12

13 14 15 16 18 17 19 20 21 22

23

1 Sagittal suture 13 Condylar process of the mandible 2 Pacchionian granulations 14 Nasal septum and inferior nasal 3 Lambdoid suture bones 4 Frontal sinus 15 Maxillary sinus 5 Roof of the orbit 16 Mastoid process 6 Sphenoid 17 Occiput 7 Ethmoid sinus 18 Dens of the axis 8 Frontozygomatic suture 19 Maxilla 9 Petrous ridge 20 Mandibular canal 10 Innominate line 21 Angle of the mandible 11 Internal auditory canal 22 Mandible 12 Zygomatic arch 23 Mental protuberance 4 Skull

Lateral View of the Skull Lateral View of the Skull 5

1 2

4 3 5

6

7 8 9 10 12 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26

27

1 Outer table of the parietal bone 15 Zygomatic bone (lateral wall of 2 Diploe the orbit) 3 Inner table of the parietal bone 16 Clivus 4 Coronal suture 17 Ethmoid sinus 5 Groove of the middle meningeal 18 Petrous portion of the temporal artery bone 6 Frontal sinus 19 Maxillary sinus 7 Pituitary fossa 20 Opening of the external auditory 8 Greater wing of the sphenoid canal 9 Lambdoid suture 21 Coronoid process of the mandible 10 Cribriform plate 22 Foramen magnum 11 Anterior clinoid process 23 Zygomatic process 12 Posterior clinoid process 24 Hard palate 13 Nasal bone 25 Nasopharynx 14 Sphenoid sinus 26 Soft palate 27 Mandible 6 Skull

Towne View of the Posterior Skull Towne View of the Posterior Skull 7

1 Lambdoid suture 9 Semicircular canals 2 Occipital protuberances (external 10 Mastoid air cells and internal) 11 Internal auditory canal 3 Occipital bone 12 Posterior arch of the atlas 4 Sulcus of the transverse sinus 13 Jugular foramen 5 Occipital crest 14 Dens 6 Foramen magnum 15 Temporomandibular joint 7 Petrous bone 16 Condyle of the mandible 8 Arcuate eminence 8 Skull

Waters View of the Nasal Sinuses Waters View of the Nasal Sinuses 9

1 Frontal sinus 11 Maxillary sinus 2 Nasal bone 12 Alveolar recess of the maxilla 3 Anterior ethmoid sinus 13 Sphenoid sinus 4 Orbit 14 Foramen ovale 5 Nasal septum 15 Alveolar process of the maxilla 6 Greater wing of the sphenoid 16 Condyle of the mandible 7 Infraorbital foramen 17 Petrous ridge 8 Foramen rotundum 18 Tongue 9 Posterior ethmoid sinus 19 Mandible 10 Zygomatic bone 10 Skull

Occipitofrontal View of the Nasal Sinuses Occipitofrontal View of the Nasal Sinuses 11

1 Frontal sinus 9 Anterior ethmoid sinus 2 Roof of the orbit 10 Internal auditory canal 3 Crista galli 11 Nasal septum 4 Innominate line 12 Maxillary sinus 5 Sphenoid 13 Nasal cavity 6 Petrous ridge 14 Dens 7 Lateral wall of the orbit 15 Atlantoaxial joint 8 Zygomatic bone 12 Skull

Posterior-Anterior View of the Orbit Posterior-Anterior View of the Orbit 13

1 Frontal sinus 12 Frontal process of the zygomatic 2 Roof of the orbit bone 3 Sphenoid 13 Foramen rotundum 4 Orbit (gray background) 14 Floor of the orbit 5 Ethmoid sinus 15 Petrous ridge 6 Lateral wall of the orbit 16 Nasal septum 7 Lesser wing of the sphenoid 17 Zygomatic arch 8 Innominate line 18 Inferior turbinate 9 Orbital plate 19 Maxillary sinus 10 Greater wing of the sphenoid 20 Hard palate 11 6XSHULRURUELWDOÀVVXUH 14 Skull

Rhese View of the Orbit Rhese View of the Orbit 15

1 Frontal sinus 8 Lateral wall of the orbit 2 Roof of the orbit 9 6XSHULRURUELWDOÀVVXUH 3 Left lesser wing of the sphenoid 10 Sphenoid sinus 4 Right lesser wing of the sphenoid 11 Zygomatic arch 5 Sphenoid 12 Petrous portion of the temporal 6 Ethmoid sinus bone 7 Optic canal 13 Maxillary sinus 16 Skull

Maxilla Maxilla 17

1 Floor of the orbit 6 Anterior nasal spine 2 Nasal septum 7 Coronoid process 3 Base of the skull 8 Maxilla 4 Maxillary sinus 9 Ramus of the mandible 5 Lateral wall of the maxilla 10 Angle of the mandible 18 Skull

Ramus Mandible Ramus Mandible 19

1 Temporomandibular joint 7 Pulp cavity 2 Condyle of the mandible 8 Root canal 3 Coronoid process 9 Apical foramen of the tooth 4 Cortex of ramus of the mandible 10 Mental foramen 5 Mandibular foramen 11 Mandibular canal 6 Mental protuberance 12 Angle of the mandible 20 Skull

Clementschitsch View of the Mandible Clementschitsch View of the Mandible 21

1 Temporal bone 10 Molars 2 Temporomandibular joint 11 Mandibular canal 3 Condyle of the mandible 12 Premolars 4 Maxillary sinus 13 Canines 5 Nasal cavity 14 Incisors 6 Coronoid process 15 Mental foramen 7 Maxilla 16 Mental protuberance (trachea su- 8 Ramus of the mandible perimposed as radiolucent band) 9 Angle of the mandible 22 Skull Mental foramen Root of the tooth Incisor Canine Premolar Molar 23 24 25 26 27 28

Pantomogram of the Jaw and Facial Bones tooth Root canal Pulp cavity Dentin Enamel Mandibular canal bone Hyoid of the Apical foramen 19 20 21 22 16 17 18 Hard palate Hard maxilla Maxillary sinus Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygoid process of the mandible Angle of the tongue Shadow of the recess Alveolar 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Styloid process Soft palate of the mandible Condyle process Condylar Zygomatic arch process Coronoid Floor of the orbit cavity Nasal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pantomogram of the Jaw and Facial Bones 23 24 Skull

Lateral View of the Nose Lateral View of the Nose 25

1

2 3

4 5

6

7

8

1 Frontonasal suture 5 Nasal cartilage 2 Ethmoidal groove 6 Maxilla 3 Nasal bone 7 Vestibule of nose 4 Nasomaxillary suture 8 Anterior nasal spine 26 Skull

Zygomatic Arch Zygomatic Arch 27

1 2

3 4 5

6 7

1 Maxillary sinus 5 Temporozygomatic suture 2 Zygomatic recess (of the maxillary 6 Coronoid process (visualized end sinus) on) 3 Zygomatic arch 7 Zygomatic process of the temporal 4 Temporal fossa bone 28 Skull

Base of the Skull Base of the Skull 29

1 Nasal septum 11 Foramen spinosum 2 Zygomatic bone 12 Clivus 3 Posterior wall of maxillary sinus 13 Foramen lacerum 4 Maxillary sinus (with orbit, parti- 14 Condyle of the mandible ally superimposed) 15 Cochlea 5 Middle cranial fossa, greater wing 16 Internal auditory canal (anterior wall of middle cranial 17 Semicircular canals fossa) 18 Anterior arch of the atlas 6 Pterygopalatine fossa 19 Jugular foramen 7 Coronoid process 20 Mastoid air cells 8 Pterygoid fossa 21 Dens of the axis 9 Sphenoid sinus 22 Foramen magnum 10 Foramen ovale 23 Cervical spine 30 Skull

Altschul View of the Petrous Ridge Altschul View of the Petrous Ridge 31

1 Petrous ridge 10 Dorsum sellae 2 Arcuate eminence 11 Mastoid air cells 3 Internal auditory canal 12 Foramen magnum 4 Vestibule 13 Frontal sinus 5 Anterior semicircular canal 14 Condyle of the mandible 6 Lateral semicircular canal 15 Roof of the orbit 7 Antrum of the mastoid 16 Nasal septum and nasal cavities 8 Tympanic cavity 17 Maxillary sinus 9 Cochlea 18 Zygomatic arch 32 Skull

Schüller View of the Petrous Bone Schüller View of the Petrous Bone 33

1 Outer ear 11 Zygomatic process of the 2 Squamous air cells temporal bone 3 Angle of Citelli 12 Articular tubercle 4 Periantral air cells 13 Retrofacial air cells 5 Sulcus of the sigmoid sinus 14 Internal and external auditory 6 Anterior margin of the petrous canal bone 15 Apex of the petrous bone 7 Antrum of the mastoid 16 Air cells in the tip of the mastoid 8 Temporomandibular joint fossa process 9 Marginal air cells 17 Styloid process 10 Condyle of the mandible 34 Skull

Stenvers View of the Petrous Bone Stenvers View of the Petrous Bone 35

1 Sphenosquamous suture 9 Internal auditory canal 2 Internal occipital protuberance 10 Antrum 3 Internal occipital crest 11 6SKHQRSHWURVDOÀVVXUH 4 Subarcuate fossa 12 Vestibule 5 Arcuate eminence 13 Cochlea 6 Roof of the tympanic cavity 14 Lateral semicircular canal 7 Apex of the petrous pyramid 15 Tympanic cavity 8 Anterior semicircular canal 16 Condyle of the mandible 36 Skull

Mayer View of the Petrous Bone Mayer View of the Petrous Bone 37

1 Periantral air cells 7 Osseous labyrinth 2 Sigmoid sinus 8 Osseous sinus wall (posterior 3 Antrum margin of the petrous bone) 4 Retrosinus air cells 9 Zygomatic bone 5 Aperture of mastoid antrum 10 Apex of the mastoid 6 External auditory canal and tympa- 11 Condyle of the mandible nic cavity 12 Apex of the petrous bone 38 Skull

Lateral View of the Sella Turcica Lateral View of the Sella Turcica 39

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11

1 Floor of anterior cranial fossa and 6 Dorsum sellae roof of orbits 7 Pituitary fossa 2 Sphenoid 8 Sphenoid sinus 3 Anterior clinoid process 9 Clivus 4 Tuberculum sellae 10 Petrous ridge 5 Posterior clinoid process 11 Greater wing of the sphenoid 40 Skull

Anterior-Posterior View of the Sella Turcica Anterior-Posterior View of the Sella Turcica 41

2

1 Frontal sinuses 6 Orbital plate 2 Sphenoid 7 Nasal turbinates 3 Medial wall of orbit 8 Nasal septum 4 Ethmoid sinus 9 Medial wall of the maxillary sinus 5 3LWXLWDU\IRVVD ÁRRURIWKHVHOOD turcica) 42 Spine

Spine Anterior-Posterior Full-length View of the Spine Anterior-Posterior Full-length View of the Spine 43

7C

12 T

5L

1 Dens of the axis 8 Spinous process, L6 2 C7 9 Ilium 3 T2 10 Sacroiliac joint 4 Rib cage 11 Sacrum 5 T12 12 Hip 6 L1 13 Gonad shield 7 Pedicle, L3 44 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Cervical Spine Anterior-Posterior View of the Cervical Spine 45

1 Foramen magnum 10 Uncovertebral joint 2 Atlantoaxial joint 11 Overlapping articular processes 3 Dens of the axis 12 Uncinate process 4 Occipital bone 13 Pedicle 5 Transverse process 14 Transverse process 6 Vertebral arch 15 Intervertebral disk space 7 Lateral mass of C1 16 Transverse process of T1 8 Atlantoaxial joint 17 Radiolucent band of the trachea 9 6SLQRXVSURFHVV ELÀG 18 First rib 46 Spine

Lateral View of the cervical Spine Lateral View of the cervical Spine 47

1 Anterior arch of the atlas 11 Superior articular facet 2 Base of the skull 12 Inferior articular facet 3 Odontoid process 13 Superior vertebral end plate 4 Posterior arch of the atlas 14 Inferior vertebral end plate 5 Mandible 15 Intervertebral facet joint 6 Spinous process 16 Intervertebral disk space 7 Body of the axis 17 Lamina 8 Anterior superior margin of the 18 Articular pillar vertebra 19 Spinous process 9 Transverse process 20 Trachea 10 Anterior inferior margin of the vertebra 48 Spine

Oblique View of the Cervical Spine Oblique View of the Cervical Spine 49

1 Anterior arch 8 Superior articular process 2 Odontoid process 9 Transverse process 3 Atlas 10 Contralateral pedicle 4 Mandible 11 Pedicle 5 Body of C2 12 Intervertebral foramen 6 Facet joint 13 Spinous process 7 Inferior articular process 14 Ribs 50 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Thoracic Spine Anterior-Posterior View of the Thoracic Spine 51

1 7XEHUFOHRIÀUVWULE 9 Body of vertebra 2 Neck of the rib 10 Inferior vertebral end plate 3 First rib 11 Transverse process 4 Trachea 12 Pedicle 5 Clavicle 13 Spinous process 6 Head of the rib 14 Diaphragm 7 Paravertebral line 15 Inferior articular process 8 Superior vertebral end plate 16 Superior articular process 52 Spine

Lateral View of the Thoracic Spine Lateral View of the Thoracic Spine 53

1 Scapula 10 Inferior vertebral end plate 2 Anterior superior margin 11 Head of the rib 3 Posterior superior margin 12 Intervertebral disk space 4 Anterior inferior margin 13 Intervertebral foramen 5 Posterior inferior margin 14 Transverse process 6 Body of vertebra 15 Spinous process 7 Superior articular process 16 Diaphragm 8 Inferior articular process 17 Facet joint 9 Superior vertebral end plate 54 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Lumbar Spine Anterior-Posterior View of the Lumbar Spine 55

1 Body of vertebra 8 Inferior articular process 2 Superior vertebral end plate 9 Transverse process 3 Inferior vertebral end plate 10 Spinous process 4 Intervertebral disk space 11 Pedicle 5 Facet joint 12 Sacroiliac joint 6 Psoas 13 Sacrum 7 Superior articular process 14 Sacral foramina 56 Spine

Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine 57

1 Superior vertebral end plate 7 Superior articular process 2 Inferior vertebral end plate 8 Inferior articular process 3 Intervertebral foramen 9 Iliac crest 4 Spinous process 10 Promontory 5 Transverse process 11 Sacrum 6 Intervertebral disk space 58 Spine

Oblique View of the Lumbar Spine Oblique View of the Lumbar Spine 59

1

2

4 3

6 5 8 7 9 10 11 12

13

1 Body of vertebra 8 Contralateral transverse process 2 Intervertebral disk space 9 Pedicle 3 Ribs 10 Superior articular process 4 Interarticular part 11 Intervertebral foramen 5 Intervertebral disk space 12 Inferior articular process 6 Lamina 13 Spinous process 7 Ipsilateral transverse process 60 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis 61

1 Iliac crest 13 Posterior acetabular rim 2 Iliac wing 14 Coccyx 3 Sacrum 15 Greater trochanter 4 Sacroiliac joint 16 Superior pubic ramus 5 Posterior superior iliac spine 17 Femoral neck 6 Posterior inferior iliac spine 18 Acetabular teardrop 7 Anterior superior iliac spine 19 Pubic symphysis 8 Obturator internus 20 Obturator foramen 9 Acetabular convexity 21 Intertrochanteric crest (promontory) 22 Inferior pubic ramus 10 Urinary bladder 23 Ischial tuberosity 11 Spine of the ischium 24 Lesser trochanter 12 Fat stripe medial to the gluteus 25 Fat stripe medial to the iliopsoas minimus 26 Femur 62 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis in a Child Anterior-Posterior View of the Pelvis in a Child 63

1 Ilium 6 Hilgenreiner’s line (triradiate 2 Perkin’s line (vertical line from the cartilage line) roof of the acetabulum intersec- 7 Femoral epiphysis ting Hilgenreiner’s line) 8 Pubic bone 3 Acetabular convexity (promonto- 9 Ischium ry) 10 Shenton’s line (curved line 4 Angle of acetabular inclination formed by the superior curve of 5 Wiberg’s center-to-corner angle the obturator foramen and the (the angle between a vertical femoral neck) line drawn from the center of the 11 Femur epiphysis and a line drawn from the roof of the acetabulum to the center of the epiphysis) 64 Spine

Inlet View of the Pelvis Inlet View of the Pelvis 65

1 Iliac crest 9 Spine of the ischium 2 Iliac wing 10 Coccyx 3 Posterior superior iliac spine 11 Femoral head 4 Sacral ala 12 Superior pubic ramus 5 Posterior inferior iliac spine 13 Ischial tuberosity 6 Sacrum 14 Pubic symphysis 7 Anterior superior iliac spine 15 Inferior pubic ramus 8 Iliopubic line 66 Spine Guthmann View of the Pelvis 67

1 Promontory 10 Superior pubic ramus 2 Iliac crest 11 Pubic symphysis 3 Anterior superior iliac spine 12 Obturator foramen 4 Sacrum 13 Coccyx 5 Anterior inferior iliac spine 14 Inferior pubic ramus 6 Greater sciatic notch 15 Body of the ischium 7 Joint space of the hip 16 Ischial tuberosity 8 Femoral head 17 Femur 9 Spine of the ischium 68 Spine

Illiac Wing View of the Pelvis Illiac Wing View of the Pelvis 69

1 Iliac crest 10 Spine of the ischium 2 Sacroiliac joint 11 Femoral head 3 Iliac wing 12 Posterior acetabular rim 4 Sacrum 13 Greater trochanter 5 Anterior superior iliac spine 14 Pubic bone (anterior column) 6 Anterior inferior iliac spine 15 Ischium (posterior column) 7 Roof of the acetabulum 16 Obturator foramen 8 Floor of the acetabulum 9 Anterior acetabular rim 70 Spine

Obturator View of the Pelvis Obturator View of the Pelvis 71

1 Sacroiliac joint 8 Posterior acetabular rim 2 Roof of the acetabulum 9 Femoral neck 3 Iliopectineal line 10 Obturator foramen 4 Anterior acetabular rim 11 Ischium (posterior column) 5 $QWHULRUDFHWDEXODUÁRRU 12 Ischial tuberosity 6 Femoral head 13 Lesser trochanter 7 Pubic bone (anterior column) 14 Inferior pubic ramus 72 Spine Thirty-degree Anterior Oblique View of the Sacroiliac Joint 73

1 2 3 4 5

6

7 8

9

10

11

1 Pedicle of L5 7 Iliac wing 2 Transverse process of L5 8 Lateral part of the sacrum 3 Iliac wing 9 Ilium 4 Body of vertebra L5 10 Arcuate line 5 Sacroiliac joint 11 Roof of the acetabulum 6 Sacral foramen 74 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Sacrum Anterior-Posterior View of the Sacrum 75

1 Transverse process 12 Posterior inferior iliac spine 2 Iliac wing 13 Greater sciatic notch 3 Spinous process 14 Lateral sacral crest 4 L5 15 Cornu of the sacrum 5 Superior articular process 16 Sacral hiatus 6 Inferior articular process of L5 17 Cornu of the coccyx 7 Sacroiliac joint 18 Spine of the ischium 8 Sacral ala 19 Hip 9 Sacral foramina 20 Coccyx 10 Posterior superior iliac spine 21 Femoral head 11 Median sacral crest 22 Superior pubic ramus 76 Spine

Lateral View of the Sacrum Lateral View of the Sacrum 77

1 Iliac crest 8 Cornu of the sacrum 2 L5 9 Hip 3 Median sacral crest 10 Sacral canal 4 Promontory 11 Spine of the ischium 5 Sacrum 12 Lesser sciatic notch 6 Sacral canal 13 Coccyx 7 Greater sciatic notch 78 Spine

Anterior-Posterior View of the Coccyx Anterior-Posterior View of the Coccyx 79

1 Median sacral crest 6 Cornu of the coccyx 2 Sacral foramina 7 Transverse process 3 Sacral hiatus 8 Coccyx 4 Lateral sacral crest 9 Pubic symphysis 5 Cornu of the sacrum 10 Superior pubic ramus 80 Spine

Lateral View of the Coccyx Lateral View of the Coccyx 81

1 Iliac crest 7 Greater sciatic notch 2 Sacral canal 8 Lateral sacral crest 3 Median sacral crest 9 Rectal gas 4 Sacrum 10 Spine of the ischium 5 Cornu of the sacrum 11 Coccyx 6 Sacral canal 12 Ischium 82 Upper Extremities

Upper Extremities Osseous Hemithorax Osseous Hemithorax 83

1 Clavicle (distal end) 7 Costovertebral articulation 2 Acromion 8 Transverse process 3 Humeral head 9 Inferior angle of the scapula 4 Coracoid process 10 Neck of the rib 5 Head of the rib 11 Costal arch 6 Costotransverse joint 84 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Sternum Anterior-Posterior View of the Sternum 85

1 Clavicle 5 Manubrium of the sternum 2 Sternal notch 6 Sternal angle 3 Sternoclavicular joint 7 Body of the sternum 4 Costal notch 8 Xiphoid process 86 Upper Extremities Lateral View of the Sternum 87

1 Clavicles 4 Retrosternal space 2 Manubrium of the sternum 5 Body of the sternum 3 Sternal angle 6 Xiphoid process 88 Upper Extremities

Stress View of Both Shoulders Stress View of Both Shoulders 89 Medial margin of the scapula Medial margin clavicle Proximal margin of the scapula Lateral Humerus 13 14 15 16 Coracoid of the humerus tubercle Lesser of the humerus tubercle Greater Humeral head (articular surface)Glenoid fossa of the scapula Glenoid process 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cervical spine Superior angle of the scapula joint Acromioclavicular Acromion Spine of the scapula Clavicle 1 2 3 4 5 6 90 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Clavicle Anterior-Posterior View of the Clavicle 91 Spine of the scapula joint Costotransverse Glenoid fossa 9 10 11 Superior angle of the scapula Superior angle clavicle Proximal process Coracoid Humeral head 5 6 7 8 Conoid tubercle of the clavicle tubercle Conoid joint Acromioclavicular Acromion Clavicle 1 2 3 4 92 Upper Extremities Oblique View of the Clavicle 93 Coracoid process Coracoid of the humerus tubercle Greater Bicipital groove of the humerus tubercle Lesser Humeral head 6 7 8 9 10 Sternoclavicular joint Sternoclavicular Clavicle Acromion joint Acromioclavicular (manubrium) Sternum 1 2 3 4 5 94 Upper Extremities

Acromioclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint 95 Humeral head of the humerus tubercle Greater Bicipital groove of the humerus tubercle Lesser Glenoid fossa 6 7 8 9 10 Clavicle Acromion joint Acromioclavicular of the clavicle tubercle Conoid process Coracoid 1 2 3 4 5 96 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Scapula Anterior-Posterior View of the Scapula 97

1 2 3

4 7 5 6 8 9

11 10

12

1 Acromioclavicular joint 8 Articular surface 2 Clavicle 9 Lateral process (neck) of the 3 Acromion scapula 4 Coracoid process 10 Medial margin 5 Superior angle 11 Lateral margin 6 Spine of the scapula 12 Inferior angle 7 Humeral head 98 Upper Extremities

Lateral View of the Scapula Lateral View of the Scapula 99

1 Distal clavicle 7 Humeral head 2 Superior angle of the scapula 8 Ribs 3 Acromioclavicular joint 9 Lateral margin of the scapula 4 Coracoid process 10 Humeral shaft 5 Acromion 11 Inferior angle of the scapula 6 Spine of the scapula 100 Upper Extremities

Trans-scapular “Y” View of the Shoulder Trans-scapular “Y” View of the Shoulder 101

1 3 2

4 5 6

7 8

10

9

12 11

13 14

1 Superior angle of the scapula 8 Humeral head 2 Acromioclavicular joint 9 Rib 3 Clavicle 10 Glenoid fossa 4 Acromion 11 Costal surface of the scapula 5 Supraspinatus fossa 12 Posterior surface of the scapula 6 Spine of the scapula 13 Inferior angle of the scapula 7 Coracoid process 14 Humeral shaft 102 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Shoulder Anterior-Posterior View of the Shoulder 103

1 Acromion 10 Bicipital groove 2 Clavicle 11 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 3 Acromioclavicular joint 12 Scapula 4 Superior angle of the scapula 13 Glenoid fossa 5 Spine of the scapula 14 Glenoid labrum 6 Coracoid process 15 Surgical neck 7 Humeral head 16 Lateral margin of the scapula 8 Anatomical neck 17 Medial margin of the scapula 9 Greater tubercle of the humerus 104 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior Abduction View of the Shoulder Anterior-Posterior Abduction View of the Shoulder 105

1 Cortex 7 Humeral head 2 Metaphysis 8 Clavicle 3 Surgical neck 9 Suprascapular notch 4 Acromion 10 Spine of the scapula 5 Acromioclavicular joint 11 Superior angle of the scapula 6 Coracoid process 106 Upper Extremities

Axial View of the Shoulder Axial View of the Shoulder 107

1 2 3 5 4 6 8 7 10 9 11 12 13

14

1 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 8 Acromioclavicular joint 2 Humeral head 9 Glenohumeral joint 3 Coracoid process 10 Acromion 4 Clavicle 11 Superior angle of the scapula 5 Bicipital groove 12 Neck of the scapula 6 Greater tubercle of the humerus 13 Humerus 7 Glenoid fossa 14 Scapula 108 Upper Extremities

Tangential View of the Shoulder Tangential View of the Shoulder 109

1 3 2 4 5

7 6

8

9

1 Greater tubercle of the humerus 6 Crest of the greater tubercle 2 Bicipital groove 7 Humeral head 3 Acromion 8 Clavicle 4 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 9 Coracoid process 5 Acromioclavicular joint 110 Upper Extremities

Transthoracic View of the Shoulder Transthoracic View of the Shoulder 111

1

2 3

4 5 6 7 10 8 9

11

12

1 Clavicle 7 Greater tubercle of the humerus 2 Acromioclavicular joint 8 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 3 Acromion 9 Bicipital groove 4 Coracoid process 10 Scapula 5 Humeral head 11 Surgical neck 6 Glenoid fossa 12 Humerus 112 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Upper Arm Anterior-Posterior View of the Upper Arm 113

1 Clavicle 2 Lateral process (neck) of the scapula 3 Acromion 4 Greater tubercle of the humerus 5 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 6 Humeral head 7 Anatomical neck 8 Bicipital groove 9 Surgical neck 10 Humerus 11 Deltoid tuberosity 12 Lateral epicondyle 13 Olecranon fossa 14 Olecranon 15 Medial epicondyle 16 Trochlea 17 Radial head 18 Radius 19 Ulna 114 Upper Extremities

Lateral View of the Upper Arm Lateral View of the Upper Arm 115

A Proximal third of the humerus 9 Humeral shaft B Medial third of the humerus 10 Coronoid fossa C Distal third of the humerus 11 Radial head 1 Coracoid process 12 Olecranon fossa 2 Glenoid fossa 13 Radius 3 Clavicle 14 Trochlea 4 Lesser tubercle of the humerus 15 Capitellum 5 Acromioclavicular joint 16 Ulna 6 Humeral head 17 Olecranon 7 Acromion 18 Coronoid process 8 Cortex 116 Upper Extremities Anterior-Posterior View of the Elbow 117

1

2 3

5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 15

17 18

1 Humerus 10 Trochlea 2 Olecranon fossa 11 Humeroradial joint 3 Medial epicondyle of the humerus 12 Humeroulnar joint 4 Lateral epicondyle of the humerus 13 Coronoid process 5 Apex of the medial epicondyle of 14 Radial head the humerus 15 Proximal radioulnar joint 6 Olecranon 16 Radial neck 7 Lateral margin of the trochlea 17 Radius 8 Medial margin of the trochlea 18 Ulna 9 Capitellum 118 Upper Extremities Lateral View of the Elbow 119

1

2

3

4

6 5 7 8 9 10 11 12

13

1 Humerus 8 Lateral epicondyle 2 Coronoid fossa 9 Radius 3 Coronoid process 10 Humeroulnar joint 4 Radial head 11 Olecranon 5 Radial tuberosity 12 Humeroradial joint 6 Olecranon fossa 13 Ulna 7 Medial epicondyle 120 Upper Extremities

Axial View of the Elbow Axial View of the Elbow 121

1 Olecranon 6 Lateral epicondyle 2 Cubital tunnel 7 Radial head 3 Capitellum 8 Humerus 4 Trochlea 9 Ulna 5 Medial epicondyle 10 Radius 122 Upper Extremities

Oblique View of the Radius Oblique View of the Radius 123

1 3

2

5 4 7 6 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15

16

2

4

6 7 9 8 10 11 13

1 Humerus 9 Humeroradial joint 2 Olecranon fossa 10 Coronoid process 3 Medial epicondyle 11 Radial head 4 Olecranon 12 Proximal radioulnar joint 5 Lateral epicondyle 13 Radial neck 6 Trochlea 14 Radial tuberosity 7 Capitellum 15 Ulna 8 Humeroulnar joint 16 Radius 124 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Forearm

A Carpal bones B Distal third of the forearm C Middle third of the forearm D Proximal third of the forearm 1 Pisiform bone 2 Scaphoid 3 Triquetrum 4 Lunate bone 1–4 Proximal carpal row 5 Radial styloid 6 Ulnar styloid 7 Radiocarpal joint 8 Distal radioulnar joint 9 Radius 10 Interosseous membrane 11 Ulna 12 Radial tuberosity 13 Proximal radioulnar joint 14 Radial neck 15 Coronoid process 16 Radial head 17 Humeroulnar joint 18 Humeroradial joint 19 Trochlea 20 Capitellum 21 Olecranon 22 Lateral epicondyle of the humerus 23 Medial epicondyle of the humerus 24 Olecranon fossa 25 Humerus Anterior-Posterior View of the Forearm 125

1 3 2 A 4 5 6 7 8

B

9

10

C

11

12 D

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 22

24

25 126 Upper Extremities

Lateral View of the Forearm

A Carpal bones B Distal third of the forearm C Middle third of the forearm D Proximal third of the forearm 1 Triquetrum 2 Scapoid 3 Pisiform bone 4 Lunate bone 1–4 Proximal carpal row 5 Radiocarpal joint 6 Ulnar styloid 7 Ulna 8 Radius 9 Interosseous membrane 10 Radial neck 11 Radial head 12 Coronoid process 13 Coronoid fossa 14 Trochlea of the humerus 15 Humerus 16 Olecranon 17 Olecranon fossa Lateral View of the Forearm 127

1 2 A 3 4 5

6

B

7 C 8

9

10 D 11 12

13 14 15 17 16 128 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Hand Anterior-Posterior View of the Hand 129

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 14 Capitate 2 Distal phalanx 15 Trapezoid 3 Distal interphalangeal joint 16 Hamate 4 Proximal interphalangeal joint 17 Trapezium 5 Middle phalanx 18 Triquetrum 6 Head of the proximal phalanx 19 Scaphoid 7 Proximal phalanx 20 Pisiform 8 Metacarpophalangeal joint 21 Radial styloid 9 Base of the proximal phalanx 22 Ulnar styloid 10 Metacarpal head 23 Lunate 11 Sesamoid 24 Distal radius 12 Metacarpal 25 Distal radioulnar joint 13 Metacarpal base 26 Distal ulna 130 Upper Extremities

Oblique View of the Hand Oblique View of the Hand 131

1 Distal interphalangeal joint 11 Capitate and hamate 2 Head of the proximal phalanx 12 Trapezoid 3 Proximal interphalangeal joint 13 Triquetrum 4 Proximal phalanx 14 Trapezium 5 Base of the proximal phalanx 15 Lunate 6 Metacarpophalangeal joint 16 Scaphoid 7 Metacarpal 17 Ulnar styloid 8 Metacarpal head 18 Radial styloid 9 Sesamoid 19 Distal ulna 10 Metacarpal base 20 Distal radius 132 Upper Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Wrist Anterior-Posterior View of the Wrist 133

1 Proximal phalanx 10 Pisiform 2 Fifth metacarpal 11 Scaphoid 3 Carpometacarpal joint 12 Lunate 4 Trapezoid 13 Radial styloid 5 Trapezium 14 Radiocarpal joint 6 Capitate 15 Ulnar styloid 7 Hook of the Hamate 16 Radioulnar joint 8 Hamate 17 Radius 9 Triquetrum 18 Ulna 134 Upper Extremities

Lateral View of the Wrist Lateral View of the Wrist 135

1 Proximal phalanx 7 Scaphoid 2 Metacarpals 8 Triquetrum 3 Trapezoid 9 Pisiform 4 Hook of the Hamate 10 Lunate 5 Trapezium 11 Radial styloid 6 Capitate 12 Ulnar styloid 136 Upper Extremities

Carpal Tunnel Carpal Tunnel 137

1 Pisiform 6 Lunate 2 Trapezium 7 Capitate 3 Hook of the hamate 8 Trapezoid 4 Triquetrum 9 Hamate 5 Scaphoid 138 Upper Extremities

Scaphoid Views Scaphoid Views 139

1 Metacarpal 8 Lunate 2 Hamate 9 Pisiform 3 Trapezoid 10 Radial styloid 4 Capitate 11 Ulnar styloid 5 Trapezium 12 Radius 6 Scaphoid 13 Ulna 7 Triquetrum 140 Upper Extremities

Special View of the Pisiform Special View of the Pisiform 141

1 Metacarpals 7 Triquetrum 2 Hamate 8 Capitate 3 Trapezoid 9 Lunate 4 Scaphoid 10 Radius 5 Pisiform 11 Ulnar styloid 6 Trapezium 142 Upper Extremities

Oblique View of the Metacarpals Oblique View of the Metacarpals 143

1

2

3 5

4

V IV III 7

9 6 11 8 10 13 15 12 14 16 17 18

1 Proximal phalanges 11 Hamate 2 Metacarpophalangeal joint 12 Scaphoid 3 Sesamoid 13 Pisiform 4 7KLUGWKURXJKÀIWKPHWDFDUSDOV 14 Radial styloid 5 Fifth metacarpal head 15 Triquetrum 6 Carpometacarpal joint 16 Lunate 7 Fifth metacarpal shaft 17 Radiocarpal joint 8 Capitate 18 Radius 9 Fifth metacarpal base 10 Trapezium and trapezoid (overlap- ping projections) 144 Upper Extremities

Finger in Two Planes Finger in Two Planes 145

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 6 Head of the proximal phalanx 2 Distal phalanx 7 Proximal phalanx 3 Distal interphalangeal joint 8 Base of the proximal phalanx 4 Middle phalanx 9 Metacarpophalangeal joint 5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 10 Metacarpal 146 Lower Extremities

Lower Extremities Full-Length Anterior-Posterior Weight-bearing View of the Leg

A Proximal third of the femur B Middle third of the femur C Distal third of the femur D Proximal third of the lower leg E Medial third of the lower leg F Distal third of the lower leg 1 Joint space of the hip 2 Pubic bone 3 Femoral head 4 Greater trochanter 5 Obturator foramen 6 Ischium 7 Ischial tuberosity 8 Femur 9 Patella 10 Medial and lateral femoral condyles 11 Joint space of the knee 12 Intercondylar eminence 13 Medial and lateral tibial condyles 14 Tibia 15 Fibula 16 Medial malleolus 17 Lateral malleolus 18 Trochlea of the talus 19 Ankle Full-Length Anterior-Posterior Weight-bearing View of the Leg 147

17 16 148 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Hip Anterior-Posterior View of the Hip 149

1 Sacroiliac joint 15 Ilioischial line 2 Anterior superior iliac spine 16 .|KOHU·VWHDUGURSÀJXUH 3 Sacrum 17 Greater trochanter 4 Anterior inferior iliac spine 18 Terminal line 5 Intergluteal fat stripe 19 Femoral neck 6 Roof of the acetabulum 20 Superior pubic ramus 7 Acetabular convexity 21 Intertrochanteric crest (promontory) 22 Obturator foramen 8 Fat stripe medial to the gluteus 23 Fat stripe medial to the iliopsoas minimus 24 Ischial tuberosity 9 Spine of the ischium 25 Lesser trochanter 10 Anterior acetabular rim 26 Femur 11 Floor of the acetabulum Ischium (posterior column) 12 Posterior acetabular rim Pubic bone, anterior column 13 Fovea of the femoral head (anterior column) 14 Femoral head 150 Lower Extremities

Lauenstein View of the Hip Lauenstein View of the Hip 151

1 Anterior superior iliac spine 11 Ischium (posterior column) 2 Sacroiliac joint 12 Superior pubic ramus 3 Anterior inferior iliac spine 13 Lesser trochanter 4 Superior acetabular rim 14 Femoral neck 5 Posterior acetabular rim 15 Obturator foramen 6 Floor of the acetabulum 16 Femoral head 7 Spine of the ischium 17 Inferior pubic ramus 8 Anterior acetabular rim 18 Ischial tuberosity 9 Greater trochanter Pubic bone 10 Pubic bone (anterior column) Ischium 152 Lower Extremities

Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider I) Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider I) 153

1 Sacroiliac joint 10 Pubic bone (anterior column) 2 Ilium 11 Posterior acetabular rim 3 Anterior superior iliac spine 12 Ischium 4 Anterior inferior iliac spine 13 Femoral neck 5 Roof of the acetabulum 14 Obturator foramen 6 Superior acetabular rim 15 Greater trochanter 7 Spine of the ischium 16 Ischial tuberosity 8 Anterior articular surface of the 17 Intertrochanteric crest femoral head 18 Lesser trochanter 9 Anterior acetabular rim 154 Lower Extremities

Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider II) Tangential View of the Femoral Head (Schneider II) 155

1 Sacroiliac joint 8 Anterior acetabular rim 2 Iliac bone 9 Greater trochanter 3 Spine of the ischium 10 Femoral neck 4 Roof of the acetabulum 11 Ischium 5 Posterior articular surface of the 12 Pubic bone femoral head 13 Intertrochanteric crest 6 Anterior superior iliac spine 14 Lesser trochanter 7 Floor of the acetabulum 156 Lower Extremities

Axial View of the Hip Axial View of the Hip 157

2 1 3

4 5 6

7 8

9 10

1 Anterior inferior iliac spine 6 Greater trochanter 2 Femoral head 7 Lesser trochanter 3 Femoral neck 8 Ischial tuberosity 4 Anterior acetabular rim 9 Pubic bone 5 Posterior acetabular rim 10 Obturator foramen 158 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Thigh Anterior-Posterior View of the Thigh 159

1 Femoral shaft 9 Lateral tubercle of the intercon- 2 Cortex dylar eminence 3 Medullary canal 10 Medial tubercle of the intercon- 4 Medial femoral epicondyle dylar eminence 5 Lateral femoral epicondyle 11 Lateral tibial condyle 6 Lateral femoral condyle 12 Medial tibial condyle 7 Medial femoral condyle 13 Growth plate 8 Patella 14 Fibular head 160 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Thigh Lateral View of the Thigh 161

C

1 B

2

A 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 11 13 14

A Distal third of the femur 11 Medial femoral condyle B Middle third of the femur a Opposite the lateral tibial con- C Proximal third of the femur dyle (4), which articulates with 1 Femur WKHÀEXOD   2 Cortex b Regardless in which position 3 Popliteal fossa the radiography was made, the 4 Lateral femoral condyle corresponding lateral articular 5 Intercondylar fossa surfaces of the patella (9) and 6 Intercondylar eminence femur are longer proximal to 7 Patellofemoral joint distal than the corresponding 8 $SH[RIWKHÀEXODUKHDG medial articular surfaces. 9 Patella 12 7LELRÀEXODUMRLQW 10 Fibular head 13 Fibula 162 Lower Extremities

14 Tibia Anterior-Posterior View of the Knee Anterior-Posterior View of the Knee 163

1

2

3 4

5 6 7

9 8 10

11

12

13

14 15

1 Femur 9 Medial tibial condyle 2 Patella 10 Medial and lateral tubercles of the 3 Lateral femoral epicondyle intercondylar eminence 4 Medial femoral epicondyle 11 Epiphyseal plate 5 Growth plate 12 Fibular head 6 Lateral femoral condyle 13 Tibia 7 Medial femoral condyle 14 Fibula 8 Lateral tibial condyle 15 Cortex 164 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Knee Lateral View of the Knee 165

1 Femur 7 Tibial plateau 2 Patella 8 Intercondylar eminence 3 Posterior fat 9 Tibial tuberosity 4 Patellar ligament 10 Fibular head 5 Infrapatellar fat pad 11 Fibular neck 6 Lateral femoral condyle 12 Tibia 166 Lower Extremities

Frik Tunnel View of the Knee Frik Tunnel View of the Knee 167

1 Femur 10 Lateral tibial plateau 2 Patella 11 Medial tibial plateau 3 Medial femoral epicondyle 12 Tibial tuberosity 4 Lateral femoral epicondyle 13 Growth plate 5 Intercondylar fossa 14 Fibular head 6 Lateral femoral condyle 15 Fibular neck 7 Medial femoral condyle 16 Tibia 8 Lateral tubercle of the intercon- 17 Interosseous membrane dylar eminence 9 Medial tubercle of the intercondylar eminence 168 Lower Extremities

YHGHJUHH,QWHUQDO5RWDWLRQ9LHZRIWKH.QHHۋ\RUW( )RUW\ÀYHGHJUHH,QWHUQDO5RWDWLRQ9LHZRIWKH.QHH 169

1

2

4

3 6

8 5

7 10

9

11

12

13

1 Femoral shaft 8 Intercondylar eminence 2 Medial margin of the patella 9 7LELRÀEXODUMRLQW 3 Lateral femoral condyle 10 Medial tibial condyle 4 Intercondylar fossa 11 Fibular head 5 Knee (joint space) 12 Tibial shaft 6 Medial femoral condyle 13 Fibular shaft 7 Lateral tibial condyle 170 Lower Extremities

YHGHJUHH([WHUQDO5RWDWLRQ9LHZRIWKH.QHHۋ\RUW( )RUW\ÀYHGHJUHH([WHUQDO5RWDWLRQ9LHZRIWKH.QHH 171

1

3 2

4 5 6 7

9 8

10

12

11

1 Femoral shaft 7 Knee (joint space) 2 Intercondylar fossa 8 Medial tibial condyle 3 Lateral margin of the patella 9 Lateral tibial condyle 4 Medial femoral condyle 10 Fibular head 5 Lateral femoral condyle 11 Fibular shaft 6 Intercondylar eminence 12 Tibial shaft 172 Lower Extremities

Most common forms of multipartite patella (as described by Schaer)

WibergƞVFODVVLÀFDWLRQRISDWHOODUVKDSHV ULJKWNQHH Thirty-, Sixty-, and Ninety-degree Views of the Patella 173

1 Patella 4 Lateral femoral condyle (generally 2 Patellofemoral joint larger) 3 Articular surface 5 Medial femoral condyle 6 Intercondylar fossa 174 Lower Extremities Anterior-Posterior View of the Lower Leg 175

2 1 5 3 4 7 6

8

9

10 11

12

13

14

15 16 17

1 Medial femoral condyle 9 Interosseous membrane 2 Lateral femoral condyle 10 Fibula 3 Medial and lateral tubercles of the 11 Tibia intercondylar eminence 12 Cortex 4 Medial tibial condyle 13 Medullary canal 5 Lateral tibial condyle 14 Growth plate 6 Tibial tuberosity 15 Lateral malleolus 7 Fibular head 16 Medial malleolus 8 Fibular neck 17 Talus 176 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Lower Leg Lateral View of the Lower Leg 177

1 2 3 4 5 A 6

7

8 B 9

10

C 11

12 13

A Proximal third of the lower leg 6 Proximal tibial apophysis (in B Middle third of the lower leg children) C Distal third of the lower leg 7 Tibia 1 Medial and lateral femoral 8 Fibula condyles 9 Cortex 2 Knee 10 Medullary canal 3 Intercondylar eminence 11 Medial malleus 4 Medial and lateral tibial condyles 12 Lateral malleus 5 Fibular head 13 Talus 178 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Ankle Anterior-Posterior View of the Ankle 179

1

2

3 4

5 6

7 8 9

10

11

1 Tibia 7 Lateral malleolus 2 Fibula 8 Trochlea of the talus 3 Growth plate 9 Subtalar joint 4 Fibular notch 10 Calcaneus 5 Ankle 11 Navicular 6 Medial malleolus 180 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Ankle Lateral View of the Ankle 181

1 Fibula 13 Posterior process of the talus 2 Tibia 14 Sinus tarsi 3 Achilles tendon 15 Navicular 4 Growth plate 16 Lateral process of the talus 5 Ankle 17 Calcaneus 6 Trochlea of the talus 18 Medial cuneiform 7 Medial malleolus 19 Posterior tuberosity of the 8 Talus calcaneus 9 Lateral malleolus 20 Cuboid 10 Neck of the talus 21 %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 11 Head of the talus 12 Talonavicular joint 182 Lower Extremities

Oblique View of the Ankle 1 Oblique View of the Ankle 1 183

1 2

3 4

6 5 7

8 9 10

11

13 12

IV III II I V 14

1 Fibula 8 Navicular 2 Tibia 9 Calcaneus 3 Ankle joint space (talocrural joint) 10 Middle cuneiform 4 Medial malleolus 11 Cuboid 5 Lateral malleolus 12 Medial cuneiform 6 Talus 13 Lateral cuneiform 7 Talocalcaneal joint (posterior 14 Metatarsals portion of the subtalar joint) 184 Lower Extremities

Oblique View of the Ankle 2 Oblique View of the Ankle 2 185

2 1

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

10

1 Tibia 7 Talocalcaneal joint (posterior 2 Fibula portion of the subtalar joint) 3 Ankle joint space (talocrural joint) 8 Navicular 4 Lateral malleolus 9 Calcaneus 5 Medial malleolus 10 Cuboid 6 Talus 186 Lower Extremities

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 2 Distal phalanx of the great toe 3 Distal interphalangeal joint of the great toe 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 6 Distal phalanx 7 Middle phalanx 8 Head of the proximal pha- lanx 9 Proximal phalanx 10 Sesamoid 11 Base of the phalanx 12 Metatarsophalangeal joint 13 Metatarsal 14 Metatarsal head 15 Medial cuneiform 16 Middle cuneiform 17 Lateral cuneiform 18 %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 19 Navicular 20 Head of the talus 21 Cuboid 22 Medial malleolus 23 Lateral malleolus 24 Calcaneus 25 Tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc’s joints) 26 Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart’s joint) Anterior-Posterior View of the Foot 187

Common sesamoids and accessory bones in the foot

27 Os intermetatarseum 25 28 Os vesalianum 29 Os peroneum 30 Secondary cuboid 31 Os tibiale externum 26 32 Os supratalare 188 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Foot Lateral View of the Foot 189 14 Metatarsophalangeal joint Metatarsophalangeal joint Tarsometatarsal Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform cuneiform Lateral joint Cuneonavicular Navicular joint Talocalcaneonavicular Tibia Ankle Fibula Talus of the talus process Posterior Distal phalanx Middle phalanx phalanx Proximal Sesamoid Metatarsal Cuboid joint Calcaneocuboid Calcaneus tuberosityPosterior of the calcaneus  %DVHRIÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 190 Lower Extremities

Lateral View of the Calcaneus Lateral View of the Calcaneus 191

1 Talus 9 Navicular 2 Lateral malleolus 10 Achilles tendon 3 Lateral process of the talus 11 Calcaneus 4 Os trigonum 12 Cuboid 5 Subtalar joint 13 %DVHRIÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 6 Posterior process of the talus 14 Posterior tuberosity of the 7 Sinus tarsi calcaneus 8 Sustentaculum tali 15 Plantar aponeurosis 192 Lower Extremities

Tangential View of the Calcaneus Tangential View of the Calcaneus 193

1 Lateral malleolus 6 Lateral process of the posterior 2 Talus tuberosity of the calcaneus 3 Groove for the peroneus longus 7 Medial process of the posterior tendon tuberosity of the calcaneus 4 Sustentaculum tali 8 Posterior tuberosity of the 5 Peroneal trochlea calcaneus 194 Lower Extremities

Hindfoot in a Standing Patient Hindfoot in a Standing Patient 195

1

3

5 2 7 4

6

8

1 Fibula 5 Ankle joint space (talocrural joint) 2 Medial malleolus 6 Fifth metatarsal 3 Tibia 7 Talus 4 Lateral malleolus 8 Calcaneus 196 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Metatarsals Anterior-Posterior View of the Metatarsals 197

1 Metatarsal 7 Cuboid 2 Middle cuneiform 8 Head of the talus 3 Medial cuneiform 9 Calcaneus 4 Lateral cuneiform 10 Medial malleolus 5 %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 11 Lateral malleolus 6 Navicular 198 Lower Extremities

Oblique View of the Metatarsals Oblique View of the Metatarsals 199 Metatarsals joint Tarsometatarsal Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform cuneiform Lateral joint Cuneonavicular Navicular joint Talocalcaneonavicular Talus Malleolus Cuboid tarsiSinus Calcaneus Subtalar joint (and joint) talocalcaneonavicular  %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 200 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior View of the Forefoot Anterior-Posterior View of the Forefoot 201

1 1 2

3 3 4 5

6 7

8

11 9 13 10 12 14

15 16 18 17

1 Distal phalanx 10 Middle cuneiform 2 Middle phalanx 11 Lateral cuneiform 3 Proximal phalanx 12 Intertarsal joint 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 13 Metatarsophalangeal joint 5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 14 %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 6 Metatarsophalangeal joint 15 Cuboid 7 Sesamoids 16 Navicular 8 Metatarsals 17 Talocalcaneonavicular joint 9 Medial cuneiform 18 Calcaneocuboid joint 202 Lower Extremities

Oblique View of the Forefoot Oblique View of the Forefoot 203

1 Distal phalanx 11 Middle cuneiform 2 Middle phalanx 12 Lateral cuneiform 3 Proximal phalanx 13 Intertarsal joint 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 14 %DVHRIWKHÀIWKPHWDWDUVDO 5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 15 Navicular 6 Metatarsophalangeal joint 16 Cuboid 7 Sesamoids 17 Talocalcaneonavicular joint 8 Metatarsals 18 Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart’s 9 Tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc’s joint between the talus, calcane- joint) us, navicular, and cuboid) 10 Medial cuneiform 204 Lower Extremities

Anterior-Posterior and Lateral Views of the Great Toe Anterior-Posterior and Lateral Views of the Great Toe 205

1 Distal phalanx (tuft) 6 Proximal interphalangeal joint 2 Distal phalanx 7 Proximal phalanx 3 Interphalangeal joint of the great 8 Metatarsophalangeal joint toe 9 Sesamoids 4 Distal interphalangeal joint 10 First metatarsal 5 Middle phalanx 11 Tarsometatarsal joint This page intentionally left blank. 207

Anatomy of Miscellaneous Plain Films

Routine Radiographs...... 208 Spot Images ...... 224 Tomography...... 232 208 Routine Radiographs

Routine Radiographs Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph 209

1 Trachea 11 Paraaortic stripe 2 Clavicle 12 Descending aorta 3 Apex of the lung 13 Azygoesophageal stripe 4 Curve of the apex of the lung 14 Paraspinal stripe 5 Posterior border between the 15 Shadow of the breast right and left lungs 16 Diaphragm 6 Right paratracheal stripe 17 Gastric bubble 7 Carina of the trachea 18 Insertions of the diaphragm 8 Right main bronchus 19 Costodiaphragmatic recess 9 Left main bronchus (costophrenic angle) 10 Intermediate bronchus 210 Routine Radiographs

Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph (Heart and Major Vessels) Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph (Heart and Major Vessels) 211

1 Contour of the right 11 Inferior lobar branch of the brachiocephalic vein pulmonary artery 2 Contour of the subclavian artery 12 Pulmonary valve 3 Subclavian and aortic arches 13 Left atrium 4 Aortic arch 14 Aortic valve 5 Azygos vein 15 9HQRXVFRQÁXHQFH 6 Superior vena cava 16 Mitral valve 7 Main pulmonary artery 17 Right atrium 8 Right pulmonary artery 18 Tricuspid valve 9 Left pulmonary artery 19 Left ventricle 10 Intermediate part of the right 20 Inferior vena cava pulmonary artery 21 Right ventricle 212 Routine Radiographs

Routine Radiographs Lateral Chest

1 Soft tissues of the shoulder 9 Right upper lobe bronchus 2 Trachea 10 Retrosternal space 3 Scapula 11 Left upper lobe bronchus 4 Sternal angle 12 Main pulmonary artery 5 Aortic arch 13 Descending aorta 6 Body of the sternum 14 Pulmonary valve 7 Aortopulmonary window 15 Pulmonary veins 8 Ascending aorta 16 Aortic valve Lateral Chest 213

17 Lower lobe bronchus 24 Retrocardiac space 18 Left atrium 25 Inferior vena cava 19 Right ventricle 26 Gastric bubble 20 Mitral valve 27 Left hemidiaphragm (tangent to 21 Tricuspid valve the gastric bubble and ending in 22 Pulmonary veins the shadow of the heart) 23 Left ventricle 28 Right hemidiaphragm 214 Routine Radiographs

Segments of the Lung

1 Upper region of the lung 7 Supradiaphragmatic region 2 Perihilar region 8 Superior anterior mediastinum 3 Middle region of the lung 9 Inferior anterior mediastinum 4 Chest wall 10 Posterior mediastinum 5 Pericardial region 11 Middle mediastinum (fourth and 6 Lower region of the lung ÀIWKWKRUDFLFYHUWHEUDH Segments of the Lung 215

1. 2. Right: apical segment of the upper lobe Right: posterior segment of the upper lobe Left: apical posterior segment of the Left: apical posterior segment of the upper upper lobe lobe

3. Right and left: 3a. Right and left: anterior segment of the upper lobe axillary subsegment

4. 5. Right: lateral segment of the middle lobe Right medial segment of the middle lobe Left: superior lignular segment Left: inferior lingular segment

6. Right and left: 7. Right: superior segment of the lower lobe medial segment of the lower lobe

8. Right and left: 9. Right and left: anterior basal segment of the lower lobe lateral basal segment of the lower lobe

10. Right and left: posterior Segments of the lung basal segment of the lower lobe 216 Routine Radiographs

Anterior Oblique View of the Right Chest Anterior Oblique View of the Right Chest 217

1 Right lung 11 Infundibulum 2 Left lung 12 Inferior right pulmonary vein 3 Aortic arch 13 Inferior left pulmonary vein 4 Trachea 14 Left atrium 5 Ascending aorta 15 Right atrium 6 Descending aorta 16 Left ventricle 7 Left upper lobe pulmonary vein, 17 Inferior vena cava artery, and bronchus 18 Gastric bubble 8 Main pulmonary artery 19 Diaphragm 9 Left pulmonary artery 10 Right inferior lobar branch of the pulmonary artery 218 Routine Radiographs

Anterior Oblique View of the Left Chest Anterior Oblique View of the Left Chest 219

1 Sternum 12 Right pulmonary vein 2 Aortic arch 13 Descending aorta 3 Trachea 14 Right ventricle 4 Ascending aorta 15 Left ventricle 5 Carina of the trachea 16 Right lung 6 Left pulmonary artery 17 Inferior vena cava 7 Right main bronchus 18 Gastric bubble (left hemidia- 8 Left main bronchus phragm) 9 Right atrium 19 Right hemidiaphragm 10 Right pulmonary artery 20 Left lung 11 Left pulmonary vein 220 Routine Radiographs

Abdomen with the Patient Standing Abdomen with the Patient Standing 221

1 2 3 4 5

T1 6

7 8 9

10

11

12

13

14

1 Diaphragm 7 Gas in the transverse colon 2 Costodiaphragmatic recess 8 Inferior margin of the liver (costophrenic angle) 9 Margin of the psoas 3 Subphrenic space 10 Gas in the small bowel 4 Gastric bubble 11 Iliac crest 5 *DVLQWKHVSOHQLFÁH[XUHRIWKH 12 Ilium colon 13 Sacrum 6 Lower margin of the spleen 14 Urinary bladder 222 Routine Radiographs

Abdomen with the Patient Supine Abdomen with the Patient Supine 223

1

T12 2

L1

3

4 5 6 7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1 Spleen 8 Psoas 2 Liver 9 Iliac crest 3 Left kidney 10 Ilium 4 Right kidney 11 Sacrum 5 Subcutaneous fat 12 Obturator internus 6 Abdominal muscles 13 Urinary bladder 7 Preperitoneal fat 224 Spot Images

Spot Images Craniocaudal Mammogram Craniocaudal Mammogram 225

1 Skin 6 Nipple 2 Subcutaneous fat 7 Contour of a lobule 3 Veins 8 Cooper’s ligaments 4 Glandular tissue 5 Lactiferous duct posterior to the nipple 226 Spot Images

Mediolateral Mammogram Mediolateral Mammogram 227

1 Skin 5 Lactiferous duct posterior to the 2 Subcutaneous fat nipple 3 Veins 6 Nipple 4 Glandular tissue 7 Contour of a lobule 8 Cooper’s ligaments 228 Spot Images

Anterior-Posterior Spot View of the Trachea Anterior-Posterior Spot View of the Trachea 229

1 Mandible 8 Ventricle of the larynx 2 Floor of the vallecula 9 Vocal fold (true vocal cord) 3 Interarytenoid notch 10 Rima glottidis 4 Piriform recess 11 Subglottic space 5 Arytenoid cartilages 12 Thyroid cartilage 6 Vestibular fold (false vocal cord) 13 Proximal trachea 7 Vestibule of the larynx 14 Distal trachea 230 Spot Images

Lateral Spot View of the Trachea Lateral Spot View of the Trachea 231

1 Oral cavity 11 Ventricle of the larynx 2 Base of the skull 12 Inferior posterior margin of the 3 Posterior nasopharynx piriform recess 4 Dens of the axis 13 Subglottic space 5 Mandible 14 Thyroid cartilage 6 Epiglottis 15 Proximal trachea 7 Hyoid bone 16 Vertebra C7 8 Floor of the vallecula 17 Esophagus 9 Retropharyngeal space 18 Distal trachea 10 Vestibule of the larynx 232 Tomography

Tomography Anterior-Posterior Tomogram of the Pulmonary Hilum Anterior-Posterior Tomogram of the Pulmonary Hilum 233

1 Trachea 10 Left main bronchus 2 Superior vena cava 11 Intermediate bronchus 3 Aortic arch 12 Left upper lobe bronchus 4 Azygos vein 13 Descending aorta 5 Right pulmonary artery 14 Middle lobe bronchus 6 Right upper lobe bronchus 15 Left lower lobe bronchus 7 Bifurcation of the trachea 16 Right lower lobe bronchus 8 Right main bronchus 17 Pulmonary veins 9 Inferior lobar branch of the pulmo- 18 9HQRXVFRQÁXHQFH nary artery 234 Tomography

Lateral Tomogram of the Right Hilum of the Lung Lateral Tomogram of the Right Hilum of the Lung 235

1 Trachea 7 Middle lobe bronchus 2 Superior lobar branch of the pul- 8 Middle lobar branch of the pulmo- monary artery nary artery 3 Origin of the upper lobe bronchus 9 Inferior lobar branch of the pul- 4 Intermediate bronchus monary artery 5 Right pulmonary artery 10 Lower lobe bronchus 6 Segmental bronchus of the lower lobe 236 Tomography

Tomogram of the Sacroiliac Joint Tomogram of the Sacroiliac Joint 237

1 Spinous process 9 Posterior inferior iliac spine 2 Lamina 10 Pedicle 3 Inferior articular process 11 L5 4 Posterior superior iliac spine 12 Transverse process 5 Middle portion of the sacroiliac 13 Promontory joint 14 Sacral ala 6 Anterior aspect of the sacrum 15 Anterior aspect of the sacroiliac 7 Posterior inferior aspect of the joint sacroiliac joint 16 Ilium (iliac wing) 8 Sacral foramina This page intentionally left blank. 239

Contrast Studies

Gastrointestinal System...... 240 Intravenous Contrast Studies ...... 264 Arthrography ...... 268 Arteriography...... 280 Venography...... 326 240 Gastrointestinal System

Gastrointestinal System Anterior-Posterior View of the Hypopharynx Anterior-Posterior View of the Hypopharynx 241

1 Pharynx 4 Epiglottis 2 Lateral glossoepiglottic fold 5 Piriform recess 3 Vallecula 6 Esophagus 242 Gastrointestinal System

Lateral View of the Hypopharynx Lateral View of the Hypopharynx 243

1 Uvula 7 Larynx 2 Cervical spine (axis) 8 Hyoid bone 3 Tongue 9 Piriform recess 4 Oropharynx 10 Ventricle of the larynx 5 Mandible 11 Esophagus 6 Vallecula 12 Trachea 244 Gastrointestinal System

Esophagus Esophagus 245

1 Uvula A Paratracheal segment 2 Lateral glossoepiglottic fold B Aortic segment 3 Epiglottis C Bronchial segment 4 Piriform recess D Interbronchial segment 5 Upper esophageal sphincter E Retrocardiac segment 6 Body of the esophagus F Epiphrenic segment 7 Aortic arch 8 Bronchial and aortic segment 246 Gastrointestinal System

Esophagus and Stomach Esophagus and Stomach 247

1 Distal esophagus 4 Esophageal hiatus 2 Gastroesophageal angle 5 Cardia 3 Abdominal esophagus 248 Gastrointestinal System

Stomach Stomach 249

1 Fundus 8 Pylorus 2 Abdominal esophagus 9 Body of the stomach 3 Cardia 10 Angular notch 4 Lesser curvature 11 Greater curvature 5 Duodenum 12 Pyloric antrum 6 Ampulla of Vater 12 + 13 Antrum 7 Gastric folds (posterior wall) 250 Gastrointestinal System

Stomach and Duodenum Stomach and Duodenum 251

1 Ampulla of Vater 4 Descending duodenum 2 Pylorus 5 Papilla of Vater 3 Pyloric antrum 252 Gastrointestinal System

Stomach and Small Bowel Stomach and Small Bowel 253

1 Ampulla of Vater 6 Descending duodenum 2 Pyloric antrum 7 Ascending duodenum 3 'XRGHQRMHMXQDOÁH[XUH 8 Horizontal part of duodenum 4 Colon 9 Jejunum 5 Body of the stomach 10 Ileum 254 Gastrointestinal System

Small Bowel Small Bowel 255

1 Jejunum 4 Cecum 2 Junction of the ileum and jejunum 5 Appendix 3 Ileum 256 Gastrointestinal System

Spot Film of the Ileocecal Region Spot Film of the Ileocecal Region 257

1 Haustra of the colon 4 Ileocecal valve 2 Ascending colon 5 Terminal ileum 3 Ileum 6 Cecum 258 Gastrointestinal System

Colon Colon 259

1 6SOHQLFÁH[XUHRIWKHFRORQ 7 Ileocecal valve 2 +HSDWLFÁH[XUHRIWKHFRORQ 8 Cecum 3 Ascending colon 9 Sigmoid colon 4 Transverse colon 10 Appendix 5 Descending colon 11 Rectum 6 Haustra 260 Gastrointestinal System

Rectum Rectum 261

1 Rectosigmoid junction 5 Femoral head 2 Sacrum 6 Rectal ampulla 3 Retrorectal space 7 Coccyx 4 Transverse rectal fold 8 Anorectal junction 262 Gastrointestinal System

Defecography Defecography 263

1 Puborectalis 2 Rectal ampulla 3 Anal canal 264 Intravenous Contrast Studies

Intravenous Contrast Studies Intravenous Urogram Intravenous Urogram 265

1 2 3

4 5 6 7

9 8 10

11

12

13

1 Superior pole of the kidney 8 Right kidney 2 Twelfth rib 9 Inferior pole of the kidney 3 Superior calyces 10 Ureter 4 Middle calyces 11 Margin of the psoas 5 Renal pelvis 12 Distal ureter 6 Inferior calyces 13 Urinary bladder 7 Left kidney 266 Intravenous Contrast Studies

Intravenous Cholecystochlolangiogram Intravenous Cholecystochlolangiogram 267

1 Common hepatic duct 4 Common bile duct 2 Cystic duct 5 Body of the gallbladder 3 Neck of the gallbladder 6 Fundus of the gallbladder 268 Arthrography

Arthrography Posterior-Anterior Wrist Arthrogram Posterior-Anterior Wrist Arthrogram 269

1 Meniscus 4 Extensor recess 2 Ulnar recess 5 Sacciform recess 3 7ULDQJXODUÀEURFDUWLODJH 6 Flexor recess 270 Arthrography

Lateral Wrist Arthrogram Lateral Wrist Arthrogram 271

1 Extensor recess 4 Flexor recess 2 Ulnar recess 5 Ulna 3 Ulnar styloid 6 Radius 272 Arthrography

Anterior-Posterior Shoulder Arthrogram Anterior-Posterior Shoulder Arthrogram 273

1 Clavicle 6 Axillary recess 2 Acromion 7 Intertubercular sheath 3 Coracoid process 8 Tendon sheath of the long head of 4 Subscapular bursa the biceps 5 Glenoid labrum 274 Arthrography

Oblique Shoulder Arthrogram Oblique Shoulder Arthrogram 275

1 Clavicle 6 Glenoid labrum 2 Acromion 7 Tendon sheath of the long head of 3 Insertion of the biceps tendon the biceps 4 Coracoid process 8 Axillary recess 5 Subscapular bursa 9 Intertubercular sheath 276 Arthrography

Knee Arthrogram Knee Arthrogram 277

1 Superior capsular recess 4 Cartilage 2 Meniscus 5 Popliteal bursa 3 Inferior capsular recess 278 Arthrography

Ankle Arthrogram Ankle Arthrogram 279 Supracalcaneal recess Supracalcaneal Calcaneus Medial malleolus malleolus Lateral 9 10 11 12 Posterior recess Posterior recess Anterior varies) (anatomy recesses Tendon Talus 5 6 7 8 Tibia Fibula 7LELRÀEXODUMRLQW Joint space 1 2 3 4 280 Arteriography

Arteriography Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 281

1 Callosomarginal artery 13 Second segment of the anterior 2 Anterior parietal artery cerebral artery (from here on 3 Pericallosal artery referred to as the pericallosal 4 Posterior parietal artery artery) 5 Pericallosal artery (fourth 14 Second segment of the middle segment of the anterior cerebral cerebral artery artery, superior to the corpus 15 Anterior communicating artery callosum) of the cerebrum (obscured by a 6 Frontal polar artery vascular arch) 7 Precentral sulcal artery 16 First segment of the middle cere- 8 Third segment of the anterior ce- bral artery (sphenoid part) rebral artery or pericallosal artery 17 Temporal polar artery 9 Artery of the angular gyrus 18 Frontal orbital artery 10 Posterior temporal artery 19 Ophthalmic artery 11 Prefrontal arteries 20 Internal carotid artery 12 Anterior choroidal artery 282 Arteriography

Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase

1 Posterior internal frontal artery 7 Medial internal frontal artery 2 Anterior parietal artery 8 Inferior internal parietal artery 3 Paracentral artery 9 Frontal polar artery 4 Posterior parietal artery 10 Artery of the angular gyrus 5 Anterior internal frontal artery 11 Pericallosal artery 6 Superior internal parietal artery 12 Posterior temporal artery Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 283

Variant (40 %)

13 Prefrontal arteries 17 Frontal orbital artery 14 Second segment of the middle 18 Posterior communicating artery cerebral artery 19 Ophthalmic artery 15 Second segment of the anterior 20 Internal carotid artery cerebral artery 21 Callosomarginal artery 16 Anterior choroidal artery 284 Arteriography

Arteriography Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase Anterior-Posterior Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase 285

1

2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11

12

13 14

1 Parietal vein 8 Frontal veins 2 Superior sagittal sinus 9 Veins of the fossa of Sylvius 3 Superior anastomotic vein (vein of 10 Sphenoparietal sinus Trolard) 11 Transverse sinus 4 Great cerebral vein of Galen 12 Intercavernous sinus 5 Internal cerebral vein 13 Inferior petrosal sinus 6 Superior thalamostriate vein 14 Sigmoid sinus 7 Basal vein of Rosenthal 286 Arteriography

Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase Lateral Internal Carotid Arteriogram, Venous Phase 287

1 Superior sagittal sinus 14 Veins of the fossa of Sylvius 2 Parietal vein 15 &RQÁXHQFHRIVLQXVHV 3 Superior anastomotic vein (vein of 16 Cavernous sinus (anterior Trolard) drainage) 4 Occipital veins 17 Transverse sinus 5 Inferior sagittal sinus 18 Superior petrosal sinus 6 Internal cerebral vein 19 Cavernous sinus (posterior 7 Superior thalamostriate veins drainage) 8 Vein of the septum pellucidum 20 Sigmoid sinus 9 Straight sinus 21 Inferior petrosal sinus 10 Great cerebral vein of Galen 22 Occipital sinus 11 Ascending frontal veins 23 Pterygoid plexus 12 Basal vein of Rosenthal 24 Internal jugular vein 13 Inferior anastomotic vein (vein of Labbé) 288 Arteriography

Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 289

1 Calcarine branch of the medial 7 Superior cerebellar artery occipital artery 8 Marginal artery 2 Parieto-occipital artery 9 Anterior inferior cerebellar artery 3 Vermis branch 10 Basilar artery 4 Thalamoperforate arteries 11 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery 5 Posterior cerebral artery 12 Vertebral artery 6 Temporo-occipital artery 290 Arteriography

Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 291

1 Parieto-occipital artery 7 Branches of the posterior cerebral 2 Dorsal corpus callosal branch artery to the thalamus 3 Calcarine branch of the medial 8 Posterior communicating artery occipital artery 9 Superior cerebellar artery 4 Choroidal arteries (posterior, medi- 10 Basilar artery al, and lateral) 11 Anterior inferior cerebellar artery 5 Temporo-occipital artery 12 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery 6 Posterior cerebral artery 13 Vertebral arteries 292 Arteriography

Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase Anterior-Posterior Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase 293

1 2

3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10

11

1 Straight sinus 8 Petrosal vein (entering the 2 Superior cerebral veins superior petrosal sinus) 3 &RQÁXHQFHRIVLQXVHV 9 Sigmoid sinus 4 Transverse sinus 10 Bulb of the jugular vein 5 Veins of the cerebellar hemisphere 11 Inferior petrosal sinus 6 Inferior vein of the vermis 7 Inferior vein of the cerebellar hemisphere 294 Arteriography

Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase Lateral Vertebral Arteriogram, Venous Phase 295

1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 11 12

13 14

1 Superior veins of the cerebellar 9 Inferior veins of the cerebellar hemisphere hemisphere 2 Great cerebral vein of Galen 10 Cavernous sinus 3 Internal cerebral vein 11 Inferior veins of the cerebellar 4 Straight sinus hemisphere 5 Basal vein of Rosenthal 12 Superior petrosal sinus 6 Precentral cerebellar vein 13 Inferior petrosal sinus 7 &RQÁXHQFHRIVLQXVHV 14 Sigmoid sinus 8 Transverse sinus 296 Arteriography

Anterior-Posterior Angiogram of the Cervical Vessels Anterior-Posterior Angiogram of the Cervical Vessels 297

1 Internal carotid artery 8 Inferior thyroid artery 2 External carotid artery 9 Thyrocervical trunk 3 Facial artery 10 Suprascapular artery 4 Superior thyroid artery 11 Subclavian artery 5 Vertebral artery 12 Brachiocephalic trunk 6 Ascending cervical artery 13 Internal thoracic artery 7 Common carotid artery 298 Arteriography

Anterior-Posterior Aortic Arch Angiogram Anterior-Posterior Aortic Arch Angiogram 299

1 Thyrocervical trunk 6 Aortic arch 2 Common carotid artery 7 Ascending aorta 3 Vertebral artery 8 Descending aorta 4 Subclavian artery 9 Aortic bulb 5 Brachiocephalic trunk 300 Arteriography

Pulmonary Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Pulmonary Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 301

̍ = Segmental arteries 1--10

A Apical branch G Inferior lobar branch of the pulmo- B Left pulmonary artery nary artery C Right pulmonary artery H Pulmonary trunk D Superior vena cava I Right atrium E Lingular branch J Right ventricle F Middle lobar branch of the pulmo- K Inferior vena cava nary artery 302 Arteriography

Anterior-Posterior Pulmonary Arteriogram, Venous Phase Anterior-Posterior Pulmonary Arteriogram, Venous Phase 303

̍ = Segmental arteries 1--10

A Apicoposterior branch E Common basal vein B Apical branch F Right atrium C Inferior pulmonary vein G Left atrium D Superior pulmonary vein H Inferior basal vein 304 Arteriography

Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Arterial Phase Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Arterial Phase 305

1 Splenic artery 8 Gastroduodenal artery 2 Left branch of the proper hepatic 9 Cystic artery artery 10 superior supraduodenal artery 3 Right gastric artery 11 Right gastroepiploic artery 4 Left gastric artery 12 Superior pancreaticoduodenal 5 Right branch of the proper hepatic artery artery 13 Inferior pancreaticoduodenal 6 Common hepatic artery artery (anastomosis with the 7 Celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery) 306 Arteriography

Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Venous Phase Celiac Trunk Angiogram, Venous Phase 307

1 Spleen 4 &RQÁXHQFH 2 Splenic vein 5 Junction of the mesenteric vein 3 Portal vein 6 Liver 308 Arteriography

Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 309

1 Middle colic artery 5 Jejunal arteries 2 Inferior pancreaticoduodenal 6 Ileocolic artery artery 7 Ileal arteries 3 Superior mesenteric artery 4 Right colic artery 310 Arteriography

Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Venous Phase Superior Mesenteric Arteriogram, Venous Phase 311

1 Left branch of the portal vein 6 Superior mesenteric vein 2 Right branch of the portal vein 7 Right colic vein 3 Portal vein 8 Jejunal veins 4 Splenic vein 9 Ileocolic vein 5 &RQÁXHQFH 10 Ileal veins 312 Arteriography

Renal Arteriogram, Arterial Phase Renal Arteriogram, Arterial Phase 313

1 Splenic artery 7 Segmental arteries (posterior 2 Arcuate arteries branch) 3 Interlobular arteries 8 Middle segmental artery 4 Superior segmental artery 9 Inferior segmental artery 5 Segmental arteries 10 Right renal artery (anterior branch) 11 Left renal artery 6 Inferior adrenal artery 12 Abdominal aorta 314 Arteriography

Renal Arteriogram, Venous Phase Renal Arteriogram, Venous Phase 315

1 Interlobular vein 4 Left renal vein 2 Superior branch of the renal vein 5 Right renal vein 3 Arcuate vein 316 Arteriography

Pelvic Aortic Angiogram Pelvic Aortic Angiogram 317

1 Abdominal aorta 8 Superior gluteal artery 2 Lumbar artery 9 Obturator artery 3 Common iliac artery 10 Inferior gluteal artery 4 Median sacral artery 11 Common femoral artery 5 External iliac artery 12 Deep femoral artery 6 Internal iliac artery 13 6XSHUÀFLDOIHPRUDODUWHU\ 7 Lateral sacral artery 318 Arteriography Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Thigh 319

1 6XSHUÀFLDOIHPRUDODUWHU\ 5 Descending branch of the lateral 2 Ascending branch of the lateral IHPRUDOFLUFXPÁH[DUWHU\ IHPRUDOFLUFXPÁH[DUWHU\ 6 Deep femoral artery 3 /DWHUDOIHPRUDOFLUFXPÁH[DUWHU\ 7 Perforating artery 4 0HGLDOIHPRUDOFLUFXPÁH[DUWHU\ 320 Arteriography

Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Knee Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Knee 321

1 6XSHUÀFLDOIHPRUDODUWHU\ 6 Middle genicular artery 2 Descending genicular artery 7 Inferior medial genicular artery 3 Superior medial genicular artery 8 Anterior tibial artery 4 Popliteal artery 9 Posterior tibial artery 5 Superior lateral genicular artery 10 Peroneal artery 322 Arteriography

Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Lower Leg Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Lower Leg 323

1 &LUFXPÁH[ÀEXODUDUWHU\ 4 Peroneal artery 2 Muscular branch 5 Posterior tibial artery 3 Anterior tibial artery 324 Arteriography

Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Ankle and Foot Lower Extremity Angiogram of the Ankle and Foot 325

1 Anterior tibial artery 3 Dorsalis pedis artery 2 Posterior tibial artery 4 Plantar artery 326 Venography

Venography Anterior-Posterior Superior Vena Cava Venogram 327

1 Internal jugular vein 9 Azygos vein 2 External jugular vein 10 Superior vena cava 3 Cephalic vein 11 Pulmonary trunk 4 Subclavian vein 12 Right pulmonary artery 5 Left brachiocephalic vein 13 Left pulmonary artery 6 Inferior thyroid vein 14 Infundibulum 7 Venous angle 15 Right atrium 8 Right brachiocephalic vein 16 Right ventricle 328 Venography

Anterior-Posterior Inferior Vena Cava Venogram Anterior-Posterior Inferior Vena Cava Venogram 329

1 Right renal vein 4 Common iliac vein 2 Left renal vein 5 Internal iliac vein 3 Inferior vena cava 6 External iliac vein 330 Venography

Lateral Inferior Vena Cava Venogram Lateral Inferior Vena Cava Venogram 331

1 Renal veins 4 Internal iliac vein 2 Inferior vena cava 5 External iliac vein 3 Common iliac vein 332 Venography

Upper Extremity Venogram of the Axilla Upper Extremity Venogram of the Axilla 333

1 Subclavian vein 4 Cephalic vein 2 Superior vena cava 5 Deep veins of the arm 3 Axillary vein 6 Brachial veins 334 Venography

Upper Extremity Venogram of the Forearm Upper Extremity Venogram of the Forearm 335

4

6

Pronation Supination

1 Humerus 6 Ulna 2 Cephalic vein 7 Radial veins 3 Basilic vein 8 Ulnar veins 4 Brachial vein 9 Median antebrachial vein 5 Median cubital vein 10 Radius 336 Venography

Lower Extremity Venogram Lower Extremity Venogram 337

Internal rotation External rotation

1 Great saphenous vein 7 6XSHUÀFLDOIHPRUDOYHLQ 2 Anterior tibial veins 8 Deep femoral vein 3 Peroneal veins 9 Femoral vein 4 Posterior tibial veins 10 External iliac vein 5 Small saphenous vein 11 Common iliac vein 6 Popliteal vein 12 Inferior vena cava

339

Special Studies

Special Studies ...... 340 340 Special Studies

Special Studies Anterior-Posterior Thoracic Myelogram 341

1 Intervertebral disk 6 Lateral subarachnoid space 2 Spinal cord 7 Extradural space 3 Lateral margin of the dural sac 8 Intramedullary region 4 Nerve root sheath 9 Medullary cone 5 Intradural space 342 Special Studies

Lateral Thoracic Myelogram Lateral Thoracic Myelogram 343

1 Dural sac 5 Medullary cone 2 Posterior subarachnoid space 6 Cauda equina 3 Spinal cord 7 Intervertebral disk 4 Anterior subarachnoid space 344 Special Studies

Anterior-Posterior Lumbar Myelogram Anterior-Posterior Lumbar Myelogram 345

1 Intervertebral disk 4 Nerve root sheath 2 Cauda equina 5 Distal end of the dural sac 3 Spinal nerve root in the subarach- noid space 346 Special Studies

Lateral Lumbar Myelogram Lateral Lumbar Myelogram 347

1 Dural sac 5 Iliac crest 2 Cauda equina 6 Epidural fat 3 Intervertebral disk 7 Sacrum 4 Intervertebral foramen 8 Distal end of the dural sac 348 Special Studies

Oblique Lumbar Myelogram Oblique Lumbar Myelogram 349

1 Dural sac 4 Intervertebral disk L3--4 2 Cauda equina 5 Distal end of the dural sac (usually 3 Nerve root sheath, L3 at the level of S1 or S2) 350 Special Studies

Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase 351

1 Right lumbar trunk 7 Lymph channels of the external 2 Left lumbar trunk iliac lymph nodes 3 Lumbar lymph nodes 8 Lateral lacunar lymph nodes 4 Crossover 9 6XSHUÀFLDOLQJXLQDOO\PSKQRGHV 5 Promontory lymph nodes 10 Deep inguinal lymph nodes 6 Common iliac lymph nodes 352 Special Studies

Oblique Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase Oblique Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Channel Phase 353

1 Right lumbar trunk 8 External and common iliac lymph 2 Left lumbar trunk nodes 3 Lumbar lymph nodes a External chain 4 Crossover b Middle chain 5 Common iliac lymph nodes c Internal chain 6 Promontory lymph nodes 9 Lacunar lymph node 7 Lymph channels connecting the 10 6XSHUÀFLDOLQJXLQDOO\PSKQRGHV internal iliac lymph nodes with the external and common iliac lymph nodes 354 Special Studies

Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Nodal Phase Anterior-Posterior Bipedal Lymphangiogram, Nodal Phase 355

1 Para-aortic lymph nodes (lateral 4 Promontory lymph nodes aortic, preaortic, and retroaortic) 5 External iliac lymph nodes 2 Crossover 6 Internal iliac lymph nodes 3 Common iliac lymph nodes 7 Lacunar lymph node 356 Special Studies

Anterior-Posterior Left Bronchogram Anterior-Posterior Left Bronchogram 357

1+2

I 3

4

5 II

III

6 8

9 10

1 + 2 Apical-posterior segment of the 8 Anterior-medial basal segment of upper lobe the lower lobe 3 Anterior segment of the upper 9 Lateral basal segment of the lobe lower lobe 4 Lingula of the superior segment of 10 Posterior basal segment of the the upper lobe lower lobe 5 Lingula of the inferior segment of the upper lobe I Main bronchus 6 Superior segment of the lower II Lobar bronchus lobe III Segmental bronchus 7 Not present on left side 358 Special Studies

Lateral Left Bronchogram Lateral Left Bronchogram 359

1 + 2 Apical-posterior segment of the 8 Anterior-medial basal segment of upper lobe the lower lobe 3 Anterior segment of the upper 9 Lateral basal segment of the lobe lower lobe 4 Lingula of the superior segment of 10 Posterior basal segment of the the upper lobe lower lobe 5 Lingula of the inferior segment of the upper lobe I Main bronchus 6 Superior segment of the lower II Lobar bronchus lobe III Segmental bronchus 7 Not present on left side 360 Special Studies

Lateral Parotid Sialogram Lateral Parotid Sialogram 361

1 6XSHUÀFLDOOREHRIWKHSDURWLG 4 Intralobular ductal system gland 5 Parotid gland 2 Accessory parotid gland 6 Deep lobe of the parotid gland 3 3DURWLGGXFW 6WHQVHQƞVGXFW (beneath the facial nerve) 362 Special Studies

Anterior-Posterior Parotid Sialogram Anterior-Posterior Parotid Sialogram 363

1 Parotid gland 4 Parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) 2 6XSHUÀFLDOOREHRIWKHSDURWLG 5 Deep lobe of the parotid gland gland (on the facial nerve) (beneath the facial nerve) 3 Intralobular parotid ductal system 6 Mandible 364 Special Studies

Hysterosalpingogram Hysterosalpingogram 365

1 Fundus of the uterus 5 Cervical canal 2 Uterine ostium of the fallopian 6 Fimbriae of the fallopian tube tube 7 Vagina 3 Fallopian tube 8 Instrument 4 Uterine cavity 366 Special Studies

Galactogram Galactogram 367

5

Mediolateral Craniocaudal

1 Skin and subcutaneous tissue 6 Lactiferous sinus 2 Cooper’s ligament 7 Lactiferous duct 3 Subcutaneous fatty tissue 8 Ductules 4 Nipple 9 Lobules 5 Main lactiferous duct posterior to 10 Lobe the nipple 368 Special Studies

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) 369

2 1 3 4

5

8 6 7

10

9 11 12a 12b 12c

12

13 15

16 14

1 Medial branch of the left hepatic 10 Common bile duct duct 11 Papilla of Vater 2 Lateral branch 12 Pancreatic duct 3 Right hepatic duct a Head region 4 Left hepatic duct b Body region 5 Common hepatic duct c Tail region 6 Cystic duct 13 Accessory pancreatic duct 7 Neck of the gallbladder 14 Primary lateral duct 8 Body of the gallbladder 15 Secondary lateral duct 9 Fundus of the gallbladder 16 Tertiary lateral duct

Index 371

A anastomotic vein ascending 213, 217, inferior 287 219, 299 abdomen, radiograph superior 285, 287 descending 209, 213, standing 220–221 angiography 217, 219, 233, 299 supine 222–223 ankle 324–325 pelvic angiogram abdominal aorta 313 aorta, pelvic 316–317 316–317 abdominal fat, subcuta- aortic arch 298–299 aortic arch 211, 213, 217, neous 223 celiac trunk 219, 233, 245 abdominal muscles 223 arterial phase angiogram 298–299 accessory bones, foot 187 304–305 aortic bulb 299 accessory pancreatic duct venous phase aortic valve 211, 213 369 306–307 aortopulmonary window accessory parotid gland cervical vessels 213 361 296–297 appendix 255, 259 acetabulum foot 324–325 arcuate arteries 313 angle of inclination 63 knee 320–321 arcuate eminence 7, convexity 61, 63, 149 leg, lower 322–323 31, 35 floor 69, 71, 149, 151, thigh 318–319 arcuate line 73 155 angle arcuate vein 315 promontory 61, 63, 149 of Citelli 33 arm rim 61 costophrenic 209, 221 deep veins of 333 anterior 69, 71, 149, gastroesophageal 247 upper 151, 153, 155, 157 of inclination (acetabu- anterior-posterior posterior 69, 71, 149, lum) 63 view 112–113 151, 153, 157 of mandible 3, 17, 19, lateral view 114–115 superior 151, 153 21, 23 see also elbow; forearm; roof 69, 71, 73, 149, of scapula shoulder; wrist 153, 155 inferior 83 arteries child 63 superior 89, 91, 97, adrenal, inferior 313 teardrop 61 99, 101, 103, 105, of angular gyrus 281, Achilles tendon 181, 191 107 282 acromioclavicular joint venous 327 arcuate 313 92–95, 101, 107, 109, Wilberg’s center-to- basilar 289, 291 111 corner 63 callosomarginal 281, anterior-posterior 91, angular gyrus, artery of 283 97, 103, 105 281, 282 carotid lateral 99, 115 ankle 147, 178–185, 189 anterior-posterior stress view 89 angiogram 324–325 arteriogram acromion 83, 93, 95, 101, arthrogram 278–279 arterial phase 107, 109, 111, 275 recesses 280–281 anterior-posterior 91, anterior/posterior venous phase 97, 103, 105, 113, 273 279 284–285 lateral 115 supracalcaneal 279 common 297, 299 stress view 89 tendon 279 external 297 adrenal artery, inferior ankle joint space 183, internal 280–285, 313 185, 195, 279 297 air cells anorectal junction 261 lateral arteriogram marginal 33 antebrachial vein, median arterial phase mastoid 7, 29, 31, 33 335 282–283 periantral 33, 37 anterior arch, of atlas venous phase retrofacial 33 47, 49 286–287 retrosinus 37 antrum cerebellar squamous 33 mastoid 31, 33, 35, 37 inferior anterior 289, ampulla of Vater 249, pyloric 249, 251, 253 291 251, 253 aorta inferior posterior anal canal 263 abdominal 313 289, 291 superior 289, 291 vermis branch 289 cerebral 372 Index

anterior 281 interlobular 313 right 211, 219, 233, second segment 281, jejunal 309 235, 301, 327 283 marginal 289 intermediate part third segment 281 meningeal, middle, 211 corpus callosal branch groove of 5 trunk 301 291 mesenteric, superior renal middle 305, 309 arteriogram first segment 281 arteriography arterial phase second segment 281, arterial phase 312–313 283 308–309 venous phase posterior 289, 291 venous phase 314–315 thalamic branches 310–311 left/right 313 291 occipital, medial, cal- segmental 301, 303 cervical, ascending 297 carine branch 289, anterior/posterior 313 choroidal 291 inferior/superior 313 anterior 281, 283 ophthalmic 281, 283 middle 313 lateral/medial/poste- orbital, frontal 281, 283 splenic 305, 313 rior 291 pancreaticoduodenal subclavian 211, 297, colic, middle/right 309 inferior 305, 309 299 communicating (of superior 305 sulcul, precentral 281 cerebrum) paracentral 282 supraduodenal, superior anterior 281 parietal 305 posterior 283, 291 anterior/posterior suprascapular 297 cystic 305 281, 282 temporal, posterior 281, dorsalis pedis 325 internal, inferior/ 282 facial 297 superior 282 temporo-occipital 289, femoral parieto-occipital 289, 291 deep 319 291 thalamoperforate 289 lateral circumflex 319 perforating 319 thoracic, internal 297 ascending/descend- pericallosal 281, 282 thyroid, inferior/supe- ing branches 319 peroneal 321, 323 rior 297 medial circumflex 319 plantar 325 tibial superficial 319, 321 polar anterior 321, 323, 325 fibular, circumflex 323 frontal 281, 282 muscular branch 323 frontal, internal, ante- temporal 281 posterior 321, 323, rior/medial/posterior popliteal 321 325 282 prefrontal 281, 283 vertebral 289, 291, 297, gastric, left/right 305 pulmonary 299 gastroduodenal 305 apical branch 301, 303 anterior-posterior gastroepiploic, right 305 apicoposterior branch arteriogram genicular 303 arterial phase descending 321 arteriography 288–289 inferior medial 321 arterial phase venous phase middle 321 300–301 292–293 superior lateral 321 venous phase lateral arteriogram superior medial 321 302–303 arterial phase gluteal, inferior/superior left 211, 217, 219, 290–291 317 301, 327 venous phase hepatic lingular branch 301 294–295 common 305 lobar branch see also aorta proper, left/right inferior 211, 233, arteriography branches 305 235, 301 carotid artery, internal ileal 309 inferior right 217 anterior-posterior ileocolic 309 middle 235, 301 arterial phase superior 235 280–281 main 211, 213, 217 Index 373

venous phase thoracic, inferior/supe- brachiocephalic vein 211 284–285 rior 51, 53 left/right 327 lateral articular tubercle 33 breast arterial phase arytenoid cartilages 229 ductules 367 282–283 ascending aorta 213, 217, galactogram 366–367 venous phase 219, 299 lobe 367 286–287 atlantoaxial joint 11, 45 lobules 367 mesenteric artery, atlas 49 contour 225, 227 superior anterior arch 47, 49 shadow 209 arterial phase posterior arch 7, 47 skin 225, 227, 367 308–309 atrium subcutaneous fat 225, venous phase left 211, 213, 303 227, 367 310–311 right 211, 217, 219, 301, subcutaneous tissue pulmonary artery 303, 327 367 arterial phase auditory canal veins 225, 227 300–301 external 33, 37 bronchogram, left venous phase external opening 5 anterior-posterior 302–303 internal 3, 7, 11, 29, 31, 356–357 renal artery 33, 35 lateral 358–359 arterial phase auditory vestibule 31, 35 bronchus 217 312–313 axilla, venogram 332–333 intermediate 209, 233, venous phase axillary recess 273, 275 235 314–315 axillary vein 333 lobar 357, 359 vertebral artery axis 243 lower lobe 213, 235 anterior-posterior body of 47 left/right 233 arterial phase dens of 3, 29, 43, 45, segmental 235 288–289 231 main 357, 359 venous phase azygoesophageal stripe left 209, 219, 233 292–293 209 right 219, 233 lateral azygos vein 211, 233, 327 middle lobe 233, 235 arterial phase right main 209 290–291 segmental 357, 359 B venous phase upper lobe 294–295 basal vein left/right 213, 233 arthrography common/inferior 303 origin of 235 ankle 278–279 of Rosenthal 285, 287, knee 276–277 295 C shoulder basilar artery 289, 291 anterior-posterior basilic vein 335 calcaneocuboid joint 189, 272–273 biceps muscle, tendon 201 oblique 274–275 sheath of long head 273, calcaneus bone wrist 275 anterior-posterior 187, lateral 270–271 biceps tendon, insertion 197 posterior-anterior of 275 arthrogram 279 268–269 bicipital groove 93, 95, lateral 177, 181, 189, articular facet, inferior/ 103, 107, 109, 111, 113 190–191 superior 47 bile duct, common 267, oblique 183, 185, 199 articular pillar 47 369 peroneal trochlea 193 articular processes bipedal lymphangiogram posterior tuberosity cervical anterior-posterior 181, 189, 191, 193 inferior/superior 49 channel phase lateral/medial pro- overlapping 45 350–351 cesses 193 lumbar, inferior/superior nodal phase 354–355 standing position 195 55, 57, 59 oblique, channel phase sustentaculum tali 191, sacral 352–353 193 inferior 75, 237 brachial veins 333, 335 tangential view superior 75 brachiocephalic trunk 192–193 297, 299 374 Index

callosomarginal artery cerebellar artery child 281, 283 inferior, anterior/poste- acetabulum roof 63 canine teeth 21, 23 rior 289, 291 femur, epiphysis 63 capitate bone 137, 139, superior 289, 291 ilium 63 141 vermis branch 289 ischium 63 anterior-posterior 129, cerebellar veins pelvis, anterior-posterior 133 hemispheric 293 62–63 lateral 135 inferior 293, 295 pubic bone 63 oblique 131, 143 superior 295 tibial apophysis, proxi- capitellum, humerus 115, precentral 295 mal 177 117, 121, 123, 125 cerebral artery cholangiopancreatogra- capsular recesses, inferior/ anterior 281 phy, endoscopic retro- superior 277 second segment 281, grade (ERCP) 368–369 cardia 247 283 cholecystochlolangiogra- carotid arteries third segment 281 phy 266–267 common 297, 299 corpus callosal branch Chopart’s joint 187, 203 exernal 297 291 choroidal arteries internal 280–287, 297 middle anterior 281, 283 anterior-posterior first segment 281 lateral/medial/posterior arteriogram second segment 281, 291 arterial phase 283 Citelli, angle of 33 280–281 posterior 289, 291 clavicle 51, 101, 107, 109, venous phase thalamic branches 291 111, 275 284–285 cerebral veins acromioclavicular joint lateral arteriogram great, of Galen 285, 287, 93, 95 arterial phase 295 anterior-posterior 85, 282–283 internal 285, 287, 295 90–91, 97, 103, 105, venous phase superior 293 113, 273 286–287 cerebrum, communicating conoid tubercle 91, 95 carpal bones 125, 127 artery distal end 83, 99 proximal row 125, 127 anterior 281 posterior-anterior 209 carpal tunnel 136–137 posterior 283, 291 proximal 89, 91 carpometacarpal joint cervical artery, ascend- sternal end, lateral 87, 133, 143 ing 297 115 cartilages cervical canal 365 stress view 89 arytenoid 229 cervical spine 44–49, clinoid processes, ante- knee 277 89, 243 rior/posterior 5, 39 nasal 25 intervertebral disk space clivus 39 thyroid 229, 231 45, 47 coccyx 65, 261 triangular fibrocartilage, intervertebral facet anterior-posterior 61, wrist 269 joint 47 75, 78–79 triradiate line 63 intervertebral foramen cornu of 75, 79 cauda equina 343, 345, 49 Guthmann’s view 67 347, 349 cervical vertebrae see lateral 77, 80–81 cavernous sinus 295 vertebrae cochlea 29, 31, 35 anterior/posterior drain- cervical vessels, angi- colic arteries, middle/ age 287 ogram, anterior-posteri- right 309 cecum 255, 257, 259 or 296–297 colic vein, right 311 celiac trunk 305 chest colon 253 angiogram anterior oblique ascending 257, 259 arterial phase left 218–219 contrast studies 304–305 right 216–217 258–259 venous phase lateral 212–213 descending 259 306–307 posterior-anterior haustra 257, 259 cephalic vein 327, 333, 208–211 hepatic flexure 259 335 wall 214 sigmoid 259 splenic flexure 259 gas in 221 Index 375

transverse 259 costophrenic angle 209, hepatic gas in 221 221 common 267, 369 communicating artery of costotransverse joint 83, left 369 cerebrum 91 lateral/medial anterior 281 costovertebral articula- branches 369 posterior 283, 291 tion 83 right 369 condylar process, man- cranial fossa lactiferous 225, 227, dible 3 anterior, floor of 39 367 FRQÁXHQFHRIVLQXVHV middle main 367 293, 295 anterior wall 29 lateral, primary/second- conoid tubercle 91, 95 greater wing 29 ary/tertiary 369 contrast studies cribiform plate 5 pancreatic arthrography 268–279 crista galli 11 accessory 369 colon 258–259 cubital tunnel 121 body/head/tail regions defecography 262–263 cubital vein, median 335 369 duodenum 250–251 cuboid bone parotid 361, 363 esophagus 244–247 anterior-posterior 187, intralobular system gastrointestinal system 197, 201 363 240–263 lateral 181, 189, 191 Stensen’s 361, 363 hypopharynx oblique 183, 185, 199, ductules, breast 367 anterior-posterior 203 GXRGHQRMHMXQDOÁH[XUH 240–241 secondary 187 253 lateral 242–243 cuneiform bones duodenum 249 intravenous 264–267 lateral 183, 187, 189, ascending 253 cholecystochlolangio- 197, 199, 201, 203 contrast studies gram 266–267 medial 181, 183, 187, 250–251 urogram 264–265 189, 197, 199, 201, 203 descending 251, 253 rectum 260–261 middle 183, 187, 189, horizontal part 253 small bowel 252–255 197, 199, 201, 203 dural sac 343, 347, 349 stomach 246–253 cuneonavicular joint 189, distal end 345, 349 venography 326–337 199 lateral margin 341 see also arteriography; cystic artery 305 arthrography cystic duct 267, 369 E Cooper’s ligaments 225, 227 ear D coracoid 89 auditory canal coracoid process 83, 101, defecography 262–263 external 33, 37 107, 109, 111, 115 deltoid tuberosity 113 opening 5 acromioclavicular joint dens 7, 11 internal 3, 7, 11, 29, view 93, 95 of the axis 3, 29, 43, 31, 33, 35 anterior-posterior 91, 45, 231 cochlea 29, 31, 35 97, 103, 105 dentin 23 inner 31 arthrography 273, 275 descending aorta 209, outer 33 coronal suture 5 213, 217, 219, 233, 299 semicircular canals 7, coronoid fossa 115, 119, diaphragm 51, 53, 209, 29 127 217, 221 anterior 31, 35 coronoid process insertions 209 lateral 31, 35 mandible 5, 17, 19, diploe 5 tympanic cavity 31, 21, 29 disk, intervertebral see 35, 37 end view 27 intervertebral disk roof of 35 ulna 115, 117, 119, 123, disk space, intervertebral elbow 125, 127 see intervertebral disk anterior-posterior corpus callosal branch, space 116–117 cerebral artery 291 dorsalis pedis artery 325 axial 120–121 costal arch 83 dorsum sellae 31, 39 lateral 118–119 costal notch 85 duct enamel 23 costodiaphragmatic recess bile, common 267, 369 209, 221 cystic 267, 369 376 Index

endoscopic retrograde medial to iliopsoas 61, proximal third 147, 161 cholangiopancreatogra- 149 shaft 159, 169, 171 phy (ERCP) 368–369 femoral arteries ÀEXOD epidural fat 345 deep 319 anterior-posterior 147, epiglottis 231, 241, 245 lateral circumflex 319 163, 175, 179 esophageal hiatus 247 ascending/descending cortex 177 esophagus 231, 241, 243 branch 319 head of 167 abdominal 247, 249 medial circumflex 319 anterior-posterior aortic segment 245 superficial 319, 321 159, 163, 175 body of 245 femoral vein 337 apex 161 bronchial segment 245 deep/superficial 337 lateral view 161, 165, contrast studies femur 67 177 244–247 anterior-posterior 61, rotational view 169, distal 247 63, 147, 149, 163 171 epiphrenic segment 245 condyle lateral view 161, 177, interbronchial segment lateral 167, 173 181 245 anterior-posterior medullary canal 177 paratracheal segment 147, 159, 163, 175 neck of 165, 167, 175 245 lateral view 161, oblique 183, 185, 189 retrocardiac segment 165, 177 shaft 169, 171 245 rotational view 169, see also malleolus, sphincter, upper 245 171 lateral ethmoid sinus 3, 5, 13, medial 167, 173 ÀEXODUDUWHU\FLUFXPÁH[ 15, 41 anterior-posterior 323 anterior 9, 11 147, 159, 163, 175 ÀPEULDHIDOORSLDQWXEH posterior 9 lateral view 161, 177 365 ethmoidal groove 25 rotational view 169, ÀQJHUV² extensor recess, wrist 271 171 in two planes 144–145 external auditory canal cortex 159, 161 ÀVVXUH 33, 37 distal third 147, 161 orbital, superior 13, 15 opening 5 epicondyles, lateral/me- sphenopetrosal 35 extradural space 341 dial 159, 163, 167 ÁH[RUUHFHVVZULVW epiphysis, child 63 foot 186–205 growth plate 163 accessory bones 187 F Guthmann’s view 67 angiogram 324–325 facet joints head 65, 69, 71, 151, anterior-posterior cervical spine 47, 49 157, 261 186–187 lumbar spine 55 anterior-posterior 75, lateral view 188–189 thoracic spine 53 147, 149 sesamoid bones 187, facial artery 297 articular surface 189, 201, 203, 205 facial bones, pantomo- anterior 153 foramen gram 22–23 posterior 155 infraorbital 9 facial nerve 361, 363 fovea 149 intervertebral fallopian tube 365 Guthmann’s view 67 cervical spine 49 fimbriae 365 tangential views lumbar spine 55, 57, uterine ostium 365 (Schneider) 151–155 59, 347 fat intercondylar fossa 161, thoracic spine 53 epidural 347 167, 169, 171, 173 jugular 7 knee, posterior to 165 lateral view 161, 165, mandibular 19 preperitoneal 223 167 mental 19, 21, 23 subcutaneous medial third 161 obturator 61, 69, 71, abdominal 223 medullary canal 159 147, 149, 157 breast 225, 227, 367 middle third 147 Guthmann’s view 67 fat pad, intrapatellar 165 neck 61, 149, 151, 153, Laurenstein view 151 fat stripe 155, 157 Schneider view 153 intergluteal 149 obturator view 71 Shenton’s line 63 medial to gluteus mini- Shenton’s line 63 sacral 55, 73, 75, 79, 237 mus 61, 149 tooth, apical 19, 23 foramen lacerum 29 Index 377 foramen magnum 5, 7, gastric bubble 209, 213, haustra, of colon 257, 259 31, 45 217, 219, 221 heart, posterior-anterior foramen ovale 9, 29 gastric folds, posterior radiograph 210–211 foramen rotundum 9, 13 wall 249 hemidiaphragm forearm 124–127 gastroduodenal artery left 213, 219 distal/middle/proximal 305 right 213, 219 thirds 125, 127 gastroepiploic artery, right hepatic artery venogram, pronation/ 305 common 305 supination 334–335 gastroesophageal angle proper, left/right branch forefoot 200–203 247 305 fossa gastrointestinal sys- hepatic duct coronoid 115, 119, 127 tem, contrast studies common 267, 369 cranial 240–263 left 369 anterior, floor of 39 genicular artery lateral/medial branch- middle 29 descending 321 es 369 anterior wall 29 inferior medial 321 right 369 greater wing 29 middle 321 Hilgrenreiner’s line 63 glenoid 91, 95, 101, 103, superior lateral 321 hindfoot, standing patient 107, 111, 115 superior medial 321 194–195 articular surface 89 gland, parotid 361, 363 hip intercondylar 161, 167, accessory 361 anterior-posterior 43, 169, 171 deep lobe 361, 363 75, 148–149 olecranon 113, 115, 117, sialogram 360–363 axial view 156–157 119, 123, 125, 127 superficial lobe 361, joint space 67, 147 pituitary 5, 39, 41 363 lateral view 77 popliteal 161 glandular tissue, breast Lauenstein view pterygoid 29 225, 227 150–151 pterygopalatine 23, 29 glenohumeral joint 107 humeroradial joint 117, subarcuate 35 glenoid fossa 91, 95, 101, 119, 123, 125 supraspinatus 101 103, 107, 111, 115 humeroulnar joint 117, of Sylvius, veins of 285, articular surface 89 119, 123, 125 287 glenoid labrum 103, 273, humerus 89, 111, 123 temperomandibular 275 anterior-posterior 113, joint 33 glossoepiglottic fold, 117, 125 temporal 27 lateral 241, 245 axial view 107, 121 Frik tunnel view 166–167 gluteal artery, inferior/ bicipital groove 93, 95, frontal artery, internal, superior 317 103, 107, 109, 111, 113 anterior/medial/poste- gluteus minimus, fat capitellum 115, 117, rior 282 stripe medial to 61, 149 121, 123, 125 frontal sinus 3, 5, 9, 11, gonad shield 43 coronoid fossa 115, 119, 13, 15, 31, 41 great toe 204–205 127 frontal veins 285 distal interphalangeal cortex 105, 115 ascending 287 joint 187 deltoid tuberosity 113 frontonasal suture 25 distal phalanx 187 distal third 115 frontozygomatic suture 3 epicondyle lateral 113, 117, 119, H 121, 123, 125 G hamate bone 129, 131, medial 113, 117, 119, galactogram 366–367 133, 137, 139, 141, 143 121, 123, 125 Galen, great cerebral vein hook 133, 135, 137 apex of 117 285, 287, 295 hand head of 83, 89, 101, 107, gallbladder anterior-posterior view 109, 111 body of 267, 369 128–129 acromioclavicular joint fundus 267, 369 oblique view 130–131 view 93, 95 neck of 267, 369 sesamoid bones 129, anterior-posterior 91, gastric artery, left/right 131, 143 97, 103, 105, 113 305 see also fingers lateral view 115 hard palate 5, 13, 23 378 Index

lateral view 119, 127 iliac spine thoracic spine 53 medial third 115 anterior intervertebral facet joints metaphysis 105 inferior 67, 69, 149, cervical spine 47, 49 neck 151, 153, 157 lumbar spine 55 anatomical 103, 113 superior 61, 65, 67, 69, thoracicl spine 53 surgical 103, 105, 111, 149, 151, 153, 155 intervertebral foramen 113 posterior cervical spine 49 olecranon fossa 113, inferior 61, 65, 75, 237 lumbar spine 55, 57, 115, 117, 119, 123, superior 61, 65, 75, 59, 347 125, 127 237 thoracic spine 53 proximal third 115 iliac vein intradural space 341 shaft 99, 101, 115 common 329, 331, 337 intralobular ductal system trochlea 113, 115, 117, external 329, 331, 337 (parotid) 361 121, 123, 125, 127 internal 329, 331 intramedullary region lateral/medial margins iliac wing 61, 65, 69, 73, 341 117 75, 237 intrapatellar fat pad 165 tubercle ilioischial line 149 intravenous contrast greater 89, 93, 95, 103, iliopectinal line 71 studies 264–267 107, 109, 111, 113 iliopsoas, fat stripe medial cholecystochlolangio- crest of 109 to 61, 149 gram 266–267 lesser 89, 93, 95, 103, iliopubic line 65 urogram 264–265 107, 109, 111, 113, ilium 43, 73, 153, 221, ischium 147, 151, 153, 115 223, 237 155 venogram 335 of child 63 body of 67 see also coracoid pro- incisor teeth 21, 23 child 63 cess infraorbital foramen 9 lateral view 81 hyoid bone 23, 231, 243 infundibulum 217, 327 posterior column 69, 71, hypopharynx inguinal lymph nodes 149, 151 anterior-posterior deep 351 spine of 65, 69, 149, 240–241 superficial 351, 353 151, 153, 155 lateral 242–243 innominate line 3, 11, 13 anterior-posterior hysterosalpingogram interarytenoid notch 229 view 61, 75 364–365 intercavernous sinus 285 Guthmann’s view 67 intercondylar fossa 161, lateral view 77, 81 167, 169, 171 tuberosity 65, 67, 71, I intergluteal fat stripe 149 151, 153, 157 ileal arteries 309 interlobular arteries 313 anterior-posterior 61, ileal veins 311 interlobular vein 315 147, 149 ileocecal region, spot internal auditory canal 3, images 256–257 7, 11, 29, 31, 33, 35 J ileocecal valve 257, 259 interosseous membrane ileocolic artery 309 125, 127, 167, 175 jaw bones ileocolic vein 311 interphalangeal joint pantomogram 22–23 ileum 253, 255, 257 distal 129, 131, 145, see also mandible; terminal 257 187, 201, 203, 205 maxilla iliac bone 155 great toe 205 jejunal arteries 309 iliac crest 61, 65, 69, 221, proximal 129, 131, 145, jejunal veins 311 223 187, 201, 203, 205 jejunum 253, 255 Guthmann’s view 67 intertarsal joint 201, 203 joint space lateral view 57, 77, 81 intertrochanteric crest 61, ankle 183, 185, 195, 279 myelogram 345 149, 153, 155 hip 67, 147 iliac lymph channels 353 intertubercular sheath knee 147, 169, 171 iliac lymph nodes 273, 275 joints common 351, 353, 355 intervertebral disk 341, acromioclavicular 92– external 353, 355 343, 345, 347 95, 101, 107, 109, 111 lymph channels of 351 L3-4 349 anterior-posterior 91, internal 353, 355 intervertebral disk space 97, 103, 105 cervical spine 45, 47 lateral 99, 115 lumbar spine 55, 57, 59 stress view 89 Index 379 atlantoaxial 11, 45 talocalcaneonavicular L calcaneocuboid 189, 189, 199, 201, 203 Labbé, vein of 287 201 talocrural 183, 185, 195 lactiferous duct 225, 227, carpometacarpal 133, talonavicular 181 367 143 tarsal, transverse 187, lactiferous sinus 367 Chopart’s 187, 203 203 lacunar lymph nodes 353, costotransverse 83, 91 tarsometatarsal 187, 355 cuneonavicular 189, 189, 199, 203, 205 lateral 351 199 temperomandibular 7, lambdoid suture 3, 5, 7 facet 19, 21 lamina, spinal 47, 59 cervical spine 49 fossa 33 larynx 243 lumbar spine 55 tibiofibular 161, 169, ventricle 229, 231, 243 thoracic spine 53 279 vestibule 229, 231 glenohumeral 107 uncovertebral 45 lateral ducts, primary/sec- humeroradial 117, 119, see also ankle; elbow; ondary/tertiary 369 123, 125 hip; knee; shoulder; lateral malleolus see humeroulnar 117, 119, wrist malleolus, lateral 123, 125 jugular foramen 7 leg interphalangeal jugular veins angiograms 318–325 distal 129, 131, 145, bulb of 293 full-length anterior-pos- 187, 201, 203, 205 external 327 terior view 146–147 great toe 205 internal 287, 327 lower 174–177 proximal 129, 131, junction angiogram 322–323 145, 187, 201, 203, anorectal 261 distal third 147, 177 205 ileum and jejunum 255 medial third 147 intertarsal 201, 203 rectosigmoid 261 middle third 177 intervertebral facet proximal third 147, cervical spine 47, 49 K 177 lumbar spine 55 venogram, rotational thoracic spine 53 kidney views 336–337 Lisfranc’s 187, 203 calyces, inferior/middle/ see also ankle; hip; metacarpophalangeal superior 265 knee; thigh 129, 131, 143, 145 left 223, 265 ligaments metatarsophalangeal pelvis 265 Cooper’s 225, 227 187, 189, 201, 203, 205 pole, inferior/superior patellar 165 patellofemoral 161, 173 265 line radiocarpal 125, 127, right 223, 265 arcuate 73 133, 143 knee 162–165, 177 Hilgrenreiner’s 63 radioulnar 133 angiogram 320–321 ilioischial 149 distal 125, 129 arthrogram 276–277 iliopectinal 71 proximal 117, 123, capsular recess, inferior/ iliopubic 65 125 superior 277 innominate 3, 11, 13 sacroiliac 69, 71, 151, cartilage 277 paravertebral 51 153, 155 forty-five-degree rota- Perkin’s 63 anterior aspect 237 tion views 168–171 Shenton’s 63 anterior-posterior 43, Frik tunnel view terminal 149 55, 61, 75, 149 166–167 triradiate cartilage 63 middle portion 237 joint space 147, 169, Lisfranc’s joints 187, 203 thirty-degree anterior 171 liver 223, 307 oblique view 72–73 meniscus 277 inferior margin 221 tomogram 236–237 popliteal bursa 277 lobe, breast 367 sternoclavicular 85, 93 posterior fat 165 lobules of breast 367 subtalar 177, 183, 185, .|KOHU·VWHDUGURSÀJXUH contour 225, 227 191, 199 149 lower extremeties talocalcaneal 183, 185 skeletal imaging 146–205 see also ankle; foot; knee; leg; thigh 380 Index

lumbar lymph nodes 351, apical-posterior seg- medial 195, 279 353 ment 215, 357, 359 anterior-posterior lumbar lymphangiogra- apical segment 215 147, 175, 179, 187, phy, anterior-posterior axillary subsegment 197 channel phase 350–351 215 lateral view 177, 181 nodal phase 354–355 left 217 oblique view 183, 185 lumbar myelography lingula segment mammography anterior-posterior inferior 357, 359 craniocaudal 224–225 344–345 superior 357 mediolateral 226–227 lateral 346–347 posterior segment 215 mandible 9, 49 oblique 348–349 upper region 214 angle of 3, 17, 19, 21, 23 lumbar spine 43, 54–59 lungs, posterior border anterior-posterior 229, intervertebral disk space between 209 363 55, 57, 59 lymph channels, of exter- Clementschitsch view intervertebral foramen nal iliac lymph nodes 20–21 57, 59, 347 351 condylar process 3 myelography 344–349 lymph nodes condyle 7, 9, 19, 21, 31, lumbar vertebrae see iliac 33, 35, 37 vertebrae common 351, 353, coronoid process 5, 17, lunate bone 127, 137, 355 19, 21, 29 139, 141 external 353, 355 end view 27 anterior-posterior 125, lymph channels of lateral view 5, 47, 231, 129, 133 351 243 lateral view 135 internal 353, 355 posterior-anterior 3 oblique view 131, 143 inguinal ramus 17, 18–19, 21 lung deep 351 cortex 19 apex 209 superficial 351, 353 spot view 229, 231 curve of 209 lacunar 353, 355 mandibular canal 3, 19, left 209, 217, 219 lateral 351 21, 23 lower lobe lumbar 351, 353 mandibular foramen 19 basal segment para-aortic, lateral manubrium, of sternum anterior 215 aortic/preaortic/retro- 85, 87, 93 anterior-medial 357, aortic 355 marginal air cells 33 359 promontory 351, 353, marginal artery 289 lateral 215, 357, 359 355 mastoid posterior 215, 357, lymph tracts antrum 31, 33, 35, 37 359 iliac channels 353 apex 37 medial segment 215 lumbar trunk, left/right process 3 superior segment 215, 351, 353 mastoid air cells 7, 29, 357, 359 lymphangiography, bi- 31, 33 lower region 214 pedal 350–355 maxilla 3, 16–17, 21, 25 middle lobe anterior-posterior alveolar process 9 lateral segment 215 channel phase alveolar recess 9, 23 lingular segment, infe- 350–351 lateral wall 17 rior/superior 215 nodal phase 354–355 maxillary sinus 9, 11, 15, medial segment 215 oblique, channel phase 17, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31 middle region 214 352–353 lateral view 5 pericardial region 214 medial wall 41 perihilar region 214 posterior-anterior 3, 13 M right 209, 217, 219 posterior wall 29 right hilum, lateral malleolus 199 zygomatic recess 27 tomogram 234–235 lateral 193, 195, 279 medial malleolus see segments of 214–215 anterior-posterior malleolus, medial supradiaphragmatic 147, 175, 179, 187, mediastinum region 214 197 anterior, inferior/supe- upper lobe lateral view 177, 181, rior 214 anterior segment 215, 191 middle 214 357, 359 oblique view 183, 185 posterior 214 Index 381 medullary cone 341, 343 myelography 341–349 occipital bone 7, 45 meningeal artery, middle, lumbar occipital crest 7 groove of 5 anterior-posterior internal 35 meniscus 344–345 occipital protuberance knee 277 lateral 346–347 external 7 wrist 269, 271 oblique 348–349 internal 7, 35 mental foramen 19, 21, 23 thoracic occipital sinus 287 mental protuberance 3, anterior-posterior occipital veins 287 19, 21 340–341 occiput 3 mesenteric artery, supe- lateral 342–343 odontoid process 47, 49 rior 305, 309 olecranon 121, 123 arteriography anterior-posterior 113, N arterial phase 117, 125 308–309 nasal bones 5, 9, 25 lateral view 115, 119, venous phase inferior 3 127 310–311 nasal cartilage 25 olecranon fossa 113, 115, mesenteric vein 307 nasal cavities 11, 21, 31 117, 119, 123, 125, 127 superior 311 nasal septum 3, 9, 11, 13, ophthalmic artery 281, metacarpal bones 129, 17, 29, 31, 41 283 131, 135, 139, 141, 145 nasal sinuses optic canal 15 base 129, 131 occipitofrontal view oral cavity 231 fifth 133, 143 10–11 orbit 9, 13, 29 base/head/shaft 143 Waters view 8–9 floor of 13, 17 fourth 143 nasal spine, anterior 17, lateral wall 11, 13, 15 heads of 129, 131 25 see also zygomatic oblique view 142–143 nasal turbinates 41 bone third 143 nasomaxillary suture 25 medial wall 41 metacarpophalangeal nasopharynx 5 posterior-anterior view joint 129, 131, 143, 145 posterior 231 12–13 metatarsal bones 183, navicular bone Rhese view 14–15 187, 189, 201, 203 anterior-posterior 187, roof of 3, 11, 13, 15, anterior-posterior view 197, 201 31, 39 196–197 lateral view 177, 181, orbital artery, frontal 281, fifth 195 189, 191 283 base of oblique view 183, 185, RUELWDOÀVVXUHVXSHULRU anterior-posterior 199, 203 13, 15 187, 197, 201 nerve, facial 361, 363 orbital plate 13, 41 lateral view 181, nerve root, spinal 345 oropharynx 243 189, 191 nerve root sheath 341, os frontale 4 oblique view 199, 345 os intermetatarseum 187 203 L3 349 os occipitale 4 first 205 nipple 225, 227, 367 os parietale 4 head 187 nose 24–25 os peroneum 187 oblique view 198–199 vestibule 25 os sphenoidale 4 metatarsophalangeal joint os supratalare 187 187, 189, 201, 203, 205 os temporale 4 O middle meningeal artery, os tibiale externum 187 groove of 5 obturator foramen 61, 69, os trigonum 191 mitral valve 211, 213 71, 147, 149, 157 os vesalianum 187 molar teeth 21, 23 Guthmann’s view 67 os zygomaticum 4 muscles Laurenstein view 151 osseous hemithorax abdominal 223 Schneider view 153 82–83 biceps, tendon sheath of Shenton’s line 63 osseous labyrinth 37 long head 273, 275 obturator internus muscle osseous sinus, wall 37 obturator internus 61, 61, 223 223 occipital artery, medial, psoas 55, 223 calcarine branch 289, margin 221, 265 291 puborectalis 263 382 Index

P sacral spine 237 middle 187, 189, 201, thoracic spine 51 203, 205 Paccionian granulations 3 pelvic region 60–81 proximal 187, 189, pancreatic duct pelvis 201, 203, 205 accessory 369 anterior-posterior head 187 body/head/tail regions 60–61 pharynx 241 369 aortic angiogram piriform recess 229, 241, pancreaticoduodenal 316–317 243, 245 artery child, anterior-posterior inferior posterior mar- inferior 305, 309 62–63 gin 231 superior 305 Guthmann’s view 66–67 pisiform bone 137, 139, pantomogram, facial/jaw iliac wing view 68–69 143 bones 22–23 inlet view 64–65 anterior-posterior 125, papilla of Vater 251, 369 obturator view 70–71 129, 133 para-aortic lymph nodes, Perkin’s line 63 lateral view 127, 135 lateral aortic/preaortic/ perforating artery 319 special view 140–141 retroaortic 355 periantral air cells 33, 37 pituitary fossa 5, 39, 41 paraaortic stripe 209 pericallosal artery 281, plantar aponeurosis 191 paracentral artery 282 282 plantar artery 325 paraspinal stripe 209 Perkin’s line 63 plexus, pterygoid 287 paratracheal stripe, right peroneal artery 321, 323 polar artery 209 peroneal trochlea 193 frontal 281, 282 paravertebral line 51 peroneal veins 337 temporal 281 parietal artery peroneus longus tendon, popliteal artery 321 anterior/posterior 281, groove for 193 popliteal bursa 277 282 petrosal sinus popliteal fossa 161 internal, inferior/supe- inferior 285, 287, 293, popliteal vein 337 rior 282 295 portal vein 307, 311 parietal bone, inner/outer superior 287, 293, 295 left/right branches 311 tables 5 petrosal vein 293 posterior arch of the atlas parietal vein 285, 287 petrous bone 7 7, 47 parieto-occipital artery anterior margin 33 prefrontal arteries 281, 289, 291 apex 33, 37 283 parotid duct 361, 363 Mayer view 36–37 premolar teeth 21, 23 intralobular system 363 posterior margin 37 preperitoneal fat 223 parotid gland 361, 363 Schüller view 32–33 promontory accessory 361 Stenvers view 34–35 acetabulum 61, 63, 149 deep lobe 361, 363 petrous portion, temporal sacrum 57, 67, 77, 237 sialogram, lateral bone 5, 15 promontory lymph nodes 360–363 petrous pyramid, apex 35 351, 353, 355 superficial lobe 361, petrous ridge 3, 9, 11, psoas muscle 55, 223 363 13, 39 margin 221, 265 patella 147, 159, 161, 163, Altschul view 30–31 pterygoid fossa 29 165, 167 phalanx pterygoid plexus 287 articular surface 173 finger pterygoid process 23 lateral margin 171 distal 129, 145 pterygopalatine fossa medial margin 169 distal (tuft) 129, 145 23, 29 multipartite 172 middle 129, 145 pubic bone 147, 151, 155, views of 172–173 head 129 157 Wilberg’s shape classifi- proximal 129, 131, anterior column 69, 71, cation 172 133, 135, 143, 145 149, 151, 153 patellar ligament 165 base 129, 131, 145 child 63 patellofemoral joint 161, head 131, 145 pubic ramus 173 toe inferior 61, 65, 67, 71, pedicle base 187 151 cervical spine 45, 49 distal 187, 189, 201, superior 61, 65, 67, 75, contralateral 49 203, 205 79, 149, 151 lumbar spine 43, 55, 59 distal (tuft) 187, 205 Index 383 pubic symphysis 61, 65, radioulnar joint 133 S 67, 79 distal 125, 129 puborectalis muscle 263 proximal 117, 123, 125 sacral ala 65, 75, 237 pulmonary artery radius 121, 139, 141 sacral canal 77, 81 apical branch 301, 303 anterior-posterior 113, sacral crest apicoposterior branch 117, 125, 133 lateral 75, 79, 81 303 distal 129, 131 median 75, 77, 79, 81 arteriography head of 113, 115, 117, sacral foramina 55, 73, 75, arterial phase 119, 121, 123, 125, 127 79, 237 300–301 lateral arthrogram 271 sacral hiatus 75, 79 venous phase lateral view 115, 119, sacroiliac joint 69, 71, 302–303 127 151, 153, 155 left 211, 217, 219, 301, neck of 117, 123, 125, anterior aspect 237 327 127 anterior-posterior 43, lingular branch 301 oblique view 122–123, 55, 61, 75, 149 lobar branch 143 middle portion 237 inferior 211, 233, 235, styloid 125, 129, 131, thirty-degree anterior 301 133, 135, 139, 143 oblique view 72–73 right 217 tuberosity 119, 123, 125 tomogram 236–237 middle 235, 301 venogram 335 sacrum 65, 67, 69, 221, superior 235 rectal fold, transverse 261 223, 261 main 211, 213, 217 rectal gas 81 ala 65, 75, 237 right 211, 219, 233, 235, rectosigmoid junction anterior aspect 237 301, 327 261 anterior-posterior 43, intermediate part 211 rectum 259 55, 61, 74–75, 149 trunk 301 ampulla 261, 263 cornu 75, 77, 79, 81 pulmonary hilum tomo- contrast studies lateral part of 73 gram 232–233 260–261 lateral view 57, 76–77, pulmonary trunk 327 renal arteries 331 81 pulmonary valve 211, 213 arteriogram myelogram 345 pulmonary veins 213, arterial phase promontory 57, 67, 77, 217, 233 312–313 237 inferior 303 venous phase sagittal sinus left/ right 217 314–315 inferior 287 left 219 left/right 313 superior 285, 287 right 219 renal veins 331 sagittal suture 3 superior 303 left/right 315, 329 saphenous veins, great/ pulp cavity 19, 23 superior branch 315 small 337 pylorus 249, 251 retrocardiac space 213 scaphoid bone 137, antrum 249, 251, 253 retrofacial air cells 33 138–139, 141 retropharyngeal space anterior-posterior 125, 231 129, 133 R retrorectal space 261 lateral view 127, 135 radial veins 335 retrosinus air cells 37 oblique view 131, 143 radiocarpal joint 125, retrosternal space 87, 213 scapula 96–97, 103, 107, 127, 133, 143 ribs 43, 49, 59, 97, 101 111, 213 radiographs first 45, 51 articular surface 97 abdomen tubercle 51 costal surface 101 standing 220–221 head 51, 53, 83 glenoid fossa 91, 95, supine 222–223 neck 51, 83 101, 103, 107, 111, 115 chest twelfth 265 articular surface 89 anterior oblique view rima glottidis 229 glenoid labrum 103, left 218–219 root canal 19, 23 273, 275 right 216–217 root of the tooth 23 glenoid process 89 lateral view 212–213 Rosenthal, basal vein of inferior angle 83, 99, posterior-anterior 285, 287, 295 101 208–211 routine radiography lateral process (neck) lung, segments of 208–223 97, 113 214–215 384 Index

lateral view 98–99 sigmoid sinus 37, 285, posterior (Towne) view margins 287, 293, 295 6–7 inferior 97 sulcus 33 see also mandible; lateral/medial 89, 97, sinus tarsi 181, 191, 199 maxilla; nasal sinuses; 103 sinuses orbit; petrous bone; neck of 107 cavernous 295 sella turcica posterior surface 101 anterior/posterior small bowel spine of 89, 91, 97, 101, drainage 287 contrast studies 103, 105 confluence of 287, 293, 252–255 superior angle 89, 91, 295 gas in 221 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, ethmoid 3, 5, 13, 15, 41 soft palate 5 107 anterior 9, 11 sphenoid bone 3, 11, 13, thoracic spine view 53 posterior 9 15, 39, 41 see also coracoid pro- frontal 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, greater wing 5, 9, 13, 39 cess 31, 41 lesser wing 13, 15 sciatic notch intercavernous 285 pituitary fossa 5, 39, 41 greater 67, 75, 77, 81 lactiferous 367 pterygoid fossa 29 lesser 77 maxillary 9, 11, 15, 17, sphenoid sinus 5, 9, 15, segmental arteries 301, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31 29, 39 303 lateral view 5 sphenoparietal sinus 285 anterior/posterior 313 medial wall 41 VSKHQRSHWURVDOÀVVXUH inferior/superior 313 posterior-anterior sphenosquamous suture middle 313 3, 13 35 sella turcica 38–41 posterior wall 29 spinal cord 341, 343 floor of 41 zygomatic recess 27 spinal lamina 47, 59 sellae, dorsum/tubercu- nasal spinal nerve root 345 lum 39 occipitofrontal view spine 42–59 semicircular canals 7, 29 10–11 cervical 44–49, 89, 243 anterior/lateral 31, 35 Waters view 8–9 full-length view 42–43 septum pellucidum, vein occipital 287 interarticular part 59 of 287 osseous, wall 37 lamina 59 sesamoid bones petrosal lumbar 43, 54–59 foot 187, 189, 201, 203, inferior 285, 287, 293, myelogram 205 295 lumbar 344–349 hand 129, 131, 143 superior 287, 293, 295 thoracic 340–343 Shenton’s line 63 sagittal thoracic 43, 50–53 shoulder inferior 287 spinous processes, verte- anterior-posterior superior 285, 287 brae 45, 75, 237 102–103 sigmoid 37, 285, 287, cervical spine 45, 47, 49 abduction 104–105 293, 295 bifid 45 arthrography sulcus 33 lumbar spine 43, 55, anterior-posterior sphenoid 5, 9, 15, 29, 39 57, 59 272–273 sphenoparietal 285 thoracic spine 51, 53 oblique 274–275 straight 287, 293, 295 spleen 223, 307 axial view 106–107 tarsal 181, 191, 199 lower margin 221 axillary recess 273, 275 transverse 285, 287, splenic artery 305, 313 glenoid labrum 103, 293, 295 splenic vein 307, 311 273, 275 sulcus of 7 spot images 224–231 soft tissues 213 skin, breast 225, 227, 367 ileocecal region stress view 88–89 skull 2–41 256–257 tangential view base 17, 28–29, 47, 231 mammogram 108–109 jaw and facial bones craniocaudal 224–225 trans-scapular “Y” view pantogram 23–23 mediolateral 226–227 100–101 lateral view 4–5 trachea transthoracic view posterior-anterior view anterior-posterior 110–111 2–3 view 228–229 sialography 360–363 lateral view 230–231 Index 385 squamous air cells 33 suprascapular notch 105 temporal bone 21 Stensen’s duct 361, 363 supraspinatus fossa 101 petrous portion 5, 15 sternal angle 85, 87, 213 sustentaculum tali 191, styloid process 23, 33 sternal notch 85 193 subarcuate fossa 35 sternoclavicular joint sutures zygomatic process 27, 85, 93 coronal 5 33 sternum 219 frontonasal 25 temporal fossa 27 anterior-posterior view frontozygomatic 3 temporo-occipital artery 84–85 lambdoid 3, 5, 7 289, 291 body of 85, 87, 213 nasomaxillary 25 temporozygomatic su- lateral view 86–87 sagittal 3 ture 27 manubrium 85, 87, 93 sphenosquamous 35 tendon stomach temporozygomatic 27 Achilles 181, 191 angular notch 249 Sylvius, fossa of, veins of ankle, recess 279 body of 249, 253 285, 287 biceps, insertion 275 contrast studies peroneus longus, groove 246–253 193 T curvature, greater/lesser tendon sheath of long 249 talocalcaneal joint 183, head, biceps muscle fundus 249 185 273, 275 pyloric antrum 249, talocalcaneonavicular terminal line 149 251, 253 joint 189, 199, 201, 203 thalamoperforate arter- straight sinus 287, 293, talocrural joint 183, 185, ies 289 295 195 thalamostriate vein, supe- stripe talonavicular joint 181 rior 285, 287 azygoesophageal 209 talus bone 193, 195 thalamus, cerebral artery paraaortic 209 anterior-posterior 175 branches to 291 paraspinal 209 arthrogram 279 thigh 158–161 paratracheal, right 209 head of 181, 187, 197 angiogram 318–319 see also fat stripe lateral process 181, 191 thoracic artery, internal subarachnoid space lateral view 177, 181, 297 anterior/posterior 343 189, 191 thoracic spine 43, 50–53 lateral 341 neck of 181 intervertebral disk space spinal nerve root in 345 oblique view 183, 185, 53 subarcuate fossa 35 199 intervertebral foramen subclavian arch 211 posterior process 181, 53 subclavian artery 211, 189, 191 myelography 340–343 297, 299 trochlea 147, 177, 181 thoracic vertebrae see subclavian vein 327, 333 tarsal joints, transverse vertebrae subcutaneous fat 187, 203 thyrocervical trunk 297, abdominal 223 tarsometatarsal joints 299 breast 225, 227, 367 187, 189, 199, 203, 205 thyroid artery, inferior/ subcutaneous tissue, teeth 21, 23 superior 297 breast 367 apical foramen 19, 23 thyroid cartilage 229, 231 subglottic space 229, 231 canines 21, 23 thyroid vein, inferior 327 subphrenic space 221 dentin 23 tibia 167, 183, 185, 195 subscapula bursa 273, enamel 23 anterior-posterior 147, 275 incisors 21, 23 163, 175, 179 subtalar joint 177, 183, molars 21, 23 apophysis, proximal 177 185, 191, 199 premolars 21, 23 child 177 sulcul artery, precentral pulp cavity 19, 23 arthrogram 279 281 root canal 19, 23 condyle sulcus of the transverse root of 23 lateral 147, 159, 163, sinus 7 temperomandibular joint 169, 171, 175, 177 supracalcaneal recess 279 7, 19, 21 medial 147, 159, 163, supraduodenal artery, fossa 33 169, 171, 175, 177 superior 305 temporal artery, posterior cortex 163, 175 suprascapular artery 297 281, 282 epiphyseal plate 163 386 Index

fibular notch 179 ipsilateral 59 styloid 127, 131, 135, growth plate 159, 167, L5 73 139, 141 175, 179, 181 thoracic spine 51, 53 anterior-posterior intercondylar eminence TI 45 125, 129, 133 147, 161, 165, 169, transverse sinus 285, 287, arthrogram 271 171, 177 293, 295 venogram 335 lateral tubercle 159, sulcus of 7 see also olecranon 163, 167, 175 transverse tarsal joints ulnar recess, wrist 269, medial tubercle 159, 187, 203 271 163, 167, 175 trapezium bone 129, 131, ulnar veins 335 lateral view 161, 165, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, uncinate process, cervical 177, 181, 189 143 vertebrae 45 medullary canal 175 trapezoid bone 129, 131, uncovertebral joint 45 plateau 165 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, upper extremeties lateral/medial 167 143 skeletal imaging 82–145 shaft 169, 171 WULDQJXODUÀEURFDUWLODJH see also arm; hand; tuberosity 165, 167, 175 wrist 269 shoulder; wrist see also malleolus, tricuspid valve 211, 213 ureter 265 medial triquetrum 125, 127 urinary bladder 61, 221, tibial arteries triquetrum bone 129, 223, 265 anterior 321, 323, 325 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, urography 264–265 muscular branch 323 141, 143 uterine ostium, of fallo- posterior 321, 323, 325 triradiate cartilage line 63 pian tube 365 tibial veins, anterior/pos- trochanter uterus terior 337 greater 69, 151, 153, cavity 365 WLELRÀEXODUMRLQW 155, 157 fundus 365 169, 279 anterior-posterior 61, uvula 243, 245 toe, great 204–205 147, 149 distal interphalangeal lesser 71, 151, 153, 155, V joint 187 157 distal phalanx 187 anterior-posterior 61, vagina 365 tomography 232–237 149 vallecula 241, 243 lung trochlea floor of 229, 231 pulmonary hilum humerus 113, 115, 117, valve 232–233 121, 123, 125, 127 aortic 211, 213 right hilum 234–235 lateral/medial margins ileocecal 257, 259 sacroiliac joint 236–237 117 mitral 211, 213 tongue 9, 243 peroneal 193 pulmonary 211, 213 shadow of 23 talus bone 147, 177, 181 tricuspid 211, 213 tooth see teeth Trolard, vein of 285, 287 Vater trachea 21, 47, 51 tuberculum sellae 39 ampulla of 249, 251, bifurcation 233 turbinate, inferior 13 253 carina 209, 219 tympanic cavity 31, 35, papilla of 251, 369 distal 229, 231 37 veins myelogram 243 roof of 35 anastomotic proximal 229, 231 inferior 287 radiograph 209, 213, superior 285, 287 U 217, 219 antebrachial, median radiolucent band of 45 ulna 121, 123, 139 335 spot images 228–231 anterior-posterior 113, arcuate 315 venogram 233, 235 117, 125, 133 of arm, deep 333 transverse processes, arthrogram 271 axillary 333 vertebrae 45, 75, 79, coronoid process 115, azygos 211, 233, 327 83, 237 117, 119, 123, 125, 127 basal cervical spine 45, 47, 49 distal 129, 131 common/inferior 303 lumbar spine 55, 57 lateral view 115, 119, of Rosenthal 285, 287, contralateral 59 127 295 basilic 335 Index 387 brachial 333, 335 left/right 315, 329 lumbar, inferior/supe- brachiocephalic 211 superior branch 315 rior 55, 57, 59 left/right 327 saphenous, great/small sacral breast 225, 227 337 inferior 75, 237 cephalic 327, 333, 335 of septum pellucidum superior 75 cerebellar 287 thoracic, inferior/supe- hemispheric 293 splenic 307, 311 rior 51, 53 inferior 293, 295 subclavian 327, 333 body of superior 295 thalamostriate, superior cervical, C2 49 precentral 295 285, 287 lumbar 55, 59 cerebral thyroid, inferior 327 thoracic 51, 53 great, of Galen 285, tibial, anterior/posterior cervical 287, 295 337 anterior arch 49 internal 285, 287, 295 of Trolard 285, 287 C1 45 superior 293 ulnar 335 lateral mass 45 colic, right 311 of the vermis, inferior C2, body 49 cubital, median 335 293 C7 43, 231 femoral 337 vena cava odontoid process 47, deep 337 inferior 211, 213, 217, 49 superficial 337 219 pedicle 45, 49 of fossa of Sylvius 285, arteriography 301 spinous process 47, 49 287 venography 328–331, transverse process 45, frontal 285 337 47, 49 ascending 287 superior 211, 233, 301, uncinate process 45 ileal 311 333 end plate ileocolic 311 venography 326–327 inferior 47, 53 iliac venography 326–337 lumbar 55, 57 common 329, 331, axilla 332–333 superior 47, 53 337 forearm 334–335 lumbar 55, 57 external 329, 331, 337 leg, lower 336–337 interarticular part 59 internal 329, 331 vena cava lamina 237 interlobular 315 inferior lumbar jejunal 311 anterior-posterior L1 43 jugular 328–329 L3, pedicle 43 bulb of 293 lateral 330–331 L5 75, 237 external 327 superior, anterior- body of 73 internal 287, 327 posterior 326–327 inferior articular of Labbé 287 venous angle 327 process 75 mesenteric 307 YHQRXVFRQÁXHQFH lateral view 77 superior 311 233 pedicle 73 occipital 287 ventricle transverse process parietal 285, 287 larynx 229, 243 73 peroneal 337 left 211, 213, 217, 219 L6, spinous process 43 petrosal 293 right 211, 213, 219, pedicle 43, 55, 59 popliteal 337 301, 327 margin portal 307, 311 vermis, inferior vein of anterior inferior 47, left/right branches 293 53 311 vermis branch, cerebellar anterior superior 47, pulmonary 213, 217, artery 289 53 233 vertebrae posterior inferior 53 inferior 303 articular facet, inferior/ posterior superior 53 left/right 217 superior 47 odontoid process, cervi- left 219 articular pillar 47 cal spine 47, 49 right 219 articular processes pedicle superior 303 cervical cervical 45, 49 radial 335 inferior/superior 49 contralateral 49 renal 331 overlapping 45 lumbar 43, 55, 59, 73 388 Index

sacral 237 venous phase X thoracic 51 294–295 xiphoid process 85, 87 spinous processes 45, vertebral end plates, infe- 75, 237 rior/superior 51 cervical 47, 49 vestibular fold 229 Z bifid 45 vestibule zygomatic arch 3, 13, 15, lumbar 43, 55, 57, 59 auditory 31, 35 26–27, 31 thoracic 51, 53 of larynx 229, 231 zygomatic bone 5, 9, 11, thoracic vocal chord 29, 37 T2 43 false 229 frontal process 13 T4 214 true 229 zygomatic process 5 T5 214 vocal fold 229 temporal bone 27, 33 T12 43 zygomatic recess, maxil- transverse process 45, W lary sinus 27 75, 79, 83, 237 cervical 45, 47, 49 Wilberg’s center-to-corner lumbar 55, 57, 59 angle 63 contralateral 59 wrist ipsilateral 59 anterior-posterior 125, thoracic, T1 45, 51, 53 128–129, 132–133 uncinate process, cervi- arthrography 268–271 cal 45 lateral view 127, vertebral arch 45 134–135 vertebral arteries 289, meniscus 269, 271 291, 297, 299 oblique view 130–131 arteriography recesses anterior-posterior extensor 269, 271 arterial phase flexor 269, 271 288–289 sacciform 269 venous phase ulnar 269, 271 292–293 triangular fibrocartilage lateral 269 arterial phase 290–291