DOCSLIB.ORG

At the Intersection of Rhetoric, Affect, and Video Games Joshua A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 5-2018 Affective Gaming: At the Intersection of Rhetoric, Affect, and Video Games Joshua A. Wood Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Wood, Joshua A., "Affective Gaming: At the Intersection of Rhetoric, Affect, and Video Games" (2018). All Dissertations. 2095. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2095 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AFFECTIVE GAMING: AT THE INTERSECTION OF RHETORIC, AFFECT, AND VIDEO GAMES A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Rhetorics, Communication, and Information Design by Joshua A. Wood May 2018 Accepted by: Dr. David Blakesley, Committee Chair Dr. Cynthia Haynes Dr. Matthew Boyer Dr. David Donar ABSTRACT Affective Gaming is an intervention in the field of game studies, designed to address the lack of racial diversity in games. I examine the role that emotion plays in games by melding game studies and rhetorical theory with affect theory and critical identity studies. I build a theory of gaming that is attuned to the way games provoke emotion in players in order to bring a new understanding of identity to game studies. I then turn towards a theory of game design that uses affect toward a rhetorical end, and finally turn this toward games in the classroom. I also produce a video game prototype to accompany the dissertation to illustrate the intersection of mechanics and narrative that I write about, and to show what is possible when games are considered rhetorically. ii DEDICATION For my family, past and present, without whom none of this would be possible. To Anna, Carson, and Henry. The reason to my rhyme. Por todos que tienen que learn to code switch. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my committee, thank you for the time and effort put into working with me these past few years on the research that went into this dissertation, on the job market, and everywhere else. Thank you to Dr. Cynthia Haynes, Dr. Matthew Boyer, and Dr. David Donar for your help shaping what this project eventually became. And a special thanks to Dr. David Blakesley for stepping in to chair the committee and pointing me towards Burke’s theory of identification, which proved to be a missing link in the research. Thank you for working closely with me to get this project done, and for putting up with my trouble meeting deadlines. Special thanks to the entire faculty of Clemson’s RCID program, past and present: Dr. Victor Vitanza, Dr. Akel Kahera, Dr. Jan Holmevik, Dr. Christina Hung, Dr. Bryan Denham, Dr. Stephanie Barczewski, and Dr. Steven Katz. To all of these scholars, I want to extend my appreciation for their work in designing and continuing to create a program that is both innovative and challenging in all the right ways. I would also like to thank Dr. Todd May and Dr. Cameron Bushnell for their work in inspiring vibrant discussion in the RCID Theory Colloquium, wherein many ideas that are now in this dissertation found their start. I would also like to thank Dr. Victor Vitanza for the opportunity to travel with him to Saas-Fee, Switzerland for a semester abroad at the European Graduate School. The ideas in this dissertation could not have come to fruition in the ways they have were it not for that experience. iv Special thanks to the Office of Access and Equity at Clemson University, who awarded me a Diversity Fellowship. I cannot express how much this has helped along the way to complete this project and my doctorate as a whole. Similarly, the work of designing Codex Switch was made possible in large part by a dissertation completion grant from the offices of the Vice President for Research and the Dean of the Graduate School, which went toward financing training and assets for the timely completion of the game. I also want to thank the Professional Enrichment Grant program managed by Clemson’s Graduate Student Government for several travel grants over the course of my doctoral studies. To the students of RCID, thank you for creating a great environment. RCID is a family, and you all prove it. Thanks for all the ideas, feedback, and well wishes along the way. Thanks to my cohort, for being the best cohort I could ask for, and for all the late nights we spent working together to thrive in a rigorous program. Most importantly, to my kids and my wife, thank you for the days you had to put up with Dad being too engrossed in his work to play with you. Ironic, since this very dissertation is all about that play. A huge shout-out to my wife for sticking with me this long. This project is as much your accomplishment as it is mine. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 Game Studies and Design: A Historical Overview ........................... 6 How this Project Proceeds ............................................................. 10 2. AFFECTIVE RHETORIC................................................................... 18 Motivations ................................................................................... 21 A Working Theory of Affect ......................................................... 26 Attuning to Game's Affective Transfer .......................................... 37 Video Games and Identification .................................................... 53 Affective Gaming .......................................................................... 62 3. AFFECT AND IDENTITY ................................................................. 64 The Void at the Heart of Identity ................................................... 66 A Paradox of (Racial) Substance ................................................... 69 (Mis)recognizing the Other ............................................................ 83 Narrativity and Identity in Games .................................................. 96 4. AFFECTIVE DESIGN ...................................................................... 104 Narrative and Procedurality ......................................................... 108 Freedom, Affect, Narrative .......................................................... 125 Critical and Affective Design ...................................................... 127 Codex Switch .............................................................................. 142 vi Table of Contents (Continued) Page The MyStory in Affective Game Design ...................................... 147 Conclusion .................................................................................. 159 5. GAMING PEDAGOGY.................................................................... 162 From Critical Pedagogy to Games-Based Learning ...................... 165 Narrative and Education .............................................................. 171 The Classroom RPG .................................................................... 174 Conclusion .................................................................................. 186 6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 189 The Art of Failure ........................................................................ 192 Beta Testing: Courses for Future Study ....................................... 199 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... 204 A. Game Script ...................................................................................... 205 Scene 1. Community ................................................................... 205 Scene 2. The God of War ............................................................ 207 Scene 3. Where am I?/Desert ....................................................... 212 Scene 4. Borderlands ................................................................... 215 Scene 5. The Underworld ............................................................ 217 Scene 6. Interlude ........................................................................ 220 Scene 7. The Sacrifice ................................................................. 220 B. Last Word: A Classroom RPG .......................................................... 223 The World of the Not-So-Distant Future ...................................... 223 What is a Role-Playing Game? .................................................... 225 Dice Mechanics ........................................................................... 226 Destiny Points ............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • January 2017 201 S

    January 2017 201 S

    2016 -2017 January 2017 201 S. Gammon Rd., Madison, WI 53717 Midwinter Fashion Takes an Table of Enchanting Twist Contents By Leah Vredenbregt Midwinter Fashion Takes The annual Midwinter Dance took an Enchanting Twist place on January 7th, giving many the (Pg.1) opportunity to have a night of fun with Editor’s Note (Pg.2) friends and dates while simultaneously Cupcake Smackdown a looking amazing. Winter typically brings Huge Success (Pg.3) black, dark red, dark blue, and purple SYS Gives Students a colors of clothing, eyeshadow, and lipstick Chance to Connect with into the spotlight. Yet, a bright top, dress, the Community (Pg.3) or tie is always appreciated in these bleak Spartan Scoreboard: Midwest winters. Going to the dance, Debate (Pg.4) I expected many young women to be Little Shop of Horrors wearing a short black dress, and men with (Pg.5) the typical button up shirt with a tie. December SNL Recap Many guys were nicely dressed with (Pg.6) Everybody Wants to Go nice shirts, ties, and dress shoes. I can’t Sophomore class officers Garrett Kennedy, Joanne Paula Martin- say I remember as many guys wearing ez, Ruchi Shah, and Riva Shresta to Heaven… But Nobody suspenders at the fall homecoming dance, Wants to Die in Mafia III but they brought a pop of class to many I loved the looks that didn’t, as well as the (Pg.7) outfits. The same goes for bowties, which ones that did. 2016: The Last of It (Pg. brought nice variation. White shirts with Shoes.
  • Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Equity Analyst Report

    Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Equity Analyst Report

    Merrimack College Merrimack ScholarWorks Honors Senior Capstone Projects Honors Program Spring 2016 Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Equity Analyst Report Brian Nelson Goncalves Merrimack College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/honors_capstones Part of the Finance and Financial Management Commons Recommended Citation Goncalves, Brian Nelson, "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Equity Analyst Report" (2016). Honors Senior Capstone Projects. 7. https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/honors_capstones/7 This Capstone - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Merrimack ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Senior Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Merrimack ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Head: TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. EQUITY ANALYST REPORT 1 Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Equity Analyst Report Brian Nelson Goncalves Merrimack College Honors Department May 5, 2016 Author Notes Brian Nelson Goncalves, Finance Department and Honors Program, at Merrimack Collegei. Brian Nelson Goncalves is a Senior Honors student at Merrimack College. This report was created with the intent to educate investors while also serving as the students Senior Honors Capstone. Full disclosure, Brian is a long time share holder of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. 1 Running Head: TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC. EQUITY ANALYST REPORT 2 Table of Contents
  • Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice

    Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice

    Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2015 Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1490 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2625217 62 UCLA L. Rev. 1156-1239 (2015) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod EVIEW R ABSTRACT This Article introduces to legal scholarship the first sustained discussion of prison LA LAW LA LAW C abolition and what I will call a “prison abolitionist ethic.” Prisons and punitive policing U produce tremendous brutality, violence, racial stratification, ideological rigidity, despair, and waste. Meanwhile, incarceration and prison-backed policing neither redress nor repair the very sorts of harms they are supposed to address—interpersonal violence, addiction, mental illness, and sexual abuse, among others. Yet despite persistent and increasing recognition of the deep problems that attend U.S. incarceration and prison- backed policing, criminal law scholarship has largely failed to consider how the goals of criminal law—principally deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retributive justice—might be pursued by means entirely apart from criminal law enforcement. Abandoning prison-backed punishment and punitive policing remains generally unfathomable. This Article argues that the general reluctance to engage seriously an abolitionist framework represents a failure of moral, legal, and political imagination.
  • CONJECTURE GAMES PRESENTS: Conjectural Roleplaying Gamemaster

    CONJECTURE GAMES PRESENTS: Conjectural Roleplaying Gamemaster

    CONJECTURE GAMES PRESENTS: CRGE conjectural roleplaying gamemaster emulator By Zach Best Artwork by Matthew Vasey The Helldragon (order #6976544) “If everyone is thinking alike, then somebody isn’t thinking.” – George S. Patton Dedicated to Katie. Who shares every step with me. Written by Zach Best Artwork by Matthew Vasey Published by Conjecture Games (www.conjecturegames.com) Special Thanks to Alex Yari, Francis Flammang, David Dankel, Nicky Tsouklais, Matthew Mooney, Aaron Zeitler, Kenny Norris, Jimmy Williams, and Deathworks for playtesting, editing, and general commenting. Very Special Thanks to Chris Stieha for being the first and most thorough playtester an indie game designer could ever ask for. All text is © Zach Best (2014). All artwork is © Matthew Vasey (2014) and used with permission for this work. The mention of or reference to any company or product in these pages is not a challenge to the trademark or copyright concerned. 2 The Helldragon (order #6976544) Table of Contents What is CRGE? pg. 4 Loom of Fate – Binary GM Emulator, pg. 6 The Surge Count, pg. 8 Unexpectedly Explanations, pg. 10 Loom of Fate Examples, pg. 11 Loom of Fate Tutorial, pg. 13 Conjured Threads – Story Indexing Game Engine, pg. 14 Stage of the Scene, pg. 16 CRGE Scene Setup, pg. 18 Bookkeeping, pg. 18 Storyspinning – Frameworks for CRGE, pg. 20 Vignette Framework, pg. 21 Vignette Framework Tutorial, pg. 23 Tapestry –Multiplayer CRGE Module, pg. 24 Appendix I (Tables), pg. 27 Appendix II (Vignette Framework Tutorial Example), pg. 28 3 The Helldragon (order #6976544) What is CRGE? Conjecture The Conjectural Roleplaying Gamemaster “Is the door locked?” This is a very simple Emulator (“CRGE”) is a supplement for any pen question applicable to many RPG adventures.
  • Cyber-Synchronicity: the Concurrence of the Virtual

    Cyber-Synchronicity: the Concurrence of the Virtual

    Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material via Text-Based Virtual Reality A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeffrey S. Smith March 2010 © 2010 Jeffrey S. Smith. All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality by JEFFREY S. SMITH has been approved for the School of Media Arts and Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by Joseph W. Slade III Professor of Media Arts and Studies Gregory J. Shepherd Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT SMITH, JEFFREY S., Ph.D., March 2010, Mass Communication Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality (384 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Joseph W. Slade III This dissertation investigates the experiences of participants in a text-based virtual reality known as a Multi-User Domain, or MUD. Through in-depth electronic interviews, staff members and players of Aurealan Realms MUD were queried regarding the impact of their participation in the MUD on their perceived sense of self, community, and culture. Second, the interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic analysis through which the nature of the participant’s phenomenological lived experience is explored with a specific eye toward any significant over or interconnection between each participant’s virtual and material experiences. An extended analysis of the experiences of respondents, combined with supporting material from other academic investigators, provides a map with which to chart the synchronous and synonymous relationship between a participant’s perceived sense of material identity, community, and culture, and her perceived sense of virtual identity, community, and culture.
  • Player Traits and Gratifications of Casual and Hardcore Players of Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite, and Ingress

    Player Traits and Gratifications of Casual and Hardcore Players of Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite, and Ingress

    Player Traits and Gratifications of Casual and Hardcore Players of Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite, and Ingress JOHN DUNHAM, Niantic x RIT Geo Games and Media Research Lab, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA KONSTANTINOS PAPANGELIS, Niantic x RIT Geo Games and Media Research Lab, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA NICOLAS LALONE, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA YIHONG WANG, University of Liverpool, UK Location-based games (LBG) impose virtual spaces on top of physical locations. Studies have explored LBG from various perspectives. However, a comprehensive study of who these players are, their traits, their gratifications, and the links between them is conspicuously absent from the literature. In this paper, weaim to address this lacuna through a series of surveys with 2390 active LBG players utilizing Tondello’s Player Traits Model and Scale of Game playing Preferences, and Hamari’s scale of LBG gratifications. Our findings (1) illustrate an association between player satisfaction and social aspects of the studied games, (2) explicate how the core-loops of the studied games impact the expressed gratifications and the affine traits of players, and (3) indicate a strong distinction between hardcore and casual players based on both traits and gratifications. Overall our findings shed light into the players of LBG, their traits, and gratifications they derive fromplaying LBGs. CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing ! Human computer interaction (HCI); Collaborative and social computing. Additional Key Words and Phrases: Location-based Games, Player Traits, Gratifications, Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite, Ingress ACM Reference Format: John Dunham, Konstantinos Papangelis, Nicolas LaLone, and Yihong Wang. 2018. Player Traits and Gratifica- tions of Casual and Hardcore Players of Pokémon GO, Harry Potter: Wizards Unite, and Ingress.
  • Non-Determinism in the Narrative Structure of Video Games

    Non-Determinism in the Narrative Structure of Video Games

    Non-Determinism in the Narrative Structure of Video Games Marcello Arnaldo Picucci Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics Newcastle University July 2015 Abstract At the present time, computer games represent a finite interactive system. Even in their more experimental forms, the number of possible interactions between player and NPCs (non-player characters) and among NPCs and the game world has a finite number and is led by a deterministic system in which events can therefore be predicted. This implies that the story itself, seen as the series of events that will unfold during gameplay, is a closed system that can be predicted a priori. This study looks beyond this limitation, and identifies the elements needed for the emergence of a non-finite, emergent narrative structure. Two major contributions are offered through this research. The first contribution comes in the form of a clear categorization of the narrative structures embracing all video game production since the inception of the medium. In order to look for ways to generate a non-deterministic narrative in games, it is necessary to first gain a clear understanding of the current narrative structures implemented and how their impact on users’ experiencing of the story. While many studies have observed the storytelling aspect, no attempt has been made to systematically distinguish among the different ways designers decide how stories are told in games. The second contribution is guided by the following research question: Is it possible to incorporate non-determinism into the narrative structure of computer games? The hypothesis offered is that non-determinism can be incorporated by means of nonlinear dynamical systems in general and Cellular Automata in particular.
  • Playstation's Coronavirus Contribution: Stay Home and Play Free 'Uncharted,' 'Journey' PS4 Video Games 16 April 2020, by Mike Snider, Usa Today

    Playstation's Coronavirus Contribution: Stay Home and Play Free 'Uncharted,' 'Journey' PS4 Video Games 16 April 2020, by Mike Snider, Usa Today

    PlayStation's coronavirus contribution: Stay home and play free 'Uncharted,' 'Journey' PS4 video games 16 April 2020, by Mike Snider, Usa Today The game maker's Play At Home initiative also includes a $10 million fund to support independent game developers, Ryan said. "Independent developers are vital to the heart and soul of the gaming community and we understand the hardships and financial struggles that many smaller gaming studios are facing," he said. The Uncharted games—"Uncharted: Drake's Fortune," "Uncharted 2: Among Thieves," and "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception"—are action- adventure games starring treasure-hunting hero Nathan Drake. Originally released between 2007 and 2011 for the PlayStation 3, each has been remastered for the PS4. Credit: CC0 Public Domain "Journey" is a single-player exploration game from thatgamecompany, in which the player navigates a nondescript cloaked character through a magical Need some video game pursuits to keep you desert world. "The game's life-affirming message is occupied during the stay-at-home measures to timeless and perhaps more important now than combat the spread of the coronavirus? Sony has a ever before," Ryan said. giveaway for PlayStation 4 players. Sony is working with internet service providers in Starting Wednesday at 11 p.m. ET/8 p.m. PT, PS4 the U.S. and Europe to manage download traffic, owners can download "Uncharted: The Nathan so game downloads "may take a little longer," he Drake Collection" and the game "Journey" for free. said. Once you download the games, you can keep them. But you must download the games by May "During these days of physical distancing, fans 5.
  • Mba Canto C 2019.Pdf (3.357Mb)

    Mba Canto C 2019.Pdf (3.357Mb)

    The Effect of Online Reviews on the Shares of Video Game Publishing Companies Cesar Alejandro Arias Canto Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Finance at Dublin Business School Supervisor: Richard O’Callaghan August 2019 2 Declaration I declare that this dissertation that I have submitted to Dublin Business School for the award of Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Finance is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated, where it is clearly acknowledged by references. Furthermore, this work has not been submitted for any other degree. Signed: Cesar Alejandro Arias Canto Student Number: 10377231 Date: June 10th, 2019 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the lecturers whom I had the opportunity to learn from. I would like to thank my lecturer and supervisor, Richard O’Callaghan. One of the best lecturers I have had throughout my education and a great person. I would like to thank my parents and family for the support and their love. 4 Contents Table of Contents Declaration ................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 3 Contents ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Tables and figures index ..........................................................................................................
  • A Sense of Presence: Mediating an American Apocalypse

    A Sense of Presence: Mediating an American Apocalypse

    religions Article A Sense of Presence: Mediating an American Apocalypse Rachel Wagner Department of Philosophy and Religion, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Here I build upon Robert Orsi’s work by arguing that we can see presence—and the longing for it—at work beyond the obvious spaces of religious practice. Presence, I propose, is alive and well in mediated apocalypticism, in the intense imagination of the future that preoccupies those who consume its narratives in film, games, and role plays. Presence is a way of bringing worlds beyond into tangible form, of touching them and letting them touch you. It is, in this sense, that Michael Hoelzl and Graham Ward observe the “re-emergence” of religion with a “new visibility” that is much more than “simple re-emergence of something that has been in decline in the past but is now manifesting itself once more.” I propose that the “new awareness of religion” they posit includes the mediated worlds that enchant and empower us via deeply immersive fandoms. Whereas religious institutions today may be suspicious of presence, it lives on in the thick of media fandoms and their material manifestations, especially those forms that make ultimate promises about the world to come. Keywords: apocalypticism; Orsi; enchantment; fandom; video games; pervasive games; cowboy; larp; West 1. Introduction Michael Hoelzl and Graham Ward observe the “re-emergence” of religion today with a “new visibility” that is “far more complex and nuanced than simple re-emergence of something that has been in decline in the past but is now manifesting itself once more” (Hoelzl and Ward 2008, p.
  • Platf Orm Game First Person Shooter Strategy Game Alternatereality Game

    Platf Orm Game First Person Shooter Strategy Game Alternatereality Game

    First person shooter Platform game Alternate reality game Strategy game Platform game Strategy game The platform game (or platformer) is a video game genre Strategy video games is a video game genre that emphasizes characterized by requiring the player to jump to and from sus- skillful thinking and planning to achieve victory. They empha- pended platforms or over obstacles (jumping puzzles). It must size strategic, tactical, and sometimes logistical challenges. be possible to control these jumps and to fall from platforms Many games also offer economic challenges and exploration. or miss jumps. The most common unifying element to these These games sometimes incorporate physical challenges, but games is a jump button; other jump mechanics include swing- such challenges can annoy strategically minded players. They ing from extendable arms, as in Ristar or Bionic Commando, are generally categorized into four sub-types, depending on or bouncing from springboards or trampolines, as in Alpha whether the game is turn-based or real-time, and whether Waves. These mechanics, even in the context of other genres, the game focuses on strategy or tactics. are commonly called platforming, a verbification of platform. Games where jumping is automated completely, such as The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, fall outside of the genre. The platform game (or platformer) is a video game genre characterized by requiring the player to jump to and from sus- pended platforms or over obstacles (jumping puzzles). It must be possible to control these jumps and to fall from platforms or miss jumps. The most common unifying element to these games is a jump button; other jump mechanics include swing- ing from extendable arms, as in Ristar or Bionic Commando, or bouncing from springboards or trampolines, as in Alpha Waves.
  • Disney Comics from Italy♦ © Francesco Stajano 1997-1999

    Disney Comics from Italy♦ © Francesco Stajano 1997-1999

    Disney comics from Italy♦ © Francesco Stajano 1997-1999 http://i.am/filologo.disneyano/ A Roberto, amico e cugino So what exactly shall we look at? First of all, the Introduction fascinating “prehistory” (early Thirties) where a few pioneering publishers and creators established a Disney Most of us die-hard Disney fans are in love with those presence in Italy. Then a look at some of the authors, seen comics since our earliest childhood; indeed, many of us through their creations. Because comics are such an learnt to read from the words in Donald’s and Mickey’s obviously visual medium, the graphical artists tend to get balloons. Few of us, though, knew anything about the the lion’s share of the critics’ attention; to compensate for creators of these wonderful comics: they were all this, I have decided to concentrate on the people who calligraphically signed by that “Walt Disney” guy in the actually invent the stories, the script writers (though even first page so we confidently believed that, somewhere in thus I’ve had to miss out many good ones). This seems to America, a man by that name invented and drew each and be a more significant contribution to Disney comics every one of those different stories every week. As we studies since, after all, it will be much easier for you to grew up, the quantity (too many) and quality (too read a lot about the graphical artists somewhere else. And different) of the stories made us realise that this man of course, by discussing stories I will also necessarily could not be doing all this by himself; but still, we touch on the work of the artists anyway.