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Sinclair QL Under $800.00
The First 32-bit Personal Computer for Sinclair QL under $800.00 1 ; % A Q W E p T y U I o p - a G H J K L ; eel • 32-bit processor • I28K memory • two built-in microdrives • high resolution colour • Includes software: word-processing, database management, spread sheet, graphics. CALL 416-636-9415 TO ORDER... Use your VISA or MASTERCARD When you order your Sinclair QL from EDG Electronics, we'll ship it directly to your home or business, or now you can pick it up per- sonally at an authorized Sinclair Customer The Sinclair QL revolutionizes the computer Here are some of the incredible Support Centre. Simply specify your choice of revolution. It offers the utmost in perfor- direct shipment or pick-up (the cost is the mance, speed and power at the remarkably low features of the Sinclair QL: same) when you order. You get low direct pric- price of only $799.95. ing plus the benefit of personal service. When Two Powerful Processors: 32-bit main pro- The QL is a full-size computer designed you pick-up your QL you will also be advised cessor (68008), and Intel 8049 to control around the most powerful and advanced about the QL Consumer Education Pro- keyboard, sound, and R5232. microprocessor yet created for the personal gramme (available at moderate extra cost) and computer: the Motorola 68008. With 128K New Operating System: In addition to conven- the extended protection programme available RAM, expandable to 640K. Two built-in tional DOS commands, the 32K ROM (expan- beyond the ninety-day warranty period. -
Sinclair Programs
An lndepeildent magazine ,....._..,..byEMAP_ ............. October 1984 96p • All5Allventureso,elinked - bulyoucmehOOsetopkJyttan sepcralel¥And !hey o! how REALTI ME buinin. So nyoudon11hlnk fosr.you wind upas o pterodae1yrslunch, dN! of <W8f-tX8l'Non Ina Roman orgy,or jusrloseyourmin d ... • ·eureka!.is nofjustanEp ic - notjust onAdven ture.AtttleSb1oleoch historicolera, youface on Arco de ActiOnrest, To decide yourstrenglh level tor lheAd\lenturelocome. • ThebelleryourSCOfe, thesrronge,ondfosteryou ·abe . • Andit'fl keep youon yourroes, wilh constonlly-chonglng, static onelmoving !JOphics.Bri"ionl music and sound effects odd 10 !he excitement • ~ P(l10lthe"Eureko!"pock. you receive a luH-colouriMuslroled booktet conkJiningcrVPtic rkld les andmysterious rnusrrotions . Using bOOklelood screentogether , yousteadily unravel the clues and bui ld upo secrelphonenumberpiece byplece. • Hyou'refirstroring tt , yousovelheworldondcollectthe£25.000! • OUilea package!And lo giveeveryone o lair chance,- Eureka!.win be r~eosedsimultaneous ly worldwideon Oclober31 st. 1984.No pockswill be ovoilobleunt1l lhOI dote . AHorders received by moll or phoneby 26th OCTOBERwi A be desoolchedby posron the31 st righi acrosslhe world . SO ordernow. and beoneollhefirsfof11he mark. IABC:~ Ed--:;--- RebeccaFerguson Ca Cons ultanl cd1tor John Campbell GRAPHICS 3 SOFT FOCus 28 INSTRUCTIONS Stafl'writer PROGRAM June Mon imcr TUTOR 30 Design QL COMPETITION 17 SOFT THE ME 32 Elaine Bishop Advertlkmea1 maoapr LETTERS 27 Howard Rosen Production us if tanl Jim McCl ur e ALIEN SHOOTOUT 9 DRESS DE Editorial ass istaru C.Okue.McDermou PRO-PRINTOUT 12 MABEL 'S REVENGE 48 Subk ripdoa manager Carl Dunne ' RACE TRACK NUMBER B LAST 51 Auista ot pub lit.hcr SLITHERY JIM 35 GOVERNM ENT Neil Wood RAVENOUS REPTILE 37 GENERA TOR 53 Publi$ber Gerry Murray Sioclair Programs i1 publ iahed @ moolhl y by EMAP BusineH and Co mpulcr Publications. -
Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25Th Anniversary 2009
Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Sinclair QL "the Mac that never was..." Urs König (aka cowo) currently on sabbatical, Lucerne, Switzerland 22.10.2009 / KU / R00 Agenda 1. Introduction 2. The vision 3. How it started, developed, got launched 4. How it survived after it has been axed 5. Q&A "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 1 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Introduction 1981 "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 2 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Two old friends made a handshake 1982 "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 3 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 As often it began in a parc in Palo Alto… but this time not only at XEROX’s parc David Karlin: Worked for Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp in Palo Alto until July 1982 as research engineer developing DSP chips. Was working on DEC VAX VMS multitasking OS. Was impressed by the XEROX Star workstation with GUI he saw at XEROX PARC while visiting. Wanted to create a micro that could do the same or more. Wanted to return back home to England. Joined Sinclair Research in Cambridge in August 1982, became the head of QL hardware development. "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 4 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 1983 Codename Design Research Development "QL & Mac -
Sinclair QL Preservation Project
AMIGA FUTURE SPECIAL 35 History Special – Links RWAP Software: http://www.rwapsoftware.co.uk/index.html TF Services: http://tfs.firshman.co.uk/ql/ Jochen Merz/QL Today: SINCLAIR QL – http://www.j-m-s.com/smsq/index.htm Q60: http://www.q40.de/ QPC: http://www.kilgus.net/ QDT: http://www.jdh-stech.com/QDT/qdt.html AN OLD RELATIVE Launchpad: http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/gen/ When the Amiga was introduced in 1985 it didn’t excite people with just its outstanding multi- launchpad/launchpad.html media capabilities, but also because of its use of the, at the time, brand new 68000 processor Quanta: http://www.quanta.org.uk/ from Motorola. Just like the Apple Macintosh and the Atari ST it was a representative of a new QL on the Amiga: generation of computers. But at that time there was another competitor in this new market: http://www.mswift.unisonplus.net/ql/index.html The Sinclair QL. In this special we would like to take a closer look at this relatively unknown http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/emu/index.html competitor. QL/Mac event Don’t be afraid, we are not http://www.qlvsjaguar.homepage.bluewin.ch/ turning Amiga Future into index_no_frames.html “68000” magazine (who remembers that) and will nat- urally stay true to the Amiga. But from time to time it’s inter- esting to look a bit beyond the confines of the Amiga and look at other computers with a 68000 processor that com- peted with the Amiga in the mid 80s. The Apple Macintosh has made it into mainstream by now and is, albeit in a changed form, a fixed factor in the computer market. -
Sinclair User Is Published Monthly 29 COMPETITION WINNER We Profile the Winner of Our first Competition
June 1982 The independent magazine for the independent user •••• NOWA • RPM ,. ZX SPECTRUM: CLIVE DOES IT AGAIN We interview Nigel Searle, head of Sinclair's computer division A mother's view of the computer generation Meet the winner of our first competition Eight pages of programs Plus: helpline, mind games, new products, book reviews AMAZE ADVENTURE GAME FOR rifi ZOGS is a brand new game for the 16K ZX81, unlike any other game you've seen on the ZX81. This is without doubt the best game available for this computer, and if you don't believe us, ask somebody who has seen it, or go down to your local computer shop and ask for a demonstration. mAZOGS is a maze adventure game with very fast-moving animated graphics. A large proportion of the program is written in machine code to achieve the most amazing graphics you have ever seen on the Df.81. You will be confronted by a large and complex Maze, which contains somewhere within it a glittering arid fabulous Treasure You not only have the Please se nd int problem of finding the treasure and bringing it out of the maze, you must also face Oty itern Price the guardians of the maze in the form of a force of fearful Mazogs. Even if you survive their attacks you could still starve to death if you get hopelessly lost. B, Fortunately, there are various ways in which you can get help on this dangerous For E10 0 0 inclusive mission. 9 There are three levels of difficulty, and the game comes complete with i e nclose• cne que / P 0 comprehensive instructions. -
2005 Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum Rivista N. 10 Speciale Estate 2005 (Luglio - Agosto 2005) Copyleft 2004 - 2005 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: Editoriale 1 - Varese 8 - Nuovi giochi Retrocomputing 2005 8 - Nuova Newel Vista la pressante richiesta di un questa stessa rivista. Ecco mero, non ha permesso al sotto- 2 - Amstrad: lo ZX nel telefono 9 - Quanti pc sono numero estivo da parte di molti quindi cari amici un buon diver- scritto di inserire l'intervista ai imparentati con lo ZX? 3 - ZX calc e program- lettori impazienti di attendere sivo da leggere traquillamente "democoders" italiani di Officine mazione numerica 9 - Biturbo 3 Agosto prima di poter gustare sotto l'ombrellone d'estate: una Oniriche che sicuramente molti 4 - Sam Coupe' 9 - Vignetta, il clone del con piacere la lettura di un edizione ricca di notizie come avrebbero gradito, ma non dis- mese, sul prossimo 5 - Transputer? numero, ringraziamenti nuovo numero ed in particolar sempre, curiosita' e informazioni perate perche' saranno sicura- 6 - Lo ZX a Mantova modo della cronaca dell'evento che ruotano attorno alla pas- mente presenti sul prossimo piu' importante degli ultimi mesi sione nostalgica che ci ac- numero che uscira' a fine Set- 6 - Shaos ci riprova! (ovvero Varese Retrocom- comuna. Grande risalto e ampio tembre. Niente magliette in 6 - Piccolo angolo di puting 2005) ho deciso di antici- spazio e' stato dedicato appunto regalo come Special Program poesia pare i tempi diversamente da al meeting di Varese ma, la ma un augurio di buona lettura e 6 - Trasmissioni radio quanto riportato precedente in fretta di pubblicare questo nu- buona vcanza!!! S.G. -
Lssue 4 June
Volume 17 lssue 4 June ,.. Oct. 2013 tssil 1432-5454 .t Editorial 4 A Look at the Past (and a Glimpse German office & Publisher: Jochen Merz Sollware Tel. 203 5o20ll Geoff Wicks '49 of the Future?) Kaiserwilhelm.Slr. 302 Fax +49 203 5o2of2 47169 Duisburg email: [email protected] 6 Fleet Taclical Command Peter Scolt Germany email: [email protected] 8 Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Editor: ParlT -T loZ Geoll wicks Tel. +44 1332 271366 gMcks€btinternot.com Jones & Lee Privett Flat 5b email: Dilwyn Wordsworlh Avenue email [email protected] Derby DE24 gHQ 12 Programming in Assembler, Part 34 Uniled Kingdom The End ol an Era, or is it? Co-Editor & UK Office: Norman Dunbar Bruce Nicholls Tel '44 20 71930539 38 Derham Gardens Fax ,44 870 0568755 T4 with David Karlin The long lost interview Upminsler email: qltoda},.@q-v{.domon.co.uk Urs Kdnig Essex RM14 3HA emailr QLToday@f m-s.com uniled Klngdom 24 File Selection George Gwill QL fode! is published lour limes a yeat our volume 31 Running Servos from QL based Systems begins on beginning o[ June. Please conlact lhe German or lan Burkinshaw Englsh otlice for currenl subscriplion rates or visil our homepa ge siww,QLTODAYCom. KEY BEEP Dilwyn Jones 34 We welcome your commenls, suggestions and arlicles. 40 Software Updates YOU make QL trda, posslble, We are conslantly changing and adjusting lo meet your needs and requiremenls. Arlicles 42 fhe Story of QPC Marcel Kilgus lor publicalion should be on a 3.5'disk (DD or HD) 0r senl via Email. -
Ql Technical Review Issue 1
ISSUE1 £1.20 l !'. .tl ' T' n~ ., / ·u' W '' EDITORIAL & NEWS 2 THOR SCENE 3 QRAM REVIE\-1 4...,.7 MAKING A QL MONSTEK 8..,..14 BITS AND PIECES 14&23 .~. ~OOLKIT II REVIEW 15-,.16 MACHINE CODE TUTORIAL {PART 1) 17..,.23 IDIS DISASSEMBLER REVIEW 24...,.25 REPAIRS FOR THE QL? 26 CP/M 68K ON THE QL '27-30 LIGHTNING AND SPEEDSCREEN REVIEW 31.:.32 SUBSCRI~TIONS £5.00 FOR 4 ISSUES FROM.C.G.H. SERVICES, CWH GWEN HALL, PENCADER, DYFED, CYMRU. SA 39 9HA •.,.· .. EDITED BY RICHARD ALEXANDER PUBLISHED BY C.G.H. SERVICES. Not a lot to'report here that I have first It has taken a lot longer than I expected hand experience of. Obviously Miracle and to get this issue of QL Technical Review Rebel Electronics' hard disk systems will out. Let's hope it doesn't take another appeal to those wanting to store large year to do the next issue. This magazine amounts of data. Probably this will make grew out of QL Adventurers' Forum and the it possible to at last run bulletin boards work several of us had been doing on CGH on the QL and also more PC software. Maybe Services' products. We reckoned that the people will take the leap from mdvs to experience we had gained and the hard disks and miss out floppies comparative value of the products we use altogether? If you have a hard disk then may be of interest to other QL users. If let us know how you're getting on with it. -
QL· Technical Guide
QL· Technical Guide by Tony Tebby and David Karlin Edited by Michèle Wright First published in 1985 Sinclair Research Ltd 25 Willis Road, Cambridge CB1 2AQ, England ISBN 1 850160368 Documentation and packaging © Sinclair Research Ltd sinclair logo, QL and QL Technical Guide are Registered Trade Marks of Sinclair Research Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this program, documentation or packaging may be reproduced in any form. Unauthorized copying, hiring, lending or sale and repurchase prohibited. Made in the UK. Contents \ 1.0 About this Guide 4 2.0 Introduction to Qdos 6 2.1 Memory Map 7 2.2 Calling Qdos Routines 10 2.3 Exception Processing 14 2.4 Start-up 16 3.0 Machine Code Programming on the QL 17 3.1 Jobs 17 3.2 SuperBASIC Procedures and Functions 20 3.3 Tasks 21 3.4 Operating System Extensions 21 4.0 Memory Allocation 22 4.1 Heap Mechanism 23 5.0 Input/Output on the QL 24 5.1 Serial I/O 25 5.2 File I/O 26 5.3 Screen and Console I/O 27 6.0 Qdos Device Drivers 31 6.1 Device Driver Memory Allocation 32 6.2 Device Driver Initialisation 32 6.3 Physical Layer 33 6.4 The Access Layer 34 7.0 Directory Device Drivers 38 7.1 Initialisation of a Directory Driver 39 7.2 Access Layer 40 7.3 Slaving 44 8.0 Built-in Device Drivers 46 1 Contents continued 9.0 Interfacing to SuperBASIC 47 9.1 Memory Organisation within the SuperBASIC Area 47 9.2 The Name Table 48 9.3 Name List 49 9.4 Variable Values Area 49 9.5 Storage Formats 50 9.6 Code Restrictions 52 9.7 Linking in New Procedures and Functions 52 9.8 Parameter Passing 52 9.9 Getting the Values -
What Is SMSQ/E? Dilwyn Jones
What Is SMSQ/E? Dilwyn Jones I suppose I am as guilty of anyone else for banding about terminology and names without really giving much of a thought to those QL users who consider themselves less experienced users and who may still be using an original black box QL. So, I thought I'd discuss the alternative operating system called SMSQ/E in this article and go through exactly what it is, what sort of system you need to run it and what benefits it can bring you. First of all, what is an Operating System? It's a core program on a computer which controls the computer, handles the devices with which you and the computer communicate (screen, keyboard, etc), and generally provides the bits of code that your programs need to make use of to run on the computer. On the QL, unlike many computers, this Operating System is built into the machine on a couple of ROM (Read Only Memory) chips inside the QL. While this is convenient to allow the computer to start up quickly, it does mean that to upgrade the system on a computer like the QL you'd normally have to replace the original ROM chips with more recent ones. The operating system built into a QL is called QDOS (which stands for QL Disk Operating System, although many people have assigned other sometimes more frivolous names!). The ROM chips holding the QDOS operating system also includes the SuperBASIC interpreter which runs any BASIC programs you write on the QL. Over the years, various people have come up with replacement ROM chip sets to replace the original QDOS. -
1984 Sinclair Research QL Launch Press
,L --m -u --c ID 11 128Kmemory 32-bit processor Professional keyboard Two Microdrives built in High-resolution colour display Software included: spreadsheet, database, word-processing, business graphics Incalr• • Sheer professional power in the special Sinclair style 5iinl::lair 1 QL -the Sinclair quantum leap In 1980, Sinclair startled the world with a computer for less than £100. It had 1K RPM. It had a black-and-white display. By today's standards, it was almost primitive. But it worked -and the ZX80 started Britain's compu er revolution. Fou r years - and ree com puters -later, Sinclair is intro ducing a product: . is even more revolutionary than the ZX80: the Sinclair OL I e::>resents a quantum leap in personal micro capability The S' rO L.- o~ers an incredible 128K RPM-expandable to 640K uses 2. 3 - - "ocessor - e advanced Motorola 68008 chip. ~ e e .. ' a suite of four programs which 1ex isting micros. 1 -I iaodrives, each offering 1OOK of storage ata. - as e orking capability; a full-size OWERTY keyboard; operating system - ODOS - which accommodates .-tasking It drives colour and monochrome monitors and TV, incorporates RS-232-C serial interfaces, accepts joystick cursor control ... It allows you to do more than any other micro available today. It tackles business routines with confidence. It plays games of altogether exceptional sophistication. It makes the most complex programs simpler and faster to write or run. And because it's so powerful, it's uniquely user-friendly-gentle and helpful with beginners, flexible and responsive to advanced programmers. In fact, the Sinclair OL matches and surpasses the performance of machines costing thousands of pounds. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman.