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Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25Th Anniversary 2009
Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Sinclair QL "the Mac that never was..." Urs König (aka cowo) currently on sabbatical, Lucerne, Switzerland 22.10.2009 / KU / R00 Agenda 1. Introduction 2. The vision 3. How it started, developed, got launched 4. How it survived after it has been axed 5. Q&A "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 1 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Introduction 1981 "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 2 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 Two old friends made a handshake 1982 "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 3 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 As often it began in a parc in Palo Alto… but this time not only at XEROX’s parc David Karlin: Worked for Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp in Palo Alto until July 1982 as research engineer developing DSP chips. Was working on DEC VAX VMS multitasking OS. Was impressed by the XEROX Star workstation with GUI he saw at XEROX PARC while visiting. Wanted to create a micro that could do the same or more. Wanted to return back home to England. Joined Sinclair Research in Cambridge in August 1982, became the head of QL hardware development. "QL & Mac are 25" international event Oct 31st/Nov 1st 2009 Verkehrshaus, Lucerne, Switzerland 4 Sinclair QL & Apple Macintosh 25th anniversary 2009 1983 Codename Design Research Development "QL & Mac -
Sinclair QL Preservation Project
AMIGA FUTURE SPECIAL 35 History Special – Links RWAP Software: http://www.rwapsoftware.co.uk/index.html TF Services: http://tfs.firshman.co.uk/ql/ Jochen Merz/QL Today: SINCLAIR QL – http://www.j-m-s.com/smsq/index.htm Q60: http://www.q40.de/ QPC: http://www.kilgus.net/ QDT: http://www.jdh-stech.com/QDT/qdt.html AN OLD RELATIVE Launchpad: http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/gen/ When the Amiga was introduced in 1985 it didn’t excite people with just its outstanding multi- launchpad/launchpad.html media capabilities, but also because of its use of the, at the time, brand new 68000 processor Quanta: http://www.quanta.org.uk/ from Motorola. Just like the Apple Macintosh and the Atari ST it was a representative of a new QL on the Amiga: generation of computers. But at that time there was another competitor in this new market: http://www.mswift.unisonplus.net/ql/index.html The Sinclair QL. In this special we would like to take a closer look at this relatively unknown http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/emu/index.html competitor. QL/Mac event Don’t be afraid, we are not http://www.qlvsjaguar.homepage.bluewin.ch/ turning Amiga Future into index_no_frames.html “68000” magazine (who remembers that) and will nat- urally stay true to the Amiga. But from time to time it’s inter- esting to look a bit beyond the confines of the Amiga and look at other computers with a 68000 processor that com- peted with the Amiga in the mid 80s. The Apple Macintosh has made it into mainstream by now and is, albeit in a changed form, a fixed factor in the computer market. -
Sinclair User Is Published Monthly 29 COMPETITION WINNER We Profile the Winner of Our first Competition
June 1982 The independent magazine for the independent user •••• NOWA • RPM ,. ZX SPECTRUM: CLIVE DOES IT AGAIN We interview Nigel Searle, head of Sinclair's computer division A mother's view of the computer generation Meet the winner of our first competition Eight pages of programs Plus: helpline, mind games, new products, book reviews AMAZE ADVENTURE GAME FOR rifi ZOGS is a brand new game for the 16K ZX81, unlike any other game you've seen on the ZX81. This is without doubt the best game available for this computer, and if you don't believe us, ask somebody who has seen it, or go down to your local computer shop and ask for a demonstration. mAZOGS is a maze adventure game with very fast-moving animated graphics. A large proportion of the program is written in machine code to achieve the most amazing graphics you have ever seen on the Df.81. You will be confronted by a large and complex Maze, which contains somewhere within it a glittering arid fabulous Treasure You not only have the Please se nd int problem of finding the treasure and bringing it out of the maze, you must also face Oty itern Price the guardians of the maze in the form of a force of fearful Mazogs. Even if you survive their attacks you could still starve to death if you get hopelessly lost. B, Fortunately, there are various ways in which you can get help on this dangerous For E10 0 0 inclusive mission. 9 There are three levels of difficulty, and the game comes complete with i e nclose• cne que / P 0 comprehensive instructions. -
Ql Technical Review Issue 1
ISSUE1 £1.20 l !'. .tl ' T' n~ ., / ·u' W '' EDITORIAL & NEWS 2 THOR SCENE 3 QRAM REVIE\-1 4...,.7 MAKING A QL MONSTEK 8..,..14 BITS AND PIECES 14&23 .~. ~OOLKIT II REVIEW 15-,.16 MACHINE CODE TUTORIAL {PART 1) 17..,.23 IDIS DISASSEMBLER REVIEW 24...,.25 REPAIRS FOR THE QL? 26 CP/M 68K ON THE QL '27-30 LIGHTNING AND SPEEDSCREEN REVIEW 31.:.32 SUBSCRI~TIONS £5.00 FOR 4 ISSUES FROM.C.G.H. SERVICES, CWH GWEN HALL, PENCADER, DYFED, CYMRU. SA 39 9HA •.,.· .. EDITED BY RICHARD ALEXANDER PUBLISHED BY C.G.H. SERVICES. Not a lot to'report here that I have first It has taken a lot longer than I expected hand experience of. Obviously Miracle and to get this issue of QL Technical Review Rebel Electronics' hard disk systems will out. Let's hope it doesn't take another appeal to those wanting to store large year to do the next issue. This magazine amounts of data. Probably this will make grew out of QL Adventurers' Forum and the it possible to at last run bulletin boards work several of us had been doing on CGH on the QL and also more PC software. Maybe Services' products. We reckoned that the people will take the leap from mdvs to experience we had gained and the hard disks and miss out floppies comparative value of the products we use altogether? If you have a hard disk then may be of interest to other QL users. If let us know how you're getting on with it. -
QL· Technical Guide
QL· Technical Guide by Tony Tebby and David Karlin Edited by Michèle Wright First published in 1985 Sinclair Research Ltd 25 Willis Road, Cambridge CB1 2AQ, England ISBN 1 850160368 Documentation and packaging © Sinclair Research Ltd sinclair logo, QL and QL Technical Guide are Registered Trade Marks of Sinclair Research Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this program, documentation or packaging may be reproduced in any form. Unauthorized copying, hiring, lending or sale and repurchase prohibited. Made in the UK. Contents \ 1.0 About this Guide 4 2.0 Introduction to Qdos 6 2.1 Memory Map 7 2.2 Calling Qdos Routines 10 2.3 Exception Processing 14 2.4 Start-up 16 3.0 Machine Code Programming on the QL 17 3.1 Jobs 17 3.2 SuperBASIC Procedures and Functions 20 3.3 Tasks 21 3.4 Operating System Extensions 21 4.0 Memory Allocation 22 4.1 Heap Mechanism 23 5.0 Input/Output on the QL 24 5.1 Serial I/O 25 5.2 File I/O 26 5.3 Screen and Console I/O 27 6.0 Qdos Device Drivers 31 6.1 Device Driver Memory Allocation 32 6.2 Device Driver Initialisation 32 6.3 Physical Layer 33 6.4 The Access Layer 34 7.0 Directory Device Drivers 38 7.1 Initialisation of a Directory Driver 39 7.2 Access Layer 40 7.3 Slaving 44 8.0 Built-in Device Drivers 46 1 Contents continued 9.0 Interfacing to SuperBASIC 47 9.1 Memory Organisation within the SuperBASIC Area 47 9.2 The Name Table 48 9.3 Name List 49 9.4 Variable Values Area 49 9.5 Storage Formats 50 9.6 Code Restrictions 52 9.7 Linking in New Procedures and Functions 52 9.8 Parameter Passing 52 9.9 Getting the Values -
What Is SMSQ/E? Dilwyn Jones
What Is SMSQ/E? Dilwyn Jones I suppose I am as guilty of anyone else for banding about terminology and names without really giving much of a thought to those QL users who consider themselves less experienced users and who may still be using an original black box QL. So, I thought I'd discuss the alternative operating system called SMSQ/E in this article and go through exactly what it is, what sort of system you need to run it and what benefits it can bring you. First of all, what is an Operating System? It's a core program on a computer which controls the computer, handles the devices with which you and the computer communicate (screen, keyboard, etc), and generally provides the bits of code that your programs need to make use of to run on the computer. On the QL, unlike many computers, this Operating System is built into the machine on a couple of ROM (Read Only Memory) chips inside the QL. While this is convenient to allow the computer to start up quickly, it does mean that to upgrade the system on a computer like the QL you'd normally have to replace the original ROM chips with more recent ones. The operating system built into a QL is called QDOS (which stands for QL Disk Operating System, although many people have assigned other sometimes more frivolous names!). The ROM chips holding the QDOS operating system also includes the SuperBASIC interpreter which runs any BASIC programs you write on the QL. Over the years, various people have come up with replacement ROM chip sets to replace the original QDOS. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman. -
Your Format - QL
Your Format - QL QL columns from New Computer Express magazine in the 1980s. Written by Paul Connell, Eric Simmonds, Robert Myers and John Torofex. At various times, these columns were called either “QL Corner” or just “Your Format >QL” These columns are reproduced as one per page in date order. If anyone has copies of further columns from this series, I’d be very pleased to scan them and add to this document. YOUR FORMAT – QL 12/11/1988 The emulation game With the Atari ST now running a creditable QL Emulator and the QL running a CP/M Emulator, news is of a PC emulator for the QL in the final stages of polishing. It is the lack of volume of some forms of business and bespoke software which is the biggest frustration to QL users, and this emulator may be the best solution. The writers have employed some ingenious tricks to speed up the resulting product on the QL. It appears DOS spends a lot of its time doing error checking and housekeeping which would be taken care of by the native QDOS built in to the QL anyway, so a large part of the normal DOS kernel is redundant. The QL was offered with the Psion suite as an all-in package and as a result there was never any market in the formative years for alternative spreadsheet/database systems. The major software item to influence QL development has been the Superbasic compilers. Thts emulator, when released, will equal their impact. Discover DiscOVER DiscOVER is a utility that is a lifesaver to those who need to transfer data from QL to PC and/or back. -
Retromagazine 00 Eng.Pdf
EDITORIAL SUMMARY Welcome to our first international issue! RetroMagazine is a well underway project started in Page 3 ◊ The best version of BASIC October 2017 by a small group of Italian retrocomputing Page 6 enthusiasts. ◊ Don’t ever buy a Vectrex! Page 11 Yes, we know, there are many magazines dedicated to ◊ The .d64 format – part 1 retrogames and they are gorgeous; so why the need for an Page 16 additional homebrew fanzine? ◊ Interview with Gideon Zweijtzer How many times reading those publications have you felt Page 20 ◊ Sinclair QL: mistakes, misfortune and so that something was missing? There are lot of nice pictures and a good variety of games, but... where is the code? many regrets Where are the explanations of programming techniques? Page 30 ◊ Cyrus (ZX SPECTRUM) VS. Colossus Where is the real experience of the end users? (ATARI 800XL) The idea behind our project is to reproduce the same Page 33 ◊ HIBERNATED 1 (Amiga/C64) feeling as the glorious magazines back in the day. Page 34 Magazines like Amstrad Computer Users, Bit, Compute!'s ◊ CIVILIZATION (MS DOS) Gazette, Input... They all taught tons of pimply boys the Page 37 basis of coding on their home computers! Those magazines ◊ THE PAWN (All platforms) used to contain a good balance of programming examples, hardware insights and game reviews. People involved in the preparation of this issue In memory of those magazines we adopted the shape of a PDF fanzine, instead of a more modern blog or website, to fully revitalize the spirit of the good old times. • Robin Jubber • Gianluca Girelli Do you remember the feeling while awaiting for the next issue? We want to recreate that and also give a second • Francesco Fiorentini • Leonardo Giordani chance to anybody who missed out on learning these things as a kid. -
Un Nuovo Clone Italiano Editoriale
Rivista aperiodica di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum N°12 anno 2006 Copyleft 2004 - 2006 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: Editoriale 4 - Nuovo software per 1 - Badalòc: un nuovo Zx 81 clone italiano 5 - Emulatori: non solo 2 - Nuovi giochi per pc Carissimi lettori, innanzi tutto mi questo sara' un numero ricco di Bel Paese: il Minigame 2005 è 2 - Uno Zx dentro una 5 - Il QL visto da vicino scuso con tutti voi per la lunga notizie e approfondimenti che stato nuovamente vinto dal tastiera 6 - QL news nonché agoniata attesa con la spero siano di vostro gradi- nostro Paolo Ferraris con la 3 - Screen$ come opere quale esce il numero che state mento visto che il 2006 e' seconda versione di 4K Race. d'arte 6 - Bill Gates e il Timex 1500 leggendo. Ciò è dovuto a diversi iniziato con tante interessanti Non mi resta che augurarvi una 3 - Virtual Tr-Dos 6 - RND: numeri davvero problemi personali e in parte novita' tra le quali un nuovo piacevole lettura e vi invito come 3 - DivIDE: quanti file casuali? voluta appositamente per elu- clone nato nientepopodimeno- sempre a scrivere ed inviare system! 6 - Zx Webcam dere il fastidioso e a mio parere che in Italia. In attesa di poterlo articoli all'indirizzo: 3 - L'hobby dismesso inutile balzello imposto per l'edi- vedere "dal vivo" a Varese nel [email protected] 7 - Spectrum Robot 3 - Uno Spectrum "All in toria italiana sulle riviste periodi- prossimo "Varese Retrocompu- one"! 7 - Linux su Zx che. Bene, dopo tutto questo ting 2006" ci tengo a segnalare S. -
Sinclair Research Ltd QL Software
QL software developer's auide by Tony Tebby and David Karlin edited by Mich~Le Wright Page 2 Contents 1 .0 A80UT TrlIS GUIDE . • 4 2.0 INTRODUCTION TO ODOS 5 2.1 Memory Map . • • • 6 2.2 CalLing Qdos Routines S 2.3 Exception Processing. 11 2.4 Sta rt-up . 12 3.0 ~ACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING ON THE O-L 14 3.1 Jobs . • • . 14 3.2 SuperBASIC Procedures And Functions 16 3.3 Tasks •..•.•...•• 17 3.4 Operating System Extensions 17 4.0 MEMORY ALLOCATION 17 4.1 Heap Mechanism ••. 18 5.0 INPUT/OUTPUT ON THE QL 19 5.1 SeriaL I/O .•.. 19 5.2 Fi Le I/O . • . 20 5.3 Screen And ConsoLe I/O 21 6.0 ODDS DEVICE DRIVERS . , 25 6.1 Device Driver Memory ALLocation 25 6.2 Device Driver InitiaLisation 26 6.3 Physica L Layer •.•...... 26 6.4 The Access Layer . • . • • . 27 7.0 DIRECTORY DEVICE DRIVERS • . • . 3D 7.1 InitiaLisation Of A Directory Driver '. 30 7.2 Access Layer • . • . 31 7.3 Slaving .• . 34 8.0 8UILT-IN DEVICE DRIVERS 36 9.0 INTERFACING TO SUPEREASIC 37 9.1 Memory Organisation Within The SuperBASIC Area 37 9.2 The Name Table •.• 38 9.3 Name List .•..• 39 9.4 Variable VaLues Area 39 9.5 Storage Formats 39 9.6 Code Restrictions 41 9.7 Linking In New Procedures And Functions 41 9.8 Parameter Passing ..•••••.••• 42 9.9 Getting The VaLues Of ActuaL Parameters 42 9.10 The Arithmetic Stack Returned VaLues 43 9.11 The ChanneL TabLe •.•. -
3 Editorial 4 News German Office & Publisher: Jochen Merz Software Tel
Volume 14 lssue 3 March - May dc 2010 The Magazine about QL, QDOS, Sinclair Computers, SMSQ... ,,::.::li,li,it at:;.t/.i:ta. ta:,::al.:t:tai,.t:..ii;:. www.Q,LToday.corn 3 Editorial 4 News German office & Publisher: Jochen Merz Software Tel. r49 203 502011 6 Gee Graphics - Part 48 H.L. Schaaf Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 302 Fax +49 2O3 5O2OI2 47169 Duisburg email: [email protected] 8 QL Firmware Bugs Myths - Part 3 Germany email: [email protected] Epilogue Tony Tebby Editor: Geoff Wicks Tel. ,44t332 271366 3.0 for Windows Q-emulator Flat 5b ema il: [email protected] Daniele Terdina Wordsworth Avenue email: [email protected] Derby DE24 9HQ 11 Easy PEasy - Part 1 Norman Dunbar United Kingdom t7 BASIC Programming Aids - Part 1 Co-Editor & UK Office: +442O7t93A539 Dillwyn Jones Bruce Nicholls Tel 38 Derham Gardens Fax +44 870 0568755 Upminster emaiL qltoda@-+d.demon.co.uk Coping with Change George Cwilf 20 Essex RM14 3HA email: QlToday@j{n-s.com Uniled Kingdom 23 Lucerne "QL & Mac are 25" show - The lost treasures in-depth QL lodop is published four times a yeaf our volume Urs Konig begins on beginning o{ June. Please contact the German or tnglish office for current subscription rates or visit our 30 25 Years - Part 2 Tony Tebby homepa ge wwwOLTODAYcom. +IA1 Strategy Stephen Poole We welcome your comments, suggestions and articles. YOU make QLlodty possible. We are constantly changing and adiusting to meet your needs and requirements. Articles for publication should be on a 3.5" disk (DD or HD) or sent via Email.