Project Aneurin (Part 10, 1915)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Project Aneurin (Part 10, 1915) The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 10 - 1915 (1st January to 31st December) Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2015-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 GMT 10th Match 2015. This version 09:00 GMT 1st March 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims Master References List BACKWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603-1661 Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764-1815 Part 7 - Economic Wars, 1816-1869 Part 8 - The War Machines, 1870-1894 Part 9 - Insults at the Weigh-In, 1895-1914 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1914 FORWARD IN TIME Part 10 - The War Itself, 1916 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1917 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1918 Part 11 - Deception as a Profession, 1919 to date The Timeline Items For ease of back-reference this next entry is repeated from the end of 1914 ******************* MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ******************* ******************* MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ******************* ******************* MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ******************* Note: Those battalions earmarked for 53rd [Territorial] (Welsh) Division are identified thus [53rd (from 5th August)]; those battalions subsequently brought together to serve in 38th (Welsh) Division are identified thus [38th (from 29th November 1915)]. 1915 [Friday 1st January] Present Location of Welsh Units: Not a lot has changed during December. Here is the status of the British Army's essentially Welsh units at the end of the fifth month of the war ... ROYAL WELCH FUSILIERS (the ancestral 23rd Regiment of Foot [<=1881 (1st July)]) The decimated 1st Bn [<=7th December] has now been rebuilt and is back in France with 1st Division. 2nd Bn[38th (from 29th November 1915)], having been in France since mid-August, remains part of 6th Division [1st December<=>2015 (1st February)]. The reserve battalion, the eight territorial battalions, and the first nine service battalions remain as previously listed [<=1st December]. No further territorial battalions were mobilised during December. No further service battalions were created during December. SOUTH WALES BORDERERS (the ancestral 24th Regiment of Foot [<=1881 (1st July)]) The decimated 1st Bn has now been rebuilt and is back in France with 1st Division. 2nd Bn [4th December<=>12th January] is at sea, returning from the Far East. The reserve battalion, the two territorial battalions, and the first seven service battalions remain as previously listed [<=1914 (1st December)]. No further territorial battalions were mobilised during December. One more service battalion was created during December, namely 11th [(Service)] (2nd Gwent) Bn[38th (from 29th November 1915)] at Brecon. THE WELCH REGIMENT (the ancestral 41st and 69th Regiments of Foot [<=1881 (1st July)]) 1st Bn has just got back from India and has been assigned to 28th Division. The decimated 2nd Bn has now been rebuilt and is back in France with 1st Division. The reserve battalion, the first seven territorial battalions, and the first nine service battalions remain as previously listed [<=1914 (1st November)]. One further territorial battalion was mobilised during December, namely 2/6th [(Territorial)] (Glamorgan) Bn at Swansea. One further service battalion was created during December, namely 17th [(Service)] (1st Glamorgan) Bn[38th (from 29th November 1915)] at Cardiff. THE (TERRITORIAL) WELSH ARMY I - INFANTRY The following territorial infantry regiments in Wales (sometimes also in the border counties of England) are mobilising in their respective garrison town(s) ... THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT No change during December 1914 [last substantive comment <=1914 (1st November)]. THE HEREFORDSHIRE REGIMENT During December 1/1st Bn has relocated to Bury St. Edmonds, Suffolk, and 2/1st Bn has relocated to Aberystwyth [next substantive comment =>1915 (24th April)]. THE MONMOUTHSHIRE REGIMENT The 1/2nd Bn [2nd December<=>1st February] is still in France with 4th Division. Those units already assigned to 53rd (Welsh) Division remain in training at Northampton. II - MOUNTED No change during December 1914 [last substantive comment <=1914 (1st November)] [next substantive comment =>1915 (1st November)]. THE (REGULAR) "WELSH ARMY" No change during December 1914 [last substantive comment <=1st October]. ***************** END OF MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ****************** ***************** END OF MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ****************** ***************** END OF MONTHLY UPDATE, DECEMBER 1914 ****************** 1 1915 [Friday 1st-12th January] The Battles of the Cuinchy Brickstacks [I - Early January]: [New sub-thread] This comparatively localised series of actions takes place in the early weeks of 1915 at Cuinchy [maplink at 10th October] on the otherwise generally quiet La Bassée front [<=1914 (27th October)] between local elements of Crown Prince Rupprecht's [1914 (20th December)<=>13th May] Sixth (Bavarian) Army and Haig's [1914 (26th December)<=>10th March] First Army. The first action is on 1st January when the Germans attempt to snip off the half-mile deep mini-salient where the British line snakes through a pre-war brickyard. They achieve minor gains which British counter-attacks on 1st, 2nd, and 10th January succeed in recovering, only to lose again in a renewed German attack on 12th January [sub-thread continues at 25th January ...]. [THREAD = WW1 MAJOR BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS] 1ASIDE - THE BRICKSTACKS: 2nd Bn Royal Welch Fusiliers [1st January<=>1st February] were in the Cuinchy sector later in 1915 and one of their officers described the brickstacks as follows ... "These large compact piles, roughly 35 feet square by 18 feet in height, were adapted as observation, sniper, and machine-gun posts. In and beneath them were dug-outs giving perfect cover, but many men on the surface were injured by flying fragments of brick. To the stacks the area owed at all times a grandeur I never saw on any other part of the organised front. [...] Trenches were named mostly after London streets. [...] Fatigues were heavy in this sector, so constant was the need to repair dilapidations owing to shelling" (Dunn, 1938, p143). ********** A WIZARD WHEEZE1 ********** 1915 [Friday 1st-13th January] The Dardanelles and Gallipoli Campaigns [I - The Mission Conceived]: [New sub-thread] Having been asked by the Russian Chief-of-Staff Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich [Wikipedia biography=>13th July] for a British and French diversionary attack against the western possessions of the Ottoman Empire in order to take some pressure off his hard-pressed armies in the Caucasus, Kitchener [1914 (27th October)<=>16th February] visits First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill [1914 (15th December)<=>25th January] to discuss what might be done, and where. Churchill replies that the best diversionary effect would come from threatening the Turkish capital Constantinople [= modern Istanbul; map, etc.] itself, and that the best way of doing that would be to stage an operation in the Dardanelles ... ASIDE - THE DARDANELLES: Like some gargantuan Villa d'Este water feature, the rivers which drain Southern Europe into the Black Sea [map, etc.] - primarily (from west to east) the Danube, the Dnieper, and the Don - deliver a "positive water balance" of 300 cubic kilometres [!] of rainwater a year down into the Aegean Sea through a 150-mile series of channels and pools. Geologically speaking this is all down to the "plate tectonics"[Wikipedia factsheet] of the region, and specifically to the North Anatolian Fault [Wikipedia factsheet]. The first 15-mile descent - "the Bosphorus" [map, etc.] - drops between 20cm and 40cm depending on time of year (Alpar, Dogan, Yuce, and Altiok, 2000), giving a downstream flow speed of some four miles an hour. Istanbul itself is at the southern end of the Bosphorus, where the waters flow out into the 70-mile long Sea of Marmara [map, etc.]. At the south-western end of the Sea of Marmara the coastlines gradually close together, the channel being 15 miles wide at the port of Şarköy [map, etc.] but only two miles wide at Gelibolu/Gallipoli [map, etc.]. From here the channel is known to the Greeks as the Hellespont, to the Turks as the Çanakkale Boğazı, and to the English-speaking world as "the Dardanelles". The next descent - 25 miles long - is more or less straight and more or less consistently three miles wide, and runs from Gallipoli down to Çannakale [map, etc.], where there is
Recommended publications
  • The Gallipoli Campaign Can in Large Measure Be Placed on His Shoulders
    First published in Great Britain in 2015 P E N & S W O R D F A M I L Y H I S T O R Y an imprint of Pen & Sword Books Ltd 47 Church Street Barnsley South Yorkshire S70 2AS Copyright © Simon Fowler, 2015 ISBN: 978 1 47382 368 6 EPUB ISBN: 978 1 47385 188 7 PRC ISBN: 978 1 47385 195 5 The right of Simon Fowler to be identified as Author of the Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. Typeset in Palatino and Optima by CHIC GRAPHICS Printed and bound in England by CPI Group (UK), Croydon, CR0 4YY Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime, Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe. For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact PEN & SWORD BOOKS LTD 47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk CONTENTS Preface Dardanelles or Gallipoli? Chapter 1 Gallipoli – an Overview ANZAC LANDING Chapter 2 Soldiers’ Lives SCIMITAR HILL Chapter 3 Getting Started DEATH AND THE FLIES Chapter 4 Researching British Soldiers and Sailors LANDING ON GALLIPOLI Chapter 5 Researching Units WAR DIARY, 2ND BATTALION, SOUTH WALES BORDERERS, 24–5 APRIL 1915 Chapter 6 The Royal Navy Chapter 7 Researching Dominion and Indian Troops Chapter 8 Visiting Gallipoli Bibliography PREFACE There is no other way to put it.
    [Show full text]
  • Samai King Gifted and Talented Online Anzac Day: Why the Other Eight Months Deserve the Same Recognition As the Landing
    THE Simpson PRIZE A COMPETITION FOR YEAR 9 AND 10 STUDENTS 2016 Winner Western Australia Samai King Gifted and Talented Online Anzac Day: Why The Other Eight Months Deserve The Same Recognition As The Landing Samai King Gifted and Talented Online rom its early beginnings in 1916, Anzac Day and the associated Anzac legend have come to be an essential part of Australian culture. Our history of the Gallipoli campaign lacks a consensus view as there are many Fdifferent interpretations and accounts competing for our attention. By far the most well-known event of the Gallipoli campaign is the landing of the ANZAC forces on the 25th of April, 1915. Our celebration of, and obsession with, just one single day of the campaign is a disservice to the memory of the men and women who fought under the Anzac banner because it dismisses the complexity and drudgery of the Gallipoli campaign: the torturous trenches and the ever present fear of snipers. Our ‘Anzac’ soldier is a popularly acclaimed model of virtue, but is his legacy best represented by a single battle? Many events throughout the campaign are arguably more admirable than the well-lauded landing, for example the Battle for Lone Pine. Almost four times as many men died in the period of the Battle of Lone Pine than during the Landing. Statistics also document the surprisingly successful evacuation - they lost not even a single soldier to combat. We have become so enamored by the ‘Landing’ that it is now more celebrated and popular than Remembrance Day which commemorates the whole of the First World War in which Anzacs continued to serve.
    [Show full text]
  • John Patrick Publishing Company, Inc
    Saint George Parish Community Under the Guidance of the Holy Spirit 22 E. Cooke Avenue, Glenolden, PA 19036 - 610-237-1633 - www.stgeorgeparish.org 14th Sunday in Ordinary Time July 4, 2021 Jesus departed from there and came to His na- tive place, accompanied by His disciples. When the sabbath came, He began to teach in the syna- gogue, and many who heard Him were aston- ished. They said, “Where did this Man get all this? What kind of wisdom has been given Him? What mighty deeds are wrought by His hands! Is He not the carpenter, the Son of Mary, and the brother of James and Joses and Judas and Si- mon? And are not His sisters here with us?” And they took offense at Him. Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in His native place and among His own kin and in His own house.” So He was not able to perform any mighty deeds there, apart from curing a few sick people by laying His hands on them. He was amazed at their lack of faith. ~Mark 6: 1-6a Happy Independence Day! God our Father, Giver of life, we entrust the United States of America to Your loving care. You are the rock on which this nation was founded. You alone are the true source of our cherished rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Reclaim this land for Your glory and dwell among Your people. Send Your Spirit to touch the hearts of our nation´s leaders. Open their minds to the great worth of human life and the responsibilities that accompany human freedom.
    [Show full text]
  • In Memory of the Officers and Men from Rye Who Gave Their Lives in the Great War Mcmxiv – Mcmxix (1914-1919)
    IN MEMORY OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN FROM RYE WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE GREAT WAR MCMXIV – MCMXIX (1914-1919) ADAMS, JOSEPH. Rank: Second Lieutenant. Date of Death: 23/07/1916. Age: 32. Regiment/Service: Royal Sussex Regiment. 3rd Bn. attd. 2nd Bn. Panel Reference: Pier and Face 7 C. Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL Additional Information: Son of the late Mr. J. and Mrs. K. Adams. The CWGC Additional Information implies that by then his father had died (Kate died in 1907, prior to his father becoming Mayor). Name: Joseph Adams. Death Date: 23 Jul 1916. Rank: 2/Lieutenant. Regiment: Royal Sussex Regiment. Battalion: 3rd Battalion. Type of Casualty: Killed in action. Comments: Attached to 2nd Battalion. Name: Joseph Adams. Birth Date: 21 Feb 1882. Christening Date: 7 May 1882. Christening Place: Rye, Sussex. Father: Joseph Adams. Mother: Kate 1881 Census: Name: Kate Adams. Age: 24. Birth Year: abt 1857. Spouse: Joseph Adams. Born: Rye, Sussex. Family at Market Street, and corner of Lion Street. Joseph Adams, 21 printers manager; Kate Adams, 24; Percival Bray, 3, son in law (stepson?) born Winchelsea. 1891 Census: Name: Joseph Adams. Age: 9. Birth Year: abt 1882. Father's Name: Joseph Adams. Mother's Name: Kate Adams. Where born: Rye. Joseph Adams, aged 31 born Hastings, printer and stationer at 6, High Street, Rye. Kate Adams, aged 33, born Rye (Kate Bray). Percival A. Adams, aged 9, stepson, born Winchelsea (born Percival A Bray?). Arthur Adams, aged 6, born Rye; Caroline Tillman, aged 19, servant. 1901 Census: Name: Joseph Adams. Age: 19. Birth Year: abt 1882.
    [Show full text]
  • Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD
    Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD [1882 – 1976] Major General Cannan is distinguished by his service in the Militia, as a senior officer in World War 1 and as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General in World War 2. Major General James Harold Cannan, CB, CMG, DSO, VD (29 August 1882 – 23 May 1976) was a Queenslander by birth and a long-term member of the United Service Club. He rose to brigadier general in the Great War and served as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General during the Second World War after which it was said that his contribution to the defence of Australia was immense; his responsibility for supply, transport and works, a giant-sized burden; his acknowledgement—nil. We thank the History Interest Group and other volunteers who have researched and prepared these Notes. The series will be progressively expanded and developed. They are intended as casual reading for the benefit of Members, who are encouraged to advise of any inaccuracies in the material. Please do not reproduce them or distribute them outside of the Club membership. File: HIG/Biographies/Cannan Page 1 Cannan was appointed Commanding Officer of the 15th Battalion in 1914 and landed with it at ANZAC Cove on the evening of 25 April 1915. The 15th Infantry Battalion later defended Quinn's Post, one of the most exposed parts of the Anzac perimeter, with Cannan as post commander. On the Western Front, Cannan was CO of 15th Battalion at the Battle of Pozières and Battle of Mouquet Farm. He later commanded 11th Brigade at the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Broodseinde in 1917, and the Battle of Hamel and during the Hundred Days Offensive in 1918.
    [Show full text]
  • April 1915 / Avril 1915
    World War I Day by Day 1915 – 1918 April 1915 / Avril 1915 La premiere guerre mondiale De jour en jour 1915 – 1918 Friends of the Canadian War Museum – Les amis du Musée canadien de la guerre https://www.friends-amis.org/ © 2019 FCWM - AMCG 9 April 1915 The Bunsen Committee: The powerbroker for the Middle East The British Government was puzzled by what would follow a victory against the Ottoman Empire. All major powers of Europe had a stake in the Middle East and the division of the spoils would inevitably bring some difficulties. For a full century, the carving of the Sick Man of Europe had been postponed by conferences to avoid European wars. Prime Minister Asquith therefore created a committee, on 9 April 1915, under a senior Foreign Office diplomat, Maurice de Bunsen, to propose a policy in regard to the division of the Middle East among Allies. The Bunsen Committee had representatives from the Colonial Office, the Admiralty, the India Office and other relevant departments. The War Office was officially represented by General Sir Charles Calwell, but Kitchener Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) insisted that he should have his own personal representative on the Committee. That representative was Sir Mark Sykes, a Member of Parliament who was well known as a Kitchener hand with some experience in Constantinople, and who would turn out to influence the committee to the point of singlehanded direction. This committee will produce a first report in June 1915 but will continue as a think-tank for the British government on Middle Eastern developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Vincentian Missions in the Islamic World
    Vincentian Heritage Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 Spring 1984 Vincentian Missions in the Islamic World Charles A. Frazee Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj Recommended Citation Frazee, Charles A. (1984) "Vincentian Missions in the Islamic World," Vincentian Heritage Journal: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj/vol5/iss1/1 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentian Heritage Journal by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Vincentian Missions in the Islamic World Charles A. Frazee When Saint Vincent de Paul organized the Congrega- tion of the Mission and the Daughters of Charity, one of his aims was to provide a group of men and women who would work in foreign lands on behalf of the Church. He held firm opinions on the need for such a mission since at the very heart of Christ's message was the charge to go to all nations preaching the Gospel. St. Vincent believed that the life of a missionary would win more converts than theological arguments. Hence his instructions to his dis- ciples were always meant to encourage them to lead lives of charity and concern for the poor. This article will describe the extension of Vincent's work into the Islamic world. Specifically, it will touch on the Vincentian experience in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire (including Turkey, the Near East, and Balkan countries), and Persia (Iran).
    [Show full text]
  • Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-17-2021 Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War Sean Krummerich University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Krummerich, Sean, "Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8808 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Für Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Boroević, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War by Sean Krummerich A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Darcie Fontaine, Ph.D. J. Scott Perry, Ph.D. Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 30, 2021 Keywords: Serb, Croat, nationality, identity, Austria-Hungary Copyright © 2021, Sean Krummerich DEDICATION For continually inspiring me to press onward, I dedicate this work to my boys, John Michael and Riley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of a score of individuals over more years than I would care to admit. First and foremost, my thanks go to Kees Boterbloem, Darcie Fontaine, Golfo Alexopoulos, and Scott Perry, whose invaluable feedback was crucial in shaping this work into what it is today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great War Began at the End of July 1914 with the Triple Entente
    ANZAC SURGEONS OF GALLIPOLI The Great War began at the end of July 1914 with the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) aligned against the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy). By December, the Alliance powers had been joined by the Ottoman Turks; and in January 1915 the Russians, pressured by German and Turkish forces in the Caucasus, asked the British to open up another front. Hamilton second from right: There is nothing certain about war except that one side won’t win. AWM H10350 A naval campaign against Turkey was devised by the British The Turkish forces Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener and the First Sea Lord, Winston Churchill. In 1913, Enver Pasha became Minister of War and de-facto Commander in Chief of the Turkish forces. He commanded It was intended that allied ships would destroy Turkish the Ottoman Army in 1914 when they were defeated by fortifications and open up the Straits of the Dardanelles, thus the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamiş and also forged the enabling the capture of Constantinople. alliance with Germany in 1914. In March 1915 he handed over control of the Ottoman 5th army to the German General Otto Liman von Sanders. It was intended that allied Von Sanders recognised the allies could not take Constantinople without a combined land and sea attack. ships would destroy Turkish In his account of the campaign, he commented on the small force of 60,000 men under his command but noted: The fortifications British gave me four weeks before their great landing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II
    MARCH 23, 2019 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXIX, NO. 35, Issue 4579 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Guns Used by New Zealand Terrorist Had Armenian, Georgian Writing YEREVAN (Armenpress) — Armenia’s Foreign Ministry was in contact with the authorities of New Zealand regarding the note in Armenian and other languages found on one of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in the city of Christchurch, on Friday, March 15, MFA spokesper- son Anna Naghdalyan noted. “We are in contact with New Zealand’s relevant authorities on all issues linked with the incident,” Naghdalyan said. Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old Australian, was charged with the deadly attacks on two mosques in the city, which killed 50 and injured as many. One of the weapons used for the attack on the two mosques in New Zealand was covered with notes in different languages, including Armenian and Georgian, the videos released from the incident show. The Georgian state security service has already The funeral of Armenian Patriarch Mesrob II reacted to these reports, stating that it is cooperat- ing with its partners. The gun covered in white lettering featured the names of King Davit Agmashenebeli and Prince Istanbul Bids Final Farewell to Mesrob II David Soslan, the second husband of Queen Tamar, in Georgian, the Battle of Kagul 1770 (Russian- ISTANBUL (Public Radio of Armenia) referred to the Sisli Armenian cemetery in Zeytinburnu district on March 8 where he Turkish war) and the Battle of Bulair 1913 were — Archbishop Mesrob II Mutafyan, the 84th an area designated for patriarchs for burial.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction the General Experiences of Australian Prisoners
    Introduction The general experiences of Australian prisoners of war in World War I have been neglected in both official and general war histories and accounts of the Anzac tradition. Even more neglected however are the experiences of Australian soldiers captured in theatres of war throughout the Ottoman Empire, including those captured at Gallipoli. Most examples of prisoner of war (POW) writing have concentrated on World War II POWs and the Japanese experience in particular.1 In the Australian War Memorial’s (AWM) collection dealing with Australian war captivity, for example, almost two thirds are concerned with World War II prisoners of the Japanese. Only ‘a tiny one percent’ is devoted to prisoners of the Turks.2 In the event that prisoners of war in Turkey are acknowledged, few sources are consulted. Selected memoirs and autobiographies are used uncritically without corroboration of other historical sources, particularly Turkish sources, to produce an overall picture of unrelieved brutality. It has been suggested that this historical neglect of prisoners of war can be explained by their representations of military failure, creating a sense of national shame. The fact that they have been captured suggests failure of leadership and planning at the highest level and also calls into question ‘the notion which has long been central to our national self-image, that our soldiers are especially competent fighters’.3 It is noteworthy in this context that the source of the Anzac tradition – the Gallipoli campaign – has not produced a scholarly study of the 1 See the following for an assessment of writers on prisoners of war (hereafter POWs): R.
    [Show full text]