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2007 Field Day Proceedings

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WELCOME We deeply appreciate your attendance at this 22nd Annual Goat Field Day of the E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research of Langston University. The Field Day is one of the most important things we do each year. The primary purpose of the Field Day is for education and extension in areas of greatest interest to clientele of the Institute. Thus, please share your thoughts with us on today’s activities and suggestions for the Field Day next year. In addition to extension and education, the Field Day provides an excellent opportunity for the staff of the Institute to meet other people that work with goats. Such inter- action helps make our program the most appropriate it can be for the people it serves. The proceedings of the Field Day is a very useful tool for the Institute beyond impact realized from the program today. First, there are reports on Field Day presentations. After this information, there are highlights of research, exten- sion, and international activities of the Institute in the past year. This section is an aid to assess our recent progress, display current activities, and contemplate future directions to be followed. We hope you will take time later to look through this information. This year’s general theme “Herd Health - Old, New, and Emerg- ing Issues.” I have looked over the articles on these topics in the proceedings, as well as the others, and it looks like we will all learn a great deal of useful new information today. And remember, we attendees also can learn a lot from each other, so let’s all make a point of visiting whenever possible. Here is the exciting program planned for today that has developed from your input. The morning program consists of: • Biosecurity and Prevention Dr. Bruce Olcott • Goat Diseases Dr. Lionel Dawson The afternoon workshops are: • More on Prevention Dr. Bruce Olcott • More on Diseases Dr. Lionel Dawson • Cheesemaking Overview Dr. Steve Zeng • Basic Goat Husbandry Mr. Jerry Hayes • Managing External Pests Dr. Justin Talley • Nutrition for Health and Production Dr. Steve Hart • Tanning Goat Hides Dr. Roger Merkel • Internal Parasite Control Dr. Dave Sparks • DHI Training Ms. Eva Vasquez • Goat Cooking Mr. Willy Young • Body Condition Scoring as a Management Tool Dr. Maristela Rovai • Benefits of Government Programs Mr. Dwight Guy • Fitting and Showing for Youth and Adults Ms. Kay Garrett • Fun Tenth for Youth Ms. Sheila Stevenson Please let us know your wishes for the 2008 field day, and we will do our best to again provide a quality program with requested and timely topics. On behalf of the staff of E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research, we thank you for your continuing interest and support. _______________________________ Tilahun Sahlu Director, E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research Table of Contents BIOSECURITY FOR MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS Dr. Bruce Olcott ...........................................................................................................................................................1 MEAT GOAT HERD HEALTH PROCEDURES AND PREVENTION Dr. Lionel Dawson, Dr. James Allen, and Dr. Bruce Olcott ......................................................................................18 MEAT GOAT HERD HEALTH COMMON DISEASES Dr. Bruce Olcott and Dr. Lionel Dawson ...................................................................................................................45 EXTERNAL PARASITES OF GOATS Dr. Justin Talley .........................................................................................................................................................76 MEAT GOAT NUTRITION Dr. Steve Hart .............................................................................................................................................................81 TANNING GOAT HIDES Dr. Roger C. Merkel .................................................................................................................................................107 INTERNAL PARASITE CONTROL FOR MEAT GOATS Dr. Dave Sparks .......................................................................................................................................................119 BODY CONDITION SCORES IN GOATS Dr. Mario Villaquiran, Dr. Terry Gipson, Dr. Roger Merkel, Dr. Arthur Goetsch, and Dr. Tilahun Sahlu ..............125 FITTING AND GROOMING FOR YOUTH MARKET DOE SHOWS IN OKLAHOMA Ms. Kay Garrett and Mr. Jim and Mrs. Mary Daniel ...............................................................................................132 FITTING AND GROOMING FOR YOUTH MARKET WETHER SHOWS IN OKLAHOMA Ms. Kay Garrett and Mr. Jim and Mrs. Mary Daniel ...............................................................................................133 CURRENT PROGRAM SUMMARY Extension Overview .................................................................................................................................................136 International Overview ............................................................................................................................................150 Research Overview ..................................................................................................................................................156 Research Projects .....................................................................................................................................................157 Experiments in 2006 ................................................................................................................................................162 Abstracts ..................................................................................................................................................................167 Summaries of Recent Journal Articles .....................................................................................................................174 Visiting Scholars (2006/2007) .................................................................................................................................191 Biosecurity for Meat Goat Producers Dr. Bruce Olcott Louisiana State University Introduction The term “biosecurity” is one that seems to have become very popular lately. It is frequently used in the media and usually is associated with terrorists or national security or maybe something that a huge commer- cial livestock corporation would use. However, for anyone involved in livestock enterprises, agriculture in general or just trying to stay healthy, biosecurity is a simple and important tool. Biosecurity programs are any program that attempts to prevent the introduction of disease causing agents into an enterprise. Once a disease is present on farm, then we turn to biocontainment programs to control the spread of disease within the herd. Here is an example of a biosecurity program in action. One of the most common ways for humans to get infected with the common cold is for a person with a cold to sneeze into their hand and then touch a fomite (let’s say a telephone) with that hand. Subsequently, another person handles the telephone and then rubs their eyes with their now contaminated finger. What just happened was the transfer of the virus that causes colds from the respiratory tract of the first person to the mucus membranes of the second person. How could we have prevented the second person from getting a cold? If the sick person had stayed home with his cold (biocontainment) none of this would have happened. If he had used a disposable tissue (sanita- tion) it wouldn’t have happened. If he had washed his hands (disinfection) after sneezing it wouldn’t have happened. If you had washed your hands after handling the phone it wouldn’t have happened. These are all pretty much common sense and we will apply these same principles to your goat operation to minimize the impact of communicable disease. Many producers have the mistaken impression that their herd doesn’t need a biosecurity program. Let’s look at an example where a total lack of biosecurity could wreak havoc on a herd. This is a small group of registered Boer goats. The owners sell goats all over the United States and Canada. One of their neighbors makes them a “real deal” on a goat because it isn’t doing so well. It is obvious that the goat has footrot; it also has a draining abscess under its ear. Not so obvious is the fact that it has multiple drug resistant Haemon- chus in its abomasum and is infected with a bacteria called Chlamydia which causes abortions. In a short space of time all of these disease agents have been spread to the new farm. Now we have foot rot which is a pain in the rear end. Anthelmintics are no longer effective. Goats that have been sold are being sent back because they have abscesses popping up and our pregnant does are aborting. Wow, our goat farm just got real complicated and now no one wants to buy our goats. We are spending all of our time treating sick goats, production is down, and the best buck has an abscess. What a mess and a very simple biosecurity program would have prevented all of this from happening. How do we prevent the entry of an animal that may be carrying a disease into your herd? The simple answer is to never allow any animals into your herd, instead, buy only semen and embryos. While you are at it, put up an 8 foot high security fence around your farm. Never allow animals back on the farm once they leave. Don’t allow any visitors on site
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