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A Short History of the Sikhs

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A Short History of the Sikhs A SHORT H I STOR Y O F TH E SI K HS A A E M . C . H . P Y N , LA TE O F TH E BHO PAL STATE S E R V IC E WI TH I LLU S TR A TION S A ND MA PS T H O M AS N E L S O N A N D S O N S L O N O N E D I N R G H L I N D , B U , D U B , N E W Y O R K A N D O A Y . , B M B C O N T E N T S . I AB A NA AK . B N . I I R O . GU U G VIND S INGH I I I A R Y S TR U C C LES OF TH E H A S A . E L K L I V CO S O OF TH E H A S A . N TITUTI N K L ' V S To POW R OF A J S I NC I I . RI E E R N IT V I CO S OF TH E P JAB . NQUE T UN VI I A M S R A AND CO R OF A J I S C H . D INI T TION U T R N T IN ' V I I I TH E LAS Y AR S OF A J S C H . T E R N IT IN I X D C OF TH E S I K II O AR CH Y . E LINE M N X A AR C H Y . N XI T R S S K H W AR . IIE FI T I XI I R R S H PR C . UNDE B ITI OTE TION XI I I TH E S CO S K H W AR . E ND I XI V XA O — AN D A F R . ANNE TI N TE A X PPENDI A. Chr n i c Table I — The S Gu ru s and o olog al . ikh Co ntemporary Mo ghu l Emperors Chr onolog i cal Table I L— R i se o f the S ikh Po wer Chr on ologi cal Table [ I L— Life an d Reign of Ranj it S in gh Chr n i c T b e I — The s S W ar o olog al a l V. Fir t ikh Chr n i c T b e V — Th e S con S h W ar o olog al a l . e d ik n n 6 C o te ts . X A PPENDI B . Th e Rulers of A fghanistan X C A PPENDI . Notes o n S ome P unjab Trib es X D A PPENDI . Sikhs an d Sin ghs X E A PPENDI . Earliest Editio ns o f the Gran th S ahi b X A PPENDI F . Genealogical Tree of the Families of Maharaj a Ranjit S in gh an d the S i ndhan wali as P X C A PENDI . Bib liography A O LIST OF ILLU STR TI NS . The old n T l an d Tan A m sa F ron ti s i ece G e emp e k , rit r p Ahmad Shah D uran i A n A kali at the En trance to the G olden Temple Amir Dost Mu h ammad Maharaj a Ranj it S ingh Maharaj a Kharak S ingh Prince Nao Nihal S ingh Maharaj a Sher Sin gh Maharaj a Dhu lip S in gh Cou a d of th e old n T m l A m tsa rty r G e e p e, ri r ul a D an of ul an M r j , iw M t The Ran i Jindan Raj a Ghu lab Sin gh Sirdar S her Singh F A LIST O M PS . The Kingdo m o f Lahore I ndia i n the Fifteenth Centu ry S ketch Map to illu strate the First S ikh W ar S ketch Map to illu strate the Second S ikh War THE KINGDOM or LAHORE DuRlNG THE LAS T Y EARS OF SIKH RULE B A LUC HIS TA N S IND A SH O R T H ISTOR Y O F TH E SI K H S . CHAPTER I . A A N AN A B B K . 1 4 6 9 AD a is the fi rst d te in Sikh history . It was a a a a a in this ye r, h lf century before Bab r l id a and t the found tions of the Moghul empire , hirty a a da a a a at a a ye rs before V sco G m l nded C licut , th t a a Baba N n k , the founder of the Sikh community , was . a I n s a born This event, so sm ll it elf, yet fr ught far - a o a at with such re ching consequences , t ok pl ce a a a a a a on a T lw ndi , little vill ge ne r L hore, the b nks of v i the Rat . The Ravi is on e of the five branches o f the river a an an d ab Indus , from which the Punj b (p j , five , , a w ter) , the home of the Sikh people , derives its a . S a are n me These five tre ms the Jhelum , the a a a an d . Chen b , the R vi , the Be s , the Sutlej The Punj ab may be described as the trian gular piece of land lyi ng between the last named tributary an d a e a a the Indus proper, its b se b ing line dr wn from a to a a a Siml the Kh ib r P ss . f h i tory o t e S khs . ( The Si kingdom; at the time of its greatest a a exp nsion under R nj it Singh , included , besides this a at of a an d a tri ngle , the st es K shmir J mmu , on the northern side of the above -mentioned base line ; the a a h a an d a districts of H zar , Pes aw r, Kohat, B nnu , which make up the present North - West Frontier ' 1 and Dera at Province ; the district of j , lying between an a a the Indus d the Sul iman mou ntains. The Punj b is divided into five sections by the branches of th e are a d o an d Indus . These sections c lled doabs ( , two , ab a an d a a , w ter) , their n mes , t ken in order from a are a a Je tch R ech n a west to e st, the S g r , the , the , 2 and a a the Bari , the Jal ndh r Doabs . The Bari an d a a Doab, between the Ravi the Be s , is the re l of and a home the Sikhs , the history of their n tion a a centres round its three chief cities , L hore , Amrits r, ’ and l n MII ta . of a a a a South the Him l y s , the Punj b consists of a a a a and one v st lluvi l pl in , broken only by the wide often shifting channels of its five rivers . These in are a a winter but insignific nt stre ms , but when the a w a mount in sno s begin to melt, their w ters rise an d overflow the surrounding country for miles on a a either side , rendering the tr cts thus inund ted 1 De rajat (th e lan d o f d eras or camps ) was th e campi ng -grou n d of man a n i a Th e i r h a ti n - a e s y of the e rly Afgh an i n vade rs of I d . l g pl c o te n e e o e i n to to n s some o f h i h — su h as e ra I smai f d v l p d w , w c c D l han era ha i han era Patte h han— stil e ar th e name s K , D G z K , D K l b of Af h an hi e s . , c f 2 Th osi ti ons o f th e o a s ma b e e asi reme m e re as th e e p d b y ly b d , me s of th e n ame o f e ach i s co mpo se d o f l e tte rs t ake n fro m th e na h u s th e ari oa i s e t e e n t wo ri ve rs by whi ch i t i s e n clo s e d . T B D b b w th e Beas an d th e R avi ; th e R e chma i s be twe e n th e Ravi and th e Ch e n ab th e Je tch i s be twe en th e Jh e l u m and t h e Che nab ; and u e Th e th e Bi s t Jalan dh ar i s be twe en th e Be as an d th e S tl j .
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