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Independent Review of the Effects of Alcohol Pricing and Promotion

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Independent Review of the Effects of Alcohol Pricing and Promotion ScHARR University of Sheffield: Alcohol pricing and promotion effects on consumption and harm INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL PRICING AND PROMOTION Part A: Systematic Reviews Systematic Review Team Andrew Booth (1) Petra Meier (1) Tim Stockwell (4) Anthea Sutton (1) Anna Wilkinson (1) Ruth Wong (1) Research Team Alan Brennan (1) Daragh O’Reilly (3) Robin Purshouse (1) Karl Taylor (2) Principal Investigator: Petra Meier (1) 1. ScHARR, University of Sheffield 2. Dept of Economics, University of Sheffield 3. Management School, University of Sheffield 4. Centre for Addiction Research BC, University of Victoria, Canada 1 ScHARR University of Sheffield: Alcohol pricing and promotion effects on consumption and harm Project Report for the Department of Health September 2008 Contact: Dr Petra Meier Senior Lecturer in Public Health School of Health and Related Research University of Sheffield, UK Tel (0044) 114 2220735 Email: [email protected] 2 ScHARR University of Sheffield: Alcohol pricing and promotion effects on consumption and harm CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 6 The team .................................................................................................................................... 6 Structure of the report ................................................................................................................ 6 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 7 Aims and Objectives ..................................................................................................... 7 UK alcohol consumption and expenditure trends and patterns .................................... 8 Alcohol-related harms ................................................................................................. 10 Trends in alcohol pricing and promotion ..................................................................... 11 References: Introduction ............................................................................................. 16 Systematic Reviews ................................................................................................................. 17 Background to the reviews ....................................................................................................... 18 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 18 Search strategy .............................................................................................. 18 Sources .......................................................................................................... 18 Search terms .................................................................................................. 21 Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................ 21 Types of studies ............................................................................................. 21 Types of participants ...................................................................................... 22 Types of intervention(s)/exposure(s) ............................................................. 22 Types of outcome measure(s) ....................................................................... 22 Methodological quality ................................................................................... 23 References ............................................................................................................................... 29 Review 1: The effect of pricing and taxation on alcohol consumption ..................................... 30 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 30 1.1.1 Structure of this review ......................................................................... 30 1.1.2 Summary of quantities of evidence by topic ......................................... 30 1.2 Alcohol prices or taxation and the consumption of alcoholic beverages .............. 31 1.2.1 Minimum pricing .................................................................................... 34 1.3 Taxation or pricing studies linked to harm ............................................................ 34 1.4 Implications for particular policy priority groups .................................................... 36 Underage drinkers ......................................................................................... 36 Binge drinkers aged 18-24 ............................................................................. 37 Low income .................................................................................................... 37 Harmful drinkers ............................................................................................. 37 1.5 Summary ............................................................................................................... 38 1.6 References: Review 1 ........................................................................................... 38 1.7 Included studies: Review 1 ................................................................................... 40 Review 2: The effect of promotion on alcohol consumption .................................................... 80 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 80 2.1.1 Structure of this review ......................................................................... 80 2.1.2 Summary of quantities of evidence by topic ......................................... 80 2.2 Measuring the impact of alcohol advertising ........................................................ 81 2.3 Specific types of advertising and promotion ......................................................... 82 2.3.1 Price & Point of Sales Promotions ........................................................ 82 2.3.2 Billboard & Print Media ......................................................................... 84 2.3.3 Alcohol related merchandising .............................................................. 85 2.3.4 Broadcast media ................................................................................... 86 2.4 Advertising bans and other restrictions................................................................. 87 2.4.1 Industry self-regulation of alcohol advertising standards ..................... 88 2.5 Counter advertising and public service announcements ...................................... 89 2.6 Implications for particular policy priority groups .................................................... 90 Underage drinkers ......................................................................................... 90 Binge drinkers aged 18-24 ............................................................................. 90 Low income .................................................................................................... 91 Harmful drinkers ............................................................................................. 91 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 91 Advertising and promotions in general .......................................................... 91 Specific types of promotions .......................................................................... 92 Bans and other restrictions ............................................................................ 92 3 ScHARR University of Sheffield: Alcohol pricing and promotion effects on consumption and harm Industry Self Regulation ................................................................................. 93 Counter advertising and public service announcements ............................... 93 Summary ........................................................................................................ 93 2.8 Evidence Tables: Review 2 .................................................................................. 94 2.9. References: Review 2 ........................................................................................ 214 2.10 Included Studies: Review 2 .............................................................................. 215 Review 3: The effect of alcohol consumption on alcohol related harm ................................. 219 3.1 Alcohol consumption and health consequences ................................................ 219 3.1.1 Alcohol and all-cause mortality ........................................................... 225 3.1.2 Coronary heart disease ...................................................................... 228 3.1.3 Stroke .................................................................................................. 229 3.1.4 Neoplastic Diseases ........................................................................... 230 3.1.5 Traffic injuries and deaths ................................................................... 234 3.1.5 Suicides .............................................................................................. 234 3.1.6 Alcohol and sexually transmitted diseases ......................................... 235 3.2 Alcohol consumption and social harm ...............................................................
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