DOCSLIB.ORG

Rasbora Tawarensis) an ENDEMIC SPECIES in LAKE LAUT TAWAR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rasbora Tawarensis) an ENDEMIC SPECIES in LAKE LAUT TAWAR DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN ACEH PROVINCE WITH EMPHASIS ON SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEPIK (Rasbora tawarensis) AN ENDEMIC SPECIES IN LAKE LAUT TAWAR MUCHLISIN Z.A. UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA DECEMBER 2010 DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN ACEH PROVINCE WITH EMPHASIS ON SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEPIK (Rasbora tawarensis) AN ENDEMIC SPECIES IN LAKE LAUT TAWAR by MUCHLISIN Z.A. Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA DECEMBER 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bissmillahirahmannirahim, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Siti Azizah M. Nor for her helpful advice and guidance throughout this project of the research work. I am grateful to the Vice- Chancellor, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, and the Dean, School of Biological Sciences for their permission to use the University and School facilities for my research. My thanks go to the Director General of Higher Education, National Educational Department of Republic of Indonesia for providing DIKTI-LN Scholarship to support my study in University Sains Malaysia. Thanks to the Rector of Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia for giving me permission and kindly granting me study leave to pursue my studies. Parts of the research project were also supported by PGRS-RU USM Grant, small grant from Yayasan Ekosistim Lestari (YEL) – Paneco and small grant for species conservation from The Mohammad bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, for which I express sincere thanks. Thanks are also due to Ms. Maniah, Mr. Safei, Mr. Nur Fadli, Mr. Arie Muhardi, Mr. Hasfiandi, Dr. Edi Rudi, fishermen of Lake Laut Tawar and all members of the Aquaculture Research Group, Universiti Sains Malaysia especially for members of 308 laboratory for their assistance during phases of the study. Lastly, I express my sincere gratefulness and thanks to my wife, Nelly Feryanti and my sons, Muhammad Fayyaz Almizan and Muhammad Farel Alazizia for their trust, support, understanding and encouragement. I am also indebted to my ii parents, Zainal Abidin Djafaris and Nursiah for their constant inspirations and prayer to the Almighty for my success. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………........ iv LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………... viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………...... xi LIST OF PLATES ………………………………………………………………... xiii ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………………… xv ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………..... xix CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Description of Aceh Province ………………………………………… 1 1.1.1 Geography and administration …………………………………………… 1 1.1.2 Socio-economic and cultural …………………………………………….. 3 1.2 General Description of Aceh Tengah District and Lake Laut Tawar ………..... 4 1.3 Current Fisheries Activities in The Lake Laut Tawar ......................................... 6 1.3.1 Capture fisheries ......................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Aquaculture ................................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 Other utilization of the lake …………………………………………........ 8 1.4 Problem Statement................................................................................................ 8 1.5 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................... 10 1.6 Outline of the Study ………………………………………………………........ 11 CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Fish Diversity and Conservation ……………………………………………..... 13 2.2 Quantitative Morphological Variation of Fishes- Morphometrics and Meristics. 17 2.3 Role of Genetic Study in Fisheries, Aquaculture and Conservation………….... 18 2.4 DNA Barcoding……………………………………………………………....... 20 2.5 Reproductive Biology of Fishes ………………………………………………... 22 2.5.1 Reproductive strategy ………………………………………………......... 22 2.5.2 Reproductive system ……………………………………………………... 23 2.5.3 Fecundity …………………………………………………………………. 25 2.5.4 Gonad developmental and spawning frequency ……………………......... 29 2.5.5 Some factors influencing the reproductive performance of fish ……........ 31 2.6 General Introduction to Depik, Rasbora tawarensis…………………………… 34 iv CHAPTER 3 - DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN ACEH PROVINCE 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 37 3.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 39 3.3 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................ 39 3.3.1 Study site and period …………………………………………………….. 39 3.3.2 Sampling, preservation and identification of fishes ……………………… 42 3.3.3 Analysis of biological indices …………………………………………… 42 3.3.4 Multivariate analyses …………………………………………………….. 44 3.4 Results ................................................................................................................. 44 3.4.1 Species composition and distribution ……………………………………. 44 3.4.2 Diversity index (Shannon index) ………………………………………… 52 3.4.3 Evenness and similarity indices ………………………………………..... 52 3.5 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 55 3.5.1 Species composition and distribution ………………………………......... 55 3.5.2 Biological indices ………………………………………………………… 59 3.5.2.1 Diversity index …………………………………………………… 59 3.5.2.2 Evenness and similarity indices ………………………………...... 62 3.6 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………….. 63 CHAPTER 4 - EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION STATUS AND ECONOMIC VALUES OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA 4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………….. 64 4.2 Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 66 4.3 Materials and Methods …………………………………………………………. 67 4.3.1 Sampling, preservation and identification of fishes ……………………… 67 4.3.2 Evaluation of conservation status ………………………………………... 67 4.3.3 Evaluation of economic status …………………………………………… 68 4.3.4 Determination of priority species for further studies ………………….. 68 4.4 Results ………………………………………………………………………….. 69 4.4.1 Conservation status …………………………………………………......... 69 4.4.2 Economic status ………………………………………………………….. 70 4.4.3 Determination of priority species for further study …………………........ 70 4.5 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 79 4.5.1 Conservation status …………………………………………………......... 79 4.5.1.1 Threatened species ……………………………………………...... 79 4.5.1.2 Introduced species ………………………………………………... 84 4.5.2 Economic status ………………………………………………………….. 93 4.5.3 Priority species as a model for conservation and management in Lake Laut Tawar………………………………………………………………... 95 4.6 Conclusions ………………………………………………………………......... 98 v CHAPTER 5 - BARCODING OF THE FISHES IN LAKE LAUT TAWAR WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE MORPHOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR TAXONOMY AMONG THE Rasbora GROUP 5.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………...... 99 5.2 Objectives …………………………………………………………………........ 102 5.3 Materials and Methods ……………………………………………………........ 103 5.3.1 Morphometrics and meristic analyses among three presumed Rasbora taxa ……………………………………………………………………….. 103 5.3.2 Molecular analysis – Barcoding ………………………………………….. 108 5.4 Results ………………………………………………………………………… 111 5.4.1 Morphometrics …………………………………………………………… 111 5.4.2 Molecular analysis……………………………………………………….. 123 5.5 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 138 5.5.1 Morphometric analysis of Rasbora group.…………………………........ 138 5.5.2 Molecular analysis of Rasbora group ……………………………………. 139 5.5.3 Morphometrics versus genetic approaches in Rasbora …………………. 141 5.5.4 Barcoding of freshwater fishes of Lake Laut Tawar …………………….. 143 5.6 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………….. 146 CHAPTER 6 - LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS AND CONDITION FACTORS OF DEPIK Rasbora tawarensis AND KAWAN Poropuntius tawarensis IN LAKE LAUT TAWAR 6.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. ... 147 6.2 Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 148 6.3 Materials and Methods ………………………………………………………… 149 6.3.1 Sampling sites ………………………………………………………......... 149 6.3.2 Length-weight relationships ……………………………………………… 149 6.3.3 Condition factors ……………………………………………………........ 150 6.3.4 Statistical analysis ……………………………………………………….. 151 6.4 Results ………………………………………………………………………..... 151 6.5 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 158 6.5.1 Length-weight relationships ……………………………………………… 158 6.5.2 Condition factors ……………………………………………………........ 160 6.6 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………….. 161 CHAPTER 7 - DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND PRODUCTION TREND OF THE DEPIK (Rasbora tawarensis) IN LAKE LAUT TAWAR 7.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………...... 163 7.2 Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 164 7.3 Materials and Methods …………………………………………………………. 165 7.3.1 Evaluation of seasonal and spatial distribution …………………………... 165 7.3.2 Evaluation of catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) ……………………………… 166 7.3.3 Production trend …………………………………………………………. 166 7.3.4 Statistical analysis ………………………………………………………... 167 7.4 Results ………………………………………………………………………..... 168 7.4.1 Distribution patterns ……………………………………………………… 168 vi 7.4.2 Production trend ………………………………………………………..... 173 7.5 Discussion ……………………………………………………………………… 175 7.5.1 Distribution patterns ……………………………………………………… 175 7.5.2 Estimation of production trend …………………………………………... 179 7.6 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………... 182 CHAPTER 8 - SOME ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE DEPIK Rasbora tawarensis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biological Aspects of Lelan Fish, Diplocheilichthys Pleurotaenia
    Biological aspects of lelan fish, Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia (Cyprinidae) from the upstream and downstream of the Kampar River, Riau Province, Indonesia 1,2Muhammad Fauzi, 1Dahelmi Dahelmi, 1Indra J. Zakaria, 2Usman M. Tang 1 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia; 2 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Corresponding author: M. Fauzi, [email protected] Abstract. Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia is one of native fish present in the Kampar River. This fish used to migrate to downstream area due to reproductive activities. The construction of the Koto Panjang Dam may hamper this activity and also divided the population into 2 groups, the upstream and downstream population. To understand the biological aspects of the fish in both populations and its relationship to the presence of the dam, this study has been conducted from November 2011 to August 2012. The fish was sampled in the Kampar River, in the upstream and downstream of the Koto Panjang Dam. The fish was captured using gill nets monthly for a ten months period. The number of fish captured in the upstream was 7, while that of of the downstream was 228. The sex ratio of the fish is almost balance. The fish from both population shown similar reproductive pattern, there are mature males and females in April and there is no fish caught in May due to reproductive purposes migration. The reproductive activity of the upstream fish is unsucceed as there is no single small fish found. The rarity and the lack of small fish in the upstream population is strongly related to the failure of reproduction due to the construction of the Koto Panjang Dam.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Analysis and Genetic Relationship of Rasbora Spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia Authors: Aimi Wahidah Aminan, Leonard Lim Wh
    Morphometric Analysis and Genetic Relationship of Rasbora spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia Authors: Aimi Wahidah Aminan, Leonard Lim Whye Kit, Chung Hung Hui and Badiozaman Sulaiman *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.3 Highlights • Total of 23 morphometric parameters were used to differentiate the 103 Rasbora samples from Sarawak. • Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was utilised to further distinguish these fishes through phylogenetic analysis. • Pre-anal length identified as strongest morphometric discriminant (100%) and all eight Rasbora species tested are monophyletic except for R. sumatrana and R. caudimaculata. TLSR, 31(2), 2020 © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020 Tropical Life Sciences Research, 31(2), 33–49, 2020 Morphometric Analysis and Genetic Relationship of Rasbora spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia 1,2Aimi Wahidah Aminan, 1Leonard Lim Whye Kit, 1Chung Hung Hui* and 1Badiozaman Sulaiman 1Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Publication date: 6 August 2020 To cite this article: Aimi Wahidah Aminan, Leonard Lim Whye Kit, Chung Hung Hui and Badiozaman Sulaiman. (2020). Morphometric analysis and genetic relationship of Rasbora spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research 31(2): 33–49. https://doi. org/10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.3 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.3 Abstract: The genus Rasbora is one of the most species-rich genus among the freshwater fishes and cryptic diversity has been a major hindrance in species identification in the past four decades due to their high similarities in terms of morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CYPRINIFORMES (part 12) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 16.0 - 9 April 2021 Order CYPRINIFORMES (part 12 of 16) Family SUNDADANIONIDAE 2 genera · 9 species Fangfangia Britz, Kottelat & Tan 2012 -ia, belonging to: the late Fang Fang (1962-2010), “a passionate and productive cypriniform researcher, who left us too early,” for her contribution to danionine taxonomy and phylogeny Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan 2012 spina, thorn; cleithralis, belonging to the cleithrum (main element of dermal shoulder girdle), referring to unique pointed anterior and posterior spines Sundadanio Kottelat & Witte 1999 Sunda, large islands of western Indonesia (Borneo and Sumatra, where it occurs); danio, presumed to be related to Danionidae at the time Sundadanio atomus Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 atom (i.e., an indivisible particle), referring to small size (up to 15.7 mm SL) Sundadanio axelrodi (Brittan 1976) in honor of pet-book publisher Herbert R. Axelrod (1927-2017), who discovered this species in the tanks of a Singapore aquarium fish exporter, for the “introduction of many new species into the aquarium-fish trade, a substantial number of which have proved to be new to science” Sundadanio echinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 hedgehog, referring to large, spiny tubercles on lower jaw of all congeners but first discovered on this species Sundadanio gargula Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 gargoyle, referring to somewhat grotesque of head and throat of tuberculate males Sundadanio goblinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 goblin, referring to small size (characteristic of genus) and somewhat “gnarled” appearance Sundadanio margarition Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 small jewel, referring to shimmering live coloration of all members of genus Sundadanio retiarius Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 Roman gladiator armed with a piece of netting and a trident, referring to reticulated pattern along dorsal surface Sundadanio rubellus Conway, Kottelat & Tan 2011 reddish, referring to live coloration of fins in males Sundadanio atomus.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Structure, Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships, and Condition- and Form-Factors of the Pool Barb Puntius So
    Sains Malaysiana 41(7)(2012): 795–802 Population Structure, Length-weight and Length-length Relationships, and Condition- and Form-Factors of the Pool barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) (Cyprinidae) from the Chalan Beel, North-Central Bangladesh (Struktur Populasi, Hubungan Berat-panjang dan Panjang-panjang, serta Faktor Keadaan dan Bentuk Pool barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) (Cyprinidae) dari Chalan Beel, Utara-Tengah Bangladesh) MD. MOSADDEQUR RAHMAN, MD. YEAMIN HOSSAIN*, MD. ABU SAYED JEWEL, MOHAMMAD MUSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, SALEHA JASMINE, ELGORBAN M. ABDALLAH & JUN OHTOMI ABSTRACT The present study describes the length-frequency distribution, length-weight (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLR), and condition- and form-factors of Puntius sophore wild population from the Chalan beel, north-central Bangladesh. Sampling was done using traditional fishing gears including jhaki jal (cast net), tar jal (square lift net), and dughair (conical trap) during March 2010 to February 2011. For each individual, the total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were measured by digital slide calipers. Individual body weight (BW) was also taken by a digital balance. A total of 185 specimens ranging from 3.62-9.02 cm TL and 0.70-13.20 g BW were analyzed in this study. The length-frequency distribution showed that the 6-7 cm TL size group was numerically dominant and constituted 43% of the total population. The coefficient b of theLWR s indicated positive allometric growth (b>3.00) for P. sophore in the Chalan beel. The results also indicated that the LWRs were highly correlated (r2 > 0.945). The calculated Fulton’s condition factor (K) values ranged from 0.69-2.35, with a mean value 1.64±0.30.
    [Show full text]
  • Muchlisin Z. A., Rinaldi F., Fadli N., Adlim M., Siti-Azizah M. N., 2015
    AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society Food preference and diet overlap of two endemic and threatened freshwater fishes, depik (Rasbora tawarensis) and kawan (Poropuntius tawarensis) in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia 1Zainal A. Muchlisin, 1Fakhrurrazi Rinaldi, 2Nur Fadli, 3Muhammad Adlim, 4,5Mohd N. Siti-Azizah 1 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; 2 Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; 4 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 5 Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. Corresponding author: Z. A. Muchlisin, [email protected] Abstract. Depik (Rasbora tawarensis) and kawan (Poropuntius tawarensis) are endemic and threatened fishes occurring in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia. The populations of both depik and kawan have been declining sharply over the last few decades. Several biological aspects of both species have been previously reported. However, there is no information on the feeding biology of depik and kawan, hence here we present the evaluation of feeding biology of these fishes. Sampling was conducted in July 2013 using gillnets. A total of 42 depik and 45 kawan fishes were examined. The food occurrence, dietary shift, diet similarity and diet overlap were evaluated in this study. Phytoplankton (especially algae) and zooplankton were the primary and secondary food sources, respectively. However, their favorite food were Closteriopsis longissima and Arcella vulgaris. Higher food similarity was observed between length classes of 55-70 mm and 71-85 mm for depik; and between 71-85 mm and 101-115 mm for kawan.
    [Show full text]
  • SCIENCES and ENGINEERING
    AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING VOLUME: 36 ISSUE: 3 2021 E-ISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING VOLUME: 36 ISSUE: 3 2021 E-ISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING Indexing and Abstracting Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) SCOPUS TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM TR Dizin Zoological Record Biological Abstracts BIOSIS Previews CAB Abstract SciLit DOAJ II AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING Owner Prof. Dr. Melek İşinibilir Okyar Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey Responsible Manager Prof. Dr. Devrim Memiş Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey Correspondence Address Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu Caddesi No: 8 34134 Laleli-Fatih / İstanbul, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/journal/ase/home Publisher Istanbul University Press İstanbul University Central Campus, 34452 Beyazıt, Fatih / İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 (212) 440 00 00 Cover Photo Ferhan Çoşkun E-mail: [email protected] İnstagram: instagram.com/exultsoul Authors bear responsibility for the content of their published articles. The publication language of the journal is English. This is a scholarly, international, peer-reviewed and open-access journal published quarterly in January, April, July, and October. Publication Type: Periodical III AQUATIC SCIENCES and ENGINEERING EDITORIAL MANAGEMENT Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Devrim Memiş Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey - [email protected] Co-Editor in Chief Prof. Dr. Özkan Özden Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey - [email protected] Language Editors Alan James Newson Istanbul University, Department of Foreign Languages, İstanbul, Turkey - [email protected] Elizabeth Mary Earl Istanbul University, Department of Foreign Languages, İstanbul, Turkey - [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Grain-Size Distribution in the Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia 1Syahrul Purnawan, 1Ichsan Setiawan, 2Zainal A
    AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society Sediment grain-size distribution in the Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia 1Syahrul Purnawan, 1Ichsan Setiawan, 2Zainal A. Muchlisin 1 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; 2 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia. Corresponding author: S. Purnawan, [email protected] Abstract. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the grain size distribution in Lake Laut Tawar. The study was done in May and June of 2012 at 5 locations: Boom, Klitu, Ujung Mumpar, Bintang and Toweran. The samples were collected using a grab sampler. The collected samples from the respective locations were sun dried and then sieved to examine the grain-size distribution. The result showed that the sediment types were divided into three categories: gravel, sandy gravel and gravelly mud. The Boom location had gravelly mud (predominantly mud) that was well sorted, while gravel was a major portion of the sediment in Ujung Mumpar and it was moderately well sorted. In addition, all of the locations had negatively skewed values, which indicates a coarse-skew particle distribution. Key Words: granulometric analysis, geostatistics, lake sediment, sorting, skewness. Introduction. Grain size is one of the most important sediment parameters and it is necessary to interpret the depositional environments (Friedman & Sanders 1978). Variations in grain size distribution of lake sediments may reflect the earth’s surface processes such as the developmental processes of landforms through changes in precipitation (Sivasamandy & Ramesh 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Muhammad Khalid Zoology BZU Multan.Pdf
    Effect of graded levels of protein in diet on growth, proximate and elemental composition of fingerling Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from Southern Punjab, Pakistan Candidate’s Name: MUHAMMAD KHALID Supervisor: Prof. Dr. MUHAMMAD NAEEM Institute of Pure & Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. THESIS SUBMITTED TO BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY, MULTAN. For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Subject of ZOOLOGY Institute of Pure and Applied Biology (Zoology Division), BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY, MULTAN. STATEMENT AND DECLARATION The work submitted in this thesis under title, “Effect of graded levels of protein in diet on growth, proximate and elemental composition of fingerling Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from Southern Punjab, Pakistan” is fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. I declare that this work is the result of my own investigations and has not already been accepted in substance for any degree, nor is it currently being submitted for any other degree. All author works referred to in this thesis have been fully acknowledged. Candidate______________________ Date___________________________ I certify that above statement is correct Supervisor: ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Muhammad Naeem External Examiner:__________________________________ Director:___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Muhammad Naeem “It Is He Who Has Made The Sea Subject, That Ye May Eat Thereof Flesh That Is Fresh And Tender. And That Ye May Extract There
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation of Snps Associated with Growth Rate in Dusky Kob (Argyrosomus Japonicus), Using Exome Sequencing
    Characterisation of SNPs associated with growth rate in dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus), using exome sequencing by Tassin Jackson Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Clint Rhode, Ph.D., Pr.Sci.Nat. Department of Genetics March 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved I Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Marine living-resources such as dusky kob, (Argyrosomus japonicus) are particularly vulnerable to overfishing as this species has been targeted for decades by commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries, which has led to the steady decline in the natural populations. A shift towards aquaculture as a sustainable alternative supply to the market has been initiated, with considerable efforts being made to understand the fundamental role that genes play in the biological processes influencing complex traits such as growth rate. Although a few studies have been conducted on the species, they have been hindered by the limited number of genomic resources, which is an issue that affects many non-model species. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the transferability of a model organism’s exon capture kit in a non-model species for the development of SNP markers associated with growth.
    [Show full text]
  • A General Overview on Some Aspects of Fish Reproduction
    Aceh Int. J. Sci. Technol., 3(1): 43-52 April 2014 doi: 10.13170/AIJST.0301.05 Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 208 8-9860 Journal homepage: http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/aijst A General Overview on Some Aspects of Fish Reproduction Zainal A. Muchlisin Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Received : March 1, 2014 Accepted : April 29, 2014 Abstract - Reproduction is one of the important physiological systems that are crucial in the life cycle of living organisms including fish. The main objective of the reproduction is to maintain the existence of the species and therefore fish have a strategies and tactics to achieve this objective. The reproduction behaviours are important to be studied in relation to know the population dynamic of fishes and their spawning seasons. This information is very crucial in relation to the development of breeding technology for aquaculture and conservation (restocking) purposes. This paper reviews the reproductive strategy, fecundity and spawning frequency of fishes. Keywords: Fecundity; Spawning frequency; Gonadal development; Synchronous; gonadosomoatic index Introduction In general the reproduction can be defined as a biological process of living organism to inherit the properties of its parent to their offspring in order to ensure the continuing survival of the concerned
    [Show full text]
  • DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abowei, J.F.N., 2009. the Abundance Condition
    DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abowei, J.F.N., 2009. The abundance condition factors and length-weight relationship of some Sardinella madernensis (Jenyms, 1842) froNkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Adv. Journal Food. Sciences. Technology . 1 (1): 66-71 Abidin, Z., Redjeki, S dan Ambariyanto. 2013. Studi kebiasaan makan ikan Layur (Trichiurus lepturus ) di perairan pantai Bandengan Kabupaten Jepara dan di perairan Tawang Weleri Kabupaten Kendal. Journal of Marine research . 2 (3) : 95-103. Abaunza, P., Murta, A.G., Campbell, N., Cimmaruta, R., Comesana, A.S., Dahle G. 2008. Considerations on sampling strategies for an holistic approach to stock identification: The example of the HOMSIR project. Fisheries Research . 89 (2):104–113. Abdurahiman, K.P., Harishnayak, T., Zacharia, P.U and Mohamed, K.S. 2004. Length- weight relationship of commercially important marine fishes and shell fishes ofthe southern cost of Karnataka, India. World Fish Centre Quarterly. 27(1): 9-10 Abu, O.M.G and Agarin, O.J. (2016). Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from the Lower Reaches of the New Calabar River Niger Delta. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2(4): 1-7. Affandi, R, S.S. Djadja, M.F. Rahardjo, Sulistiono. 1992. Iktiologi, suatu pedoman kerja laboratorium. IPB. 344 hlm. Aida, S. N. 2011. Panjang Bobot, kebiasaan makan dan faktor kondisi ikan Baung ( Mystus nemurus ) di sungai Batang Hari. Seminar Nasional VIII Biologi Perikanan . Universitas Gajah Mada . Ajah. P.O., Georgewill. M.N and Ajah. M.O. 2006. The food and feeding habits of five freshwater and brackish-water fish species in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling the Taxonomy of the Subfamily Rasborinae
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Disentangling the taxonomy of the subfamily Rasborinae (Cypriniformes, Danionidae) in Sundaland using DNA barcodes Arni Sholihah1,2, Erwan Delrieu-Trottin2,3, Tedjo Sukmono4, Hadi Dahruddin2,5, Renny Risdawati6, Roza Elvyra7, Arif Wibowo8,9, Kustiati Kustiati10, Frédéric Busson2,11, Sopian Sauri5, Ujang Nurhaman5, Edmond Dounias12, Muhamad Syamsul Arifn Zein5, Yuli Fitriana5, Ilham Vemendra Utama5, Zainal Abidin Muchlisin13, Jean-François Agnèse2, Robert Hanner14, Daisy Wowor5, Dirk Steinke14, Philippe Keith11, Lukas Rüber15,16 & Nicolas Hubert2* Sundaland constitutes one of the largest and most threatened biodiversity hotspots; however, our understanding of its biodiversity is aficted by knowledge gaps in taxonomy and distribution patterns. The subfamily Rasborinae is the most diversifed group of freshwater fshes in Sundaland. Uncertainties in their taxonomy and systematics have constrained its use as a model in evolutionary studies. Here, we established a DNA barcode reference library of the Rasborinae in Sundaland to examine species boundaries and range distributions through DNA-based species delimitation methods. A checklist of the Rasborinae of Sundaland was compiled based on online catalogs and used to estimate the taxonomic coverage of the present study. We generated a total of 991 DNA barcodes from 189 sampling sites in Sundaland. Together with 106 previously published sequences, we subsequently assembled a reference library of 1097 sequences that covers 65 taxa, including 61 of the 79 known Rasborinae species of Sundaland. Our library indicates that Rasborinae species are defned by distinct molecular lineages that are captured by species delimitation methods. A large overlap between intraspecifc and interspecifc genetic distance is observed that can be explained by the large amounts of cryptic diversity as evidenced by the 166 Operational Taxonomic Units detected.
    [Show full text]