Chapter 10 Study Guide 1. How did life change for surviving peasants and serfs after the plague? They began to demand wages for their labor.

2. How was England different from France after the Hundred Years’ War? The English king lost power while the French king gained power.

3. How were class at Europe’s first universities similar to classes today? Students had to take tests.

4. How were the lives or friars different from the lives of monks? Friars lived with the general public; monks lived apart in monasteries.

5. How would you characterize Gothic cathedrals? They had very high ceilings.

6. PASSAGE / ANSWER

7. PASSAGE / ANSWER

8. Put the following in chronological order:  Pope Urban II called on Christians to fight the Muslim Turks  Peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany  Saladin successfully defended Jerusalem against King Richard I  Crusaders attacked Constantinople.

9. Referring to the compromise of 1122, put the following in order from the most powerful to least powerful. Popes  Kings  Bishops Priests

10. What activity helped spread the plague? Trading.

11. What did Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV disagree about? They disagreed on who should be able to select bishops.

Chapter 10 Study Guide 12. What did the English do to protect their rights?  They created a council call Parliament.  Freed the court system of the king’s control  Required everyone to obey the law.

13. What did the plague do from 1347-1351? Reduced Europe’s population by a third.

14. What does the right of habeas corpus mean? One cannot be jailed without reason.

15. What happened as a result of the Crusades? Trade between Europe and Asia increased.

16. What happened during the Reconquista in Spain? Christian kingdoms took back land from the Muslim Moors.

17. What helped unite Castile and Aragon? The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand.

18. What is a heretic? A person who disagrees with the church’s teachings.

19. What is a pilgrim? A person who journeys to a religious location.

20. What kind of art was mostly created in the Middle Ages? Base on religious expression

21. What was the most important result of the Crusades? Trade and exchange of ideas between Europe and Asia increased.

22. What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition? The purpose was to punish and kill heretics and non-Christians in Spain.

Chapter 10 Study Guide 23. What were the duties and powers of the popes during the Middle Ages? Deciding when someone was acting against the church; writing letters called bulls to explain religious teachings; providing guidance on how to live and pray.

24. Where did friars live? In villages.

25. Where did medieval society, markets, festivals, and religious ceremonies take place? The local church.

26. Which leader benefited from cooperating with the pope? Charlemagne benefited.

27. Who did the Christians fight during the Crusades? They fought against the Muslims.

28. Who did the popes come into conflict with when they were trying to increase their power? Kings.

29. Who did the power in Europe shift to after the nobles during the Middle Ages? Power shifted to the kings and popes.

30. Who founded the Eastern Orthodox Church? The bishop of Constantinople.

31. Who helped France win the Hundred Years’ War? Joan of Arc.

32. Who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in Europe? Church leaders did.

33. Why did a split in the Christian Church starting in the 1000s? Bishops in Eastern Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.

Chapter 10 Study Guide 34. Why did the Byzantine emperor ask the pope for help? Muslim Turks threatened Constantinople.

35. Why did the Byzantines distrust western Christians after the Crusades? The Crusaders sacked Constantinople.