Chronological Table of the Middle Byzantine Historians

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The historians are arranged in the order of the known or conjectural date of appearance of their first historical work. Symbols used in this table are as follows:

***Over 90 percent of work probably survives. **Between 50 and 90 percent of work probably survives. *Some but less than 50 percent of work survives. (0/2) Numbers of substantially complete/incomplete manuscripts of original work that sur- vive (excluding later works copied from it).1

1. Trajan the Patrician (c. 665–after c. 720) c. 720 Concise Chronicle** 2. Tarasius(?) (c. 750?–806) c. 781 Continuation of the Concise Chronicle of Trajan the Patrician** 3. George Syncellus (c. 745–c. 813) c. 783 Translation and continuation of the chronicle of Theophilus of Edessa(?)** c. 813 Selection of Chronography*** (9/25) 4. Anonymous (d. after c. 787?) c. 787? Great Chronography, Books I–VIII(?)* (0/1)2 5. Nicephorus (c. 758–828) c. 791? Concise History*** (1/3) c. 791? Concise Chronography (first edition)*** c. 821 Concise Chronography (second edition)*** (45/23) 6. Theophanes Confessor (759/60–818) c. 815 Chronography*** (14/18) 7. Theognostus the Grammarian (c. 780?–after c. 832) c. 832 History* 8. Sergius Confessor(?) (c. 795–c. 835) c. 835 History (Scriptor Incertus)* (0/2)3 9. Ignatius the Deacon (c. 775–after c. 847) c. 835 Epitome of the Name-Finder of Hesychius (first edition)** c. 845 Epitome of the Name-Finder of Hesychius (second edition)** 10. Photius (c. 813–after 892) 845 Bibliotheca*** (3/0)4 11. Anonymous (c. 810?–after c. 860?) c. 850 Epitome and Continuation of Theophanes to 829** c. 860 Continuation of the Epitome of Theophanes from 829 to 844** 12. George the Monk (c. 830?–after c. 875?) c. 875? Concise Chronicle*** (20/33)

1 These numbers of manuscripts are based on the lists in Colonna, Storici, except when otherwise indicated in a footnote. 2 See above, pp. 31–35. 3 See above, pp. 94–98. 4 Colonna, Storici, lists these only as the most important manuscripts.

490 Chronological Table of the Middle Byzantine Historians 491

13. Peter of Alexandria (c. 870?–after c. 900) c. 900 Brief Survey of the Times from Adam to the Present*** (2/0)5 14. Arethas of Patras(?) (c. 849?–after 932) c. 900? “Chronicle of Monemvasia”*** (3/0)6 15. Anonymous (c. 840?–after c. 913) c. 913 History of Basil I and Leo VI* 16. Nicetas the Paphlagonian(?) (c. 860?–after c. 921?) c. 921 Secret History, Books I–II* 17. Theodore Daphnopates(?) (c. 900–after c. 962) c. 950 Life of Basil*** (4/0)7 c. 958 Theophanes Continuatus, Books I–IV*** (3/0) 18. Joseph Genesius (c. 910–after c. 969?) c. 954 On Imperial Reigns, Books I–IV*** (1/1) 19. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (905–959) c. 958 (editor) Historical Excerpts (Excerpta), “subjects” I–LIII* (“On Embassies of the Romans to Foreigners” and “On Embassies of Foreigners to the Romans” [10/8], “On Plots against Monarchs”[0/3], “On Proverbial Teachings”[0/1], “On Virtue and Vice”[0/1]) 20. Manuel the Protospatharius (c. 910?–after c. 962) c. 962 History, Books I–VIII* 21. Symeon the Logothete (c. 925–c. 990) c. 968 Chronicle (first edition)*** (7/18)8 c. 969 Chronicle (second edition)*** (5/3)9 22. Nicephorus the Deacon(?) (c. 925?–after c. 971) c. 971 History from 944 to 971** 23. Pseudo-Symeon (d. after c. 978) c. 978 Chronicle*** (2/0)10 24. Leo the Deacon (c. 950–c. 997?) c. 995 History, Books I–X*** (2/1) 25. Theodore of Side (c. 945?–after 997?) c. 995? History from 811 to 976?* 26. Anonymous (d. after 999) 999 “Chronicle of Cambridge”*** (2/0)

5 Colonna, Storici, p. 98, includes a Dresden manuscript that was destroyed during World War II. (See Hunger, Hochsprachliche profane Literatur I, p. 360.) 6 Those who believe that John Caminiates was an authentic historian (as I do not; see above, pp. 121–23) may add here: 14a. John Caminiates (c. 870–after c. 904) c. 904 On the Capture of Thessalonica*** (7/0) 7 Some modern editors have also called this text Theophanes Continuatus, Book V. 8 Based on Wahlgren, Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, pp. 28*–42* (which supersedes Colonna, Storici, for Symeon). This text was formerly attributed to Leo Grammaticus or Theodosius Melissenus (or “Theodosius Melitenus”), and part of it has also been known incorrectly as Georgius Monachus Continuatus (ed. separately by Bekker and by Istrin). 9 Based on Wahlgren, Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, pp. 43*–45* (which supersedes Colonna, Storici, for Symeon). Some modern editors have also called parts of this text Theophanes Continuatus Book VI and Georgius Monachus Continuatus (ed. separately by Bekker and by Istrin), though in fact Symeon composed it independently of both Theophanes Continuatus and George the Monk’s Concise Chronicle. 10 Based on Wahlgren, Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, p. 46* (which supersedes Colonna, Storici, for Pseudo-Symeon). 492 Chronological Table of the Middle Byzantine Historians

27. Theodore of Sebastea (c. 965?–c. 1029?) c. 1027 History of Basil II** 28. Anonymous (d. after c. 1040) c. 1040 “Chronicle of Brussels”*** (1/0) 29. Demetrius of Cyzicus (before 998–after c. 1043?) c. 1043? History* 30. John the Monk of Lydia (?) (c. 1000?–after c. 1058?) c. 1058? History** 31. Michael Psellus (1018–78?) c. 1061 Concise History*** (1/0) c. 1062 Chronography, Books I–VII*** (1/1) 1074 Chronography, continuation of Book VII*** (1/1) 32. John Xiphilinus the Younger (c. 1050?–after 1082?) c. 1073 Epitome of Cassius Dio*** (11/10) 33. Michael Attaliates (c. 1020–1084/85) c. 1075 History (first edition)*** c. 1079 History (second edition)*** (1/3) 34. John Scylitzes (c. 1040–after c. 1105) c. 1095 Synopsis of Histories*** (13/0) c. 1105 Epitome of History (second edition of Synopsis, including Scylitzes Continuatus)*** (10/9) 35. George Cedrenus (c. 1050?–after c. 1115?) c. 1115? Compendium of Histories*** (9/31) 36. Nicephorus Bryennius (c. 1082–1138) 1138 Material for History, Books I–IV*** (1/1)11 37. John Zonaras (c. 1074–after c. 1145) c. 1145 Epitome of Histories,12 Books I–II*** (15/64)13 38. Constantine Manasses (c. 1125–c. 1187) c. 1150 Chronological Synopsis*** (69/29) 39. Anna Comnena (1083–c. 1153) c. 1153 Alexiad, Books I–XV*** (6/8) 40. Michael Glycas (Sicidites?) (c. 1130–after c. 1200?) c. 1170 Chronicle, Parts I–IV*** (31/29) 41. John Cinnamus (1143/44–after 1185) c. 1181 Roman History,14 Books I–II** (5/1) 42. Eustathius of Thessalonica (c. 1115–1195/96) 1186 Report on the Capture of Thessalonica*** (1/0) 43. Nicetas Choniates (c. 1156–1217)15 c. 1202 History, Books I–XVI (first edition)*** c. 1206 History, Books I–XVIII (second edition)*** c. 1211 History, Books XVII–XX (third edition)*** c. 1217 Chronological Narrative, Books I–XIX (fourth edition)*** (11/25)16

11 For the incomplete MS, see Failler, “Texte.” 12 Note that the editions’ division into eighteen books is not original. 13 See P. Leone, “Tradizione.” 14 Note that the editions’ division into seven books is not original but is based on ambigu- ous indications in the MS. 15 Note that the numbers of the twenty books are not original, though they are based on divisions made by the author. 16 This is the total number of MSS, several of which combine material from more than one edition; see Dieten, Nicetae Choniatae Historia I, pp. vii–ci, with his stemma on p. ci. List of English Translations of the Middle Byzantine Historians

The following are the best English translations known to me of the middle Byzantine historians. If an historian does not appear here, I am unaware of any published English translation of his text. Note that these translations sometimes differ significantly from my own translations in this book.

Attaliates, Michael. History. Trans. Anthony Kaldellis and Dimitris Krallis, The History: Michael Attaleiates. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. Washington, D.C., 2012. Choniates, Nicetas. Chronological Narrative. Trans. Harry J. Magoulias, O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniate¯s. Byzantine Texts in Translation. Detroit, 1984. Cinnamus, John. Roman History. Trans. Charles M. Brand, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, by John Kinnamos. New York, 1976. Comnena, Anna. Alexiad. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter (rev. Peter Frankopan), Anna Komnene, The Alexiad. Penguin Classics. London, 2009. Eustathius of Thessalonica. Report on the Capture of Thessalonica. Ed. Stilpon Kyriakidis and trans. John R. Melville Jones, Eustathios of Thessaloniki, The Capture of Thessaloniki: A Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Byzantina Australiensia 8. Canberra, 1988. Genesius. On Imperial Reigns. Trans. Anthony Kaldellis, Genesios, On the Reigns of the Emperors: Translation and Commentary. Canberra, 1998. George Syncellus. Selection of Chronography. Trans. William Adler and Paul Tuffin, The Chronography of George Synkellos: A Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation. Oxford, 2002. Great Chronography, Trans. Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby, in Chronicon Paschale: 284–628 AD, pp. 194–200. Liverpool, 1989. Leo the Deacon. History. Trans., with introduction and notes, Alice-Mary Talbot and Denis Sullivan, The History of Leo the Deacon: Byzantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century. Dumbarton Oaks Studies 41. Washington, D.C., 2005. Life of Basil. Ed. and trans. Ihor Ševcˇenko, Chronographiae quae Theophanis Continuati nomine fertur liber, quo vita Basilii imperatoris amplectitur. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 2011. Manasses, Constantine. Chronological Synopsis. Partial trans. Ingela Nilsson, in “Narrating Images in Byzantine Literature: The Ekphraseis of Konstantinos Manasses,” Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 55 (2005), pp. 140–46. Nicephorus. Concise History. Ed. and trans. Cyril Mango, Nikephoros, Patriarch of Constantinople, Short History: Text, Translation, and Commentary. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Washington, D.C., 1990. Photius. Bibliotheca. Partial trans. N. G. Wilson, Photius, The Bibliotheca: A Selection Translated with Notes (London, 1994), and J. H. Freese, The Library of Photius, vol. I (London, 1920; no more published). Psellus, Michael. Chronography. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter, Michael Psellus, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Penguin Classics. Harmondsworth, 1966. ———. Concise History. Ed. with trans. and notes W. J. Aerts, Michaelis Pselli Historia Syntomos. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1990. Scylitzes, John. Synopsis of Histories. Trans. John Wortley, John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge, 2010. Theophanes Confessor. Chronography. Trans. Cyril Mango and Roger Scott, The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Oxford, 1997.

493 494 English Translations of the Middle Byzantine Historians

Xiphilinus, John. Epitome of Cassius Dio. Partial ed. and trans. Earnest Cary, in Dio’s Roman History, vols. III–IX. Loeb Classical Library. London, 1914–27. Zonaras, John. Epitome of Histories. Partial ed. and trans. Earnest Cary, in Dio’s Roman History, vols. I–II (Loeb Classical Library. London, 1914); and partial trans. Thomas Banchich and Eugene Lane, The History of Zonaras from Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great (London, 2009). Bibliography

This bibliography includes only the works cited in my notes. More comprehensive refer- ences to secondary works can be found in Hunger, Hochsprachliche profane Literatur, and Karpozilos, Βυζαντινοί ιστορικοί. The English translations of Byzantine historians in the pre- ceding list are not repeated here unless they appear in my notes.

Primary Works

Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum: Series secunda. Ed. Rudolf Reidinger and Erich Lamberz. 3 vols. Berlin, 1984–2008. [In progress.] Acta Sanctorum quotquot toto orbe coluntur. Ed. J. Bolland et al. 71 vols. Paris, 1863–1940. Agathias. Histories. Ed. Rudolf Keydell. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1967. Anastasius Bibliothecarius. Historia Tripartita. Ed. C. de Boor, in Theophanes Confessor, Chronography, vol. II. Arethas. Scripta Minora. Ed. L. G. Westerink. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1968–72. Attaliates, Michael. Diataxis. Ed. Paul Gautier, “Diataxis,” pp. 17–130. ———. History. Ed. with Spanish trans. and notes Immaculada Pérez Martín, Miguel Ataliates: Historia. Madrid, 2002. [Cited here by the page numbers (included by Pérez Martín) of the edition of Immanuel Bekker, Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn, 1853).] Bar Hebraeus. Trans. Ernest A. Wallis Budge. The Chronography of Gregory Abu¯’l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus. Vol. I. Oxford, 1932. Bryennius, Nicephorus. Material for History. Ed. with French trans. Paul Gautier, Nicéphore Bryennios: Histoire. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Brussels, 1975. Caminiates, John. On the Capture of Thessalonica. Ed. Gertrud Böhlig, Ioannis Caminiatae De Expugnatione Thessalonicae. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1973. Catalogue of Patriarchs. Ed. F. Fischer, “De Patriarcharum Constantinopolitanorum Catalogis et De Chronologia Octo Primorum Patriarcharum,” Commentationes Philologae Ienenses 3 (1884), pp. 263–333. Cecaumenus. Strategicon. Ed. with Italian trans. Maria Dora Spadaro, Cecaumeno: Raccomandazioni e consigli di un galantuomo (Στρατηγικόν). Alessandria, 1998. Cedrenus, George. Compendium of Histories. Ed. with Latin trans. Immanuel Bekker. 2 vols. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1838–39. Choniates, Michael. Eulogy for His Brother Lord Nicetas Choniates. Ed. Spyridon Lampros, in Μιχαὴλ Ἀκομινάτου τοῦ Χωνιάτου τὰ σωζόμενα, vol. I, pp. 345–66. Athens, 1879. ———. Letters. Ed. Foteini Kolovou, Michaelis Choniatae Epistulae. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, Berlin, 2001. Choniates, Nicetas. Chronological Narrative. Ed. Jan Louis van Dieten, Nicetae Choniatae Historia, vol. I. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1975. ———. Letters. See Nicetas Choniates, Orations and Letters. ———. Orations and Letters. Ed. Jan Louis van Dieten, Nicetae Choniatae Orationes et Epistulae. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1973. “Chronicle of Brussels.” Ed. Franz Cumont, Chroniques, pp. 16–34. “Chronicle of Cambridge.” Ed. Schreiner, Byzantinischen Kleinchroniken, vol. I, pp. 326–42 (no. 45); also ed. G. Cozza-Luzi, Cronaca (including Arabic version). “Chronicle of Monemvasia.” Ed. Ivan Dujcˇev, Cronaca di Monemvasia: Introduzione, testo critico e note. Palermo, 1976. Cinnamus, John. Epitome. Ed. with Latin trans. August Meineke. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1836.

495 496 Bibliography

Comnena, Anna. Alexiad. Ed. D. R. Reinsch and A. Kambylis, Annae Comnenae Alexias. 2 vols. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 2001. Constantine VII. De Administrando Imperio. Ed. Gyula Moravcsik and trans. Romilly Jenkins. Rev. ed. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Washington, D.C., 1967. ———. De Ceremoniis. Ed. with Latin trans. and commentary J. J. Reiske, 2 vols., Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn, 1829–30); incomplete ed. with French trans. and commentary Albert Vogt, 2 vols. (Paris, 1935–40). ———. De Thematibus. Ed. with Italian commentary Agostino Pertusi, Costantino Porfirogenito De Thematibus: Introduzione, testo critico, commento. Studi e Testi 160. Vatican City, 1952. ———, ed. Excerpta historica iussu Imp. Constantini Porphyrogeniti. Ed. U. P. Boissevain, C. de Boor, and T. Büttner-Wobst. 4 vols. Berlin, 1903–6. ———. Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions. Ed. with trans. and commentary John Haldon. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Vienna, 1990. Cramer, John Anthony, ed. Anecdota Graeca e Codd. Manuscriptis Bibliothecae Regiae Parisiensis. 4 vols. Oxford, 1839. Daphnopates, Theodore. Letters. Ed. with French trans. J. Darrouzès and L. G. Westerink, Théodore Daphnopatès: Correspondance. Paris, 1978. Eustathius of Thessalonica. Report on the Capture of Thessalonica. Ed. Stilpon Kyriakidis, with trans. and commentary John R. Melville Jones, Eustathios of Thessaloniki, The Capture of Thessaloniki: A Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Byzantina Australiensia 8. Canberra, 1988. Eutropius. Breviarium. Ed. H. Droysen, Eutropii Breviarium ab urbe condita cum versionibus Graecis et Pauli Landolfique additamentis. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctores Antiquissimi, vol. II. Berlin, 1878. [With Greek trans. by Paeanius.] Expositions of a Concise Chronicle. See under “Secondary Works”: Averil Cameron and Judith Herrin, Constantinople. Genesius, Joseph. On Imperial Reigns. Ed. A. Lesmüller-Werner and H. Thurn, Iosephi Genesii Regum libri quattuor. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 1978. George the Monk. Ed. C. de Boor and Peter Wirth, Georgii Monachi Chronicon. 2 vols. Stuttgart, 1978. George Syncellus. Selection of Chronography. Ed. Alden Mosshammer, Georgii Syncelli Ecloga Chronographica. Leipzig, 1984. Glycas, Michael. Chronicle. Ed. with Latin trans. Immanuel Bekker, Michaelis Glycae Annales. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1836. ———. Verses Written in Prison. See under “Secondary Works”: Tsolakis, Μιχαὴλ Γλυκᾶ στίχοι. Greek Anthology. Ed. with French trans. Pierre Waltz et al., Anthologie grecque. 12 vols. Paris, 1928–2002. Gregory of Nazianzus. Orations. Ed. with Latin trans. in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, vols. 35–36. Gregory the Priest. Continuation of the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Trans. with commentary A. E. Dostourian, The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa, pp. 241–80. Lanham, 1993. Ignatius the Deacon. Letters. Ed. with trans. and commentary Cyril Mango, The Correspondence of Ignatios the Deacon: Text, Translation, and Commentary. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Washington, D.C., 1997. ———. Life of Nicephorus. Ed. C. de Boor, in Nicephorus, Concise Chronography, pp. 139–217. ———. Life of Tarasius. See under “Secondary Works”: Efthymiadis, Life. Italicus, Michael. Letters. Ed. Paul Gautier, Michel Italikos: Lettres et discours. Paris, 1972. Jerome. On Famous Men. Ed. with Italian trans. Aldo Ceresa-Gastaldo, Gerolamo: Gli uomini illustri. Biblioteca Patristica. Florence, 1988. John of Antioch. [Fragments.] Ed. with Italian trans. Umberto Roberto, Ioannis Antiocheni Fragmenta ex Historia Chronica, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Altchristlichen Literatur 154 (Berlin, 2005); ed. and trans. Sergei Mariev, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae (Berlin, 2008). [Cited here in Roberto‘s edition. (See Treadgold, Review of Ioannes Antiochenus, under “Secondary Works,” below.)] Bibliography 497

John of Nikiu. Chronicle. Trans. Robert Henry Charles, The Chronicle of John, Coptic Bishop of Nikiu (c. 690 A.D.). London, 1916. Leo VI. Homilies. Ed. Theodora Antonopoulou, Leonis VI Sapientis Imperatoris Byzantini Homiliae. Corpus Christianorum, Series Graeca. Turnhout, 2008. ———. Novels. Ed. with French trans. P. Noailles and A. Dain, Les Novelles de Léon VI le Sage. Paris, 1944. Leo the Deacon. Encomium of Basil II. Ed. I. Sykoutres, “Λέοντος τοῦ Διακόνου ἀνέκδοτον ἐγκώμιον εἰς Βασίλειον τὸν Β΄.” Ἐπετερὶς Ἑταιρείας Βυζαντινῶν Σπουδῶν 10 (1933), pp. 425–34. ———. History. Ed. C. B. Hase, in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, pp. 1–178. Bonn, 1828. Life of Basil. Ed. and trans. Ihor Ševcˇenko, introd. Cyril Mango, Chronographiae quae Theophanis Continuati nomine fertur liber, quo vita Basilii imperatoris amplectitur. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 2011. Life of Euthymius. Ed. and trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter, Vita Euthymii Patriarchae CP.: Text, Translation, Introduction, and Commentary. Bibliothèque de Byzantion 3. Brussels, 1970. Life of Theophylact of Nicomedia (BHG 2452). Ed. with French trans. François Halkin, in Hagiologie byzantine: Textes inédits publiés en grec et traduits en français, pp. 170–84. Brussels, 1986. Liudprand of Cremona. Antapodosis. Ed. P. Chiesa, in Liudprandi Cremonensis Opera Omnia, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis, pp. 1–150. Turnhout, 1998. ———. Relatio de Legatione Constantinopolitana. Ed. P. Chiesa, in Liudprandi Cremonensis Opera Omnia, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis, pp. 185–218. Turnhout, 1998. Malalas, John. Chronographia. Ed. Hans Thurn. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Berlin, 2000. Manasses, Constantine. Chronological Synopsis. Ed. Odysseus Lampsidis, Constantini Manassis Breviarium Chronicum. 2 vols. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Athens, 1996. Mansi, G. D. Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio. 31 vols. Florence, 1759–98. Mauropus, John. Life of Dorotheus. Ed. P. de Lagarde, “Ioannis Euchaitorum metropolitae quae in cod. Vaticano graeco 676 supersunt,” Abhandlungen der hist.-philolog. Klasse der könig. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 28.1 (1882), pp. 209–18. Methodius. Life of Theophanes. Ed. B. Latyšev, “Methodii Patriarchae Constantinopolitani Vita S. Theophanis Confessoris,” Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences de Russie VIII.4, pp. 1–40. Michael the Syrian. French trans. J.-B. Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, patriarche jacobite d’Antioche (1166–1199). 3 vols. Paris, 1899–1905. Migne, J.-P., ed. Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca. 161 vols. Paris, 1857–66. [Abbreviated as PG herein.] Miracles of St. Demetrius. Ed. with French trans. and commentary Paul Lemerle, Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans. 2 vols. Paris, 1979–81. Nicephorus. Antirrheticus III. Ed. A. Mai, in Patrologia Graeca, vol. 100, cols. 375–534. ———. Concise Chronography. Ed. C. de Boor, Nicephori Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani Opuscula Historica, pp. 79–135. Leipzig, 1880. ———. Concise History. See under “Secondary Works”: Mango, Nikephoros. Nicetas the Paphlagonian. Life of Ignatius. Ed. in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, vol. 105, cols. 487–574. Nicetas Stethatus. Life of Symeon the New Theologian. Ed. with French trans. Irénée Hausherr and Gabriel Horn, Un grand mystique byzantin: Vie de Syméon le Nouveau Théologien. Orientalia Christiana XII. Rome, 1928. Paeanius. See Eutropius. “Paschal Chronicle.” Ed. with Latin trans. and notes Ludwig Dindorf, Chronicon Paschale. 2 vols. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Bonn, 1832. 498 Bibliography

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In this index “f” after a page number means a second mention on the next page; “ff” after a number means separate mentions on the next two pages; passim means separate mentions on three or more pages with gaps of no more than two pages; and “n” after a number means a mention only in a note or notes on that page. The page numbers with the principal discussion or discussions of each middle Byzantine historian or history appear in boldface italics. abbas (venerable monk), 39 Agapius I (Melkite patriarch of Antioch), Abbasid Caliphate, 108 247 ‛Abd al-‛Azı¯z ibn Shu‛ayb (emir of Crete), Agapius (Arabic historian), 41–42 181n Agatharchides of Cnidus (historian), 161n Abraham (patriarch), 60f Agatharchus (painter), 213n Abu¯ ‛Abdulla¯h ‛Umar (“Babdel,” emir of Agathias of Myrina (historian), 29, 37, 57, Crete), 180n 159, 161n, 225, 236, 240–46 passim, 269, Abu¯ Ḥafṣ ‛Umar ibn ‛¯Isa¯ (“Apohaps,” 318, 319n, 320, 325f, 396, 466, 469n, emir of Crete), 180n, 181n 471n, 472n Abydenus (historian), 54, 57 Agatho (pope), 13 Achilles (hero), 367 Agathus (monastery), 28, 142f Achilles Tatius (novelist), 379 Ahab (Jewish king), 20 Acre, 446 Aḥmad ibn ‛Umar (emir of Crete), 181n Acrocorinth, 433n Ahrweiler, Hélène, 154–55n Acroënus, 375 “Alamanni,” 446 Acts of the Apostles, 135 Alamundarus (Al-Mundhir, Arab king), Adam (first man), 39, 118, 217, 392–93, 219n, 396n 402, 404, 485 Alcibiades (Athenian general), 379 Adata, 166n, 172 Aldouin (Norman general), 417, 419 Adler, Ada, 9n, 160n, 161n Aleppo, 221, 228, 233, 292, 300, 321 Adler, William, 38–39n, 40n, 51n, 52n, Alexander (emperor 912–13), 127–30 53n, 54n, 55n, 56n, 57n, 58n, 59n, 60n, passim, 140–46, 154, 166–70 passim, 199, 61n, 118n, 209n, 406n 210, 220n Adrianople: 149n, 169f, 251, 344, 352, 379, Alexander III the Great (Macedonian king), 382; battle of (378), 9; battle of (1205), 31, 61f, 118, 244, 402 445–46, 450n Alexander, Paul, 17n, 26n, 165n, 168n, Adriatic Sea, 382–83, 413 198n Aegean Sea, 64, 87, 371 Alexander Polyhistor (historian), 54, 57 Aelian (rhetorician), 160 Alexander the Monk (writer), 68f Aemilianus (emperor 253), 395n Alexandria, 2n, 31, 43, 45n, 52, 53, 61, 67, Aeneas (hero), 394, 402 68–69, 74, 123, 462, 472 Aerts, W. J., 282n, 283n, 285n, 287n Alexandrian era, 75, 220 Aeschylus (dramatist), 184, 367, 420 Alexandrian World Chronicle, 69 Aëtius (adviser of Irene), 46 Alexius I Comnenus (emperor 1081–1118): Afinogenov, Dimitry, xii n, 17n, 19n, 23n, 255, 266, 310, 316, 329–32 passim, 84–85n, 87n, 89n, 100n, 114n, 115n, 338–92 passim, 397–98, 403, 406, 410–11, 116n, 117n, 118n, 388n 411–12, 426, 437, 443, 444n, 447–54 Africa, 13–17 passim, 68, 87, 233, 269 passim, 468, 487; birthdate, 365n Africanus, Julius (historian), 41, 51n, 53f, Alexius II Comnenus (emperor 1180–83), 57–63 passim, 123–24, 161n, 209f 408, 423, 436, 440, 444n, 445, 449

518 Index 519

Alexius III Angelus (emperor 1195–1203), passim, 422, 426, 428, 434, 436, 440–44 409, 412, 424–43 passim, 444n, 446–56 passim, 448, 454 passim, 476 Andronicus (of Alexandria? historian), Alexius IV Angelus (emperor 1203–4), 429, 59n, 69, 118, 209, 457n, 462n, 469n, 431, 436, 442, 444n, 447, 454ff 471n, 472n Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus (emperor Anecdota Cramer, 34–35 1204), 429–30, 431, 436, 442f, 444n, 447 Anemas brothers (conspirators against Alexius (son of Nicephorus Bryennius), Alexius I), 358, 369, 371, 375 345f Angelus dynasty, 424, 426, 430, 434, 454 Alexius of Studius (patriarch of Angold, Michael, 266n, 296n, 304n, 387n, Constantinople), 258–59, 260, 293, 334 405n, 416n, 423n, 428n, 431n, 432n ‛Alı¯ ibn Aḥmad (emir of Crete), 181n Ani, 263 Alopus, Theodore (official under Michael VI), Anna Comnena. See Comnena 299n annals, 261, 267–68, 337, 363, 365, 372 Alpers, Klaus, 79n, 388n Annianus of Alexandria (historian), 51–62 Alusian (Bulgarian pretender), 293, 299n passim, 69, 75, 124, 469n, 471n, 472n Amalek (grandson of Esau), 185 Antes (mythical founder of Byzantium), 36 Amasia, 351 anthologies, 403, 405 Amastris, 80n, 101, 148n, 461n Anthony III of Studius (patriarch of Amida, 243 Constantinople), 242, 254 Amisus, 128n Antidium (monastery), 96n Ammianus Marcellinus (Latin historian), Antigone, 255n xi, 271, 395–96, 464, 469n, 471, 472n, Antigonus (son of Caesar Bardas), 128n, 478, 483 170, 187 Amorian dynasty, 128, 151 Antioch, 31, 43, 45n, 53, 61, 67, 69n, 74, Amorium: 113, 116, 147; Martyrs of (845), 87, 228–29, 230, 242, 247, 278, 369f, 116–17n, 147, 186, 192 383, 399, 400n, 453 ‛Amr ibn al-‛Āṣ (Arab governor), 2n Antipater of Bostra (bishop), 44 Amyntianus (biographer), 161n Antoninus Pius (emperor 138–61), 286, Anacharsis (Scythian), 243 310f Anastasius I (emperor 491–518), 34, 67, 69, Antonopoulou, Theodora, 79n 124n, 283, 284n, 396n Anzen, battle of (838). See Dazimon Anastasius II Artemius (emperor 713–15), Apamea, 45n 6, 11–12, 15f, 287 Apelles (painter), 213n Anastasius II (patriarch of Antioch), 34 Apocaucus, John (bishop, nephew of Anastasius (bishop of Emesa?), 45n, 50 Manasses), 400 Anastasius Bibliothecarius (papal secretary), Apocaucus family, 399 39–40, 77 “Apode¯nar” (Abu¯ Dı¯na¯r?), 117 Anastasius of Sinai, St. (theologian), 7, 16, “Apohaps.” See Abu¯ Ḥafṣ ‛Umar ibn ‛¯Isa¯ 69–70, 118 Apollo (god), 408 Anastaso (sister-in-law of Michael Apollodorus of Athens (historian), 57, 401 Attaliates), 313n Apostolic Constitutions, 118n Anatellon (monastery), 191n Apostypes, Leo (general under Basil I), Anatolic Theme, 86f, 340, 352 173–74 Anchialus, 237 Appian of Alexandria (historian), 159, 326, Anderson, Benjamin, 36n 394n Andrew (father of Nicetas the Apulia, 370 Paphlagonian), 143, 145 Aquinas, Thomas (theologian), 301 Andrew (painter under Constantine VII), 213 Arabic language, 7–8, 41–42, 123, 247, 257, Andrew the Scythian (general under Basil I), 265, 267n, 268, 462 172 Arabs, 2–3, 7–15 passim, 18, 40f, 45, 50, Andronicus I Comnenus (emperor 67f, 74, 79–87 passim, 108, 110n, 112–17 1183–85), 408f, 410n, 413n, 415–18 passim, 121ff, 130, 147–150 passim, 155, 520 Index

Arabs – continued Artaxerxes I (Persian king), 168 166n, 172ff, 180–81n, 186, 192–197 Ascania, Lake, 102n passim, 205–6, 212ff, 216n, 219, 224–33 Asdracha, Catherine, 414n passim, 241–46 passim, 254–55, 257, 263, Asen I (Bulgarian emperor), 447 267, 292, 298, 316, 461 Asia (province), 235, 236n, 334, 352 Arcadius (emperor 395–408), 124n, 284n Aspar, Cistern of, 148n Archangel (hermitage), 143n Assyria, Assyrians, 57, 108, 402 Archilochus (poet), 265–66n Astaroth (goddess), 382 archives: imperial, 6f, 16, 21, 70, 154, 156, Astarte (goddess), 382 168–69, 173, 175, 192–95 passim, 349, astrologers, astrology, 213–14, 273f, 380, 381, 409, 413, 443–44, 446, 465, 476–77, 384, 399, 403, 405, 439, 445, 449 479; patriarchal, 45, 194, 476–77 Athanasius, St. (bishop of Alexandria), Archontopuli (tagma), 375 118n Arethas of Patras (scholar, probably author Athanasius I (Jacobite patriarch of of “Chronicle of Monemvasia”): 100, Antioch), 12 124–26, 141–45 passim, 148–52 passim, Athanasius III Manasses (Melkite patriarch 184, 460–64 passim, 466n; “Chronicle of of Antioch), 399f Monemvasia,” 97–98, 100, 124–26, 152, Athanasius of Patras (bishop), 125–26 459f, 469n, 471n, 474n, 485 Athena (goddess), 442 Argyrus, Eustathius (general under Leo VI), Athenians, Athens, 207n, 325, 423–26 213 passim, 431–32, 434, 450, 455, 476, 487 Argyrus, Marianus (official under Athos, Mount, 335n Romanus I), 210–11 Attalia, 312, 340, 461n Argyrus family, 202, 213 Attaliates, Michael (historian): xiii, 265, Arian history, 69, 395–96 272–73, 307, 312–29, 331–42 passim, Arianism, Arians, 67, 69n, 76 348–54 passim, 364, 385, 389, 414, 422, Arianites, David (general under Basil II), 255 447, 456–62 passim, 463n, 464n, 466–70 Arianites family, 255 passim, 471n, 474–85 passim; style, Aristobulus of Cassandria (historian), 325–26 123–24 Attaliates, Theodore (son of Michael Aristophanes (dramatist), 233, 379, 420 Attaliates), 313–16 passim Aristotle (philosopher), Aristotelianism, Attic dialect, Atticism: 472–73, 474; of 273, 301, 361, 379, 408, 420 Nicephorus, 29f, 97, 114n; of Symeon Armenia, Armenians, 2–3, 167, 169n, 178, the Logothete, 203, 211–12; of Leo the 181n, 182, 187, 229, 263, 269, 292, 305ff, Deacon, 243; of John the Monk, 265–66; 323f, 412, 413n, 414, 434, 444, 453, 478 in “Chronicle of Brussels,” 268; of Psellus, Armeniac Theme, 183–84n, 277f 283, 292, 299, 378; of Bryennius, 351–52; Armenian language, 7–8, 54, 56, 178, 181n, of Anna Comnena, 378–79; of Zonaras, 265, 404 392–93, 398; of Manasses, 402; of Glycas, Armenian themes, 265, 306–7, 321, 323–24 407; of Cinnamus, 415; of Eustathius, 419; armies, army: 8, 265, 294ff, 302–3, 305–7, of Nicetas Choniates, 447–48 321, 324, 329, 351, 451–54 passim; Augustus (emperor 27 B.C.–A.D. 14), 123, payrolls, 4, 446; numbers, 16, 21, 233, 283, 304, 311 244–46, 256n, 265, 327, 352, 374–75, Aurelian (emperor 270–75), 284n, 286 377, 413–14, 446 “Ausones,” 325 Arrian of Nicomedia (historian), 159, 236, Avars, 7n, 13, 20, 32, 68, 125f, 462 244n, 269 Axuch, John (friend of John II), 359f, 366, Arsaber the Patrician (conspirator), 48 439, 444 Arsaber the Patrician (uncle of Photius), 92 Arsaces I (Parthian king), 168 “Babdel.” See Abu¯ ‛Abdulla¯h Arsacid dynasty, 167–71 passim Babylon, Babylonians, 54, 60f, 393 Artavasdus (usurper under Constantine V), Baghdad, 107n, 108, 206, 244, 382n 18–19, 23ff, 476 Balbinus (emperor 238), 395n Index 521

Baldwin I of Flanders (Latin emperor Basilacius (prophet under Isaac II), 450 1204–5), 431, 442 Basiliscus (usurper under Zeno), 219n, 396n Baldwin I of Jerusalem (king), 370 Baumstark, Anton, 42n Baldwin III of Jerusalem (king), 400 Beck, Hans-Georg, 125n, 259n, 272n, 310n, Balkan Mountains, 380 388n, 403n, 409n, 416n Banchich, Thomas, 388n, 389n, 394n, Beclas (acronym of Basil I’s family), 140–41, 395n 167, 169 Bánhegyi, György, 408n Bees, Nikos, 400n, 401n Barbara, St. (supposed martyr), 178 Beirut, 242, 244 Barca (first wife of Leo V), 87–88 Bekker, Immanuel, 24n, 93n, 340n Bardanes Turcus (rebel against Nicephorus Béla III Alexius (Hungarian king), 404n I), 27, 86–90 passim, 113, 336 Belissariotes, John (brother-in-law of Bardas (Caesar), 112f, 128–33 passim, 144, Nicetas Choniates), 424, 426–27, 432 147n, 171, 187, 194 Belissariotes, Michael (brother-in-law of Bar Hebraeus (Syriac historian), 41–42, Nicetas Choniates), 424, 432 54–55, 56, 58n, 69n Belissariotes, Theodore (deacon), 424–25n Bari, 172–73, 363n Belke, Klaus, 140n, 340n, 408n, 423n Barišic´, Franjo, 93n Bemarchius of Caesarea (historian), 198, Barnes, Timothy, 395n 470n, 471n, 472n Basil I the Macedonian (emperor 867–86), Bempitziotes of Adrianople (soldier under xiii, 78–81 passim, 107, 115f, 121, 126–36 Manuel I), 412–23 passim, 140–41, 144n, 147n, 148–52 Benedict (papal legate), 431 passim, 164–77 passim, 180, 185–88 Benjamin (Coptic patriarch of Alexandria), passim, 191–99 passim, 210–13 passim, 2n 220, 248, 251, 271, 333, 337, 467f, Beroea. See Aleppo 475–76, 486 Berossus (historian), 54, 60 Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer (emperor Bertha-Eudocia (first wife of Manuel I), 444 976–1025): 88, 203–4, 205, 208f, 216–17, Beser. See Saracontapechus, Beser 221, 228, 233–42 passim, 246–59 passim, Bethlehem, 40–41 266–69 passim, 270n, 272, 278, 282, biographies, biography, xiii, 104–6, 162, 287–302 passim, 306, 322, 326, 342, 348, 165, 176, 188, 198, 264–65, 296, 366, 470 366, 383, 398, 456, 463, 467n, 475, 477, Bithynia, 48, 50, 65f, 276, 462f 487; birthdate, 234n Blachernae (palace, suburb), 113, 408n, Basil I Scamandrenus (patriarch of 427f Constantinople), 230f, 242 Bleckmann, Bruno, 388n Basil II Camaterus (patriarch of Blue faction, 381 Constantinople), 434n, 440 Bodin, Constantine (Serbian king), 331 Basil (father of Leo the Deacon), 236 Bogdan, Joan, 403n Basil, Life of. See Daphnopates Bogomils, 345, 365n, 368, 370, 375 Basil of Caesarea, St. (theologian), 58, 118, Bohemund (Norman prince), 345, 368–72 233, 276, 301–2n, 391, 406 passim, 378–82 passim Basil of Sebastea (bishop), 248 Boïlas, Romanus (bodyguard of Basil the Bogomil (heretic under Alexius I), Constantine IX), 275, 294, 298–99 370f, 376 Boissevain, U. P., 311n Basil the Cilician (historian), 134, 161n, Bolkan (Serbian ruler), 369 469n, 471n, 472n Bompaire, Jacques, 335n Basil the Epeictes (conspirator against Boniface of Montferrat (king of Leo VI), 131n Thessalonica), 442, 447 Basil the Rector (official under Leo VI), book divisions, 60, 185, 209, 312, 320, 370, 132n 393, 473–74 Basilaces, Nicephorus (rebel against Boris-Michael (Bulgar khan), 148–49, 201n Nicephorus III), 322–23, 348, 349–50, Bosporus: 382; “Scythian Bosporus” (Straits 367, 379–80 of Kerch), 9 522 Index

Bourbouhakis, Emmanuel, 405n Burke, John, 340n Brachamius, Philaretus (general under Burtzes, Michael (general under Romanus IV), 323 Nicephorus II), 229 Branas, Alexius (rebel against Isaac II), 441, Bury, J. B., 95n, 132n, 221n 447ff Büttner-Wobst, Theodor, 156–57n, 159n, Branas, Theodore (general in Latin empire), 163n, 393n, 394n 431 Byzantium (city), 36, 67, 150–51, 244, 256, Brand, Charles, 407n, 408n, 409n, 411n, 379, 394n, 473 424n, 429n, 441n Byzas (mythical founder of Byzantium), 36, Brasidas (Spartan general), 352 325, 407n bride shows, imperial, 112–13, 405n Byze, 148n Brief Historical Notes. See Expositions of a Concise Chronicle Cadesh Barnea, 41 Brienne, 379 Caesarea in Cappadocia, 58, 125f, 464n Bringas, Joseph (official under Constantine Calabria, 174, 192, 267, 461n, 463 VII), 214–15, 227f, 231, 241, 285 Cale (mother of Michael Attaliates), 312 Brokkaar, W. G., 444n Caligula, Gaius (emperor 37–41), 286 Browning, Robert, 94n, 103n, 105n, 109n, Callinicum, 71 218n, 220n, 378n, 416n, 447n, 472n, Callinicus of Heliopolis (inventor): 186; 473n “Callinicus of Egypt” (mistake for Brubaker, Leslie, 25 Callinicus of Heliopolis), 186 Brunt, P. A., 310n Calliope (Muse), 355 Brutus (assassin of Caesar), 286, 311 Callistus, Nicephorus Xanthopulus. See Brutus (consul), 286 Xanthopulus “Bryennius” (count of Brienne?), 379 Caloë, 236f, 461n Bryennius, John (? father of historian Calograea, battle of (1146), 410n Nicephorus Bryennius), 344 Calonymus, 65 Bryennius, John (brother of rebel Camaterus, Basil (patron of Nicetas Nicephorus Bryennius), 350–51, 352 Choniates), 423–34 passim, 440–47 Bryennius, Nicephorus (rebel, grandfather passim, 476 of historian Nicephorus Bryennius), 315, Camaterus, John (official under Manuel I), 322, 325, 339, 344, 348, 349–50, 367, 404, 434 374, 379–80 Camaterus family, 404 Bryennius, Nicephorus (Caesar, historian, Cameron, Alan, 184n, 396n husband of Anna Comnena), 343, 344–54, Cameron, Averil, 36n 358–67 passim, 373–80 passim, 387, 389, Caminiates, John (supposed historian), 397, 407, 412, 421, 459–66 passim, 467n, 121–23, 421, 459, 470n 469n, 471n, 474ff, 480–85 passim Candidus of Isauria (historian), 160, 161n, Bryennius family, 344, 349–53 passim 469n, 471n, 472n Bucellarian Theme, 140n, 183, 278 Cannabus, Nicholas (pretender in 1204), Buckler, Georgina, 354n, 358n, 359n, 361n, 429, 442 365n, 378n, 379n cannon, 122 Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Bulgars, 10–21 Capito of Lycia (translator), 71n passim, 25–26, 38, 47, 49, 68, 82–98 Cappadocia, 117n, 242, 250, 255, 257 passim, 121f, 127–31 passim, 141, 146, Capua, 173 148, 149n, 170, 174, 194, 197, 200n, 201, Caracalla, Aurelius Antoninus 205, 213–14, 224f, 230, 237–45 passim, (emperor 211–17), 284n, 395n, 402 253–57 passim, 269, 270n, 272, 292–99 Caramanian desert, 243–44 passim, 320, 331, 344, 381, 425–31 Caria (ancient Aphrodisias), 238, 464n passim, 435, 441f, 447, 451 Caria (province), 238n bureaucracy, 125, 155, 223, 309, 320, 329, Carile, Antonio, 2n 339, 377, 401, 423f, 432, 458–59, 470, Carinus (emperor 283–85), 61 478f carnival, 449 Burgess, R. W., 69n Carrhae, 71n Index 523

Carthage, Carthaginians, 233, 394 Christopher (son-in-law of Basil I), 172 Carus (emperor 282–83), 283, 284n Christopher (son of Romanus I), 153, 200n, Cassia (poetess), 112–13 213 Cassius (assassin of Caesar), 286, 311 Christ the Savior in Chalce (church), 231 Catacylas (cousin of Michael II), 102 “Chronicle of 811,” 94f, 97n, 98–99. Cataphlorum, Nicholas (scholar under See also Sergius Confessor John II), 416 “Chronicle of 1234,” 41–42, 54–55, 56 Cayster River, 236 “Chronicle of Brussels,” 268, 459, 460n, Cecaumenus (author of Strategicon), 256n, 461n, 464n, 466–67n, 470n, 471n, 472, 265, 268n 474n, 485 Cecaumenus, Catacalon (general under “Chronicle of Cambridge,” 267–68, 459, Constantine IX), xiii n, 263–65, 266–70 460n, 461n, 462f, 464n, 466n, 469n, passim 471n, 472, 474n, 485 Cedrenus, George (historian), 73–74, 114, “Chronicle of Monemvasia.” See Arethas of 165, 189, 218, 238, 309n, 312, 329f, Patras 339–41, 342f, 347, 387, 396–97, 402, 406, “Chronicle to 636,” 2n 461n, 463n, 469n, 471n, 474, 480f, 485f “Chronicle to 724,” 2n Cedrenus, John (brother of George Chronicon Altinate, 6 Cedrenus?), 340 Chrysocheir (Paulician leader), 172 Cedrus (Cedrea), 340f, 461n Chrysopolis, 150 “Celts,” 298, 379 Chrysos, Evangelos, 1n Ceos, 431–32 Cilicia, 228, 241, 244, 322, 346, 404–8 Cephalion (historian), 58n, 161n passim, 434, 444, 453, 462 Chaka (“Tzachas,” emir of Smyrna), 368–72 Cinnamus, John (historian), 404, 407–16, passim, 375n 421f, 437–38, 439, 443, 448, 459, 460n, Chalandon, Ferdinand, 445n 461n, 463n, 466n, 467n, 468, 469n, Chalcedon, 45–46, 50, 150 471n, 474–85 passim Chaldeans, 402 Cinnamus, Manuel (son of John Chaldia (theme), 183–84n Cinnamus?), 409 “Chameleon” (epithet of Leo V), 99 Cinnamus family, 407–8 Chandax (modern Iraklion), 243 circus factions, 68, 381 Chariopolis, 251 Claudiopolis, 242 Charlemagne, 79n Claudius II Gothicus (emperor 268–70), Charles, R. H., 2n 284n Chataturius (general under Romanus IV), Clement of Alexandria, St. (theologian), 299n 118n Cherson, 9, 11 Cleon (Athenian general), 476 Cheynet, Jean-Claude, 255n, 263n, 317n, Cleopatra VII (queen of Egypt), 31, 311n 329n, 357n, 371n, 375n Cohn, L., 416n Chios, 64n, 368 coinage, 229, 304–5, 306, 317, 351, 377 Choerosphactes, Leo (diplomat under Leo Colonna, Maria, 119n, 477n, 484n VI), 184 Colossae, 423 Chonae, 423, 444, 452, 461n Cometopuli (Bulgarian dynasty), 225 Choniates, Michael (bishop), 423–24, 426, Commodus (emperor 180–92), 286, 395n 431–32, 443f Comnena, Anna (historian): xi, 271, 309n, Choniates, Nicetas (historian): xi, 271, 331n, 339, 343–86, 387, 389, 397, 407, 309n, 359, 377, 386f, 404, 409, 410–11, 412–15 passim, 421, 426, 436–39 passim, 415–16, 422–56, 459–70 passim, 471n, 443, 447f, 456–68 passim, 469n, 471n, 474–87 passim; Panoply of Doctrine, 474–87 passim; method, 362–64, 370, 433–34, 436; style, 433, 437, 447–48, 380; style, 378–79, 386, 472n 472ff Comnena, Maria (daughter of Alexius I), Chosroës (Khusrau) II (Persian king), 397n 368 Christides, V., 122n Comnena, Maria (daughter of Manuel I), Christmas, 85–86, 181 404n, 440 524 Index

Comnena, Theodora (daughter of Constantine V Copronymus (emperor Alexius I), 454 741–75), 15–36 passim, 43, 45–46, 64f, Comnena, Theodora (niece and lover of 74n, 91n, 93–98 passim, 107, 187, 476 Andronicus I), 446 Constantine VI (emperor 780–97), 17–22 Comnenus, Alexius (bastard son of passim, 26f, 31, 34, 42–50 passim, 65f, 73, Manuel I), 425–26 91, 96, 97n, 98, 100, 169n, 467n Comnenus, Alexius (nephew of Manuel I), Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (emperor 440 913–59, historian): 49n, 68, 89n, 123, Comnenus, Andronicus (son of Alexius I), 125n, 135, 137, 145n, 153–65, 166–69 365–66 passim, 177–80 passim, 184–99 passim, Comnenus, Andronicus (son of John II), 205–8 passim, 211n, 213–41 passim, 246, 399 283, 286, 297, 354, 356, 376, 459–68 Comnenus, David (governor under passim, 475–81 passim, 486; Historical Andronicus I), 417f Excerpts (Excerpta), 4, 32, 71, 156–65, Comnenus, Isaac (general, brother of 166f, 176, 179, 195–96, 197, 222–23, Alexius I), 357n, 371n 225, 236, 309n, 310, 326, 344, 394, 399, Comnenus, Isaac (rebel ruler of Cyprus), 469f, 471n, 474, 480f, 485, 487; On 440 Ceremonies, 6, 156f, 166f, 212n, 218–19, Comnenus, Isaac (son of Alexius I), 359, 222; De Administrando Imperio, 137, 156f, 446 162, 166–69 passim, 173, 175, 193, 204f; Comnenus, Isaac (son of John II), 439, 446 On the Themes, 154–55, 173; On Imperial Comnenus, John (cousin of John II), 359, Expeditions, 156f, 167; style, 154 368–69, 371 Constantine VIII Porphyrogenitus (emperor Comnenus, Manuel (general, brother of 1025–28): 205, 208, 228, 230n, 233–34, Alexius I), 321 248, 250, 258–62 passim, 267, 289–92 Comnenus, Manuel (general, grandfather of passim, 297, 300; birthdate, 234n Alexius I), 348, 351 Constantine IX Monomachus (emperor Comnenus, Manuel (son of Andronicus I), 1042–55), 260–66 passim, 272n, 273–77 441 passim, 289–307 passim, 313, 321–25 Comnenus, Nicephorus (general under passim, 335, 337, 344, 351, 456 Constantine VIII), 262 Constantine X Ducas (emperor 1059–61), Comnenus dynasty, 336, 344, 348–53 274–81 passim, 288–305 passim, 314, 321, passim, 373, 387, 398, 402f, 438, 440, 329–30, 332, 339, 349n, 467n, 484 446, 454 Constantine (father of Basil I?), 169n Conrad III (German emperor), 413, 446f, Constantine (nobilissimus, uncle of 452 Michael V), 298 Conrad of Montferrat (brother-in-law of Constantine (son of Basil I), 130n, 140–41, Isaac II), 445, 448 149, 169n, 174 Conrad, Lawrence, 42n, 44n Constantine (son of Romanus I), 200n Constans I (emperor 337–50), 395 Constantine-Cyril, St. (missionary to Slavs), Constans II (emperor 641–68), 3f, 6, 7–8, 148 13, 16, 28f, 284n, 383 Constantine the Paphlagonian (adviser of Constantine I (emperor 306–37), 20, 34, Leo VI), 131, 150 36, 67, 75n, 76, 115, 123, 124n, 167, 198, Constantinople: siege of (717–18), 10, 218n, 268, 322, 366, 395n, 396, 398, 15f, 17n; siege of (742–43), 21, 24; 402, 406; Column and Forum of, 92, monuments, 36; foundation, 75–76n; 327n, 389n siege of (822–23), 87; literary community, Constantine III (emperor 641), 4, 13, 28f, 99, 464–65. See also libraries 285, 287 Constantius II (emperor 337–61), 76n, Constantine III Lichudes (patriarch of 124n, 283 Constantinople), 274–78 passim, 290, consuls, consulships, 15–16, 124, 282 294, 298–305 passim continuations, continuers. See John of Constantine IV (emperor 668–85), 7–8, 10, Antioch; Marcellinus; Tarasius; and 13, 186, 284n Theophanes Confessor Index 525

Contostephanus, Andronicus (general, Cyriacus (patriarch of Constantinople), cousin of Manuel I), 440, 444–49 passim 397n Contostephanus, John (cousin of Manuel I), Cyril, St. (missionary to Slavs). 400, 444–45n See Constantine-Cyril Contostephanus family, 424 Cyril I, St. (bishop of Jerusalem), 76, 118n Coptic, Copts, 2 Cyril of Alexandria, St. (patriarch, Corcyra, Corcyraeans, 20, 403, 447–48, 461 theologian), 118n, 139, 146 Corinth, 97, 247, 394, 443 Cyril of Gortyn, St. (martyr), 85 Cosenza, 267 Cyrus the Great (Persian king), 170n, 379, Cosmas I (patriarch of Constantinople), 411 357, 372 Cyzicus, 64–65, 235, 259, 262 councils: First Ecumenical (Nicaea, 324), 75n, 252n; Serdica (c. 343), 252n; “Dacians,” 379 Fourth Ecumenical (Chalcedon, 451), Dagron, Gilbert, 36n, 37n 382; Sixth Ecumenical (Constantinople, Dalassena, Anna (mother of Alexius I), 680–81), 6, 13–14, 118n; Quinisext 349n, 357, 377–78, 380, 384–85 (Constantinople, 691–92), 6–7; iconoclast Dalmatia, 172–73 (754), 19, 21; Seventh Ecumenical Dalven, Rae, 354n (Nicaea, 787), 17f, 26, 33–34, 39, 44–50 Damalis, 150 passim, 65; Constantinople (867), 171; Damascus, 45n, 242 Constantinople (869–70), 171 Danelis (widow, friend of Basil I), 170, 174, Cozza-Luzi, Giuseppe, 267n 405n Cramer, John Anthony, 34, 79, 285n Danube River, 7n, 242 Crenides (Philippi), 381 Daphne (huntress), 408 Crépin, Robert (Norman mercenary), 280n Daphnomeles, Theodore (officer under Crete, 81, 87f, 112, 116, 147, 173, 180–81n, Basil II), 256 186, 192, 210, 215, 216n, 227–28, 241, Daphnopates, Theodore (historian, 243, 313, 322, 326, 369, 375 probably author of Life of Basil and Crimea, 9, 14, 16 Theophanes Continuatus): 176–80, 182, Criscuolo, Ugo, 289n 185n, 189–90, 191, 195, 198, 205, 208, Crispin (Norman mercenary), 323 223, 225, 234f, 265n, 271, 275, 333ff, “Crispus” (mistake for Priscus), 4, 5n, 397n 460, 461n, 463, 467n, 468n, 473n, Croke, Brian, xi n, 106n 475–80 passim; Life of Basil (also known Cross, True, 4, 12, 87 as Theophanes Continuatus “Book V”), xiii, Crusaders, Crusades: 453; First (1095–99), 78, 132–34, 136–39, 146–51 passim, 343, 345, 357n, 358, 365, 369–75 passim, 164–65, 165–80, 182–201 passim, 210, 380n, 382, 384–85; Second (1147–49), 212n, 213, 222–26 passim, 233n, 235, 412ff, 439, 446, 453; Third (1189–92), 251, 266, 271, 296, 333–37 passim, 366, 425, 441, 453; Fourth (1202–4), 421f, 460, 470, 471n, 480, 485; Theophanes 429–30, 431, 442–43, 451–56 passim, 463, Continuatus (Books I–IV), xiii, 78–90 479, 484 passim, 93n, 94, 111n, 132–34, 136–39, Ctesias of Cnidus (historian), 58n, 109, 140, 146–47, 150n, 151, 164–68 passim, 161n 175–80 passim, 181n, 183–84n, 185ff, Cumans, 358, 368–74 passim, 397, 412, 188–96, 198–202 passim, 209f, 212n, 213, 413n, 428 216, 222–26 passim, 233n, 235, 240–41, Cumont, Franz, 268n 249–50, 265n, 266–71 passim, 333–36 Curcuas, John (general under Romanus I), passim, 460, 468–69, 471n, 480, 485; xiii n, 197–202 passim, 213f, 334 style, 175–76, 177–78, 191, 195 Curcuas, Romanus (conspirator against Darius I (Persian king), 379 Basil I), 172 Darius II (Persian king), 351–52 Curtices, Manuel (official under Romanus I), Darrouzès, Jean, 101n, 154n, 177n, 178n, 210–11 179n, 182n, 183n, 184n, 189n, 190n, Cyclades, 116 204n, 206n, 207n, 247n, 254n, 345n, Cyprus, 41, 45n, 369, 375, 400, 440 354n, 361n, 365n 526 Index

David (Jewish king), 142, 402 Dionysius of Tel-Maḥrē (Syriac historian), Dazimon (Anzen), battle of (838), 82, 193f, 42, 52, 69n 212 Dionysius Periegetes (geographer), 417 De Administrando Imperio. See under Dionysus (god), Pillars of, 382 Constantine VII Dobschütz, Ernst von, 178n de Boor, Carl, 12n, 13n, 85n, 110n, 114n, Docianus, Theodore (relative of Alexius I), 115n, 117n, 118n, 119n, 135n, 136n, 351 156n, 160n, 161n, 164n, 182n, 340n dog stories, 119 Dead Sea, 41 Dolian (Bulgarian pretender), 299n Debié, Muriel, 2n Domenico (Venetian friend of Nicetas decurions (city councilors), 457–58, Choniates), 430 460–61, 478 Domnica (wife of Bardanes Turcus), 88n Del Corno, Dario, 289n Dorostolum (modern Dristra). See Dristra Delehaye, Hippolyte, 204n Dorotheus the Younger. See Genesius Demetrius of Cyzicus (bishop, historian), Dositheus of Jerusalem (patriarch of 234f, 238n, 258–63, 265–69 passim, 291, Constantinople), 450 307n, 334–35, 337, 460n, 461n, 464n, “dossiers,” conjectural, xiii, 55–56, 138n 467n, 469n, 471n, 474n, 475–82 passim, Dresden synaxarium, 145n 486 Dristra, 230, 231n, 233, 242, 245 Demetrius of Thessalonica, St. (martyr), dual number, 29f, 51, 184, 191, 212, 243, 261n, 369n, 417 257, 265, 283, 292, 299, 304, 311, 337, Democharis the Logothete (official under 351–52, 379, 392–93, 402, 415, 419, 448, Michael II), 102n 473 Democritus of Abdera (philosopher), 361 Ducaena, Irene (wife of Alexius I, mother of Demophilus (astrologer under Basil II), Anna Comnena), 343–61 passim, 365–66, 398n 367, 377f, 397, 438–39, 447, 467n Demosthenes (orator), 256, 347, 379, Ducas, Andronicus (son of Constantine X), 420 277–78 Devambez, Pierre, 450n Ducas, Constantine (candidate for emperor Dexippus (historian), 58n, 159, 162 in 1204), 442 Didius Julianus (emperor 193), 395n Ducas, Constantine (general under Dieten, Jan-Louis van, 217n, 405n, 422n, Alexander), 213 423n, 424n, 425n, 426n, 427n, 428n, Ducas, Constantine (son of Caesar John), 430n, 431n, 432n, 433n, 434n, 435n, 299n 436n, 437n, 443n, 444n, 445n, 446n, Ducas, Constantine (son of Michael VII), 448n, 455n 280n, 295, 354–57 passim, 365–66, Digenes Acrites (epic hero), 415 367–68, 378 Diller, Aubrey, 150n Ducas, Constantius (rebel, brother of Dio, Cassius (historian), 108, 159, 236, Michael VII), 322–23 285f, 291, 310–12, 342, 393f, 474, 483, Ducas, John (Caesar), xiii n, 277–80 passim, 485 295–96, 299n, 338, 349ff Dioclea, 331 Ducas, John (general under Alexius I), Diocletian (emperor 284–305), 20, 39, 61, 331n, 368–72 passim 67, 75n, 89, 110, 118, 123, 249, 268 Ducas dynasty, 279, 295, 303n, 304, 307, Diodorus Siculus (historian), 58n, 108, 159, 319–22 passim, 349–57 passim, 368 164, 236, 318n, 326, 393, 483 Duffy, John, 22n, 282n, 283n Diogenes, Constantine (general under Dujcˇev, Ivan, 94n, 124n Basil II), 255f Dvin, 263 Diogenes, Nicephorus (plotter against Dvornik, Francis, 106n Alexius I), 356n, 369, 378, 381 Dyrrhachium, 344, 363, 368–71 passim, Diogenes family, 255 375, 379f Diomedes, St. (confessor), 133, 168 Dionysius of Halicarnassus (historian), 159, Ecbatana (modern Hamadan), 243–44 233, 236, 285, 291, 402, 483 Ecumenical Teacher, 103, 114, 116, 119 Index 527

Edessa: 12, 242; image of Christ, 178 Eugenius, St. (martyr), 248–49 Efthymiadis, Stephanos, 19n, 22n, 23n, Eunapius of Sardis (historian), xi, 4n, 159, 100n, 422n 162f, 469n, 471n, 472n Egypt, Egyptians, 2–3, 8, 13, 15, 31, 53f, 59f, eunuchs, 262, 292, 376, 439, 447 123, 247, 402, 446f, 458–62 passim, 478 Euphemia of Chalcedon, St., 18n, 45–46, 50 Eideneier, H., 407n Euphemius (rebel against Michael II), Elagabalus, Aurelius Antoninus (emperor 81n, 87f 218–22), 286 Euphrates River, 382–83 Eleutherius, Palace of, 66 Euphrosyne (aunt by marriage of Michael Elijah of Nisibis (Syriac historian), 54–55, Attaliates), 313n 57, 69n Euphrosyne (second wife of Michael II), 85, Emesa (modern Homs), 42, 44–45, 50 147, 192–93 Enoch, Book of, 57, 60 Euphrosyne (wife of Alexius III), 427f, 441, Ephesus, 236 449f Ephorus of Cyme (historian), 164 Euripides (dramatist), 176, 184, 325, 352n, Ephraem the Syrian, St. (theologian), 118n 379, 420 Ephrem Mtsire (“the Small”; Georgian Eusebius of Caesarea (bishop, historian), translator), 205–6, 209 xi, 34–35, 51–63 passim, 69, 70n, 76, 93, Epidamnus (Dyrrhachium), 379 104, 117, 118n, 123, 135, 140, 161–65 Epiphania (modern Hama), 43 passim, 198, 311, 366, 394, 406, 469n, Epiphanius of Salamis, St. (theologian), 470n, 471n, 472 118n, 394 Eusebius of Emesa (bishop, historian), 69n, Epirus, 433f, 479 457n, 462n, 469n, 471n, 472n “Epitome” (supposed chronicle of Trajan Eusebius of Nicomedia (bishop of the Patrician), 110n, 219n Constantinople), 76 Epitome and Continuation of Theophanes Eustathius (patriarch of Constantinople), to 829. See under Theophanes Confessor 254 Epstein, Ann, 309n, 387n, 449n Eustathius of Antioch (bishop, theologian), Eroticus, Manuel (general under Basil II), 118n 254–55 Eustathius of Epiphania (historian), x–xin, Eroticus, Theophilus (general under 4n, 70–73, 160n, 161n, 164, 240–41n, Constantine IX), 260 394–96, 469n, 471n, 472n Ervevius Phrangopulus. See Hervé the Frank Eustathius of Thessalonica (bishop, Escorial, 157n historian), 400–401, 416–21, 422f, 443, Esman. See Yazma¯n 461, 464n, 467n, 470, 471n, 474f, 480, Ethiopia, Ethiopians, 122 485 Ethiopic language, 2n Eustratius, Life of, 118n etymologies, 137, 148n, 150, 173, 186f, Eustratius Garidas (patriarch of 191, 216, 219 Constantinople), 357 Euchaïta, 276 Euthymius I, St. (patriarch of Euclid (geometer), 361 Constantinople): 131, 141f; anonymous Eudocia (first wife of Heraclius), 29, 397n Life of Euthymius, 122n, 125, 127n, Eudocia (formerly Athenaïs, wife of 132–34, 138–46 passim, 149, 151, 175, Theodosius II), 396n 204, 213 Eudocia (mother of Patriarch Nicephorus), Euthymius Malaces of New Patras (bishop), 26 409 Eudocia (empress 1067, wife of Constantine Eutropius (historian), 70–71, 160f X and Romanus IV), 278ff, 289ff, 295, Eutychius of Alexandria (patriarch, 300, 304, 314, 321 historian), 123n Eudocia Decapolitissa (wife of Michael III), Euzoïus of Antioch (bishop, historian), 69n, 127, 170n 457n, 462n, 469n, 471n, 472n Eudocia Ingerina (second wife of Basil I), Evagrius Scholasticus (historian), 71, 72n, 127–31 passim, 140–41, 168, 171, 251 73n, 123, 126, 134f, 140, 161f, 271, Eugenicus, Mark (theologian), 203–4 469n, 470, 471n 528 Index

Eve (first woman), 392–93, 402 passim, 459, 460n, 461n, 463–69 passim, Excerpta Barbari, 69 471n, 473n, 475, 480, 485;style, 184, Excubitors (tagma), 23, 182, 187 187–88, 195 Expositions of a Concise Chronicle, 35–36, 37 Genesius, Romanus, the Patrician (son of Joseph Genesius), 182–83, 184, 207n, 223 Fabii, 322, 326 Genesius, Thomas, the Patrician (father of Failler, A., 347n, 399n, 400n Joseph Genesius), 132, 182–85 passim, “family chronicles,” conjectural, xiii 187n, 223 Farkas, Zoltán, 282n Genesius family, 181–85, 207 Fatimid dynasty, 225 Genesius the Magister (uncle of Joseph Featherstone, J. M., 30n, 181n, 211n, 212n, Genesius), 181n 234n George, St., 178 Ferber, Jenny, xii n George II (patriarch of Alexandria), 118n Ferluga, Jadran, 253n George, Demetra, 406n Fine, John, 331n George of Amastris, St. (bishop), 101f Flanders, Flemish, 375 George of Cyprus (bishop), 39–40 Flusin, Bernard, 80n, 142n, 145n, 156n, George of Pisidia (poet), 5–6, 68, 70n, 73, 158n, 177n, 226n, 239n, 247n, 263n, 105, 366–67 329n George of Raggath (possibly same as George follis (coin), 231n Syncellus), 42n Forsyth, John, 247n George Syncellus (historian): xi, xiii, 22n, France, French, 413f, 446. See also Franks 31, 35, 37, 38–63, 64–77 passim, 80–81, Franks, 84, 375 109, 114, 123f, 156, 196, 271, 332–33, Frederick I Barbarossa (German emperor), 460ff, 464n, 465n, 466n, 467, 468n, 425, 441, 446, 450, 453 469n, 470, 471n, 474–87 passim; Selection Frendo, Joseph, 122n of Chronography, 38–43 passim, 48, 51–63, funeral orations, xiii, 63–64 78, 89, 110, 118f, 161–64 passim, 176–77, 209f, 218–19, 225, 285, 309n, 332–33, Gabras, Theodore (commander of 335–36, 341, 393, 406, 471n, 485; style, Trebizond), 369 51, 195f, 217, 472 Galatia, 352 George the Monk (historian):17, 78, Galerius (emperor 305–11), 71n 88f, 110–13 passim, 114–19, 124, 152, Gallienus (emperor 253–68), 285 159–60, 161n, 162, 164, 180, 186n, 196, Gallus (Caesar), 283 203n, 209f, 212n, 217f, 285n, 309n, Garzya, Antonio, 275n, 276n 332–33, 340, 342, 388n, 401f, 406, 461n, Gautier, Paul, 280n, 312n, 313n, 316n, 464n, 466n, 467n, 468n, 469n, 470–74 344n, 345n, 346n, 347–48n, 349n, 350n, passim, 480–86 passim; Georgius Monachus 352n, 353n, 354n, 355n, 360n, 365n, Continuatus and Georgius Monachus 366n Interpolatus, 203n, 340 Gelasius of Caesarea (historian), 70n, 161n, George the Patrician (father of Patriarch 469n, 471n, 472n Tarasius), 23f Gelasius of Cyzicus (historian), 117, 118n, Georgia, Georgians, 206, 209 161n, 470n, 471n, 472n Germanicea, 131n, 172 Gelzer, Heinrich, 52n Germans, Germany, 325, 374, 381, 413f, Genesius, Constantine Maniaces 425, 441, 446f, 451f (grandfather of Joseph Genesius), 132, Germanus I (patriarch of Constantinople), 177, 181–88 passim, 212, 333, 466 6, 16, 20, 23n Genesius, Dorotheus, St. (abbot), 183–84n Geta (emperor 209–11), 395n Genesius, Joseph (historian), xiii, 78–90 Gibraltar, 382 passim, 93n, 94, 132–34, 136–39, 140, Glycas, Michael (historian, theologian, 146–51 passim, 164–68 passim, 176–77, same as Michael Sicidites?), 309n, 401, 180–88, 190f, 195–202 passim, 209–13 403–7, 412, 421, 428, 437, 461, 463n, passim, 223, 226, 233n, 234f, 240–41, 466, 469n, 470, 471n, 472f, 474n, 480–87 249–50, 266, 269, 273, 296, 312, 333–36 passim Index 529

Goar, Jacob, 53n Helen Lecapena (daughter of Romanus I, Godfrey of Bouillon (Crusader), 374 wife of Constantine VII), 154f, 215, 227, Golden, Peter, 91n 231, 356 “Goliath” (epithet of John the Heliconius of Byzantium (historian), 469n, Grammarian?), 102n 471n, 472n Gordian I (emperor 238), 395n Heliodorus (novelist), 268, 379, 420 Goths, 9, 10–11n Heliopolis (modern Baalbek), 186 Grafton, Anthony, 51n Heliopolis (suburb of modern Cairo), 186 Gratian (emperor 375–83), 124n Hellas (theme), 122, 173, 278 Great Chronography (“Great Hellenkemper, Hansgerd, 250n, 417n Chronographer”), 2n, 5–6, 17, 31–35, 37, Hendy, Michael, 8n, 21n, 305n 78, 459n, 460n, 461n, 463n, 464n, 467n, Henry IV (German emperor), 381 469n, 472, 473n, 479f, 485 Henry VI (German emperor), 441 Great Preslav, 381 Henry, René, 93n, 108n Grecu, V., 437n Henry of Austria (ally of Manuel I), 410n Greek Anthology, 184, 396n Henry of Flanders (Latin emperor 1206–16), Greek Fire, 15, 87, 186 431–35 passim, 443, 454 Greek language. See Attic dialect; Koine¯ Heraclea Pontica, 135, 140, 145f, 461n, dialect 462 Grégoire, Henri, 82n, 148n, 248n, Heraclides (painter), 213n 444n Heraclitus (philosopher), 361 Gregory of Nazianzus, St. (bishop of Heraclius (emperor 610–41), 4f, 12–13, Constantinople, theologian), 57, 116, 28n, 29, 73, 76n, 77, 284ff, 366–67, 383, 118n, 151, 154–55n, 177, 179, 318 397n Gregory of Nyssa, St. (theologian), 57 Heraclonas (emperor 641), 4, 13, 28n, 29, Gregory the Priest (Armenian historian), 219n, 283, 287 404 Hercules (demigod): 367; Pillars of, 382 Grierson, Philip, 6n, 111n, 148n, 190n, Hermes Trismegistus (god), 268 216n, 219n, 231n, 317n, 351n Hero, Angela, 312n Grigoriadis, Iordanis, 290n, 388n, 392n Herod Agrippa I (Jewish king), 283 Grumel, Venance, 115n, 124n, 248n, Herod Antipas (Jewish tetrarch), 20 254n Herodian of Syria (historian), 161, 236 Guilland, Rodolphe, 207n, 423n, 427n Herodotus (historian), 36, 109, 159, 170, 236, 241, 243, 269, 284, 309, 379, 394, Hadrian (emperor 117–38), 286, 395 411, 420, 448, 450, 466, 478, 487 Hagarenes (Arabs), 244 Herod the Great, 62 Hägg, Tomas, 107n Herrin, Judith, 36n Hagiopolites, John (official under Leo VI), Hervé the Frank(Ervevius Phrangopulus), 132 264n Haldon, John, 8n, 25n, 458n Hesiod (poet), 184, 325, 420 Halkin, François, 218n Hesychius Epitome. See Ignatius the Halley’s Comet, 327 Deacon Hamdy, O., 450n Hesychius of Miletus (historian), 104f, Hannibal (Carthaginian general), 311 161n, 207–8n, 470, 471n, 472n Harris, Jonathan, 453n Hicanati (tagma), 98–99 Hausherr, I., 168n Hiera, 216n Hebdomon (suburb of Constantinople), Hierocles (geographer), 154–55 268n Hilarion of Dalmatus (abbot), 65n, 91 Hebrew language, 57, 63, 99 Hild, Friedrich, 250n, 417n Hedberg, Torsten, 419n Hill, Barbara, 378n Heinemann, Max, 388n Hippodrome, 36n, 113, 229, 241–42, 323, Helen (daughter-in-law of Romanus I), 416, 449 200n Hippolytus of Rome, St. (theologian), 58n, Helen (heroine), 402 118n 530 Index

Hippolytus of Thebes (writer), 2n Iconoclasm, iconoclasts, 12, 17–28 passim, History of Basil and Leo, anonymous, 36–39 passim, 43, 47, 64–68 passim, 126–34, 147–52 passim, 168–71 passim, 77f, 82–83, 89–96 passim, 97n, 99–105 185n, 187n, 193–94, 200f, 209–12 passim, passim, 109, 111, 117, 147–48, 186, 297, 334f, 460n, 461n, 463n, 467, 469n, 192, 196, 219, 224, 467, 473–80 passim, 471n, 474n, 475f, 480, 482, 486 486f “History to 682,” 2n Ignatius, St. (Nicetas Rhangabe, patriarch History to 971. See Nicephorus the Deacon of Constantinople), 98, 107, 112f, 116, Hoeck, Johannes, 431n 119, 121, 125–29 passim, 132, 140–41, Høgel, Christian, 203n, 204n, 206n, 207n, 143–44, 151, 172, 189, 194, 201f 208n, 209n, 223n Ignatius the Deacon (historian): 80n, Holmes, Catherine, 226n, 247n, 254n, 100–106, 109, 114, 119, 178, 271, 459, 255n, 256n, 329n, 330n 460n, 461n, 466n, 473, 479; Hesychius Homer (poet), 106, 175, 184, 187, 215, Epitome (biographical dictionary), 8–9n, 233, 236, 256, 273, 325, 352, 355, 361, 103, 104–6, 107n, 108f, 152, 460n, 465, 367, 378f, 402, 416–23 passim, 447–48, 469n, 470, 471n, 474; Life of Tarasius, 472n 19–24 passim, 47–48, 104f; Life of homosexuality, 48, 286 Nicephorus, 26n, 82n, 85, 100, 103–4, Honigmann, Ernest, 248n 105, 117, 118n, 137–38, 147; On Thomas, Honorias (province), 140n 84–85, 100, 102, 105, 147; letters, Hörmann, Fritz, 415n 100–101, 102, 105, 120; Life of George of Hormisdas (Persian prince), 395 Amastris, 101f Horna, Konstantin, 399n, 400n Ilium (Troy), 367 Howard-Johnston, James, 1n, 2n, 3n 5n, Illert, Martin, 178n 6n, 7n, 9n, 26n, 42n, 58n, 63n, 68n, Immortals (tagma), 352 352n, 374n Impellizzeri, S., 289n, 291n, 292n, 295n, Hoyland, Robert, 3n, 42n, 45n 299n Hugh of Provence (Frankish king), 200n India, 239, 244, 382 humor, 20–21, 36, 49, 215, 243, 392n, indictions, 15–16, 18, 75–76, 147, 199–200, 448–49 246, 253, 264, 327, 370, 372 Hungarians, Hungary, 230, 241, 325, 404n, Inger (father-in-law of Basil I), 251 405n, 408, 412, 414, 424, 445–49 passim. Iran, 244, 382 See also Magyars Iraq, 244, 382 Hunger, Herbert, 26n, 31–32n, 38–39n, Irenaeus of Tyre (historian), 457n, 462n, 63n, 94n, 114n, 122n, 123n, 150n, 153n, 469n, 471n, 472n 165n, 180n, 188n, 203n, 236n, 272n, Irene (daughter of Nicephorus Bryennius), 312n, 329n, 338n, 340n, 344n, 354n, 345, 354, 364–65 388n, 399n, 403n, 407n, 416n, 422n Irene (mother of Photius), 91f Huns: 67; “Nephthalite Huns,” 325 Irene (second wife of Michael Attaliates), Hussey, Joan, 106n, 409n, 425n 314f Huxley, George, 38–39n Irene the Athenian, St. (empress, 797–802), Hylilas (epithet of John the Grammarian), 17–30 passim, 42–50 passim, 65, 73–74, 99 94–100 passim, 467n Hyperbolus (Athenian general), 476 Irene the Khazar (wife of Constantine V), hypertimos (rank), 273n, 275, 282, 289 91n Irene the Sebastocratorissa (sister-in-law of Iadevaia, Francesca, 94n, 99n Manuel I), 399–402 passim, 467n Iatros (island), 391 Irenicus (father of Michael Attaliates), 312 Ibatzes (Bulgarian boyar), 256 irony, 20–21, 215 Iberia (Georgia), Iberians, 248, 253, 257, Isaac I Comnenus (emperor 1057–59), 263f, 298 260–67 passim, 277–81 passim, 289–96 Iberia, Western (Spain), 283 passim, 300–307 passim, 314, 317, 321, Ibuzerus Gliabanus (Khazar khan), 36n 325–31 passim, 339, 344, 348, 380, 467, Iconium, 374, 383f, 412, 453 475 Index 531

Isaac II Angelus (emperor 1185–95), 409, John IV (pope), 13 415, 422, 423n, 424–56 passim, 476 John VII the Grammarian (patriarch of Isaac (father of Theophanes), 64 Constantinople), 66, 77, 79n, 83, 92, Isaiah, Book of, 83 99–103 passim, 111, 113, 148, 186–87, Isauria, 462 193, 212, 221n Isaurian dynasty, 17n, 25 John VIII Xiphilinus (patriarch of Ishmaelites (Arabs), 40 Constantinople), 273–79 passim, 290, Isidore of Pelusium, St. (theologian), 118n 298–99, 302, 310, 313, 376 Islam. See Muslims, Islam John IX Agapetus (patriarch of Isocrates (orator), 355 Constantinople), 376 Istanbul Archeological Museum, 450n John X Camaterus (patriarch of Istrin, V. M., 175n, 181n, 206n, 211n, Constantinople), 430f 212n, 213n John (astrologer under Romanus I), 213–14 Italians, Italy: 172–73, 186, 261, 269, 296, John (son of Nicephorus Bryennius), 346 343, 368, 402, 412ff, 445f, 449n, 453, John Diacrinomenus (historian), 134, 161n, 461f; Italian quarter at Constantinople, 469n, 471n, 472n 418f John of Antioch (historian): x–xi n, 3n, 4, Italus, John (philosopher), 310, 356–57, 29, 33, 68, 70–73, 159–63 passim, 218–19, 358, 368, 371, 376, 378 222, 240–41n, 394–96, 402, 469n, 471n, 472n; anonymous continuer (possibly Jacobite Church, Jacobites, 259 John himself), 3–5, 7, 10, 16, 29, 33–37 Jacobs, Angelika, 398n passim, 457n, 462n, 469n, 471n, 472n, Jamblichus (novelist), 159–62 passim 478, 481 Janin, Raymond, 65n, 141n, 150n, 189n, John of Caria (bishop), 238 273n, 360n, 416n John of Cathara (abbot), 65n Janiszewski, Pawel, 457n John of Damascus, St. (theologian), 103, Jeffreys, Elizabeth, 114n, 344n, 352n, 399n, 105 402n John of Epiphania (historian), 469n, 471n, Jeffreys, Michael, 272n, 277n, 278n, 279n, 472n 280n, 304n John of Lydia (eleventh-century historian). Jenkins, Romilly, 124n, 125n, 127n, 139n, See John the Monk (eleventh-century 140n, 142n, 143n, 144n, 145n, 149n, historian) 150n, 151n, 153n, 156n, 173n, 178n, John of Nikiu (Coptic historian), 2, 3–4n 188n, 195n, 203n, 204n, 219n, 221n, John of Putze (adviser of John II), 439, 475n 451–52 Jericho, 41 John of Side (bishop, adviser of Michael Jerome, St., 54, 56, 69n, 104f VII), 279–80, 314, 322 Jerusalem, 12, 31, 40–41, 43, 50, 53, 58n, John of Synnada (bishop), 23n 61, 67, 74, 369, 382, 400, 414 John of Thessalonica (hagiographer), 21n Jews, 12, 18–19, 31, 61, 130, 149, 174, 209f, John Pitzigaudium (ambassador), 10–11, 244, 393–94, 402 13 Joannicius, St. (hermit), 91, 95–96, 100 John the Baptist, St., 20, 26n, 50, 178, 268 John I Chrysostom, St. (patriarch of John the Grammarian. See John VII the Constantinople), 57, 67, 118, 139, 178f, Grammarian 301–2n, 379, 406 John the Lector (historian), 122–23 John I Tzimisces (emperor 969–76), 203–8 John the Logothete (adviser of Constantine passim, 216, 221–46 passim, 247n, 248–52 IX), 275n, 299n passim, 269, 270n, 285–88 passim, 292, John the Lydian (sixth-century historian), 337, 383, 467, 468n, 486f 161n, 470n, 471n, 472n John II Comnenus (emperor 1113–43), John the Lydian (eleventh-century 343–46 passim, 355–61 passim, 366–72 historian). See John the Monk passim, 377f, 384–85, 389–90, 392, 397f, (eleventh-century historian) 407–17 passim, 428, 436–39 passim, John the Monk (participant in Second 443–47 passim, 451–54 passim, 468, 476 Council of Nicaea), 17f 532 Index

John the Monk (historian), 234f, 258–67, Kazhdan, Alexander, xii n, 1n, 2n, 26n, 269f, 291, 307n, 330–37 passim, 460, 31–32n, 36n, 38–39n, 63n, 64n, 77n, 461n, 463n, 464n, 467, 469n, 471n, 90n, 94n, 95n, 96n, 100n, 106n, 107n, 474n, 475, 480, 482, 486 114n, 119n, 121n, 122n, 123n, 124n, John the Orphanotrophus (brother of 125n, 140n, 150n, 153n, 165n, 178n, Michael IV), 258–62 passim, 292f 180n, 188n, 198n, 203n, 207n, 208n, John the Praepositus (secretary of 215n, 217n, 223n, 226n, 236n, 237n, Attaliates), 319n 238n, 239n, 247–48n, 309n, 310n, 312n, Johnson, Edgar, 425n 313n, 319n, 330n, 338n, 387n, 399n, Joppa, 446 416n, 422n, 423n, 435n, 449n, 458n Jordan River, 41 Kelly, Christopher, 6n Joseph of Antidium (abbot), 96n Kerch, Straits of, 9 Joseph of Cathara (abbot), 27, 47 “Khazarface” (epithet of Photius), 91, 107 Joseph of St. Glyceria (abbot), 391 Khazars, 14, 16, 36, 91, 107, 193 Josephus, Flavius (historian), 57, 61, 117f, Khobar (mistake for Kaaba?), 382 123, 159, 233, 393–94, 406 Khorasan, 382 Joshua (prophet), 41 Kiapidou, Eirene-Sophia, 226n, 329n, 331n, Jovian (emperor 363–64), 124n, 284n, 395 338n Jubilees, Book of, 60, 209 Kilij Arslan (Seljuk sultan), 372, 410n Judaism, 91n Koder, Johannes, 124n, 126n Julian (emperor 361–63), 5, 20, 67, 116, Koine¯ dialect (standard literary Greek), 93, 284n, 395 117, 407, 472, 473n Julio-Claudian dynasty, 324 Kokoszko, Maciej, 340n Julius Caesar, 31, 118, 159n, 268, 282, 286, Kolovou, Foteini, 416n, 423n, 426n, 427n 304, 394, 402, 406 Kougeas, Sokrates, 125n Justin I (emperor 518–27), 69, 124n, 396 Kountara-Galake, Eleonora, 183–84n Justin II (emperor 565–78), 396n Kouroupou, Matoula, 356n, 357n Justinian I (emperor 527–65), 68f, 113, 119, Koutava-Delivoria, Barbara, 170n 124n, 125, 140n, 198, 269, 306, 325, 396 Krallis, Dimitris, 312n, 320n Justinian II (emperor 685–95, 705–11), 8–15 Kresten, Otto, 80n, 203n, 381n, 403n, passim, 21, 36, 284n, 286, 467, 473 404n, 405n, 413n Justiniana Prima, 252n Krum (Bulgar khan), 38, 128n Justus of Tiberias (historian), 58n, 161n Krumbacher, Karl, 179n, 403n, 404n, 405n, 409n, 411n Kaldellis, Anthony, 83n, 88n, 162n, 180n, Külzer, Andreas, 141n, 251n, 268n 186n, 187n, 188n, 191n, 194n, 232n, Kyriakidis, Stilpon, 420n 233n, 272n, 273n, 274n, 275n, 276n, 277n, 278n, 281n, 289n, 301n, 302n, Laiou, Angeliki, 260n 303n, 306n, 312n, 318n, 324n, 437n Lamprus, Leo (conspirator), 260 Kaloyan (Bulgarian emperor), 431 Lampsidis, Odysseus, 399n, 400n, 402n, 403n Kambylis, Athanasios, 347n, 354n, 361n, Lane, Eugene, 388n, 389n, 394n, 395n 364n, 367n, 378n, 379n Langobardia (theme), 187, 192 Karales, Brasidas, 236n Laqueur, R., 38–39n, 40n, 54n Karlin-Hayter, Patricia, 122n, 124–25n, Lascaris, Constantine (candidate for 127n, 131n, 134n, 138n, 140n, 144n, emperor in 1204), 442 149n, 194n, 202n, 204n Latin empire, 431–35 passim, 442–46 Karpozilos, Apostolos, 26n, 31–32n, passim, 454 38–39n, 63n, 94n, 114n, 122n, 153n, Latin language, 6, 39, 54, 56, 69, 71, 77, 165n, 180n, 188n, 203n, 236n, 270n, 88n, 219n, 379, 395, 404, 471 272n, 273n, 275n, 276n, 280n, 312n, Laurent, Vitalien, 183n, 203n, 238n 329n, 338n, 340n, 344n, 354n, 388n, Lavra, Great (monastery), 335n 399n, 402n, 403n, 406n, 407n, 416n, Lazaropulus, John (bishop, hagiographer), 422n 248–51 passim, 460n Katsaros, Vassilis, 435n Lebrun, Freddy, 140n Index 533

Lecapena, Helen. See Helen Lecapena Leone, Eugenio, 420n Lecapenus, Basil (eunuch, son of Romanus I), Leone, Pietro, 388n 157n, 163n, 209, 212n, 214, 221, 227–31 Leontius (emperor 695–98), 11, 14, 284n passim, 243, 292, 297f, 302 Leontius (usurper), 72–73 Lecapenus, Christopher (son of Romanus I), Lesbos, 368f 149, 153–57 passim, 227 Lesmüller-Werner, A., 82n, 184n, 188n, Lecapenus, Constantine (son of Romanus I), 192n 227 Libanius (orator), 420 Lecapenus, Romanus. See Romanus I libraries: 335, 465; at Constantinople, 51, Lecapenus, Stephen (son of Romanus I), 58, 108, 118, 209, 335, 393, 465, 479; 227f imperial, 68, 162ff, 222, 235f, 335, 349, Lecapenus, Theophylact. See Theophylact 465, 477 Lecapenus family, 214, 231 Lichudes, Constantine. See Constantine III Leib, Bernard, 328n, 354n Life of Basil. See Daphnopates Lemerle, Paul, 7n, 26n, 84n, 97n, 103n, Life of Euthymius. See Euthymius I 106n, 115–16n, 121n, 124n, 125n, 153n, Lilie, R.-J., 29n, 64n, 354n, 371n, 382n, 156–57n, 159n, 161n, 163n, 164n, 172n, 425n 223n, 312n, 316n, 317n, 457n Liparites (Iberian prince), 264 Leo I (emperor 457–74), 124n, 283, 284n Liudprand of Cremona (ambassador), 155, Leo II (emperor 474), 124n, 284n 205f, 316 Leo III the Isaurian (emperor 717–41), 6, Ljubarskij, J. N., xi–xii n, 9–10n, 77n, 119n, 12, 15–25 passim, 36, 73, 97n, 383 138n, 191n, 195n, 229n, 272n, 282n, Leo IV the Khazar (emperor 775–80), 17, 285n, 288n, 289n, 290n, 354n, 407n, 19, 24–30 passim, 42, 64f, 73–74, 91–98 414n, 448n passim, 119, 146 Loenertz, Raimund, 431n Leo V the Armenian (emperor 713–20), 27, Lombards, 173 38f, 46f, 64–67 passim, 77–102 passim, Lopadium, 409 110f, 147, 185–92 passim, 196, 199, Lot’s wife, 41 216–20 passim, 274n, 332, 336 Louis I the Pious (Frankish emperor), 84 Leo VI the Wise (emperor 886–912), 79n, Louis II (Frankish emperor), 172–73 107, 112n, 121–36 passim, 140–54 passim, Louis VII (French king), 446 166–69 passim, 170n, 174, 180, 188, 199, Lounghis, T. C., 154–55n 203–4, 210–16 passim, 220, 224, 251, Luke Chrysoberges (patriarch of 275n, 283, 286, 467, 476, 481, 486 Constantinople), 416 Leo (great-grandfather of Basil I), 169 Lycaonia, 352, 452 Leo (son of Constantine VII), 155 Lydia (province), 262, 267, 461 Leo Grammaticus (copyist), 203n, 340 Leo of Caria (bishop). See Leo the Deacon Maccabees, books of, 61, 406 Leo of Chalcedon (bishop), 376 McCormick, Michael, 156n, 223n, 458n Leo of Synnada (bishop, writer), 247 MacCoull, Leslie, 2–3n Leo of Tripoli (raider), 150, 204f, 213 Macedonian dynasty, 151, 166, 169, 203, Leo the Asecretis (friend of Ignatius the 208, 210, 214, 226, 231–39 passim, 356, Deacon), 103 486 Leo the Deacon (historian), 205f, 210, McGeer, Eric, 209n 226–35 passim, 236–46, 247–51 passim, McGrath, Stamatina, 231n, 391n 252n, 258, 265n, 269, 285, 286–87, 291, Macrides, Ruth, 352n 318n, 320, 326, 334, 342, 382, 461n, Madden, Thomas, 429n 462, 464n, 465n, 466, 467n, 468n, 469n, Magdalino, Paul, 241n, 384n, 387n, 398n, 471n, 473n, 474–86 passim 399n, 400n, 403n, 405n, 406n, 407n, Leo the Patrician (father-in-law of 408n, 416n, 440n, 449n, 450n, 455n Theophanes), 64 Magyars, 155, 200n Leo the Philosopher (professor), 113, 133, Mahdı¯ (caliph), 42, 58n 171, 194, 283, 336 Maïctes (grandfather of Basil I), 169 Leo the Wise, Oracles of, 444 Maisano, Riccardo, 340n, 437n, 444n 534 Index

Malalas, John (historian), x–xi n, 2–3n, 4n, Marcellus, Claudius (consul), 311 33f, 68, 70–73, 117ff, 159, 161n, 162f, Marcellus, Claudius (nephew of Augustus), 218–19, 222, 395f, 457n, 469n, 471n, 472n 311 Malamir (Bulgar khan), 128n Marcian (emperor 450–57), 124n, 284n Malchus of Philadelphia (historian), 159, Marcovich, Miroslav, 400n 160n, 162, 469n, 471n, 472n Marcus Aurelius (emperor 161–80), 286, Malelias, Constantine (conspirator), 205 395n Maleses, Basil (Psellus’ son-in-law), 272n, Mardaïtes, 14 277–80 passim, 315 Margaret-Maria of Hungary (second wife of Mamaea, Julia (mother of Severus Isaac II), 424 Alexander), 310 Maria (daughter of Theophilus), 112n Ma’mu¯ n (caliph), 336 Maria (first wife of Basil I), 130n Manasses, Athanasius. See Athanasius III Maria of Alania (wife of Michael VII and Manasses, Constantine (historian, poet), Nicephorus III), 328, 354–55, 356, 368, 268n, 309n, 390, 392, 399–403, 406, 421, 378, 385n 461n, 464, 466n, 467n, 469n, 471n, 474, Maria of Antioch (second wife of Manuel I), 480–87 passim 400, 409n, 440 Manetho (historian), 54, 57–60 passim Marianus Scholasticus (poet), 396n Mangana (palace and estates), 91, 99, 355, Mariev, Sergei, 4n 359 Mark the Hermit (theologian), 118n Mango, Cyril, xi–xii n, 3n, 4n, 5n, 6n, 9n, Mark the Oikonomos (church official under 11n, 12n, 13n, 14n, 17n, 18n, 20n, 21n, Leo VI), 132 22n, 26n, 27n, 28n, 29n, 30n, 31n, 34n, Markopoulos, Athanasios, 80n, 94n, 38–39n, 40n, 41n, 42n, 45n, 48n, 49n, 95–96n, 106n, 107n, 139n, 177n, 180n, 56n, 63n, 64n, 66n, 68n, 69n, 70n, 71n, 182n, 183n, 189n, 190n, 198n, 203n, 72n, 73n, 74n, 75n, 76n, 84n, 90n, 91n, 205n, 206n, 208n, 211–12n, 215n, 217n, 94n, 95n, 96n, 97n, 100n, 101n, 102n, 218n, 219n, 234n, 312n, 339n 103n, 104n, 110n, 121n, 129n, 130n, Marmara, Sea of, 48, 65, 356, 388, 393, 165n, 167n, 168n, 219n, 237n, 309n, 427, 462 391n, 444n, 458n, 473n, 483n, 484n Martin I (pope), 13 Maniaces, Constantine. See Genesius Martina (second wife of Heraclius), 13, 283 Maniaces, George (rebel against Martinacius (relative of Theophilus), 193 Constantine IX), 260, 263, 294, 300, 303, Martini, Edgar, 93n, 108n 320 Marxism, 8n Maniaces family, 181 Mary Full of Grace (convent), 360–61, 364 “Manichaeans,” 107, 149, 375 Maurice (emperor 582–602), 5, 29, 32, 68, Manuel I Comnenus (emperor 1143–80), 135, 397n 358, 362, 365n, 384–90 passim, 399–418 Mauropus, John (bishop, scholar), 183n, passim, 422, 425, 434–40 passim, 446–55 270–76 passim, 290 passim, 467n, 468, 474, 476 Maxentius (emperor 306–12), 115 Manuel the Armenian (general under Maximinus (emperor 235–38), 395n Theophilus), 147–48, 186, 192ff, 212 Maximus Confessor (theologian), 3n, 13, 57 Manuel the Protospatharius (historian), Mazal, Otto, 400n 129, 150n, 181n, 197–203, 206, 209, Media (modern Midye), 141, 145 211–16 passim, 223, 234f, 249–50, 251, Media (region), 256–57, 265 260, 271, 333, 334–35, 460n, 461n, Megalo (wife of Theophanes), 64, 65–66 463n, 467n, 468–69, 471n, 473n, 475, Megas Agros (Bithynian monastery), 48–49, 480ff, 486 50, 65ff, 462 manuscripts, 65, 309, 342, 387, 398, 401, Melisende of Tripoli (candidate for bride of 403, 421, 484–86 Manuel I), 400 Manzikert, battle of (1071), 279, 295, 307, Melissenus, Nicephorus (rebel against 314, 344, 348 Nicephorus III), 348 Marcellinus, Count (historian): 469n, 471n, Melissenus, Nicephorus (scholar, bishop), 472n; anonymous continuer of, 3 189–90 Index 535

Melissenus, Theodosius (copyist), 203n, 340 Michael V Calaphates (emperor 1041–42), Melissenus family, 189 260, 263, 274, 289–94 passim, 297n, 298, Melitene, 128–29, 131n, 172, 321 300, 312–13, 320–21 Melkites, 45n, 123 Michael VI Bringas (emperor 1056–57), Melville Jones, John, 416n, 418n, 420n 262–66 passim, 267n, 277, 281, 289–94 Memnon (historian), 161n passim, 298–305 passim, 314n, 321 Menander (dramatist), 420 Michael VII Ducas (emperor 1071–78): Menander Protector (historian), 29, 37, 272n, 277–82 passim, 288–91 passim, 159, 160n, 161n, 240n, 469n, 471n, 295, 299–305 passim, 310, 314–28 passim, 472n 338–44 passim, 348–54 passim, 364, Menologium of Basil II, 223 367–68, 375, 379–89 passim, 468, 474, Mercati, Silvio, 208n, 209n 476; birthdate, 279n Mermentulus, Nicholas (official under Michael of Diabolis (bishop), 253n, Alexius I), 330n 331 Mersich, Norbert, 340n, 408n, 423n Michael of Ephesus (philosopher), 361 Mesanacta (estate), 408n Michael of Nicomedia. See Psellus Mesembria, 216 Michael of Synnada (bishop), 91–92 Mesopotamia, 244. See also Iraq Michael the Syrian (historian), 41–42, 52n, Mesopotamites, Constantine (official under 54–61 passim, 69n Alexius III), 427f, 433–34, 441–42, 448, Midas (Phrygian king), 20 476 Miles, George, 180n Methodius, St. (missionary to Slavs), military lands, 8 148–49 Millar, Fergus, 310n, 311n, 457n Methodius I, St. (patriarch of Miller, D. A., 92n Constantinople): 63–64, 65n, 80, 104, Miracles of St. Demetrius, 7, 21n 111f, 116n, 117, 128, 148, 167, 194n; Life Mohammed (prophet), 42, 244 of Euthymius of Sardis, 84–85n, 89n monastic names, 266f, 276, 310n, 391 Methone, 173 Monemvasia, 125. See also “Chronicle of Methuselah (patriarch), 53, 60 Monemvasia” metrics, Greek, 101 Monoenergism, 1, 12, 13–14 Metzler, Karin, 416n Monophysites, Monophysitism, 1f, 12–13, Michael, St. (archangel), 423 67–68, 259 Michael I Cerularius (patriarch of Monotheletes, Monotheletism, xii n, 1ff, Constantinople), 275–76, 277, 294, 296, 10–16 passim, 27, 42, 68, 69–70, 285 302, 321, 323 Monte Cassino (monastery), 267 Michael I Rhangabe (emperor 811–13), 28, Moore, Paul, 272n, 281n 38f, 46f, 51, 64n, 67, 86, 91–99 passim, Mopsuestia, 228–29, 233 110–11, 189f, 218n, 220, 336n Moravcsik, Gyula, 110n Michael II the Amorian (emperor 820–29), Morris, Rosemary, 117n, 230n 28, 31, 79–97 passim, 102, 110, 116, 147, Morrisson, Cécile, 317n, 351n 185f, 191f, 196, 199, 274n, 332, 336 Moses (prophet), 41 Michael III of Anchialus (patriarch of Mosshammer, Alden, 9n, 53n, 56n, 57n Constantinople), 416–17, 423 Mosul, 382n Michael III the Drunkard (emperor 842–67), Movses Daskhurants’i (Armenian historian), 81, 91n, 93, 100, 112–23 passim, 127–30, 2n 144n, 147n, 149, 151, 170f, 176–80 Muḥammad ibn Shu‛ayb (“Zerkunis,” emir passim, 185–99 passim, 210, 212, 220, of Crete), 181n 251, 271, 475–76 Munitiz, J. A., 82n Michael IV Autorianus (patriarch at Musele, Alexius (Caesar), 113 Nicaea), 432–33 Musele, Alexius (general under Irene), 46 Michael IV the Paphlagonian (emperor Musicus (official under Leo VI), 131n 1034–41), 258–63 passim, 268, 273f, Muslims, Islam, 2, 43, 50, 382, 417, 447, 289–93 passim, 298–304 passim, 305n, 449–50, 453 306, 320 Myra, 261, 400, 417 536 Index

Myriocephalum, battle of (1176), 408–9, Nicephorus the Chartophylax (friend of 412, 439, 444f, 452ff Ignatius the Deacon), 101–2, 104 “Myrmidons,” 325 Nicephorus the Deacon (historian, probably author of History to 971), 226–36, Narses (monastery), 273n 237–40 passim, 244, 246, 250f, 269, 285, Narses (Persian king), 71n 291, 333–37 passim, 460, 461n, 464n, Naupactus, 400f, 464n 466f, 468n, 469n, 471n, 474n, 475, 480, Nauplium, 433n 482, 486 navy, 16, 439, 451–54 passim Nicetas (imperial cleric), 145n Necrologium, 6, 111n, 190n, 218–19 Nicetas (secretary, friend of Leo the Németh, András, 153n, 156n, 157n, 159n, Deacon?), 246 160n, 162n, 163n, 164n Nicetas David the Paphlagonian (historian): Neocaesarea, 412 xi f, 74n, 125, 132, 133n, 134–51, 152f, Neo-Platonism, 301 178, 181n, 198, 233–34, 333, 460ff, 464n, “Nephthalite Huns,” 325 466–70 passim, 473n, 475–82 passim, Nero (emperor 54–68), 286 486; Secret History, 81–85 passim, 87n, Nerva (emperor 96–98), 283 88, 90, 94, 122n, 134–41, 144, 146–51, Nesbitt, John, 183n 152, 167–76 passim, 180, 184n, 185–87, Nestorianism, Nestorians, 12, 20 188–202 passim, 210–22 passim, 333, Nestorius (patriarch of Constantinople), 67 334–35, 460, 470, 471n, 480ff;style, 135, Neumann, Carl, 407n, 410n, 411n 138–39, 150–51, 175, 177–78, 225, 271, Neville, Leonora, 344n, 348n, 350n, 352n, 472; Life of Ignatius, 111n, 139–47 passim, 354n, 359n 148n, 150–51, 167, 178n, 189, 194, 202; Nicaea, 26, 102, 105, 310, 369, 375, 432–36 fragmentary saint’s life of Nicetas, 143–46 passim, 444, 455, 463, 464n, 479. See also passim councils Nicetas of Chonae (bishop), 365n, 423, 449 Nicephoritzes (eunuch, adviser of Michael Nicetas of Medicium (abbot), 91–92 VII), 273n, 278, 280, 303n, 304, 315, Nicetas of Medicium, Life of, 117, 118n 322ff, 338f, 348n, 350–53 passim, 376 Nicetas the Magister (general under Leo VI, Nicephorus, St. (historian, patriarch of writer), 204 Constantinople): xiii, 3f, 4–5n, 6–25 Nicholas I Mysticus (patriarch of passim, 26–31, 33–37 passim, 46–50 Constantinople), 125, 133–34, 142, 146, passim, 58, 64n, 66n, 68, 78, 83, 101–9 200n, 204, 207n, 213, 336 passim, 117, 118n, 147, 225, 273, 312, Nicholas II Chrysoberges (patriarch of 459–66 passim, 467n, 468n, 473, 479f, Constantinople), 254 486; Concise History, 9–10, 28–30, 31, 35, Nicholas III Grammaticus (patriarch of 73, 94–100 passim, 120, 158–61 passim, Constantinople), 371n, 372, 384, 397n 396, 469n, 471n, 473, 474n, 475, 485; Nicholas (monk of St. Diomedes), 133 Concise Chronography, 9–10, 28, 31, 32–35 Nicholas of Myra, St. (bishop), 261, 417 passim, 115n, 119, 124, 126, 309n, 340, Nicholas of Damascus (historian), 159 469n, 471n, 474n, 485; style, 28–31 Nicomedia, 272f, 369 passim, 97, 195, 472f Nika Riot (532), 32 Nicephorus I (emperor 802–11), 27, 38, Nilsson, Ingela, 403n 47–51 passim, 68, 86, 94–99 passim, 113, Nilus (heretic), 369, 371, 376 126, 274n, 284n, 467, 476 Nilus of Ancyra, St. (theologian), 118n Nicephorus II Phocas (emperor 963–69), Noah, 53, 123, 402 130, 174, 198, 203–16 passim, 221–233 nomisma. See coinage passim, 239–49 passim, 269, 270n, 285, Nonnosus (historian), 5, 161n, 470n, 471n, 287, 288n, 322, 326, 467n, 486f 472n Nicephorus III Botaniates (emperor Normans, 296, 316, 343, 345, 349–54 1078–81), 280, 295, 315–28 passim, passim, 358, 363–85 passim, 397, 404, 338–44 passim, 348–53 passim, 368, 375, 412–19 passim, 440f, 445–52 passim 383, 385, 389, 402, 414, 422, 468, 474, 476 Nosiae (monastery), 150 Nicephorus of Caria (bishop), 101n Nyström, Eva, 403n Index 537

Odorico, Paolo, 122n Paphlagonia, Paphlagonians, 26, 140, 143ff, “Odrysae,” 352 148n, 151, 270n, 423 Odysseus (hero), 367 Paraspondylus, Leo (adviser of Michael VI), Oeniates (general under Basil I), 173 277, 298–99, 304, 321, 323 oikistikós (official), 202–3 “Paschal Chronicle,” 5–10 passim, 15–16, Oikonomidès, Nicolas, 9n, 12n, 23n, 31f, 37, 51, 56, 60, 61n, 62, 124, 209, 39n, 64n, 91n, 92n, 154n, 179n, 291, 394, 396n, 469n, 471n, 472n 183n, 185n, 203n, 206n, 313n, 315n, Paschalides, Symeon, 139n, 140n, 142n, 317n 144n, 145n Olympiads, 15–16, 53, 291 Patlagean, Evelyne, 181n Olympiodorus of Thebes (historian), 5, Patmos, 335n, 399, 409 161n, 470n, 471n, 472n Patras, 97, 124, 125–26, 170, 183n, 247, 461 Olympus, Mount (Bithynian), 102–3, 276, Patriarchal School, 103, 114, 416–17, 423, 302, 310 464 On Transfers of Bishops (anonymous Patricius, Passion of St., 118n treatise), 247, 248n, 254 Paul, St. (apostle), 178f, 301n Oöryphas, Nicetas (admiral), 173 Paul II (patriarch of Constantinople), 4, 13 Oppian (poet), 53, 58 Paul IV (patriarch of Constantinople), 46f Opsaras, John (official under Michael VI), Paul (uncle of Nicetas the Paphlagonian), 267n 141–45 passim Opsician Theme, 102 Paul of Samosata (heretic), 61 optative mood, 30, 151, 392–93, 402, 419, Paulicianism, Paulicians, 107, 115, 121, 448, 473 172, 213 Orestias (Adrianople), 352, 379 Pausanias of Magnesia (travel writer), 160 Orgels, Paul, 248n Pechenegs, 230, 258n, 263, 264n, 278, 294, Orpheus, 268 344f, 350, 363, 368, 372, 374, 379–82 Ostrogorsky, George, 154n, 155n passim, 397 Oxia (island), 104n, 391 Peganes, George (rebel against Michael III), Ozolimne (lake), 380 171–72 Pegonites, Constantine (official under Paeanius (translator), 71 Alexius II), 423 Paeonians, 447 Peloponnesus, 97–98, 124–26, 149, 174, paganism, pagans, 59, 67, 77, 91 183 Palaeologus, George (general, friend of Peregrinus (philosopher), 53, 58 Alexius I), 362f, 371–76 passim Pérez Martín, Immaculada, 312n, 313n, Palestine, 13, 40–44 passim, 48, 50, 123, 315n, 318n 343, 445f Pergamum, 15, 53 Palladius (hagiographer), 118n Pericles (Athenian general), 352 Palmer, Andrew, 2n, 42n, 52n, 69n Persia, Persians: 5, 12, 31, 61, 67f, 71n, “pamphlets,” conjectural, xiii 74, 243, 256, 325, 351–52, 379, 382, Pamphylia, 250 393, 395, 402, 406, 413, 447; Persian Panaenus (painter), 213n Company, 193 Panagiotakes, Nikolaos, 236n, 238n, 247n, “Persicus” (mistake for Priscus), 70, 72n 248n, 249n, 251n Pertinax (emperor 192–93), 395n Panium, 400, 464n Pertusi, Agostino, 5n Panodorus of Alexandria (historian), 52–62 Peter, St. (apostle), 119, 178, 301n passim, 69, 74–75, 118, 124, 209, 469n, Peter (author of Life of Joannicius), 96n 471n, 472n Peter (brother of Nicetas the Paphlagonian), Pantaleon the Deacon (monk), 139 143 Pantocrator (monastery), 391 Peter (Bulgarian emperor), 155 Papachryssanthou, Denise, 357n Peter of Alexandria (historian), xiii, 123–24, papacy, popes, 74, 382, 414 152, 209, 459–64 passim, 466n, 469n, Papaioannou, Eustratios, 282n, 283n 471n, 472, 474n, 485 Papamastorakis, Titos, 435n Peter of Alexandria (priest), 70n 538 Index

Peter of Atroa (abbot), 65n 202n, 219, 271–75 passim, 283, 333, Peter the Hermit (Crusader), 369, 374, 382 459–65 passim, 466n, 467n, 468n, 473–86 Peter the Patrician (general under passim; Bibliotheca, 29–30, 32, 58, 93–100 Nicephorus I), 98 passim, 104, 106, 107–9, 119, 125f, 134, Peter the Patrician (historian), 5, 156, 159, 152, 161–62, 271, 310, 399, 465, 470, 161n, 459, 470n, 471n, 472n 471n, 474, 477n, 479–80, 484ff; Lexicon, Peter the Sicilian (abbot), 80, 115–16 106–7; Against the Manichaeans, 107; Petinus, Basil (official under Romanus I), Amphilochia, 107, 465 210–11 Photius (deserter to Arabs under Basil I?), Petronas (brother of Theodora), 113 173 Phaeacians, 447–48 Photius (martyr), 91 Pharus (quarter of Constantinople), 216 Phrygia, 235, 452, 461n Philip II (Macedonian king), 381 Physiologus (anonymous bestiary), 406 Philip of Side (historian), 161n, 469n, Picridius (monastery), 104 471n, 472n Pietsch, Efthymia, 289n Philip the Arab (emperor 244–49), 381 Pilate, Pontius, 286 Philippi, 381 Pindar (poet), 355, 417n, 420 Philippicus, Bardanes (emperor 711–13), 11, Pinder, M., 393n, 394n 15, 284n Pingree, David, 398n Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv), 370, 380f, Pisidia, 452 425 Pisistratus (Athenian tyrant), 434, 455 Philoenus (painter, mistake for Panaenus?), Pitzias (Gothic name), 10–11n 213n plague, 19f, 32, 38 Philopatium (palace), 359–60 Plataea, 420 Philostorgius of Borissus (historian), xi, Plate (island), 111n, 189, 336n 104, 160f, 469n, 471n, 472n Plato (philosopher), Platonism, 117, 273, Philostratus (author of Life of Apollonius), 283, 301, 352n, 361 394n Plato of Saccudium (abbot), 47 Phlegon of Tralles (historian), 58n, 161n Plotinus (philosopher), 273, 301 Phocas (emperor 602–10), 29, 34, 284n, Plutarch (biographer), 161f, 233, 285f, 304, 397n 311, 326, 367, 379, 394, 420, 448, 487 Phocas, Bardas (general, father of Poitou, 413 Nicephorus II), 214, 227 Polemis, Demetrios, 328n, 336n, 349n, Phocas, Bardas (general, nephew of 354n, 423n, 424n, 444n Nicephorus II), 221, 230, 242, 244, 253, Polemo of Laodicea, Antonius (orator), 355 254–55, 292, 297, 300 Polichnium (monastery), 65n Phocas, Leo (general, brother of Nicephorus Polybius of Megalopolis (historian), 159, II), 214f, 227–30 passim, 239–42 passim 162n, 233, 269, 291, 311, 326, 352, 367, Phocas, Leo (general, uncle of Nicephorus 379, 450, 487 II), 150, 213, 244 Polyeuctus (patriarch of Constantinople), Phocas, Nicephorus II. See Nicephorus II 214, 227–31 passim, 242 Phocas, Nicephorus (general, nephew of Pompey the Great (triumvir), 310, 394 Nicephorus II), 230 Porphyry of Tyre (philosopher), 273, 301 Phocas, Nicephorus the Elder (general, Potles, M., 388n, 389n grandfather of Nicephorus II), 174, 213 Praxagoras of Athens (historian), 161n, 198, Phocas family, 231f, 265n 470n, 471n, 472n phoenix (mythical bird), 448 prefaces: 29; of Theophanes, 39, 67, 76; of Phoenix, battle of (655), 13 George the Monk, 118; of Constantine Photian Schism, 107, 224 VII, 157–58, 162–69 passim, 195f; of Photinus (admiral under Michael II), 192 Genesius, 185; of Theophanes Continuatus, Photius (patriarch of Constantinople, 190–91, 195f; of Nicephorus the Deacon, historian): 27, 30, 90–93 passim, 97–100 235, 333f; of Leo the Deacon, 241, 243; passim, 106–9, 115–21 passim, 125–54 of Theodore of Sebastea, 249, 334; of passim, 167–80 passim, 191–95 passim, Scylitzes, 139, 176–82 passim, 198, Index 539

234–38 passim, 250–51, 258–61 passim, 385, 389, 397f, 411n, 421, 436f, 447f, 265n, 282, 329–42 passim; of Psellus, 456, 469n, 470, 471n, 477, 480–87 288–93 passim, 298f; of Attaliates, passim; encomium of his mother, 301; 318–19, 320; of Bryennius, 347; of Anna style, 272, 282–83, 286–87, 299–300, Comnena, 367; of Zonaras, 388–89, 393; 307–8, 348, 361, 379f, 472–73; probably of Glycas, 406; of Cinnamus, 411–12; same as Michael of Nicomedia, 272–73, of Eustathius, 418, 420; of Nicetas 278n, 280n, 315–16, 324, 338–39n Choniates, 437–38, 442 Psellus, Michael (supposed ancestor of Preger, Theodor, 36n Psellus), 336 Preslav, 242, 245, 381 Pseudo-Caesarius of Nazianzus (theologian), Prietus, 216n 118n Princes’ Isles, 92, 462. See also Antigone; Pseudo-Diogenes (rebel against Alexius I), Iatros; Oxia; Plate; Principo; and Prote 369, 375, 384 Principo, 65, 356 Pseudo-Dionysius (theologian), 118n Priscus (general under Maurice), 4f, 397n Pseudo-Eustathius (theologian), 57n Priscus of Panium (historian), xi, 70–71, “Pseudo-Sebeos” (Armenian historian), 2n 72n, 73, 159, 161n, 469n, 471n, 472n Pseudo-Sphrantzes (historian), 173n Probus (emperor 276–82), 284n Pseudo-Symeon (historian): 6n, 73–74, 79, Proclus (philosopher), 273, 283, 300 81, 85, 90–95 passim, 100, 107–11 passim, Proconnesus, 216n 136–51 passim, 167–74 passim, 186, 193n, Procopia (wife of Michael I), 88n 194n, 203n, 213, 216, 217–23, 225f, Procopius of Caesarea (historian), xi, 20, 232–33, 237ff, 256, 268n, 269, 288n, 335, 29, 31, 37, 68, 71, 72n, 73n, 77, 94, 159, 340n, 341, 393, 396–97, 398n, 402, 460n, 176, 198, 207–8n, 225, 236, 243, 246, 461n, 463n, 467n, 468–69, 471n, 474, 269, 271, 393, 406, 415, 448, 456, 464, 480f, 485; fabricated chronology, 220–21, 469n, 471n, 472n, 477f, 483, 487 222 Procopius (general under Basil I), 173 Ptolemies, 53, 402 Prodromus, Theodore (poet), 402, 407 Ptolemy, Claudius (astronomer), 361 Prokicˇ, Božidar, 253n Pulcheria (sister of Michael III), 251 prophecies, 18, 84–90 passim, 128, 133, Pupienus (emperor 238), 395n 137–41 passim, 147–50 passim, 167–73 Pyrrhus (patriarch of Constantinople), 3n, passim, 189–93 passim, 219, 228f, 236–37, 13, 27 357, 365n, 380, 404, 407, 425, 449–50 Prote (island), 111n, 189, 336n Quadratus (historian?), 311n protoasecretis (head of imperial chancery): Queller, Donald, 429n 463; Anastasius II, 12, 15; Tarasius, 19–23 “Quintillius.” See Quintillus passim, 26, 91, 477; Photius, 107, 477; Quintillus (emperor 270), 284n, 286 Daphnopates, 178–79, 182, 223, 477; Symeon the Logothete, 204–16 passim, Rachel (wife of Jacob), 40 223; Psellus, 274f, 477; Zonaras, 388, 392 Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik), Ragusans, Prusa, 216n 173n Psellus, Michael (historian, baptismal Rahewin (Latin historian), 404 name Constantine): xi, xiii n, 80–81, 88, Rainier (Caesar, son-in-law of Manuel I), 271–308, 309–20 passim, 324–38 passim, 440, 447 356, 397, 406, 455–68 passim, 474–87 Raoul (Crusader), 374 passim; Concise History, 88f, 207n, 271, Reidy, Joseph, 69n 278, 281n, 282–89, 290, 291n, 295–302 Reinsch, D. R., 282n, 345n, 352n, 354n, passim, 306, 308, 331–39 passim, 376–81 361n, 364n, 367n, 378n, 379n, 403n passim, 386, 396, 470n, 471n, 483, Renauld, Émile, 288n, 299n 485;encomium of Symeon Metaphrastes, Republic, Roman, xiii–xiv, 282, 286, 324, 203–4, 208; Chronography, 247, 268–72 326, 402, 450, 469–70 passim, 278, 279n, 280, 281n, 282–83, Restle, Marcel, 435n 287–88, 289–308, 309, 319f, 326–42 Reynolds, L. D., 465n passim, 347–54 passim, 361, 364, 380, Rhaedestus, 314ff, 322 540 Index

Rhalles, G. A., 388n, 389n St. Glyceria (island, monastery), 388–93 Rhangabe, Nicetas. See Ignatius, St. passim, 462 Rhangabe, Theophylact-Eustratius, 189 St. John (monastery on Patmos), 335n, Rhegium (modern Reggio di Calabria), 125 399, 409 Rhendacius, Sissinius (conspirator), 23n St. Mamas (monastery), 397n Rhyndacus River, 409 St. Mocius (monastery), 131, 134 Riedinger, Jean-Claude, 274n, 275n, 278n, St. Nicholas (monastery), 141n 289n, 295n, 299n St. Paul (orphanage), 377 Robert Guiscard (Norman duke), 280n, St. Phocas (monastery), 141, 142n, 143 367–68, 372, 374, 378, 380–81, 385n St. Sophia (church), 32, 34, 101, 104f, 132, Roberto, Umberto, 4n, 70n, 71n, 395n 194, 230, 237, 253–54, 259, 306, 327, Rochow, Ilse, 63n, 75n 416, 427, 429, 445, 455 Romans (ancient), Rome, 53, 61, 67, 88, St. Thecla (church), 380 118, 282, 310, 322–26 passim, 393–94, St. Theodore, (monastery), 28 402, 446, 469–70. See also Republic, St. Thomas (church), 131 Roman and Western Roman empire “Saïpis.”See Shu‛ayb Romanus I Lecapenus (emperor 920–44), Salibaras, Theodosius (official under 125, 129n, 135, 149, 153ff, 169, 178–79, Nicephorus I), 49 198f, 200n, 203, 208–14 passim, 220n, Samarra, 107n, 108 226ff, 233n, 283, 297, 356 Samodurova, Z. G., 123n Romanus II Porphyrogenitus (emperor Samonas (adviser of Leo VI), 131, 150 959–63), 155ff, 167, 179, 184, 197, 199, Samosata, 194 200n, 205–10 passim, 215–23 passim, Samothrace, 66–67 227–31 passim, 234n, 236–44 passim, 283, Santabarenus, Theodore (monk, adviser of 288n, 292, 297, 337n, 467n Basil I), 130–33 passim, 138, 141, 149, Romanus III Argyrus (emperor 1028–34), 174–75 258–62 passim, 268, 272n, 273f, 289–302 Sappho (poetess), 355, 379 passim Saracontapechus, Beser (imperial adviser), Romanus IV Diogenes (emperor 1068–71), 17n, 19 279ff, 289–90, 291, 295, 303ff, 306n, Saracontapechus family, 17n 307, 314–27 passim, 338f, 348–56 passim, Sarkel (fort), 193 364–69 passim, 383 “Sarmatians,” 379 Romulus (founder of Rome), 88, 282 Satyrus (monastery), 191n Romulus Augustus (“Augustulus,” emperor “Sauromati,” 325 475–76), 402 Savvides, Alexis, 433n Rosenblum, J., 407n Sawda¯n (emir of Bari), 149, 172–73 Roussel (Norman mercenary, rebel against Sbordone, F., 406 Michael VII), 322, 327, 349, 351, 367, Schamp, Jacques, 107n, 108n 379–80 Scholae (tagma), 170, 172, 336 Rufinus of Aquileia (historian), 70n, 117, schools, 20, 26, 101, 108, 125, 145, 236, 118n 250, 273, 275, 309–12 passim, 377f, 407, Rus’, Russia, Russians, 127, 129, 149ff, 174, 423, 458n, 464–65, 473, 478f, 483. See 200n, 202, 219, 230–33 passim, 237–46 also Patriarchal School passim, 256, 260, 263, 268, 294, 300, 325 Schreiner, Peter, 32n, 156n, 158n, 159n, 261n, 267n, 355n, 363n, 366n, 459n Sabas (author of Life of Joannicius), 95–97, Schwartz, E., 401 100 Schweinburg, Kurt, 340n Sabbatius (“Symbatius,” monk), 82n, 85 Scipiones (family), 322 Sacred Band (of Thebes), 379 Scleraena, Maria (mistress of Constantine “Sae¯t.” See Shu‛ayb IX), 260n, 293, 299n, 300 St. Chariton (monastery), 40–41, 44, 50 Sclerus (general under Nicephorus I), 97, 125 St. Demetrius (church), 360 Sclerus, Bardas (general, brother-in-law of St. Diomedes (monastery), 133, 168, 170, 174 John I), 221, 230f, 242, 247, 253ff, 292, St. Euphemia (monastery), 416 297, 300 Index 541

Sclerus family, 255 166n, 167n, 168n, 170n, 171n, 172n, Scott, Roger, xii n, 5n, 6n, 11n, 12n, 13n, 173n, 176n, 178n, 179n, 188n, 189n, 14n, 21n, 22n, 31n, 34n, 38–39n, 40n, 191n, 195n, 203n, 205n, 219n, 226n 41n, 42n, 45n, 48n, 49n, 56n, 63n, 64n, Severus Alexander, Marcus Aurelius 66n, 68n, 69n, 70n, 71n, 72n, 73n, 74n, (emperor 222–35), 310 75n, 76n, 114n, 194–95n, 340n, 341n, Sextilis (original name of August), 283 475n Sgurus, Gabriel (ruler of Acrocorinth), 433n Scriptor Incertus de Leone Armenio. See Sergius Sgurus, Leo (ruler of Nauplium), 433n, 443 Confessor Shepard, Jonathan, 248n, 263n, 264n, 265n Scylitzes, John (historian): 80–84 passim, Shu‛ayb (“Sae¯t,” “Saïpis,” emir of Crete), 88ff, 111n, 139, 165, 174n, 176–77, 181f, 173, 180n, 181n 188ff, 197–203 passim, 226–39 passim, Shu‛ayb ibn Aḥmad (emir of Crete), 181n 245–66 passim, 270, 282, 307, 309n, 312, Sibyl (prophetess), 448 326, 329–39, 340–43 passim, 347–52 Sicidites, Michael (theologian, same as passim, 364, 379, 387, 389, 397, 406, 410, Michael Glycas?), 405f, 428 460, 461n, 463n, 464n, 466, 467n, 468n, “Sicilian schoolteacher” (historian). See 469n, 471n, 474–86 passim; preface, 139, Theognostus the Grammarian 176–82 passim, 198, 234–38 passim, Siciliotes, John (phantom), 80n 250–51, 258–62 passim, 265n, 282, Sicily, 13, 15, 79–89 passim, 100, 116, 123, 329–42 passim; Scylitzes Continuatus, 327, 147, 154–55n, 173, 187, 228, 242–46 330–32, 338–39, 348, 380, 397; style, 339 passim, 261, 267, 316, 320, 343, 354, Scylitzes Continuatus. See under Scylitzes 367–68, 369, 404, 417, 461n, 463 “Scythians,” “Scyths,” 9, 20, 150–51, 243, Side, 250f, 257 298, 325, 379, 382, 407n, 473 Signes Codoñer, Juan, 81n, 84n, 93n, 138n Sebastea, 250–57 passim, 463 Sigriane, Mount, 65 Seger, Johannes, 344n, 347n, 351n Simon Magus, 119 Seibt, Werner, 329n, 330n Simpson, Alicia, 422n, 423n, 426n, 427n, Seleucia Pieria, 247 428n, 429n, 433n, 434n, 435n, 436n, Seljuks, Seljuk Turks. See Turks 443n Selymbria, 427–31 passim, 463 Sinai, 41 Semlin, 408 Sinatus (mythical builder of senate house), Septimius Severus (emperor 193–211), 394n 36 Serbia, Serbs, 256, 355–56, 374, 412, 414, Sinope, 128n, 148n 445, 447, 451 Siphantos (pirate under Andronicus I), 417 Sermon (Bulgarian boyar), 256 Siroë (Persian king), 12 Serres, 355–56 Sissinius II (patriarch of Constantinople), Serruys, Denys, 52n, 69n 254 Servius Tullius (Roman king), 283, 285 Sissinius the Patrician (grandfather of Septuagint, 52, 57, 63, 118, 393–94, 406f Patriarch Tarasius), 23f Sergius I (patriarch of Constantinople), 4, skiadion (logothete’s conical hat), 435n 12 Sklavos, Theoni, 337n Sergius II (patriarch of Constantinople), Skoulatos, Basile, 344n, 349n, 354n, 362n, 183, 254 366n Sergius (son of Sergius Confessor), 207–8n Slavonic language, 203n, 398, 403 Sergius Confessor (historian, probably same Slavs, 14, 18, 21, 97, 125f, 462, 473 as Scriptor Incertus): xi f, 90–100, 106, Smyrna, 368–72 passim 109, 120, 126, 136, 152, 161n, 176, 196, Socrates (philosopher), 53, 58, 364–65 207–8n, 218–25 passim, 271, 334f, 460– Socrates of Constantinople (historian), 69 passim, 471n, 479–85 passim; style, 93, 34–35, 70n, 93, 118n, 123, 135, 140, 159, 97, 472–75 passim 161, 271, 469n, 471n, 472n Šestakov, S. P., 177n, 178n Sodom, 41 Setton, Kenneth, 425n Soldanus. See Sawda¯n Ševcˇenko, Ihor, 6n, 36n, 38–39n, 63n, 97n, Solomon (Jewish king), 62 100n, 102n, 153n, 154n, 155n, 165n, Solon (Athenian lawgiver), 434, 455 542 Index

Sophia (first wife of Michael Attaliates), 313 Symbatius (rebel against Michael III), Sophocles (dramatist), 256, 352n, 367, 379, 171–72 420 Symbatius-Constantine (son of Leo V), 84 Sophoulis, Panos, 63n, 94n Symeon (Bulgar emperor), 128n, 179, 200n, Sophronius (patriarch of Jerusalem), 13 213–14 Sotas (captive of Cumans), 410n Symeon Metaphrastes (hagiographer). Sozomen of Bethelea (historian), 34–35, See Symeon the Logothete 70n, 134f, 140, 160f, 469n, 470n, 471n, Symeon the Logothete (historian, 472n hagiographer, same as Symeon Sozopetra, 193 Metaphrastes): xii, 183f, 203–17, 222f, Spain, 87, 269, 283, 396 236–37, 238, 297, 331, 335, 459, 460n, Sparta, Spartans, 97, 379, 487 461n, 463, 466n, 467n, 468–69, 473–81 Speck, Paul, 25n, 27n, 29n, 64n, 75n, 138n passim, 485f; chronicle (latter part also Stadtmüller, Georg, 423n known as “Theophanes Continuatus Book Stankovicˇ, Vlada, 350n VI”), 78–79, 81, 88f, 110–11, 112n, 113ff, Stauracius (emperor 811), 38, 51 122n, 126–34, 136–40 passim, 147, 148n, Stauracius (adviser of Irene), 46 149, 168–73 passim, 182, 187, 195–208 Stauracius (official under Leo VI), 131n passim, 209–17, 218–27 passim, 232, 234, Stein, Ernest, 124n 235n, 239, 256–60 passim, 269, 296, stenography, 101 335–40 passim, 471n, 475, 485f; Stephen I (patriarch of Constantinople, son chronology, 111–12, 126–29, 149, 201, of Basil I), 140–41, 168 222, 268, 309n, 332–33;hagiography, Stephen II (patriarch of Constantinople), 203–10 passim, 216f, 223, 251, 285f; 200n style, 199, 211–17 passim; poem, 205–8 Stephen V (pope), 149 passim, 215. See also Pseudo-Symeon Stephen (son of Romanus I), 200n Symeon the New Theologian, St. (mystic), Stephen of Byzantium (ethnographer), 150, 183 154–55, 156. See also etymologies Symeon the Protoasecretis (father or Stephen of Nicomedia (bishop), 236–37 grandfather of Symeon the Logothete?), Stephen the Deacon (hagiographer), 117 204–8 passim Stephen the Magister (official under Synaxarium of Constantinople, 90–91 Romanus I), 149n, 200n syncellus (adviser of patriarchs), 39, 44, Stephen the Younger, Life of, 117, 118n 47–48, 50, 258f, 463–64 Stephenson, Paul, 94n, 256n, 268n, 412n Synesius (officer of Alexius I), 382 Stethatus, Constantine (astrologer under Syracuse, 87, 121, 149, 174, 187 Isaac II), 449 Syria, Syrians, 2–3, 8, 14, 40–50 passim, 56, Stethatus, Nicholas (hagiographer), 183n 75–76, 100, 226, 232, 237n, 239ff, 246, Strabo (geographer), 150n 269, 305f, 343, 412, 458–62 passim, 478, Strugnell, Emma, 337n 486 Studius (monastery), 28, 117, 255n, 268, Syriac language, 2, 7–8, 41–45 passim, 274 50–62 passim, 68, 462 Styliane (daughter of Psellus), 274–75, 276 Stylianus of Neocaesarea (bishop), 149 Tacitus (emperor 275–76), 284n, 395n Stypiotes, Cesta (general under Basil I), 172 Tacticon Beneševicˇ, 154n Styppiotes, Theodore (adviser of Manuel I), Talbot, Alice-Mary, 22n, 236n, 239n, 244n, 403–4, 405 245n, 246n, 391n Suda (encyclopedia), 8–9, 10, 16f, 84, 104ff, “talent” (centenarium, 100 lbs. of gold), 20 158–59, 160–61, 164, 223, 381, 399, 486 Tancred (Norman prince), 370 Sulayman (Turkish general), 410n Tarasius, St. (patriarch of Constantinople, Sullivan, Denis, 236n, 239n, 244n, 245n, probably continuer of Trajan the 246n Patrician): 19–24, 27, 31, 45–50 passim, Svyatoslav (Kievan prince), 242, 244 91, 98–107 passim, 459–66 passim, 467n, Sylvester, Life of St., 118n 468n, 470–82 passim, 486; continuation “Symbatius.” See Sabbatius of history of Trajan, 17–25, 26–39 passim, Index 543

44, 68, 73–78 passim, 460, 469n, 471n, Theodore of Side (bishop, historian), 234f, 482, 486 238n, 247–52, 257–61 passim, 269, 285, Tarasius (brother of Photius), 91, 108 291, 326, 334, 337, 366, 397, 460n, Tarasius the Patrician (grandfather of 461n, 464n, 466n, 467n, 468–69, 471n, Patriarch Tarasius), 23 473–74n, 480ff, 486 Taronites, Gregory (abbot of St. Glyceria), Theodore of Studius, St. (abbot), 47, 63–67 391 passim, 91n, 105, 117, 178 Taronites, Gregory (cousin of John II), 359, Theodore Stratelates, St. (martyr), 230–31, 369, 372, 391n 242, 264 Tarquin II the Proud (Roman king), 282, 286 Theodore the Domestic (general under Tarsus, 148n, 172f, 228–29, 241 Michael VI), 299n “Tauroscythians,” 244 Theodore the Lector (historian), 34–35, 68, Taurus Mountains, 453 70n, 73, 104, 106n, 117, 118n, 219, 222, taxation, taxes, 15, 49, 174, 229, 231, 305, 396, 469n, 471n, 472n 307, 439, 441, 451ff Theodore the One-Handed (monk), 65 Tephrice, 115, 172 Theodoret of Cyrrhus (historian), 70n, Tervel (Bulgar khan), 14 117f, 135, 140, 160f, 394, 469n, 471n, tetarteron (coin), 229 472n Thebes, Thebans, 379 Theodosia (second wife of Leo V), 86, 88 Thecla (first wife of Michael II), 87–88 Theodosius I (emperor 379–95), 67, 76n, Thecla (sister of Michael III), 131 283, 396 themes (military provinces), 8, 117n, 154–55 Theodosius II (emperor 408–50), 284n, Themistocles (Athenian general), 379 396n, 402 Theocritus (poet), 420 Theodosius III (emperor 715–17), 12, 15 Theoctista (mother-in-law of Theophilus), Theodosius (patriarch of Constantinople), 193 417 Theoctista of Lesbos, St. (hermit), 204 Theodosius the Proedrus (rebel against Theoctistus (adviser of Theodora), 22–23n, Michael VI), 266 112–13, 127–31 passim, 170n, 187, 212, Theodosius the Younger (researcher for 486 Constantine VII), 164 Theodegius of Athens (bishop), 207n Theodote (mother of Psellus), 272, 276, 281 Theoderic (Ostrogothic king), 219n, 396n Theodote (mother of Theophanes), 64 Theodora, St. (wife of Theophilus): 100–106 Theodotus I Melissenus Cassiteras passim, 111–15 passim, 123, 127–33 (patriarch of Constantinople), 28n, 31, passim, 171, 193, 201n, 251; anonymous 111, 189 Life of Theodora, 116n Theognostus the Grammarian (historian): Theodora (wife of John I), 230, 242 79–90, 99, 120, 123, 137–38, 146f, 152, Theodora (wife of John Contostephanus), 185, 271, 460n, 461n, 464n, 468–69, 400 471n, 473, 474n, 475, 479ff, 486; On Theodora (wife of Romanus I), 200n Orthography, 79, 84, 89; probably same as Theodora Porphyrogenita (empress “Sicilian schoolteacher,” 80, 84, 88f, 177, 1055–56), 262–66 passim, 277, 289–94 332; style, 90 passim, 297n, 298–99, 302, 320–21, 327, Theognostus the Protospatharius 376 (ambassador under Michael I), 79n Theodore (father of Patriarch Nicephorus), 26 Theophanes Confessor (historian): xi–xii, Theodore (tutor of Constantine VII), 154 xii n, xiii, 5–25 passim, 29–61 passim, Theodore I Lascaris (emperor at Nicaea 63–77, 80–81, 98, 109, 139, 154, 162, 1205–21), 432–38 passim, 449, 455 178–81 passim, 190–91, 332–36 passim, Theodore of Raïthu (theologian), 118n 340, 460–70 passim, 471n, 476–86 passim; Theodore of Sebastea (bishop, historian), Chronography, 38–51 passim, 56, 67–77, 234f, 238n, 247–58, 260f, 265, 268n, 78, 84, 89f, 94, 98f, 110–14 passim, 119, 269f, 291, 326, 334, 337, 366, 397, 460n, 124, 126, 156, 161–67 passim, 176, 461n, 463, 464n, 466n, 467n, 468n, 180, 185–91 passim, 198, 209f, 218–19, 469n, 471n, 474n, 475–82 passim, 486 220, 225, 285, 296, 309n, 312, 332–33, 544 Index

Theophanes Confessor Theopompus of Chios (historian), 161n (historian): – continued Theosterictus (hagiographer), 117 335–36, 341f, 393, 396, 402, 406, 471n, Thermopylae, 256n 472–75 passim, 485; chronology, 75–76, Thessalonica, 121ff, 204, 369n, 381, 220; style, 76–77, 97, 114, 196, 217, 400–401, 417–23 passim, 431–34 passim, 249f; poem, 82–83, 85, 137–38, 147; 440–43 passim, 463, 484n anonymous Epitome and Continuation Thessaly, Thessalians, 381 of Theophanes to 829, 110–14, 116–20 Thomas (secretary to John II), 412 passim, 136, 152, 189, 201, 209f, 218–22 Thomas, John, 312n passim, 460n, 461n, 463n, 467n, 469n, Thomas Morosini (Latin patriarch of 470n, 471n, 475, 480f; anonymous Constantinople), 431f Continuation of Theophanes from 829 Thomas the Priest (Syriac historian), 2n to 844, 110–14, 116, 120, 127, 132, 147, Thomas the Slav (rebel against Michael II), 152, 201, 209ff, 460n, 461n, 463n, 467n, 84–90 passim, 100, 102, 105, 147, 186 469n, 470n, 471n, 474n, 475, 482, 486 Thomson, R. W., 2n Theophanes Continuatus: Books I–V, see Thrace (theme), 141, 273 Daphnopates; Book VI, see Symeon the Thracesian Theme, 23, 329–32 passim, 340, Logothete 352, 361n Theophanes of Byzantium (historian), 94, Thucydides (historian), 20, 31, 37, 159, 161n, 240n, 469n, 471n, 472n 243, 269, 284, 291, 309, 325, 347, 373, Theophanes Pharganus (guardsman of 379, 381, 413, 420, 448, 450, 466, 472–78 Michael III), 112f passim, 483, 487 Theophanes the Chamberlain (martyr), Thurn, Hans, 34n, 82n, 181n, 184n, 188n, 73–74, 146 192n, 229n, 233n, 252n, 253n, 256n, Theophanius (writer), 2n 264n, 265n, 266n, 331n, 338n, 396n, Theophano (wife of Romanus II and 397n Nicephorus II), 206, 228–31 passim, 241n, Tiberius I (emperor 14–37), 286, 403 285 Tiberius III Apsimar (emperor 698–705), Theophano, St. (first wife of Leo VI), 131 11, 14 “Theophiliscus.” See Theophilitzes Tigris River, 282–83 Theophilitzes (adviser of Michael III), 133 Tinnefeld, Franz, 226n, 239n Theophilus (emperor 829–42), 79–83 Tiridates II (Armenian king), 167 passim, 87–92 passim, 96, 99, 103f, Tithonus (Trojan prince), 438 111–14 passim, 115n, 116, 147–48, 167, Titus (emperor 79–81), 284 182–99 passim, 220, 271, 284, 336, 476 Tmolus, Mount, 236 Theophilus (martyr, general), 45n Tornices, George (eulogist of Anna Theophilus (companion of Michael III), 140 Comnena), 354–65 passim Theophilus, Letter of Eastern Patriarchs to, Tornices, Leo (rebel against Constantine 118n IX), 263, 294, 300, 321, 323, 327n Theophilus of Edessa (Syriac historian), Tougher, Shaun, 121n, 130n 42–45 passim, 50–62 passim, 66–69 Toynbee, Arnold, 153n passim, 74, 75–76, 156, 469n, 471n, 486 Trajan (emperor 98–117), 286 Theophobus the Persian (general under Trajan the Patrician (historian): xi, xii n, Theophilus), 113, 147–48, 186, 192f 1–2, 6f, 8–17, 18, 21, 25, 29–37 passim, Theophylact (son of Michael I), 67 68–75 passim, 105n, 110n, 225, 271, 458, Theophylact Lecapenus (patriarch of 460, 461n, 463n, 467, 468n, 469n, 471n, Constantinople), 179, 200n, 227, 473, 474n, 475–78 passim, 486; continuer 232–33 of Trajan, see Tarasius; see also “Epitome” Theophylact of Ochrid (scholar, bishop), Trapp, Erich, 388n, 397n 355 Treadgold, Warren, x–xi n, xii n, xiv n, 1n, Theophylact of Sebastea (bishop), 248n 3n, 4n, 6n, 7n, 8n, 9n, 10n, 11n, 16n, Theophylact Simocatta (historian), 1–2, 17n, 18n, 21n, 22n, 24n, 27n, 37n, 48n, 29ff, 37, 68, 70, 94, 126, 158, 195, 236, 50n, 52n, 54n, 56n, 63n, 65n, 69n, 70n, 379, 469n, 471n, 472n 71n, 74n, 75n, 80n, 82n, 83n, 84n, 85n, Index 545

88n, 90n, 91n, 92n, 94n, 96n, 98n, 99n, Vasiliev, A. A., 117n, 123n, 128n, 129n, 102n, 104–5n, 106n, 107n, 108n, 109n, 150n, 166n, 172n, 173n, 174n, 194n, 110n, 112n, 113n, 114n, 117n, 119n, 201n, 267n 128n, 134–35n, 144n, 148n, 160n, 167n, Vaspurakan, 256–57, 265 170n, 193n, 198n, 203n, 207–8n, 219n, Vatatzes (lover of Alexius III’s wife), 221n, 223n, 229n, 241n, 265n, 270n, 442n 291n, 296n, 304n, 305n, 306n, 309n, Venetians, Venice, 368, 381, 414, 430ff, 316n, 324n, 336n, 341n, 351n, 366n, 442, 446–47, 453–54 395n, 396n, 414n, 419n, 431n, 451n, Versinicia, battle of (813), 86n 457n, 458n, 459n, 462n, 464n, 465n, Villehardouin, Geoffrey de (Crusader), 466n, 467n, 468n, 469n, 471n, 473n, 419n 477n, 484n Vitalian (rebel against Anastasius I), 396n Trebizond, 183n, 248–49, 310, 314, 322, Vladimir (Bulgar khan), 128n 369–75 passim, 461n, 479 Vogt, A., 168n Triballia, Triballians, 256, 407n, 447 Vries–van der Velden, Eva de, 272n, 276n, Tripoli (in Syria), 400 277n, 278n, 279n, 280n Trojans, Troy, 367, 402 Vryonis, Speros, 145n Trullus (palace), 112 Trypanis, Constantine, 399n Wahlgren, Staffan, 110n, 128n, 129n, Tryphon (patriarch of Constantinople), 149–50n, 200n, 201n, 203n, 207n, 211n, 200n, 232, 234 217n, 285n Tsolakis, E., 314n, 338n, 405n Wallraff, Martin, 52n Tuffin, Paul, 38–39n, 40n, 51n, 52n, 53n, Walther, Rainer, 434n 54n, 55n, 56n, 57n, 58n, 60n, 61n, 340n Waltz, Pierre, 396n Turkish language, 265, 379 Watch (tagma, later judicial office), 182, Turks, 122, 145, 263, 278ff, 295f, 303, 305, 187, 330ff, 388, 392, 398, 463 314, 321–25 passim, 338–52 passim, Watchers, Book of, 209 366–75 passim, 379–85 passim, 397, 408, Wentzel, Georg, 104–5n 412, 413n, 414, 417, 423–28 passim, 433, Westerink, L. G., 139n, 142n, 144n, 145n, 435, 439–47 passim, 451, 452–53 177n, 178n, 179n, 182n, 184n, 189n, Tyre, 45n, 400 190n, 204n “Tzachas.” See Chaka Western Roman empire, 401, 415 Tzimisces, John. See John I Whitby, Mary, 31n, 33n Whitby, Michael, 7n, 31n, 33n ‛Umar of Melitene (emir), 128–29, 130, William I (Norman king), 404 194 Wilson, Nigel, 106n, 124n, 153n, 281n, Uranus, Nicephorus (writer), 206, 208–9 310n, 335n, 416n, 465n Uzes, 278, 321, 327n Winkelmann, Friedhelm, 135n, 136n, 139n, 140n Valens (astrologer), 398 Wirth, Peter, 411n Valens (emperor 364–78), 20f, 124n, 283 women, 354, 377–78 Valens, Vettius (astrologer), 398n Valentine (general under Constans II), 4 Xanthopulus, Nicephorus Callistus Valentinian I (emperor 364–75), 20, 76n, (historian), 71, 72n, 73n, 139f, 146, 151, 283, 395n 395n Valerian (emperor 253–60), 285 Xenophon (historian), 159, 161, 162n, 269, Van Hoof, Lieve, 165n 309, 351–52, 394, 411, 420, 466, 472–73, Van Nuffeln, Peter, x–xi n, 4n 478, 487 Vandals, 68, 77 Xerxes I (Persian king), 413 Vannier, Jean-François, 202n, 356n, Xiphias, Nicephorus (general under 357n Basil II), 255 Varangian Guard, Varangians, 359, 455 Xiphias family, 255 Vardar River, 253n Xiphilinus, John (patriarch). See John Varzos, Konstantinos, 354n, 445n, 446n VIII 546 Index

Xiphilinus, John the Younger (historian, Ziegler, Konrat, 310n, 388n, 389n possibly same as monk John Xiphilinus), Zeno (emperor 474–91), 32, 35, 67, 72–73, 309n, 310–12, 342, 394, 461n, 463n, 283 464n, 466n, 467n, 468n, 470n, 471n, Zered River, 41 474, 485 “Zerkunis.” See Muh. ammad ibn Shu‛ayb Xiphilinus, Nicholas (official under Alexius Zoë Carbonopsina (fourth wife of Leo VI), I), 310n 131, 150, 153–54, 191f Xylander, G., 339n Zoë Porphyrogenita (empress 1042), 260–63 passim, 274, 289–94 passim, 297n, 299n, Yah. ya¯ of Antioch (historian), 205–6, 234n, 302, 320–21, 327, 376 247, 252, 256f Zonaras, Basil (official under Alexius I, Yannopoulos, Panayotis, 63n, 64n abbot?), 390–91, 392 Yazı¯d II (caliph), 18–19 Zonaras, John (historian), 111n, 189, 207n, Yazma¯n (emir of Tarsus), 173 249–52 passim, 283n, 309n, 310, 311n, 312, 325–26n, 327–31 passim, 344–45n, Zacharias (father of Sergius Confessor), 357, 359, 364, 376f, 388–99, 401–12 91–92, 98 passim, 421, 426, 437, 443, 455–56, 460n, Zacharias (patriarch of Jerusalem), 12 461n, 463, 464n, 469n, 471n, 480–87 Zacharias of Mytilene (historian), 73n, passim; style, 392–93, 398 469n, 471n, 472n Zonaras, Naucratius (monk, same as Zacynthus, 187 Nicholas Zonaras the Elder?), 391f Zamolxis (Scythian), 243 Zonaras, Nicholas the Elder (judge under Zaützes, Stylianus (adviser of Leo VI), 124n, Alexius I), 390f 275n Zonaras, Nicholas the Younger (judge under Zaützes family, 131 Manuel I), 390–91, 392 Zaützina, Zoë (second wife of Leo VI), 131 Zosimus, Count (historian), 159, 162f, Zecchini, Giuseppe, 223n 470n, 471n, 472n Zedekiah (king of Judah), 53 Zuretti, C. O., 267n