<<

GENDER SENSITIVE MESSAGES DELIVERED IN THE DISNEY MOVIE

Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In the era of information technology, electronic media are broadcasted throughout the world by far- reaching multinational companies. In that way, various forms of entertainment have become inseparable from children’s daily lives. Due to their extensive presence, media may have considerable influence over children’s development and behaviour. Naturally, media are expected to provide not only creative entertainments but also positive didactic messages for child viewers, including those under five (5) years old. Early age education practitioners can make use of the movies to introduce the child viewers to certain values such as relevant gender sensitive messages. Frozen (2013) is a movie which depicts female independent characters that do not pursue romance as their only life goal; instead, they prefer to stay together and keep their mutual love as sisters after a long journey full of adventures.In this preliminary study, the visual and narrative elements of the movie are studied in order to analyze the gender sensitive messages wrapped in entertaining styles. To some extent, themessages can also enhancefive different developmental domains of childrennamely social, physical, intellectual, creativity, and emotion development (in short, S.P.I.C.E.).Thus, watching the movie can bring benefits to child and adult viewers from the viewpoints of entertainment, education, and child development. Keywords: child development; gender-sensitive messages; Frozen movi

1. INTRODUCTION captured hearts and minds of child viewers and adults, brought effects on industries such In this era of information technology, as music and tourism, and, to some extent, electronic media are broadcasted throughout aroused the opinion that the movie has “a pro- the world by far-reaching multinational homosexual agenda” (http://www.rollingstone. companies. In that way, various forms of com/music/features/the-year-in-frozen-20141231). entertainment have become inseparable from However, this paper will focus on the movie children’s daily lives. Due to their extensive as an example of Disney’s post second-wave presence, media may have considerable feminism movie where female characters influence over children’s development and appear significantly more independent behavior. Naturally, media are expected to without the obligation to pursue romance as provide not only creative entertainments but their only life goals. The visual and narrative also positive didactic messages for child elements of the movie are studied in order to viewers. analyze the gender sensitive messages This preliminary study is intended as a wrapped in entertaining styles which can be kind of mini research which analyzes the an educational media to introduce gender- Disney movie, namely, Frozen (2013). The sensitive messages to child viewers during movie has “shaken” the world since it has their developmental stages.

16 Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati – Gender Sensitive Messages .... 17

2. OVERVIEW OF THE MOVIE by the following writers. Schager (2014, para. 4) praisesFrozen for portraying ‘women Frozen (2013) is a Disney movie with a forging their own identities…whose goals storyline that revolves around its lead female have nothing to do with men or achieving characters, and , who are sisters and some standard-issue happily ever after…’ In princesses from the kingdom of Arendelle. the movie,Rosten (2013, para. 2) also discovers Frozen details the adventure and transformation complete reversal and subversion of Disney they must undergo following a serious mishap Princess conventions’ where the sisters are during Elsa’s coronation day which threatens ‘not saved by any men’. Arendelle’s future. They encounter male In order to convey gender-sensitive characters who appear as potential heroes, but and positive self-esteem messages, the in the end, the sisters prove that they can rely movieemploys visual and narrative elements on themselves in rescuing each other and their to reinforce those didactic ideas. Watching kingdom. It seems thatFrozen(2013) offers an positive didactic ideas is especially crucial for alternative and more gender-sensitive plot young viewers, because as stated by Morawitz where female characters are supposed to find & Mastro (132, 138), in observational learning freedom in their journey to self-discovery, and ‘the more an individual likes the media the kind of true love that prevails above all is models, the more likely he/she is to adopt the a love between sisters instead of a romantic modeledbehavior’, and through this young love between opposite sexes. acquire appropriate gender roles, self- evaluative standards viewers can and beliefs. Frozen’s plot features two lead female 3. GENDER SENSITIVE MESSAGES characters who are not damsels-in-distress in IN FROZEN (2013) need of male rescuers. Rosten (2013 para. 2) supports this statement and emphasizes that 3.1 Disney’s Stereotypical Gender ‘…The story from start to finish is the tale of Portrayal and Frozen (2013) two sisters’. The sisters have clashing as Disney’s Attempt to Introduce personalities: the divine-like Elsa possesses a Gender-Sensitive Plot tremendous supernatural power, and the worldly, freedom-loving Anna has none but Stover (2013) states that Disney and its is always in touch with reality. They are princess characters are often criticized for complete opposites of each other but almost promoting unrealistic body types and narrow inseparable and always ready to protect each ideals of marriage. Matyas also notes (11, 28) other without needing any male character’s that Disney has been accused of creating only help. In this way, without having to introduce one-dimensional and stereotypical heroines so a hero between them, they already fit the often that passivity and dependence become classic Disney couple description where ‘one notable characteristics of Disney princesses. side of the couple is identified with reality, This biased portrayal is a source of ‘significant the other with the imaginary, divine, or fire from feminists’ (Brydon, 2008, p.134), unreal…’ (Altman, 2013, p.154). Frozen’s because as Hecht (2) explains, representations gender-sensitive plot and its didactic ideas of of female characters in the media play a role female independence and positive self-esteem in influencing viewers’ attitudes and beliefs are detailed in the following part. about appropriate gender roles. As a result, repeated exposure to these negative gender 3.2 How Frozen (2013) Delivers representations may foster children’s and Reinforces Didactic Messages unhealthy view on women’s societal roles. Frozen can be seen as Disney’s response Some of Frozen’s didactic messages are to the criticism mentioned previously as stated 1) one should never be afraid to embrace who 18 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan SINTESIS, Volume 12, Nomor 1, Maret 2018, hlm. 16-26 they truly are, 2) do not judge people by their eventually to accompany her singing and appearances, and 3) true love may appear creates a magical castle which protects her. from an unexpected source. These messages Elsa’s escape and eventual discovery of are in line with the message carried by freedom symbolizes a heroine’s path of self- Disney’s postmodern princesses: their character discovery and learning to embrace her unique strength lies mainly in wit and passionate personality (Matyas 23). ideals instead of beauty (Stover, 2013) as their The scene where Elsa breathes life to romance becomes more realistic and love is - the snowman- signifies that her power no longer their only goal (Hecht 56-57). These can actually bring life. In this particular scene, messages conform to Disney’s aim to introduce she symbolizes some kind of earth-goddess a more gender-sensitive film featuring whose touch creates life. By presenting Elsa’s independent female characters on their road touch of life accompanied by her powerful to self-discovery without any need for a Prince song, Disney recognizes the role of women Charming rescuer. characters in folk musical as ‘the source of The first didactic message, that one life—the land, the mother,…who helps it grow should never be afraid to embrace who they and brings the new fruit forth’ (Altman, 1989, truly are, is delivered in Elsa’s character p.317). The presentation of positive messages development through the story, especially reinforced by lyrics in a song is an example when she breaks into singing the film’s main of atmosphere narrative which conforms to theme, ‘’. At the beginning of Frozen, Disney’s understanding of the influence of Elsa and Anna are visually portrayed as music over impressionable young audience fulfillments of the classic who ‘will remember the messages in a mold where princesses and heroines are powerful and lasting way’ (Hill, 2007). youthful, pretty, white and bourgeois (Brydon, Eventually, Arendelle recovers from its 2008) and living in exotic and unrecognizable winter after Elsa ceases her winter curse once lands (Hill, 2007). Before, during, and shortly she realizes that no matter what, Anna always after coronation as the new Queen of genuinely loves her. Here, the visualization Arendelle, Elsa is visualized in clothing and and narrative setting show Arendelle hairstyle which represent her isolation. She returning to its former glory once Elsa gains looks uncomfortable in a tight-fitting dress self-acceptance and recognition of Anna’s constraining her movements and long sleeves unconditional love. Ellington (33) affirms this and gloves that all seem to be designed to message as a manifestation of Disney’s lesson oppress her power. Her hair is arranged in a that women should pursue what they desire perfect braid which symbolizes a situation because ‘the best way to live life is to follow where everything is measured for precision. one’s heart’, and this conforms to the didactic Elsa’s visual portrayal matches Do Rozario’s message of embracing who you truly are. observation (2004) regarding Disney The second message about not judging princesses who struggle for autonomy and are people from their appearances is closely uncomfortable in their own bodies. related to how ’ character, as Anna’s Visualization of Elsa’s life in the castle suitor, is visually portrayed and narrated. reinforces how unhappy she is with Hans appears as an attractive Prince and a restrictions in her life. Once she inadvertently possible suitor for Anna. Fristly, he is freezes Arendelle and escapes to the physically described as a brave and handsome mountains, her characterization narrative prince as most fairytale heroes do (Neikirk, shifts dramatically. While singing ‘Let It Go’ 2009). His bravery is narrated through his in the middle of snow-covered seemingly decision to search for Elsa. He challenges her lifeless mountains, she looks happier than ever supernatural power under the pretext of and gradually natural elements on the rescuing Arendelle’speople and bringing the mountains respond to her presence positively. country to its former glory. His seemingly The entire snowy landscape comes to life heroic acts conform to the observation that Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati – Gender Sensitive Messages .... 19

Disney generally portrays men as natural actually never loves Anna. , who is ‘rescuers who save the day’ and rescue women revealed to be genuinely in love with Anna, (Towbinet.al., 2008). However, later in the rushes back to her rescue. Thus, viewers may film, Hans is revealed to be a power-hungry expect that his kiss of true love will save villain who wants to murder Elsa and to use Anna’s life. Through dramatic visuals of Anna to usurp Arendelle’s throne. He is a Kristoff’s rescue attempt through a snow Prince Charming. His visualization storm, viewers are led to believe that Frozen that does not comply with his narrative portrays conventional female victimization characterization reveals that Disney no where women are dependent on stronger longer maintains the beauty stereotype that males for their rescue (Neikirk, 2009). ‘… attractive characters displayed higher However, this visualization of Kristoff’s rescue intelligence, lower aggressiveness and greater is flipped because finally Anna never needs moral virtue’ (Bazzini et al., 2010, p. 2698). his help. She independently rescues herself, Meanwhile, Kristoff, who initially appears as Elsa, Kristoff and the entire Arendelle. The an uneducated ice harvester who only helps plot narration of Anna’s heroism conforms to Anna because of payment, is actually a Hecht’s research findings (42, 51) that more dependable and good man. Kristoff’s narrative recent Disney princesses are characters having characterization puts him in what Bruce (2007) the most independent and wield power to categorizes as the third type of Disney’s more rescue their suitors from harm. Mastro & developed prince who enables viewers to see Morawitz (133) assert that female friendships his internal struggles and character growth. can be more supportive than male friendships This reinforces the message that judging people with female friendships, and this portrayal from their appearances is not advisable. Hans’ shows important positive role models for revelation as a villain in disguise is exactly the adolescents and young adults. The visual point because, as Burger explains in Thoughts elements in the following picture can illustrate on Liberty (2013), the movies is also about ‘a how the close friendship between Anna and cautionary tale about romance’. Elsamakes Kristoff an outsider. The third message is about true love The gender-sensitive messages and coming from an unexpected source which is other didactic messages need to be introduced

Figure 1. A Movie Clip that Depicts how Anna and Elsamake Kristoff an Outsider (source:http://freedomhunger.blogspot.com/2014/03/recovery-lessons-from-frozen.html) visualized and plot-narrated by Anna’s ordeal to child viewers during their developmental after Elsa accidentally freezes her heart. stages to develop self-esteem, creativity, and Informed that Anna can only be healed by an open-mindedness among children, especially act of true love, Kristoff mistakenly returns her girls. The following part will describe and to Arendelle to receive Hans’ kiss but Hans discuss the stages of child development and 20 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan SINTESIS, Volume 12, Nomor 1, Maret 2018, hlm. 16-26 how Frozen can be used to enrich the children crucial period, the child may be left with a psychologically and socially during their developmental deficit that hinders his or her development. success in preschool, kindergarten/nursery, and beyond. Therefore, children must receive attention and affection needed to develop in 4. CHILD DEVELOPMENT a healthier manner. The objectives of early childhood 4.1 Early Childhood Education education according to the National Policy on Education (2007) are 1) affect a smooth Early Childhood Education (ECE) is the transition from home to the school, 2) prepare act of teaching individuals who are in early children for the primary level of education, youth ranges from birth until eight years. That 3) provide adequate care and supervision for age span consists of the most remarkable and children while their parents are at work, farms pivotal stages in life. As stated by National or market, etc., 4) inculcate social norms in Association for the Education of Young them, 5) inculcate in children the spirit of Children (NAEYC), it spans the human life inquiry and creativity through the exploration from birth to eight years. Early childhood, of native and local environment, playing with as indicated by Bear and Johnston (2008), toys, doing artistic and musical activities, etc., frequently focuses on learning through playing 6) teach co-operation and team spirit, 7) teach done by kids. As indicated by UNESCO’s the rudiments of numbers, letters, shapes and Early Childhood Care and Education Unit colours, through play, and 8) teach good (ECCE), early childhood is characterized as the habits, especially good health habits. period from birth to around eight years of age According to Yusuf (2010), these goals which is a period of critical mental health. are praiseworthy; however, a considerable These years establish the framework for measure must be done to accomplish them. subsequent learning. Templeton (2004) For instance, secondary school kids in Nigeria expresses that specialists in the field and early are in a basic phase of their advancement. Along childhood teachers both perspective the these lines, she focused on that they should parents as Early Childhood Education takes be occupied with figuring a self-idea, setting numerous structures relying upon the up a character, creating word related aptitudes convictions of the education or parents. A and mindfulness, and experiencing challenges great part of the initial two years of life are in the realm of instruction accomplishment. spent in the formation of a child’s first “feeling Teachers must give the privilege and of self” or the developing of their first character. convenient help to empower the kids build up This is an essential piece of kids’ make-up how the world-related skills that will make him/ they first see themselves, how they think they her feasible in the society (P. 47-49). should function, how they anticipate that Research has demonstrated that half others will work in connection to them. of a person’sintelligence potential is produced For this reason, early care must confirm by the age of four and that early childhood that, in addition to, employing carefully involvement can lastingly affect intellectual selected and trained caretakers, programme capacity, personality, and social behaviour policy must emphasize links with family, (Rubinstein and Pederson, 1995). In this home culture, and home language. This policy manner, early childhood is a period where implies that caregiver must uniquely care for environment really has vital effects on each child using developmentally appropriate deciding how the mind and focal sensory practice care to support families rather system develops and creates. than a substitute for them. Yusuf (2010) There are five different developmental adds that if a young child does not receive domains of children which all relate to one sufficient nurturing, nutrition, parental/ another and they can be referred to as the caregiver interaction, and stimulus during this SPICE of life: Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati – Gender Sensitive Messages .... 21

– Social domain which refers mostly to qualities are promptly accessible. Motion the ability to form attachment, play with pictures affect youthful kids (Narahara, 1998). others, co-operation and sharing, and The main characters in the motion picturesshould, being able to create lasting relationship therefore, contribute good examples and with others. meanings of masculinity and femininity for – Physical domain where the development kids. Since kids are dynamic and critical of five and Gross motor skills take place. viewers, movies and their animated graphic – Intellectual domain which deals with turn into a social asset for them to learn social the process of making sense of the world norms (Jackson, 2007). Images or characters around them. in movies can create positive or negative – Creative domain which relates to the emotions in young children, and when development of special abilities creating children understand their peers’ cultural talents. Music, Art, Writing, Reading, traditions they are more likely to form a more and singing are all ways for creative positive perspective of themselves and others development to take place. (Nahl & Bilal, 2007). Since the characters – Emotional domain which deals with the are more developed, individuals have a development of self-awareness, self- tendency to become moreemotionally bonded confidence, and coping with feelings as to the characters and storylines. Children’s well as understanding them. movies from several years ago (including Disney movies) also displayed well-developed Being exposed to and engaging in characters, and those characters had a developmentally appropriate practice can tendency to have a more profound emotional have profound effects on the way that a child meaning to their viewers. develops in all five of these domains. As stated previously, numerous young Media, specifically, electronic media, has children relate themselves with Disney picked up an amazingly ubiquitous presence movies. The characters in Disney movies are in the lives of the children around the world. frequentlywell-developed, and they are Research conducted by Vygotsky (1961) on inspiring young admirers. Numerous children the learning of North American and European watch these motion pictures again and kids has found that as much as 80% of again until they memorize the dialogues information they pick up by the age of 11 is and melodies in them. Positively, Disney learnt from the media outside the classroom. motion pictures can reinforce kids’literacy, In short, media can and should be incorporated communication, critical thinking and adapting both in the sense of environment and of abilities (Towbin, Haddock, Zimmerman, pedagogy into a more broad setting of child Lund, Tanner, 2004). However, almost all of development since children learn by listening, Disney motion pictures comprise of a hero and speaking, reading, writing and viewing a romantic dream which should be watched (media) more and more. The times of just and enjoyed proportionally by child viewers confining children’s media use for fear that it so that they can be utilized by parents, teachers, hinders character development are over. With or adults to support child S.P.I.C.E. children utilizing media for everything from development. playtime to figuring out how to communicate, Despite the fact that movies cannot it is important that parents utilize these substitute for firsthand contact with persons chances to reinforce children’s social-emotional of diverse groups, they can surely develop and development. widen their understanding. Early childhood A standout amongst the most vitally experts may observe kids’ motion pictures to important media that influence childhood be one way to seeing, understanding, and development is movies or motion pictures. tolerating the rich assortment and uniqueness Today numerous magnificent motion pictures of persons (Towbin, Haddock, Zimmerman, demonstrating a wide range of differing Lund, Tanner, 2004). As opposed to imagining 22 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan SINTESIS, Volume 12, Nomor 1, Maret 2018, hlm. 16-26 that the distinctions among us do not exist, messages, more elaboration is presented below. motion pictures help children find what is comparable and diverse among persons and 4.2.1 Social Aspect groups of persons. In this realm children learn to play with 4.2 How Frozen can be an Educational others and form attachments, and they begin Media to Deliver Gender-sensitive to cooperate and share with each other. Frozen Messages can help reinforce these aspects of social development because there is a give and take As elaborated in the previous part, that goes on. Much has been made from the movie is considered an essential media that role of the two main characters in Frozen, can help children build up their identity, Princess Elsa and Princess Anna. Some praise intellectual and social aptitudes. In order to Disney for finally breaking out of the traditional convey gender-sensitive and positive self- helpless-princess-waiting-for-her-prince esteem messages, Frozen employs visual and stereotype, whereas others blast the film for narrative elements to reinforce those ideas teaching children (girls in particular) that as in line with the idea of five different heroines are always beautiful, helpless without developmental domains of children, S.P.I.C.E. a man, and mostly just out to find their prince. It can be seen from the elements that run In Frozen, Anna acts like a prince who needs through the whole movie that this is a film to save his Princess (Elsa). She is bravely facing where the two main characters are both the sword swung by Hans in order to save Elsa. female, and how those female characters are At the end of their struggle, they give each drawn in exaggerated proportions and other love’s kiss-the love of a sister, not a man, dominating roles. It should be noted that in being the important distinction. It is clear that this paper, the important idea is not whether true love is not always found with a man, as or not Frozen is actually a feminist movie or many fairy tales teach, but can be found in any promoting stereotypesbut it is the idea that other person, regardless of gender.

Figure 2. A Movie Clip that Depicts how Anna is Bravely Facing the Sword Swung by Hans in Order to Save Elsa. children can be noticing how the sexes are 4.2.2 Physical Aspect portrayed in films and then forming (and defending) their opinion. To get clearer In Frozen, Anna is found running wildly, understanding on how Frozen can be an jumping here and there, and is quirky, playful, educational media to deliver gender-sensitive and a little bit awkward, in the most charming Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati – Gender Sensitive Messages .... 23 way. This is not, at any point, a story about a special abilities, which can turn into talents frail girl being saved by a noble man. Her as they grow. In the movie, Anna knows how attitudes and manners break traditional, to deal with wolves when she and Kristoff antiquated female and princess gender roles encounter some wolves during their sled-trip. of Disney movies. She also has no fear, which She hits one of wolves with a bundle of fire. is necessarily possessed by men. She is okay She also knows how to deal with rope (throwing by jumping into a cliff, even jumps right the axe tied with rope to save Kristoff). It before the male character (Kristoff). shows that anyone (not only boys) should Societypresumes that the issue of sexism develop their critical thinking and problem- primarily relates to girls because girls tend to solving ability which can help them when grow up thinking that the only thing that they encounter difficult time.

Figure 3. A Movie Clip that Depicts how Anna Deals with Wolves with a Bundle of Fire matters is their appearance. However, through 4.2.4 Creative Aspect this movie, childrenare taught to express whoever they want to be or whatever they Creativity relates to any kinds of art, want to do, whether it conforms to traditional including music. Music is a great way to help roles or not as long as they convey good kids learn. They begin to associate songs with deed and what they do can provide positive actions, and it makes the actions more fun to impact on others. Additionally, as caregivers do. As in Frozen’s themesong, Let it Go, the to children, parents should egalitarian lyric “be the good girl that you always have to activities at home that reinforce gender be” is one of the lines in the song. That piece equality. For example, a man can be a nurturing of lyric reinforces the idea of being happy caregiver and a woman can do chores that and free. require physical power. This reinforces the Different tones, musical patterns, simple message that judging people from their and repetitive but meaningful lyrics, beautiful appearances is not advisable; labelling that music arrangements composed in seven girls arealways weaker than boys in all aspects songs can be enjoyed while watching the is not advisable too. In the movie, Prince Anna movie. Children can see colorful backgrounds is, indeed, the heroine not Hans nor Kristoff. dominated by cool colors to match “frozen” situations, listen to songs, watch the actions 4.2.3 Intelligent Aspect and movements of the characters, and feel the whole atmosphere built harmoniously in This aspect is where children start the movie. To notice colors, shapes, sounds, developing and discovering that they have textures can activate the right side of human 24 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan SINTESIS, Volume 12, Nomor 1, Maret 2018, hlm. 16-26 brain where creativity is developed. This male trait, not female. This example strongly development can encourage kids todiscover supports the hegemony. The first impression colors, shapes, and shapes in their environment of Elsa was that she was this strong and and construct meaning out of them, and arts independent female character even though educationcan nourish this development. Even Elsa is a female, she is still taking on the if the child does not grow up to be an “artist”, characteristics of a male role. It is important the creativity and skills that are developed in to recognize that the concept of hegemony an arts education are transferrable. applied to Frozen represents expectations,

Figure 3. A Movie Clip that Depicts how Elsa Sings Frozen’s Theme Song “Let it Go”

4.2.5 Emotional Aspect perceptions, and “is a lived system of meaning and values” (Goldman, 1982, p. 364). In this realm, children become self- aware and learn to build confidence, while learning to cope with and understand their 5. CONCLUSIONS feelings. As in Frozen, a recurring statement taught to Elsa by her father reinforces the Frozen (2013) is a form of modern hegemonic portrayals: “conceal- don’t feel”. The entertainment created to deliver both writers encountered this phrase at least five entertaining and didactic messages. It is times throughout the film. It was first stated entertaining in the way that it is portrayed by Elsa’s father when she was a child as he artistically and vividly as always the case gave her gloves to protect and hide her of Disney movies, and it can be used as a tool powers. This statement reiterates the typically to introduce gender-sensitive messages male characteristics in Disneymovies that men which are also in line with the five different and boysare supposed to express their emotions developmental domains of children (S.P.I.C.E). physically or violently instead of emotionally These gender sensitive messages can be (Towbin, et al., 2008). Men and boys are not introduced to child viewers since they will be supposed to show their emotions, and that is citizens of “a global village” where encounters clearly what Elsa’s father has taught her to do with and experiences in various cultures as well. As stated before: “[boys] never show cannot be denied in which self-respect and their emotions, and they die with their boots mutual respect are equally important as well on,” (Larson, 2013, p. 271). Aside from Elsa as open-mindedness. However, the gender- portraying very stoic characteristics, she also sensitive messages should be introduced acts violently in the film when she does show carefully by considering many aspects. Despite her emotions, which is characteristically a its shortcomings, the movie proves that Retno Muljani, Mega Wulandari, dan Deasy Ekawati – Gender Sensitive Messages .... 25

Disney kingdom is now ‘a man’s world genre, with lots of fun being poked at Anna‘s dependent on a princess’ (Do Rozario, 2004). immediate engagement to handsome prince Frozen’s themes are deep and beautiful. Hans and Kristoff being slightly sarcastic, but It reclaims the concept of true love saving the it never reaches such a disaster. Frozen is, at day, recasting it for the 21st century in a way heart, an exceptionally excellent version of the that makes the caring heart of a woman as classic Disney cartoon musical. powerful as the sword of her prince. The Huge number of people who watch this movie completely shares nice scenerio for movie could quibble about the action finale, some feminists, that the main characters act but Frozen wraps that up in an inspired way bravely, make a decision, and do not want to that touched everyone deeply. In the end, it be held back by the male characters. Although is a wonderfully girl-powered story which the movie offers sly commentary on its own melted every .

REFERENCES Ellington, Emily S. Is Disney Surfing the Third Wave? A Study of the Depiction of Altman, Rick R. The American Film Musical. Womanhood in Disney’s Female Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1989. Protagonists. Thesis. Liberty University, Print. Lynchburg, 2009. Print. Bazzini, Doris, Lisa Curtin, Serena Joslin, Frozen. Dir. , . Walt ShilpaRegand and Denise Martz. “Do Disney Studios, 2013. Film. Animated Disney Characters Portray Hecht, Jennifer. Happily Ever After: Construction and Promote the Beauty-Goodness of Family in Disney Princess Collection Stereotype?” Journal of Applied Social Films. Thesis. San Jose State University, Psychology 40.10 (2010): 2687-2709. San Jose, 2011. Print. Bear, D.R and Johnston, F. (2008). Word study Hill, Kiara M. “The Making of a Disney for phonics, vocabulary, and spelling Princess.” McNair Scholars Journal 11.8 instruction. Upper Saddle River; New (2007): 83-96. Jersey: Merrill/prentice Hall Jackson, S. (2007). She might not have the right . Dir. Kirk Wise, Gary tools... and he does: Children’s sense- Trousdale. Home making of gender, work and abilities in early Entertainment, 2001. DVD. school readers. Gender and Education, Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth and Mastro, Dana 19(1), 61-77. E. “Mean Girls? The Influence of Matyas, Vanessa. Tale as Old as Time: A Textual Gender Portrayals in Teen Movies on Analysis of Race and Gender in Disney Emerging Adults’ Gender-Based Princess Films. Thesis. McMaster Attitudes and Beliefs.” Journalism and University, Ontario, 2010. Print. Mass Communication Quarterly85. 1 Nahl, D., &Balal, D. (2007). Information and (2005) 131-146. emotion: The emergent affective paradigm Brydon, Suzan G. “Men at the Heart of in information behavior research and theory. Mothering: Finding Mother in Finding Medford, NJ: Information Today. Nemo.”Journal of Gender Studies 18. 2 Narahara, M. (1998). Gender stereotypes in (2008): 131-146. Print. children’s picture books. ERIC Document Do Rozario, Rebecca Anne C. “The Princess Reproduction Service No. ED419248. and the : Beyond National Policy on Education. (2007). Lagos: Nostalgia, the Function of the Disney NERDC Press. Princess.” Women’s Studies in Neikirk, Alice. “Happily Ever After (or What Communication 27. 1 (2004): 34-59. Fairytales Teach Girls About Being 26 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan SINTESIS, Volume 12, Nomor 1, Maret 2018, hlm. 16-26

Women)”. HOHONU: A Journal of Orientation in Disney Feature-Length Academic Writing from University of AnimatedFilms. Journal of Feminist Hawaii 7.1 (2009): 38-42. Print. Family Therapy, Colorado State Rubinstein and Pederson. (1995). Childhood University, USA. Colorado: Routledge Education. New York; Harper and Row. Vygotsky, L. (1961). The development of scientific Schager, Nick. “The Triumph of Frozen, the concepts in childhood. In K. Paciorek, & J. First Disney Princess Movie about Girls Munro (Eds.), Sources: Notable Rather Than for Them.” Village Voice. selections in early childhood education 2014. Web. 2 May 2014. (pp. 11-18). Guilford, CT: Dushkin/ Templeton, S. (2004). The vocabulary spelling McGraw-Hill. connection: Orthographic development & Yusuf, H. O (2004). Language developmentactivities morphological knowledge at early childhood. as strategiesto teach early childhood. Rowley: Newbury House. Postgraduate Seminar, Department of Towbin, M.A., Haddock, S.A., Zimmerman, Foundation Arts and Social Sciences T.S., Lund, L.K., Tanner, R. (2004). Education, University of Abuja Images of Gender, Race, Age, and Sexual