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Quality Improvement of Indonesian University in the Face Of I S S N 2 3 2 1 - 1091 V o l u m e 1 0 N u m b e r 4 Journal of Social Sciences Research Quality Improvement of Indonesian University in The Face of Globalization Niniek Fariaty Lantara Indonesian Moslem University of Makassar Urip Sumoharjo Km 5 – Makassar Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article shed light on sustainable quality improvement of Indonesian universities by embracing autonomous principle as the propulsion for a more dynamic and accountable system in order to back up a reliable autonomy with accreditation to assure the quality of graduate students, and self evaluation to guarantee an apt decision making based on empirical data and information. Therefore, it is vital to reassess university vision and mission of teaching, researching, and community service, especially in the face of a more democratic globalization era sustained with science and technological development. Government, universities, and other research institutions, together with industrial sector, are highly potential to form a synergistic triangle to jointly handle internalization transfer and strategic technological development to enhance productivity and national competitiveness sustainably. Autonomy is a right or authority provided by the authorized party or government, while academic freedom is a kind of freedom owned by academicians in performing their duty and their functional activity, namely education and scientific research. The development of University accountability is meant to make the best use of university resources for activities sustaining the stated goals. Keywords: Education, University, Globalization, Quality Improvement Academic Discipline And Sub-Disciplines Management education SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION Management TYPE (METHOD/APPROACH) Literary Analysis; Survey/Interview INTRODUCTION Every citizen is entitled with the right to obtain a decent education equally with excellence and equity between access and achievement. This noble goal will surely be met when there are reliable academic activities of highly qualified academic design, educational process management resting on growth, novelty, and sustainability concept. Therefore, it is pivotal that the academic management be run professionally. Education sector becomes the backbone of many parties to produce highly qualified resources who are ready to tackle any alarming problems due to a fast paced development from the primary, junior, to senior high school [1]. Law No. 20 2003 [2] articulates that university is an academic unit which manages higher education taking the form of Academy, Polytechnic, High School, Institute, or University. Higher education principally is an attentive effort to develop students and institution level of knowledge and implementation towards the stated goals. University which serves as the ensuing educational level after the secondary education includes Diplomas, Undergraduate program, Master Program, and Doctoral Program which is managed transparently (article 19, paragraph 1-3). Meanwhile, Article 20, paragraph 1-3 declares that university which may take the form of Academy, Polytechnic, High School, Institute, or University is entitled to conduct education, research, and community service, (University Tri Dharma) and may enforce an academic program, profession and/or vocation according to the managed education programs. In addition, Article 22 puts forth that, the university with doctoral program deserves to award an honorary doctorate (doctor honoris causal) towards an eligible individual who is entitled to receive an award owing to exceptional services in the field of science, technology, social, religion, culture, or art. Government Regulation No. 30 year 1990 [3] article 1 paragraph 1 declares that Higher Education is supposed to prepare students to become a citizen with highly qualified professional academic skill who can implement, develop, and initiate science, technology, and art, and able to develop and disseminate science, technology, and art and optimize its function to improve people’s life and enrich national culture [4]. Basically, Higher Education is aimed at balancing life discourse of social system directed both at intellectual rise and moral maturity which requires special approach to overcome its all related problems. This solution calls for compromise approach. To foster human resource quality, to run after lag in many life aspects, and to adapt to global changes and development of science and technology, Indonesian nation represented by the House of Representatives and President on June 11th 2003 have validated the new Law of National Education System as a substitute of National Education System Law Number 2 2199 | P a g e September, 2 0 1 6 www.cirworld.com I S S N 2 3 2 1 - 1091 V o l u m e 1 0 N u m b e r 4 Journal of Social Sciences Research Year 1989. The new Law of National Education Number 20 year 2003 constituting 22 Chapters and 77 Articles is a manifestation of one of clamoring reformation petitions since 1998. What underlies the new change brought by the new System of Education law is among others democratization and decentralization of education, role of community, globalization challenge, equity and balance, education program, and students. In addition, another concerning actual problem such as instant title provision, false thesis making, false academic certificate, and so on have been regulated in the new law and would be regarded as criminal act which would be penalized as written in the new law of National Education System. (Chapter XX Penal Provision, article 67-71) [5]. On the basis of the foregoing background, this research aims at particularly unveiling the whole university aspect, both its function, problem, and complication in implementing its duty in the face of future challenge based on the new law of [5] and its derivative regulations. RESEARCH PROBLEM UNESCO (1996) has declared four primary pillars of education sector, that is education is predetermined to improve learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. The implementation of the four pillars in Indonesian education is that the national education system is expected to prepare all the citizen to fully participate in all sectors of life in order to realize an educated, active, creative, and united nation as is written in the introduction of the National Law 1945 that every citizen of Indonesia is entitled with decent education. There are ten mega trends which is reconstructed in the new law of National Education System which will support the new modern industrial society namely: 1) primary education, 2) curriculum, 3) PBM, 4) teachers, 5) education, 6) training and manpower, 7) higher education, 8) sustainable education, 9) education defrayal, 10) education decentralization and community participation, and education management [6]. In this account, there are some considerable noteworthy issues in the implementation of higher education in Indonesia, one of which is the low standard quality of graduate students. This is in contrast to what is previously expected that those with high level of education will find it easier to find a job. Consequently, the phenomenon leads us to wonder why the man power with high level of education still finds it hard to meet their dream job. In fact, the level of unemployment among those with high level of education is still escalating. One of the alternative answers to this question is that because the graduate student’s qualification is underrated and that their skill is irrelevant with the job demand. The high level of unemployment rate among scholars reflects fallacy in the orientation of university management. Instead of managing the intellectuality basis with which the students can learn applied skills, the university merely directs their students to learn vocational character education to meet the demand of the job market [7] . Within a modern industrial society, higher education will turn to become highly autonomous in which it will grow highly flexible education program on the account of science and technological development. The autonomy may take the form of academic program and lecturer recruitment from the society and industrial sector as well as from foreign countries. Within a modern industrial society, university serves as the center of science and technological development. It will become the research center activities which enable the institution to become the Universe-city. [6], refers to this term as the association of experts who pay high attention in the inquiry of the entire universe with its substances and phenomenon, not to mention as the center of art and cultural phenomenon. In the globalization era, higher education institution is expected to prepare their graduate students with required skills enabling them to work in any parts of the world with the professionalism level meeting the international standard. Higher education must create highly qualified and relevant human resources with the demand of the stakeholders. The importance of highly qualified human resources in maintaining sustainability and industrial competition lies on the fact that there has been a shift from the concern on production and labor factor to the knowledge factor, or at least to the skilled labor. There has been an escalating gap between skilled labor and physical labor particularly on the technology-intensive industry owing to the faster pace of production cycle. This phenomenon is well signified by the rapid pace of latest technology update.
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