10860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 3. the terms of' the 14th amendment of which Hampton Institute, founded in 1868 by the t:ept as specifically provided, -the powers of Stephen Girard never heard telL American Missionary Society for Negroes and the sovereignty of the States were reserved' This argument got nowhere in Pennsyl Indians. to the States. vania-at any rate in the State's law courts- There are hundreds of privately endowed · The question which I would like to leave for the Pennsylvania Supreme Court turned colleges, universities, charitable organiza with you is, "How far, and what is the pur it down on what most people would describe tions, and foundations which include public pose, of some of these decisions which would as the reasonable ground that the late Mr. officials on their board of trustees, ex officio; destroy the sovereignty of our States and set Girard had a right to will away his money many are wholly or partially exempt from up in place of our historical system of di as he chose, and that you couldn't sa~ely go taxation. Would not a home for aged and vided sovereignty a monolithic omnipotent around upsetting wills simply because they infirm Baptists ipso facto discriminate central government?" didn't suit pressure groups which turned up against aged and infirm Episcopalians, and Hitler said that his first 2 years in office a hundred years after the wills were made. on religious grounds to boot? were consumed in breaking down the power That seemed to settle it to the satisfaction Here is another facet to the Girard ruling: of the separate German States so that Ger of all except a group of ambitious politicians. Could it be extended to private institutions many could be governed effectively from This group took the Girard case into the or services other than educational ones? Berlin to establish national socialism. Federal courts and it is painful to record Could it, for example, be extended to cases There is much justifiable concern that the that the mayor of Philadelphia and the Gov where the State licenses an essential service original American constitutional system has ernor of Pennsylvania, far from resisting the such as those provided by doctors, lawyers, been impaired in three ways: efforts to upset a will of which they were pharmacists, architects, engineers, etc.? 1. By Executive usurpation of power. supposed to be trustees, actually joined the Maybe this sounds remote. However, in a California lawsuit decided a few weeks ago, a ' 2. By congressional abdication of power. movement to set it aside. 3. By decisions of the Supreme Court The real question, of course, was and is Negro brought a suit against a Los Angeles dentist who hadoorefused to treat him be which alter. the meaning of the Constitu "If a trustee happens to be an official of a tion. · city or State, when he acts as a trustee is he cause of his race. The plaintiff had argued that the dentist, as a publicly licensed prac - Day before yesterday I was visiting with a acting as the agent of the maker of the trust titioner of an essential service, was pro former president of the American Bar Asso or is he acting as the agent of the State?" hibited by constitutional principles from re-. ciation. Of course I was proud to advise him When one considers that no public funds fusing to accept him as a patient. that I was goirig to speak to the lawyers of were involved in the Girard College case, but While the California court ruled for the Minnesota today. When I gave him a brief the entire $100 million now in the fund are dentist, it did so at least partly in deference outline of what I was going to talk about, private funds, it seems that the answer to to the traditional reluctance of the courts to he said, "I hope y'ou will tell the lawyers the question should be obvious. interfere with the doctor-patient relation of Minnesota of my own concern over the A few miles down the pike from Girard ship. trend of the decisions of our United States in Pennsylvania is little Haverford College, The point ls that the question has been Supreme Court." a 125-year-old Quaker school. Haverford has raised and has actually gone to court. The He said further, "I hope you will tell the been wrestling with the problem of whether argument has been made. In future cases lawyers of Minnesota that I am fearful of or not to accept a grant of Defense Depart of this kind, the apparent public interest the weakness of lawyers in not standing ment funds for research in organic chem doctrine of the Girard College case might be up for what are important principles, not istry. However, Haverford discriminates. It advanced in an effort to strengthen that only of our Constitution but the matter of discriminates on the basis of sex and, to a argument. appointment of judges." degree, religion. I have no doubt that Girard College will For example, he said, "I will say to a So the question is, If Haverford accepts welcome Negro boys since it is required to · member of the bar 'are you in favor of so Federal money for research, does the Gov accept them. But when courts undertake to and-so for a Federal judgeship?' The law ernment-on the theory of public interest decide issues which ought to be decided by yers will say, 'Heavens no.' Then I wili similar to the Girard case-have the power the people and their elected representatives, say, 'Well, come along with me and oppose to stop any discrimination in favor of male confusion and conflict are inevitable. the appointment.' The lawyer will usually Quaker students? If it is necessary to imperil the whole in say, 'Oh, I can't do that, I may have a case Such well-known private schools as Har stitution of inheritance in order to accom before him.' And the man gets the appoint vard, Yale, Princeton, Dartmouth, Notre modate perhaps two dozen Negro boys in a ment.'' Dame, California Institute of Technology, privately endowed school, why not let the It is trite to say that eternal vigilance Case Institute of Cleveland, and others are .State legislature do it? In such circum · is the price of liberty. further examples of schools outside the stances the citizens would at least have an Deep South which practice some degree of The right is one which rests with every opportunity to learn what the issue was. If citizen-it is ·not just the responsibility of discrimination based on either sex or reli they decided to go ahead with the wrecking gion, and which are apt to have formal rela anyway, nobody could say, as a good many Congress or the executive or the judiciary: tionships with Government from time to people are beginning to say, that the threat It is as inherent in the individual and the time. to our institutions is less from the Commu collective membership of this bar associa Are their scholastic and administrative pol nists than from a Supreme Court so dedi tion. If you are vacillating, indifferent, or icies subject to the 14th amendment? cated to sociology as to be startlingly in without courage, then the greatest Republic Then there is Tuskegee Institute, founded different to constitutional tradition. in the history of the world will fall, not from ln 1880 by that great Negro leader, Booker Under our Constitution, our forefathars its enemies without but from its enemies T. Washington, for Negroes, not to mention most wisely provided in substance that, ex- :within.
of the regal and precious things which the Senate, each with an amendment, SENATE ennoble life and crown it with glory. In in which it requested the concurrence of the Redeemer's name we ask it. Amen. the Senate: WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1957 S. 749. An act for the relief of Loutfie The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown THE JOURNAL Kalil Noma (also known as Loutfie Siemon Harris, D. D., offered the following Noma or Loutfie Noama) ; and prayer: On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by S.1799. An act to facilitate the payment unanimous consent, the Journal of the of Government checks, and for other pur o Lord God, who knowest the burdens proceedings of Tuesday, July 2, 1957, was poses. we bear, the tasks we face, and the approved, and its reading was dispensed The message also announced that the problems which confront us: Grant us, with. we pray, the royalty of inward content House had passed the following bills and which comes only from uncompromising joint resolutions, in which it requested personal integrity and the calm com MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDEN~ the concurrence of the Senate: posure which is the reward of doing al Messages in writing from the Presi H. R. 1259. An act to clear the title to cer ways the things which please Thee. So tain Indian land; dent of the United States were com ' H. R. 1339. An act for the relief of the let the spirit of joyous service dwell in municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, our hearts, that we may carry about the Malowney Real Estate Co., Inc.: one of his secretaries. H. R. 1424. An act for the relief of Sylvia. infection of a good courage, meeting all Ottila. Teny1; , life's tests with gallant-hearted devo MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE ~ H. R.1473. An act for the relief of Rich; tion and dedication to the highest. ·As in ardson Corp.; Thy name we contend against the vile A message from the House of Repre H. R. 1677. An act for the relief of Gilbert treacheries which today foul the earth sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its B. Mar; and enslave Thy children, make us the reading clerks, announced · that the H. R. 1695: An act for the relief of Harry kind of persons fit to be the defenders House had passed the following bills of N. Duff; 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10861 H. R.1826. An act to authorize the sale in the caunty of San Jacinto, Tex., and A-9804796, Lau, Foo Kwal. of certain lands of the United States in authorizing named parties to bring suit for A-2201853, Lee, John Koo. Wyoming to Bud E. Burnaugh; title and possession of same; . A-8891582, Lee, Ronald Shao Nan, also H. R. 2259. An act to provide for the con H. R. 5288. An act for the relief of Orville known as Shao Nan Lee. veyance of all right, title, and interest of the G. Everett and Mrs. Agnes H. Everett; A-10130368, Li, Thomas Chang-Jen. United States to certain real property in H. R. 5365. An act for the relief of Robert A-9709772, Low, You, or Low Yow, or Low Prairie County, Ark.; B. Peterman; Cheu. H. R. 2674. An act for the relief of Morris H. R. 6528. An act for the relief of Mrs. · A-8310804, Lusik, Valev Valentin. B. Wallach; Lyman C. Murphey; 0300-301304, Maerz, Alla. H. R. 2752. An act for the relief of Frank H. R. 6530. An act for the relief of Arthur E-094647, Nee, Fred, also known as Nee A. Simmons; L. Bornstein; Kao Hong. H. R. 3344. An act for the relief of Ken- H. R. 6664. An act for the relief of Ray A-8956186, Pettersson, Sing Ye, also known neth F. Aieles; . mond R. Sanders Van Service; ' as Sadie Sing Yee Pettersson (nee Romahn) • H. R. 3720. An act for the relief of Carl J. - H. R. 6961. An act for the relief of Walter (nee Wong), Sing Yee. Warneke; H. B erry; A-9562348, Que, Cheng Sim. H. R. 4335. An act for the relief of Ramon H.J. Res. 339. Joint resolution to waive A-9825046, Reichel, Stefan. Tavarez; certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the A-9542507,Siew, Wong. · H. R. 4768. An act to quiet title and pos Immigration and Nationality Act in behalf A-8055441, Stark, Simon. session with respect to certain real property of certain aliens; A-10052787, Sun, Chi Fong Tyen. in the county of San Jacinto, Tex., and au H.J. Res. 367. Joint resolution to waive A-10060432, Sun, Eeh-John. thorizing named parties to bring suit for certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the A- 7243268, Svagna, Silvo. title and possession of same; Immigr·ation and Nationality Act in behalf 0300- 457385, Tan, Annie Hsu. H. R. 4986. An act for the relief of the of certain aliens; A- 7277350, Tang, Edward Yau Chien, for .. widow and children of John E. Donahue; H.J. Res. 368.' Joint resolution for the re merly Wau Chien Tang. H . R. 5288. An act for the relief of Orville lief of certain aliens; and A-7143030, Tawil, Esther. G. Everett and Mrs. Agnes H. Everett; H.J. Res. 373. Joint resolution to facili A-6694206, Teng, Celia, or Celia Hsi-Lee ·· H. R. 5365. An act for the relief of Robert tate the admission into the United States of T seng, or Celia Marie Teng. B. Petermai1; i certain aliens; to the Committee on the Judi A- 7462147, Wu, Edith Hsiu-Hwei. H. R. 6528. An act for the relief of Mrs. ciary. · A- 6699876, Wu, Irene Hsueh. Lyman c. Murphey; - H. R . 2259. An act to provide for the con . A-6986541, Yu, Alex Shih-Ge. H. R. 6530. An act for the relief of Arthur veyance of all right, title, and interest of A-10465773, Yung, Nee Shu. L. Bornstein; . the United States to certain real property in A-10465771, Ming, Wen Lyna Hsu. H. R . 6664. An act for the relief of Ray Prairie County, Ark.; to the Committee on A-7882493, Yung, Richard Chih Shin. mond R. Sanders Van Service; Agriculture and Forestry. E-084466, Chang, Ming Wah. H. R. 6961. An act for the relief of Walter H. R. 4986. An act for the relief of the A-7174560, Chen, Ming Li. H. Berry; widow and cliildren of John E. Donahue; to A-7274978, Chu, David Bao-Shan. H.J. Res.·339. Joint resolution to waive the Committee on Post Office and Civil A-10436781, Chu, Foong Nan. certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the Service. A-7141139, Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. also Immigration and Nationality Act in behalf known as Chung Yueh Hsu. of certain aliens; · A-7118843, Huang, Siu-Lien. H.J. Res. 367. Joint resolution to waive HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 0300-401127, Kai, Chan. certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the REFERRED A-9562508, Kwee, Wah Kia. Immigration and Nationality Act in behalf A-7837.182,Liu, Hsing Yueh (Fred). of certain aliens; The concurrent resolution Civilian personnel in executive branch Payroll (in thousands) in executive branch Total and major categories In May In April Increase(+) In April In March Increasi> (.+-) numbered- numbered- or decrease was- was- or decrease (-) (-) 1 2, 393, 292 2, 395, 764 -2,472 686 Total • ------$903, 746 $899, +$4,060 1~~~~~1~~~~~:1~~~~~1:~~~~~1~~~~-1~~~~- Agencies exclusive of Department of Defense------1, 232, 753 1, 230, 972 +1, 781 445, 799 455, 999 -10,200 Department of Defense._.------__ ----_--- ____ ----_-- __ _ l, 160, 539 l, 164, 792 -4,253 457, 947 443, 687 +14, 2fi0 1 ======1======1======1======1====~=1===~~ Inside continental United States.------ 2, 187, 795 2, 190,505 -2, 710 ------·· Outside continental United States------__ 205,497 205,259 +238 ------Industrial employment------l======l======l===~==l======l======I======~655, 194 656, 456 -1,262 ------··- Foreign nationals.------.----_ ------_------__ _ 269, 745 270, 219 -474 30, 139 27, 415 +2, 724 l Exclusive of foreign nationals shown in the last line of this summary. Table I, below, breaks down the above Table III breaks down the above employ ment figures to show the number in indus figures on employment and pay by agencies. ment figures to show the number outside trial-type activities by agencies. Table II breaks down the above employ. continental United States by agencies. Table V shows foreign nationals by agen ment figures to show the number inside con Table IV breaks down the above employ- cies not included in tables I, II, III, and IV. tinental United States by agencies. TABLE !.-Consolidated table of Federal_ perso??-nel ins!de and outs1'.de continent?-l United States employed by the e:recutive agencies during May 1957, and comparison with April 1957, and pay for Apnl 1957, and ·comparison with March 1957 Personnel Pay (in thousands) Department or agency May April Increase Decrease April March Increase Decrease ·------1-----t------1-----1-·-----1·----·1-·--·-·- ExecutiveAgriculture. departments ______(except Department of Defense): _ 87, 147 85, 417 1, 730 $29, 669 $27, 567 $2, 102 ------Commerce 1 ______------______------______--- ______-- ____ _ 49, 965 49, 305 660 21, 616 20, 824 792 ------InteriorHealth, ___Education, ----______and • ______Welfare ••• ------______51, 735 51, 607 128 22, 462 20, 803 1, 659 52, 409 51, 269 1, 140 20, 992 20.117 875 ------Justice••••• ------______~ ___ _ ------30, 231 30, 452 ------221 15, 156 14, 480 676 ------Labor. __ ------...... ------5, 974 5, 928 46 ------2, 777 2.607 170 Post Office ••• ~------• ------524, 807 524, 265 542 ------106. 366 2192, 736 ------585------$24~37ii State a_------___ .-----.. ------______----_ 33, 642 33, 568 74 ------12. 615 12, 030 ------Treasury_ •• ------82, 529 83, 857 ------1, 328 35, 487 33, 683 1,804 Executive Office of the President: ------White House Office .• ------_------386 389 ------3 232 222 10 ------Bureau of the BudgeL------447 444 3 ------301 286 15 Council of Economic Advisers.------ 30 30 22 21 1 Executive Mansion and Grounds------ 70 70 ------21 26 --·------5 Natlonal Securtty Council•------·------ 27 28 ------1 19 18 1 ------Office of Defense Mobilization ••. ------260 261 ------1 160 156 4 ------President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization______6 6 3 3 Independent agencirs: Advisory Committee on Weather ControL .------9 16 ------7 6 7 Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Commission ______9 11 7 6 ------i------American Battle Monuments Commission ______------2 f\37 618 19 ------95 89 6 ------ Atomic Energy Commission ______~------6, 724 6, 711 13 ------3,583 3,422 lfil ------Board of Governors of the Federal R eserve System ______583 583 310 293 Boston National Historic Sites Commission ______17 ------5 5 :::::::::::: ------3- 1 1 -----·-·-21· :::::::::::: Civil AeronauticsService Commission Board.------______------_ 594 597 346 325 4, 420 4, 410 10 ------2,020 1, 957 63 ------Comm.ission of Fine Arts------4 4 2 2 Corregidor Bataan Memorial Commission.------1 2 :::::::::::: ------1- 2 1 ------1- :::::::::::: District of Columbia Auditorium Commission ______18 18 1 1 187 186 ------i- :::::::::::: l.18 113 ------5- :::::::::::: Export-ImportFarm Credit Administration Bank of Washington·------______944 954 ------10 500 477 23 ------Federal Civil Defense Administration.------ 1, 193 1, 169 24 ------659 626 33 ------Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Review·------·· 7 7 3 3 Federal Communications Commission ______1, 180 l, 167 ------13· :::::::::::: 620 597 ------23· :::::::::::: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ______1, 135 1, 133 2 ------576 535 41 ------Federal Home Loan Bank Board·------ 729 725 4 ------356 334 22 ------334 332 238 228 RederalFederal PowerMediation Commission and Conciliation ______Servico •••• ------~----- _ 2 ------10 ------713 713 396 372 24 ------l<,ederal Trade Commission. ______------.------747 747 427 407 20 ------Foi·eign Claims Settlement Commission.------116 118 :::::::::::: ------2- 59 60 General Accounting Office ____ ------______-- 5,344 5,346 ------2 2, 553 2,428 ------i25" ------General Services Administration ____ ------_------27, 401 27, 463 ------62 10, 103 9, 583 520 ------Government Contract Committee------18 16 2 ------12 10 2 ------Government Printing Office. ______-----___ ------_ ------6,449 6,468 ------19 3,010 2,848 162 ------Housing and Home Finance AgencY------9,998 10, 018 ------20 4, 928 4,662 266 ------Indian Claims Commission. ______-----_------_.------14 14 11 11 Interstate Commerce Commission. ______: ____ ------2, 170 2, 159 ------ii" :::::::::::: 1,099 1,057 ------42· :::::::::::: J amestown-Williamsbw-g-Yorktown Celebration Commission ______-- 5 5 3 2 1 ------7, 722 7, 720 ------2- :::::::::::: 3,941 3, 751 190 ------252 251 97 94 ~:ng~:1National ~~~tii~~=r~~ig~i~~~~~~-~~i:~~~======Capital Planning Commission ______=_ 1 ------3 ------33 27 6 ------20 18 2 ------National Gallery of Art..------328 332 ------4 109 102 7 ------1\ational Labor Relations Board------·------1, 126 1, 128 ------3 650 618 32 ------1 May figure includes 415 seamen on the rolls of the Maritime Administt·ation and employees who are paid from foreign currencies deposited by foreign governments their pay. · in a trust fund for this purpose. The May figure includes 2,736 of these trust fund ~ Revised on baqfs of rater information. employees and the April figure includes 2,681. 1 May figure includes 11,275 amployees of the International Cooperation Adminls • Excludes personnel and pay of the Central Intelligence Agency. &raUon as compared with 11,141 in April and their pay. 'l'hese ICA figures include 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10865 TABLE !.-Consolidated table of Federal personnel inside and outside continental United States employed by the ed;ecutive agencies during May 1957, and comparison with April 1957, and pay for April 1957, and comparison with ]}[arch 1957-Continued Personnel Pay (in thousands) Department or agency ------,------1-----1------1-----1·-----1-----May April Increase Decrease April March Increase Decrease Independent Agencies-continued 110 110 National Mediation Board----·------·······--·------·-·10· :::::::::::: $90 $76 $14 ------National SecurityScience Foundation.------·------Training Com.mission ______300 290 153 153 5 5 2 2 Panama Cana) ______------____ • --_--- _. _. --_••• _____ • __ • ---- 141 14, 124 ------17" :::::::::::: ------14, 3, 589 3, 616 ------27 Railroad Retirement Board .•••••••• ------·------2, 361 2,395 ------34 964 913 383 414 51 ------Renegotiation Board. -- _____ ---• ------• ------31 271 263 8 ------St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation••••••••••••••••••••• 37 38 -----·------1 24 24 Securities and Exchange Commission •••••••••••• ·------·--·--·----- 782 789 ------7 441 418 -·--·····23- :::::::::::: 6, 963 6,994 Selective Service System ____ ------·· ------. --·-··-··· ------·- 1, 788 1, 703 85 ------Small Business Administration_.-····--··-·-·-----·-·----···-···--- 1, 111 1,074 ------·--37· ------~~- 587 538 784 772 49 ------Smithsonian Institution ••• ···········------···---.----·····- 12 ------298 284 14 ------Soldiers' Home •• ______------··-···---··----·--·----- 1,025 1,018 7 ------ 245 235 Subversive Activities Control Board---·------·------36 36 ------2- 26 26 10 ------Tariff Commission. ______-·---·_ ••• _--· __ --• -_••• -____ •••• - 213 215 126 120 ------6- :::::::::::: Tax Court l}f the United States------······--·-·------ 143 141 ------2------90 90 'l'ennessee Valley Authority __ ------·------15, 423 15, 345 78 ------7,208 6, 769 ------·-439- :::::::::::: Theodore Roosevelt Centennfa.1 Commi'!Sion ______8 6 3 2 2 ------1 ------United States Information AgenCY------···----.: ••••••••• 11, 916 11,887 29 ------3,382 3, 250 176, 195 132 ------Veterans' Administration ______-----___ .__ --- __ ------··--- 177, 246 ------1, 051 59, 751 56,896 2, 855 ------'Woodrow Wilson Centennial Celebration Commission••••••••••••••• 4 4 . 2 2 Total, excluding Department of Defense·------1, 232, 753 1, 230, 972 4, 627 2,846 445, 799 455, 999 14, 204 $24, 401 Net change, excluding Department of Defense ______------1,781 ------10,200 ==~=====i======i======ll======l======l======l======I======Department of Defense: Office of the Secretary of Defense_ •• ···---·------ 1, 690 1, 679 11 ------1, 054 991 63 Department of the Army __ ------·------ 428, 310 428, 015 295 ------164, 283 158, 511 5, 772 Dept\rtment of the NavY-----·------389,022 390,895 ---··------1, 873 162, 528 159, 056 3,472 Department of the Air Force-----········•··-·····-----·············- 341, 517 344, 203 ------2, 686 130, 082 125, 129 4,953 Total, Department of Defense •• ------·-----····------1, 160, 539 1, 164, 792 306 4, 559 457, 947 443, 687 14, 260 ------Net cliange, Department of Defense ••• ·------·-···------···-·------4, 253 ------14, 200 1 1 Grand total, including Department of Drfense------·····- 2, 393, 292 2, 395, 764 4, 93~. 1====7,=40=5=- =_=_=__ =:<>=_~=~=:~=~=-1ii= __=_=_ 8=-~=_.=_8!=_ G= __ = ===28=,=4G4==.L==2=4=, 40=4 Net change, including Department o! Defense ______------·------72 4 I I TABLE IL-Federal personnel inside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during May 1957, and comparison w1:th April 1957 Department or agency May April In- De- Department or agency May April In- De- crease crease crease crease --·------1------1------Executive departments (except Department of Independent agencies-continued Defense): . Housing and Home Finance Agency_----- 9,832 9, 849 17 Agriculttu·e ____ -·-··------85, 762 84, 046 1, 716 Indian Claims Commission ______14 14 Commerce 1_____ ----- ______45, 886 45, 501 385 Interstate Commerce Commission ______2, 170 2, 159 11 ------Health, Education, and Welfare ______49, 919 2 49, 828 91 Jamestown-Williamsburg-Yorktown Cel------ebration Commission ______Interior __ ------48, 191 46, 978 1, 213 -----227 5 5 ------Justice._------___ ------_------_:_ ----- 29, 690 29, 917 -----26- National Advisory Committee for Aero- ______.. _ Labor _____ ------_------5,838 5, 812 ------nautics ____ -----___ ------______------7, 722 7, 720 2 Post Office.----. __ ------522, 340 521, 792 548 -----ioa N atioual Capital Housing Authority ______252 251 1 --·----- State a------___ ------__ ------____ 8,499 8,602 National Capital Planning Commission __ _ 33 27 6 '.rreasury ______-- __ __ _------National Gallery of Art______328 332 81, 514 82, 845 1, 331 4 ~ Executive Office of the President: National Labor Relations Board ______1, 107 1, 110 3 White House Office ______386 389 3 National Mediation Board ______110 110 ------3- __ .,. _____ ------Bureau of the Budget______447 444 National Science Foundation ______300 290 10 ------Council of Economic Advisors __ ------30 30 ------National Security Training Commission __ 5 ,5 -----·------Executive l\1ansion and Grounds ______70 70 ------i Panama Canal ______------~------406 397 9 National Security Council•------27 28 Railroad Retirement Board.------ 2, 361 2, 395 34 Office of Defense Mobilization ______260 261 1 Renegotiation Board .. ------ 383 414 31 President's Advisory Committee on Gov- St.poration Lawrence ______Seaway Development Cor- • __ ernment Organization------6 6 37 38 1 fudependent agencies: ------Securities and Exchange Commission ____ . 782 789 7 Advisory Committee on Weather Control. 9 16 7 Selective Service System .. ~------.: ___ _ 6, 770 6,802 32 Small Business Administration ______1, 101 1,064 Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Com- 37 ...... ______------mission ______------9 11 2 Smithsonian Institution ______------__ 782 770 12 American Battle Monuments Commission. 19 18 1 Soldiers' Home ______------_------1,025 1, 018 7 Atomic Energy Commission ______6, 704 6,692 12 ------Subversive Activities Control Board ______36 36 ...... _ ------...... Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve ------Tariff Commission __ ------~ 213 215 System ______-- 583 583 Tax Court of the United States ______143 141 2 Boston National Historic Sites Commis------Tennessee Valley Authority ______15, 423 lli, 345 78 sion ______------·------_ 5 5 Theodoresion ______Roosevelt Centennial Commis- _ Civil Aeronautics Board __ .------590 593 ------3 .8 6 2 Civil Service Commission ______4, 405 4,394 11 United States Information Agency ______2, 774 2, 756 18 Commission of Fine Arts ______: ______4 4 ------Veterans' Administration._------ 174, 957 _175, 997 1,040 Corregidor-Bataan Memorial Commission. 1 2 ------1 ·woodrow ·wnson Centennial Celebration District of Columbia Auditorium Com- Commission ______.----______• ___ _ ------mission ______--_ 18 18 ------Export-Import Bank of Washington______187 186 ------i------Total, excluding Department of Defense. 1, 166, 579 1, i65, 274 4, 250 2, 945 Farm Credit Administration ______934 945 ------ii Net increase, excluding Department of Federal Civil Defense Administration _____ l, 193 1, 169 -----24- Defense ______------· 1,305 Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Re------===!= view __ ------7 7 Department of Defense: Federal Communications Commission _____ -----ff ------Office of the Secretary of Defense ______1, 6415 l, f133 1, 154 1, 140 De"partment of the Army ______12 ------Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation •• _ 1, 133 1, 1.'11 2 365, 197 364, 662 535 ------Federal Home Loan Bank Board ______729 725 4 Depmtment of the Navy ______355, 880 357, 630 1, 750 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Serv- Department of the Air Force ______298, 494 301.306 2, 812 ice ______------.------. ___ 334 332 2 Federal Power Commission ______713 713 ------Total, Department of Defense ______1, 021, 216 1, 025, 131 547 4, 562 Federal Trade Commission ______747 747 ------2 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission ___ 116 118 ------· ::~ddec~:::~· ~:;:;::e~eo:;::::-~~------= ------4. 0~ = General Accounting Office ______5, 269 5, 272 3 General Services Administration_------27, 301 27, 361 00 Defense ______2, 187,_795 2, 100, 505 4, 797 7, 507 Government Contract Committee ______18 16 ---·--2- Net decrease, including Deparrnent of Government Printing Office ______6,449 .. 6, 468 ------i9 1 Defense.------·------·------·----- 2, r10 1 M:i.y figure includes 415 se:i.men on the rolls or the Maritime ..Administration. a May figure includes 1,731 employees of the International Cooperation Adminis 2 Revised on basis of later information. tration as compared with l,744 in April. f Exclusive of personnel of tbe Central Intelligence Agency. 10866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 3 TABLE !IL-Federal personnel outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies d'uring May 1957, and com,parison with April 1957 Department or agency May April In- De- Department or agency May April In- De- crease crease crease crease Executive departments (except Department Independent agencies-continued of Defense): Selective Service System ______193 192 Agriculture _____ ---• ------1,385 1,371 14 Small Busines Administration ______IO 10 Commerce._------4,079 3,804 275 Smithsonian Institution ______2 2 Health, Education, and Welfare ______1, 8J6 11, 779 37 United States Information Agency ______9,142 9,131 11 ------Interior __ ------_------______------4,218 4, 291 ------73 Veterans' Administration __ ------1,238 1,249 11 :Tustice. ------___ ------__ ------__ _ 541 535 6 ------Labor ____ ------_------136 116 20 ------Total, excluding Department of Defense_ 66, 174 65, 698 573 97 Post Office_------2,467 2,473 6 Net increase, excluding Department of State '------_---- ______-----_----- 25, 143 24, 966 177 Defense_------476 Treasury ______------_ 1,015 1,012 3 Independent agencies: Department of Defense: American Battle Monuments Commission. 618 600 18 Office of the Secretary of Defense ______45 46 ------1 Atomic Energy Commission ______20 19 1 Department of the Army ______------63, 113 63, 353 ------240 Civil Aeronautics Board ______4 4 Department of tlle Navy ______33, 142 Department of the Air Force ______33, 265 ------123 Civil Service Commission ______15 16 ------1 43,023 42, 897 126 ------Farm Credit Administration ______10 9 1 ------Federal Communications Commission ___ _ 26 27 1 Total, Department of Defense______139, 323 139, 561 126 36! Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation __ _ 2 2 General Accounting Office ______75 74 1 ------:::nd;c:::::.· ~:~:~:e:e:a~t:ee:;-o~------2318 General Services Administration ______100 102 2 Housing and Home Finance Agency ______166 169 3 Defense______205, 497 205, 259 699 461 National Labor Relations Board ______18 18 Net increase, including Department of Panama Canal. ___ ------13, 735 13, 727 8 ------Defense------238 I 1 Revised on basis o' later information. are paid from foreign currencies deposited by foreign governments in a trust fund for 2 May figure includes 9,544 employees of the International Cooperation Adminis th:s purpose. The May figure inc1udes 2,736 of these trust fund emp·oyees and the tration as compared with 9,397 in April. These IOA figures include employees who April figure includes 2,681. TABLE IV.-Industrial employees <>f the Federal Government inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during May 1957, and comparison with April 1957 Department or agency May April In- De- Department or agency May I April In- De- crease crease crease crease --·------1-----1-----1------Executive departments (except Department Department of Defense: - of Defense): Department of the Army: Agriculture------3,220 3, 162 58 ------Inside oontinental United States ______l 181, 000 2 180, &72 428 ------Commerce. ______---_----- _--- __ 2, 729 2, 716 13 ------Outside continental United States ____ _ I 23, 800 2 23, 881 81 Interior ___ ------7, 876 8, 200 324 Department of the Navy: Treasury ____ ----______------__ ------6, 583 5, 619 36 Inside continental United States ______218, 759 219, 657 898 Independent agencies: Outside continental United States ____ _ 5, 886 5, 958 72 Atomic Energy Commission ______14& HG Department of too Air Foree.: Federal Communications Commission ___ _ 41 Inside continental United States ______164, 437 164, 818 381 General Services Administration ______1,095 J, o:~ ------6- :::::::: Outside continental United States ____ _ 6, 612 6, 651 39 Government Printing Office ______6,449 6, 468 19 National Adviso.ry Committee for Aero- Total, Dupartment of Defense______600, 494 601,537 428 l, 471 nautics ______------_------7, 722 7, 720 2 ------Net decrease, Department of De- Panama Canal ______------______7, 278 7, 254 24 ------ense ______------1,043 Tennessee Valley AuthoritY------12, 589 12, 531 58 ------Grand total, including Department = = of Defense______655, 194 656, 456 =1=589 1, 851 Total, excluding Department of Defense_ 54, 700 54, 919 lGl 380 Net decrease, excluding Department of Net decrease, including D6partment Defense------219 of Defense------~------1,262 ===1= I 1 Subject to revision. 2 Revised on basis of later information. TABLE V.-:Foreign nationals working under U1dted Stat~s agencies overseas, _excluded from tables I through IV of this report, whose services are provided by contractual agreement between the United States and foreign gooernments, or because of the nature of their work or the 80urce of funds from which they are paid, as o.f May 1957 and comparison with April 1957 Total Army Navy Air Force Country May April May April May April May April Belgium _____ ------___ _._------_--- 6 6 6 6 Denmark ______------___ ------1 1 l 1 England------7, 149 7, 221 ------37------37· 7, 112 7, 184 France------25, 163 25, 592 ---·---i7;678------i7;873- 7,485 7, 719 French M01·occo------'------5, 705 5, 791 156 156 Germany ______98, 307 98, 234 82, 321 82, 127 ------957-421 ------95(}-565 4,592 4 685 15 565 15: 542 !Japan...------127, 806 127, 839 66, 603 166, 245 19, 172 19, 252 42: 031 42, 342 Korea------4, 881 4, 804 4, 881 4, 804 Malta_------116 115 ------···----ii6------115- :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: Netherlands------41 42 ------41 42 NorwaY------23 24 ------_ 23 24 Trinidad------·------·------547 550 ------=-= ------·-547· ------500------1~~~~-1-~~~-1-~~~-1~~~-l~~~~-l-~~~-~~~~-I-~~~~ Tot!lL •••• ------·------269, 745 270, 219 171, 639 171, 205 21, 250 21,469 76,856 77, 545 1 Revised on the basis of later information. 'l'he Frencl1 and English reported by the Army and Air Force are paid from funds appropriated for personal services. All others are paid from funds appropriated for NoTE.-The Germans are paid from funds provided by Gl'rman Governments. other contractual services. STATEMENT BY SENATOR BYRD Inside continental United States civilian EMPLOYEES Month Employment Incrnase Decrease employment decreased 2,710 and outside con tinental United States civilian employment Executive agencies of the Federal Govern July______ment reported regular civilian employment 2, 398, 673 14, 250 increased 238. Industrial employment by the August.------2, 400, 493 1,820 in the month of May totaling 2,393,292. This September ______2, 388,854 Federal agencies in May- totaled 655,194, a was a net decrease of 2,472 as compared with ------11, 639 NovemberOctober __ ------______2, 396, 163 7, 309 ------decrease of 1.262. employment reported in the preceding 2, 394,324 1, 839 December __ ------2, 389, 788 4, 536 Civilian agencies month of April. January 1957 ______2, 387,015 February ______------2, 773 Total civilian employment in civilian agen Civilian employment reported by the ex March ______2, 390, 517 3, 502 ------ecutive agencies of the Federal Government, 2, 392, 987 2, 470 ------cies during the month of May was 1,232,753, 2,395, 764 2. 777 ------by months in fl.seal year 1957, which began tfa~_-:::::::::::::: 2,393, 292 2, 472 an increase of 1,781, as compared with the July l, 1956, follow~ April total of 1,230,97~. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10867 Civilian agencies reporting the major in BILLS INTRODUCED tional pastime, which fosters the highest creases were Agriculture Department, with ideals of sportsmanship and fair play, 1,730; Interior Department, with 1,140; De Bills were introduced, read the first partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, time, and, by unanimous consent, the and the competitive spirit. New York is with 660; and Post Office Department, with second time, and referred as follows: proud to call itself the home of baseball 542. The increases in the Departments of By Mr. BRICKER: and the Baseball Hall of Fame, and this Agriculture and Interior were largely sea S. 2463. A bill for the relief of Richard M. is a deserving memorial. I could think of sonal. Major decreases were reported by the Taylor and Lydia Taylor; and no better day to do this than the day be Treasury Department, with 1,328, and the s. 2464. A bill for the relief of Hope Whang fore the Fourth of July. Veterans' Administration, with 1,051. (Hope Whang Faust) and Arden Whang The VICE PRESIDENT. 'The concur Military agencies (Arden Whang Faust); to the Committee on rent resolution will be received and ap Total civillan employment in the military the Judiciary. propriately referred. agencies in May was 1,160,539, a decrease of By Mr. MURRAY: The concurrent resolution (S. Con. 4,253, as compared with 1,164,792 in April. . s. 2465. A bill to stimulate the investment of venture capital in the production of stra Res. 37) favoring Congressional recogni In the Department of Defense decreases in tion of the Baseball Hall of Fame, located civilian employment were reported by the tegic and critical metals or minerals; to the Dep.artment of the Air Force, with 2,686, and Committee on Finance. at Cooperstown, N. Y., submitted by Mr. the Department of the Navy, with 1,873. The By Mr. MURRAY (for himself, Mr. JAVITS (for himself and Mr. IvEs), was Department of the Army reported an increase NEUBERGER, Mr. HUMPHREY, Mr. referred to the Committee on Rules and of 295. SCOTT, and Mr. MORSE): Administration, as follows: s. 2466. A bill to repeal the Sustained These figures are from reports certified by Whereas baseball is universally recognized the agencies as compiled by the Joint Com Yield Act of March 29, 1944 (58 Stat. 132), and for other purposes; to the Committee as the American national sport, a sport that mittee on Reduction of Nonessential Federal in the more than 100 years of its existence Expenditures. on Agriculture and Forestry. (See the remarks of Mr. MURRAY when he has captured the imagination and zeal of FOREIGN NATIONALS introduced the above bill, which appear un most of our youth and has spread to other The total of 2,393,292 civilian employees der a separate heading.) lands; and certified to the committee by executive agen By Mr. CASE of South Dakota (for Whereas millions of Americans have par cies in their regular monthly personnel himself and Mr. MUNDT): ticipated either as players or spectators in countless school, college, community, or pro reports includes some foreign nationals ~D?-"' s. 2467. A bill to authorize the Adminis ployed in United States Government activi trator of Veterans' Affairs to negotiate a new fessional leagues since Abner Doubleday ties abroad, but in addition to these there contract with the city of Sturgis, S. Dak., conceived the first game of town ball in 1839 were 269,745 foreign nationals working for with respect to the use of the sewage facili in Cooperstown, N. Y.; and United States military agencies during May ties of such city by the Fort Meade Veterans' Whereas modern American baseball teams who were not counted in the usual personnel Hospital, Sturgis, S. Dak.; to the Committee · have achieved wide acclaim in exhibition report. The number in April was 270,219. on Labor and Public Welfare. tours in foreign lands and have been gen A breakdown of this employment for May By Mr. BUTLER: erally accepted as among our finest good-will follows: S. 2468. A bill to amend section 2410 of ambassadors abroad; and title 28, United States Code, with respect to Whereas baseball epitomizes our highest ideals of sportsmanship and fair play; and Country Total Army Navy Ail" the sale of real or personal property upon Force which the United States has a lien; to the Whereas there was established in 1938 at ------·1------Cooperstown, near the site of the first game, Belgium______6 ·------~ Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DOUGLAS: the Baseball Hall of Fame; and 7, ------37- 7, 112 ~~~~d.~::::::::::= 14~ S. 2469. A bill for the relief of Dr. Brant Whereas the Baseball Hall of Fame is the France______25o",7l(i035 17, ~~ 957 ~'. ~gg shrine of the game's immortals whose ex French Morocco____ , Bonner; to the Commitete on the J~diciary. Germany______98, 307 82, 321 421 15, 565 By Mr. SALTONSTALL: ploits are there preserved for the inspiration !Tapan______127, 806 66, 603 19, 172 42, 031 S. 2470. A bill for the relief of William L. of future generations: Therefore, be it Korea______4, 881 4, 881 ------Morris; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep Malta______116 116 ------resentatives concurring), That the Congress Netherlands __ ------41 ------41 By Mr. COOPER: Norway______23 ------23 S. 2471. A bill to amend Veterans' Regula hereby recognizes the Baseball Hall of Fame 'l'rinidad ______~ ___ ~ =-=.: tion No. 10 to provide that the term "child" at Cooperstown, N. Y., as a memorial to indi viduals who have made outstanding contri TotaL______269, 745 171, 639 21, 250 76, 856 shall include a child of a veteran who is a member of the veteran's household and who bution·s to the sport of baseball and as a becomes permanently incapable of self-sup fitting and valuable institution for the col PAYROLL lection and preservation of famous tokens The regular monthly Federal civilian pay port; to the Committee on Finance. . 2472. A bill for the relief of Michael and other evidences and data relating to our roll in April totaled $903,746,000. United s. Parvaresh; to the Committee on the Judi national game. states pay for foreign nationals working un ciary. der Federal agencies abroad totaled $2?,- By Mr. CARROLL: 562,000. The total April payroll for agencies WAIVER OF PRIMARY RIGHT TO of the executive branch of the Federal Gov s. 2473. A bill for the relief of Charlene Nalani Franklin (Joo Bok Ja); to the Com- ernment, $924,308,000. JURISDICTION OVER MEMBERS mittee on the Judiciary. · OF ARMED FORCES UNDER These figures for the month were certified By Mr. BYRD (for himself and Mr. by executive agencies to the Joint Commit ROBERTSON): STATUS OF FORCES TREATY tee on Reduction of Nonessential Federal s. 2474. A bill directing the Secretary of Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I Expenditures. Payroll figures are on an the Navy to convey certain land situated in actual basis and necessarily lag 1 month be submit for appropriate reference, a con the State of Virginia to the Board of Super current resolution to advise the officials hind the personnel count. visors of York County, Va.; to the Commit Payroll for the first 10 months of fiscal tee on Armed Services. of the executive branch who deal with year 1957, including United States funds for By Mr. CHAVEZ: our status of forces treaties and agree- foreign nationals not on regular rolls, to S. 2475. A bill for the relief of Ma Bong . ments that the Congress does not ap taled $9.3 billion. This was a monthly aver Ching; to the Committee on the Judiciary. prove of the United States waiving the age of $933 million, since fiscal year 1957 primary right to jurisdiction, when the started July 1, 1956. . right to jurisdiction is held by the United These payroll figures by months follow: CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS States, with reference to any member of [In millions) RECOGNITION OF BASEBALL HALL our Armed Forces serving overseas. Foreign OF FAME Article VII of the Status of Forces nationals not Treaty, which was ratified by the Senate Month Regular on regular Total Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf payrolls rolls, United of myself and the senior Senator from on July 15, 1953, contains the definitions States funds of jurisdiction. Section 3 (a) (ii) con July ______New York [Mr. IVEsJ, I submit a concur- $907 $17 $923 1·ent resolution providing for the recog tains the pertinent part of the treaty August __ ------950 17 967 nition by Congress of the Baseball Hall for the purpose of this resolution. It September_------846 17 863 reads as follows: October __ ------947 17 964 of Fame at Cooperstown, N. Y. I under November ______931 17 948 (a) The military authorities of the send• 933 stand an identical resolution is being JanDecember------uary 1957 ______18 951 submitted in the House of Representa 1ng state shall have the primary right to February______990 17 1,006 exercise jurisdiction over a member of a 848 16 864 tives by Representative BERNARD W. March;__ ------900 19 919 force * • * in relation to- A prlL------904 21 924 KEARNEY, of Lake Pleasant, N. Y. (ii) offenses arising out of any act or The Baseball Hall of Fame is a nation omission done in the performance of official Total, IO months __ 9, 155 176 9,330 al institute of a game which is our na- duty. 10868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 3 The material I have just quoted from report of the Commission on Go.vern out the provisions of the Status of Forces the status of forces treaties specifies ment Security, and I ask unammous Agreement, and administrative ag~ee that the United States, in sending me~ consent for its present consideration. ments of a similar nature entered mto bers of the Armed Forces to c~untr1es The VICE PRESIDENT. The con between the United States and foreign where the status of forces treaties pr~ current resolution will be read for the governments. . . vail, shall have authority-or th~ pri information of the Senate. Because of the interpretat10n bemg mary right--to try our men for _crrmmal The concurrent resolution (S. Con. given to the provisions of these agree acts committed in those countries when Res. 39) was read as follows: ments, and the manner in which they such acts are committed in the perform Resolved by the Senate (the House of are being carried out, proposals have ance of official duty. R epresentatives concurring}, That there been made by Members of this body de However, part Cc) of section 3 of the shall be p rinted as a Senate document .the signed to abrogate, rescind, or modify Eame article provides that- Report of the Commission on Government them. Security, submitted to the Congress June 21, The precedent established · in the The authorities of the state having the 1957, pursuant to Public Law 304 of the 84th primary right shall give sympathetic ~o.n Girard case has focused considerable Congress, as amended; and tha:t there s~all sideration to a request from the au~hor~ties be printed 5,000 additional copies, of which attention. and concern on this problem. of the other state for a waiver of its ~ i ght 2 500 shall be for the use of the Senate and It is a precedent which is not only vitB-lly in cases where that ot her state considers 2'.soo :for the use of the House. important to more than a million Amer such waiver to be of particular importance. ican Armed Forces personnel who are That is the point which concerns me. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there presently stationed in foreign countries, The best illustration of what c:an happen objection to the present consideration but a precedent of equal importance to when the United States waives the pri of the concurrent resolution? millions of others in the armed services mary right to jurisdiction over a member Mr'. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, who might be called upon to perform of our Armed Forces is the Girard case, this matter was cleared with the minor duty in a foreign country. It is a prece ity leader, the Senator from California, dent which also affects to an equal de which is now pending before the Su and it was brought to our attention by preme Court. I anticipate that•. under gree of importance millions of the youth the waiver provision, the Court will per the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. STEN of this Nation who will in the future be mit Girard to be turned over to the NIS]. :Because of the widespread pub called upon to perform military duty. Japanese for trial. lic interest in the report of the Commis Widespread and deep-rooted concern is When this country sends fighting men sion on Government Security, the sup therefore justified. overseas, the least we can do is to pro- · ply of which has been depleted, it is We know that the United States Dis tect the best interests of the men by pro felt that additional copies are needed. trict· Court for the District of Columbia viding them trial by courts-martial for Because implementation of the legisla has enjoined the Government from turn acts done when they a1·e on duty. When tive recommendations is. important busi ing Private Girard over to Japanese our officials waive the right actually held ness now in both Houses of Congress, courts for trial. This decision was under the treaties to provide our men the Senator from Mississippi brought to predicated on the fact that to do so. with such protection, I believe the Con our attention the concurrent resolution would violate the ·protection given him gress should talrn action to remedy the before us, for the printing of 5,000 copies of this report as a Senate document, under the Constitution of the United situation. States. The case is now on appeal be This concurrent resolution would make 2,500 to be available for the use of the fore the Supreme Court of the United clear to the executive branch that the House and 2,500 to be available for the use of the Senate. States, an·d a decision will undoubtedly Congress expects all of its officials to be made within the next few weeks. All exercise jurisdiction over our Armed The staff of the Committee on Rules and Administration advises me that the of us, I am sure, are anxiously awaiting Forces, when a right to su~h jurisdic the decision of the Supreme Court. tion is held under the treaties. Government Printing Office's estimate of the cost of this printing is $3,960.05. My position on the Status of Forces Mr. President, I hope that early action Agreement is clear. I voted against can be taken on this resolution. I urge the adoption of the concurrent rernlution. Senate ratification of the agreement. It The VICE PRESIDENT. The concur is not my purpose at this time to en rent resolution will be received and ap The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques gage in recrimination or argumentation propriately referred. tion is on agreement to the concurrent resolution. as to the wisdom of the Status of Forces The concurrent ·resolution r 1957, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10873 fellow sponsors· of civil ... rights legisla .. be or were being taken to limit experimental it still exists over large metropolitan areas. tion; for I am not authorized to speak flying over the heavy-populated sections of Our Los Angeles CAA office has held several this portion of southern California. Despite meetings with factory and military command for them. such assurances, they continue to be alarmed representatives, as well as with city officials, As one of the Senators from Oregon, and on occasions made the victims of prop in an effort to put a stop to this annoying which was the first State ever to adopt erty damage by aircraft which apparently set phenomenon, but so far they have only been the initiative and referendum, I am par up strong shock waves by flying at sonic able to improve it. We have explained to ticularly in favor of the proposal of the speeds. In my estimation, property owners, the citizens and the Congressmen the dif distinguished Senator from Georgia. residents, and others in the cities and towns ficulties in determining the precise aircraft Incidentally, Mr. President, it is signifi where such blasts have been experienced are that have repeatedly caused damage. How thoroughly justified in showing apprehension ever, as might be expected, a person who has cant that our fine Southern States, which and in demanding more drastic action to re suffered actual property damage or frighten now urge a referendum on civil rights, strain pilots and limit aircraft which are ing annoyance is not satisfied with anything have not seen fit to put into effect at capable of producing such effects as broken but controlling action. their own State levels the initiative and windows and cracked plaster. I am writing this letter to you because the referendum machinery which Oregon I do not know exactly what course might only aircraft in use today in the United first adopted over half a century ago, be followed to solve this problem. But I am States capable of causing sonic blasts are back in 1902. convinced that the exercise of regulatory and operated by the ·various military services. As police powers delegated to the Civil Aero far as we can determine, there has been no nautics Administration is warranted to safe incident of this sort that involved an actual SONIC BLASTS guard the civilian population residing and violation of any of the civil air regulations, working in these areas. I earnestly hope that which makes it difficult for us to take any Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, my office the CAA can find a means of giving a greater positive action. I would appreciate, and I has received a considerable number of sense of security to these people and of am sure the citizens affected will also ap complaints alleging damage, fright, and bringing quickly to an end the disturbances preciate, any action you can take to call the discomfort by reason of the activity of which from time to time have caused real attention of the various military commands fright as well as considerable discomfort to this problem, urging them to do every supersonic military airc1:aft in southern thing in their power to correct it. California as they pass the so-called and disturbance. I am grateful for your letter of May 8, in I am enclosing a copy of a recent letter sound barrier. we can an · remember which you express confidence that "much from Senator KUCHEL, of California which the tragedy that occurred in the south progress has been made toward solving this outlines rather well the feelings of his con ern part of my State a number of weeks prqblem." At the same time, I must share stituents in the Los Angeles area. ago at the community of Pacoima, where, the feeling of residents of the Los Angeles Sincerely yours, by reason of a collision in the skies above area that recent experiences offer little reason ------. that area, many schoolchildren were for confidence that there will be "continued Secretary of Commerce. killed and maimed by the falling wreck improvement toward eliminating the inad vertent sonic blast" through the measures Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, I am age of colliding planes. so far taken. · grateful to the Department of Commerce This question of supersonic military I am taking the liberty of sending a copy for recognizing the problem involved and aircraft, Mr. President, creating what is of this communication to the Secretary of for urging the Defense Department, by called a sonic boom, presents a danger the Air Force in the hope it will prompt that regulation and otherwise, to give civil·• ous problem to populous areas over branch of the armed services to consider ians protection from the activities of air which military aircraft are conducting again the possibility of taking action to sup craft in this supersonic age, when, by ftight operations. plement any further efiorts the CAA may reason of passing the sound barrier, peo initiate. The Los Angeles City Council on two With kind regards, ple in homes suffer various kinds of ·occasions has adopted resolutions asking Sincerely, damages, discomfort, and fright. the Federal Government, and particu THOMAS H. KUCHEL, larly the Military Establishment, to elim United States Senator. inate this continuing hazard. I have THE HELLS CANYON DAM engaged in a number of conferenc es, and THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, the I have reduced to writing the views I Washington, D. C. Washington Post and Times Herald this have upon the subject. I ask unanimous The honorable the SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, morning · carried an editorial comment consent that a copy of the letter which Washington, D. C. ing on the action of a subcommittee of I recently wrote to the Civil Aeronautics DEAR MR. SECRETARY: During the past 6 the House Committee on Interior and Administration and a copy of the letter months, there has been a sharp increase in Insular Affairs yesterday which was ad-. which the Secretary of Commerce wrote the number of complaints received by the verse to the proposed high Hells Canyon to the Secretary of Defense, by reason Civil Aeronautics Administration of this De Dam. partment from citizens and Members of of my comments, be incorporated in my Congress about the noise of so-called sonic Foes of the dam have said this sub remarks at this point. . blasts and actual property damage claimed. committee action kills the high dam as There being no objection, .the letters The majority of these complaints so far "dead as a dodo bird." were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, have been coming from the greater Los An The Washington Post comments that as follows: geles metropolitan area, but we have received if that is true "it will rise from its ashes JUNE 7, 1957. others from the east coast and the Middle and plague the Republicans who killed Mr. WILLIAM B. DAVIS, West. It would seem that this problem is it." · Deputy Administrator, Civil Aerp on the increase with the placing-of more and Mr. President, it will rise from its ·nautics Administration, Department more supersonic aircraft in military tactical ashes to haunt and plague not only the of Commerce, Washington, D. C. squadrons. As you would expect, the iden DEAR MR. DAVIS: As I explained during our tification of aircraft causing the blasts has power trust's subservient political party, telephone conversation yesterday, the repeti so far been impossible because of the alti it will rise from its ashes to plague the tion of so-called sonic blasts in the Los tude and speed of the operation. power trust, and the great eastern finan Angeles metropolitan area and in suburban These sonic blasts are caused by highly cial institutions who manipulate it, as communities has become a problem of grave compressed shock waves of air coming off well. proportions and no little significance. the aircraft's leading and trailing wing edges There is a tremendous waste of re I am gratified to learn that the Civil Aero when the speed of sound is exceeded. It is source potential involved in construction nautics Administration is cognizant of the very difficult for the engineers to predict of three little runt dams instead of giant feeling of residents of the area where such exactly how or in what maneuvering position blasts have occurred. At the same time, I the aircraft must be for the shock waves to Hells Canyon Dam in the Snake River feel strongly that more vigorous steps must reach the ground. It can happen in level Canyon. Half the power potential will be taken to prevent recurrences of such in flight under certain air conditions, but it is be lost. Millions of acre-feet .of ftood stances as those which have prompted the their belief that such shock waves usually control storage capacity will be lost. Los Angeles City Council on two occasions reach the ground when the aircraft is in a Economic development in the West will to adopt resolutions calling upon appropri diving attitude. be retarded by the waste of low-cost ate authorities to impose and enforce strin We have determined that many military power potential. Human lives may be gent restrictions against the type of fiying commands have designated a specific area for which results in such blasts. the practice of ·maneuvers at supersonic the price of wasted fiood control possi The people of the Los Angeles metropoli speeds that would most likely cause sonic bilities. tan area have been assured on a number of blasts to reach the. earth. This, of course, These losses, and these ultimate costs, occasions that _ regulatory measures would has_done .much to alleviate the problem, but are the price the Nation will have to pay 10874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE July 3 to satiate the greedy appetite of the fairs in the Senate. It has been pigeon pass such a. resolution. He was sup power trust and the great eastern finan holed for 5 months. ported by a bipartisan coalition of 34 cial institutions who are the largest Hardly a day goes by, Mr. President, Senators. But nothing came of their stockholders in the operating companies. that I do not receive complaints from efforts. Later, in 1953, Senator Ferguson It is too great a price to pay, and one men and women who have served in the made another try. And last year the day the American people will retire from United States Armed Forces. As indi Senator from Oregon [Mr. MORSE] and office-as the Western States have re viduals and through their veterans' or the Senator from Idaho [Mr. DwoRSHAK] tired from office-all those officials who ganizations, they are seriously question submitted i·esolutions similar to my have backed such a giveaway, and again ing this state of affairs. own. deal with the excessive greed of these Pigeonholing, of course, is an old tech Today there are 22 million veterans in private interests as it had to do in the nique. It has been applied to a suc the United States. Together with their Insull days. cession of previous resolutions for a Vet dependents, they represent almost half It is my hope that the full House erans' Affairs Committee. First, the the population of the United States. Committee on Interior and Insular Af resolutions are permitted to gather dust, Surely the most fitting way the United fairs will reverse the action of its sub then they take on the musty odor of States Senate could observe Independ committee and report the Hells Canyon old paper. By now, I should think, the ence Day, 1957, would be to establish bill to the House for passage. It is my document files of the Committee on Rules a committee empowered to give proper hope that there will be some sober sec and Administration would smell like a attention to veterans' matters. ond thoughts about high Hells Canyon morgue, for there lie the moldering We owe these patriotic men and wom and the excessive price the Nation will corpses of resolutions providing for a en undivided and full consideration of have to pay if it is not built. Veterans' Affairs Committee. their special problems. This demands Mr. President, I ask unanimous con Mr. President, tomorrow is the Fourth top priority. It is my understanding sent to have the Washington Post edi of July. It is the day on which this Na that this proposal has the support of torial printed at this point in the RECORD. tion will pay tribute to the spirit of free the American Legion, Veterans of For There being no objection, the editorial dom embodied in the Declaration of In eign Wars, AMVETS, and Disabled was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, dependence. Almost two centuries ago American Veterans. I shall continue to as follows: a small band of brave men met to sign work with these groups to make a Senate OVER THE DAM their names to a document which was to veterans committee a reality. The Hells Canyon Dam project may be, as become the rock upon which our Nation The interests of this group probably Representative SAYLOR put it yesterday, as has built a shining edifice of freedom. are more specialized than any other one dead as the dodo bird; but we are inclined Tomorrow many of us will return to segment of the American people. And to think that, like the phoenix, it will rise our own States to make Independence from its ashes to haunt and plague the Re yet their affairs continue to be tossed publicans who killed it. The death of this Day speeches. Every word of the Decla into the overloaded hamper of two com project means that the choicest undeveloped ration of Independence will be recalled mittees, Finance and Labor and Public dam site on the North American Continent with emotion. I should like to read one Welfare, which right now have enough will go to waste. It means that the North ·sentence from that historic document work for half a dozen committees. west region of the United States will not get today: the full power potential it needs for the The standing committee I propose And for the support of this declaration, would consider proposed legislation cov realization of its industrial capacities. It with a firm reliance on the protection of means that the Snake River will not be har divine providence, we mutually pledge to ering pensions, life insurance, compen nessed and developed as wisely as prudent each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sation, vocational rehabilitation, educa engineering would permit in terms of irriga sacred honor. tion, veterans' hospitals, medical care, tion, fiood control, and power potentialities. civil relief, and readjustment of service This may be a victory for private power over ''We pledge our lives," the Founding men to civil life, housing, and all other public power. But it is a defeat for sound Fathers said. Mr. President, of our mil matters relating to veterans. development of the Nation's natural re lions of men and women, which group of sources. If it were true in 1946 that the Finance Americans has been called upon to ful Committee carried a tremendous burden, Of course the real mischief was done when fill this great pledge? Which group has previous Congresses rejected this project long it is 12 times truer today. Our growing before any license had been issued for con gone into the valley of the shadow for population is adding to their burden struction of the Idaho Power Co.'s lesser the principles of the Declaration of In every day and veterans' affairs have dams. Some members of the House subcom dependence? piled up. According to my mail, our war mittee which rejected the Senate-passed bill The American veteran has done so. veterans are becomlng more and more may have concluded that, after large sums It is in his behalf that I speak today. have been spent on the private dams, it was disillusioned with the Senate. Where do He is being short-changed. they channel their inquiries? Not to the too late for Congress to change its mind. The A Senate veterans committee was first outcome ought to be a reminder to Congress Senate of the United States, but to the that, though opportunity may knock more proposed in 1946. At that time the joint House of Representatives. This single than once, it does not necessarily keep committee on the reorganization of Con fact should shame the Senate into action. pounding on the door fo~ever. gress made provision for a veterans af These men and women who have served fairs committee in the Senate. It was their Nation in time of war, Mr. Presi stricken from the final bill, however, dent, avoid the Senate. They go to the PROPOSED SENATE COMMITTEE ON because the two-committee limitation would have deprived the new group of House of Representatives because that VETERANS' AFFAIRS the long experience in veterans' affairs body had the wisdom to organize a com Mr. POTTER. Mr. President, the possessed by Finance Committee mem mittee specially designated to handle United States Senate has sometimes·been bers, who then held exclusive jurisdic veterans' affairs. called the cave of the winds because of tion in these matters. Former senator The veterans are not asking for back a certain amount of talk that swirls about La Follette observed at the time that a stairs influence. in this Chamber. veterans committee would become a They are not asking anyone to pull Today I shall add a few metaphors of necessity in the near future, if only to strings. my own to those deliberative breezes. relieve the Finance Committee of an They do not want any more stalls or If the metaphors are jagged and scrape overwhelming burden. flimsy stories about veterans' affairs the shins of certain distinguished Mem Shortly afterward, responsibility for already receiving adequate treatment in bers, they should remember that this is handling veterans' problems was divided the Senate, or letters dishing them para done as a last resort. I have tried every between the Finance Committee and the graphs of gobbledygook. thing else to get action on my resolution, La-bor and Public Welfare Committee. They want a committee. Senate Resolution 36, which now reposes And there lie our veterans' problems to Mr. MORSE subsequently said: Mr. in the Committee on Rules and Admin day, gathering dust beneath hundreds President, I noted that earlier today the istration. of other bills on which these commit Senator from Michigan [Mr. POTTER] The resolution provides that Senate tees place a higher priority. made a comment regarding his bill for rule XXV shall be amended to establish Since that time, Mr. President, former the creation of a standing Senate Com a. standing Committee on Veterans' Af- Senator Ferguson made an attempt to mittee on Veterans' ,Affairs. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10875 As he knows, for some time I have sup bill was not considered by a committee Using the 1947-49 economic base, we ported the same proposal. I wish him dealing directly and exclusively with vet find that by the end of 1956, net farm to know that I completely agree with erans' affairs-that privilege was denied income from all sources, including net the observations he made today. to veterans. It is my hope such exam changes in inventories, had decreased As the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD will ples as this will serve to demonstrate the 10.8 percent, while prices paid by farmers show, I have discussed this question a cogency of the argument made by the for commodities, services, interest, taxes number of times. In my campaign last Senator from Michigan earlier today and wage rates increased 14.4 percent. fall, I pledged to the veterans' organiza and by the Senator from Oregon at this During this same period corporate tions in my State that I would do all I time. profits increased 47 percent and cor could to have established a standing porate dividends 69 percent. Senate committee on veterans' problems. INFLATION IN UNITED STATES AND These statistics become even more sig So I desire to associate myself with the nificant when we consider that in 1956 Senator from Michigan, in connection STATEMENTS OF THE PRESIDENT farm income rose about 4 percent, the with this matter. THEREON first improvement since 1951 and re I wish to say now-as he said more Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, last versal of a trend that pushed the aver eloquently earlier today than I could Wednesday at a White House press con age of farm prices down almost 23 per that I think such a change in the Senate ference President Eisenhower was asked cent in 5 years, while corporate earn committee rules is long overdue. The for his appraisal of "just how serious ings in 1956 declined approximately 1.6 veterans' organizations in the United the threat of inflation is now." In an percent from the peak year of 1955. In States are entitled to have a standing swering this question the President de other words, even though agriculture Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs clared that "a very considerable amount" made its first real gain in 5 years and in created, so the veterans will not be of the rise in the cost of living is due to dustry slipped slightly over the previous pushed around from committee to com "the deliberate policy to bring to the year, farmers are receiving less than mittee, with no Senate committee having fa·rmer his own proper share of national they did in 1947-49 while corporation sole jurisdiction over their affafrs. The income." earnings have increased nearly 50 per matter is so important that I would be Because President Eisenhower's reply cent. perfectly willing to support a motion to represents such an astonishing example Yet President Eisenhower declares, discharge the Committee on Rules and of political buckpassing and erroneous apparently on the basis of this tiny in Administration from the further con economic conclusions, I would like to read crease in farm income during 1956, that sideration of the Senator's resolution to the Senate that portion which relates our agricultural industry is a principal and to bring it to the floor of the Senate, to his charges against the American cause of inflation. if we cannot get some action taken by farmer: In his discussion of inflation, President the Committee on Rules and Administra Well, you have had the beginnings of a Eisenhower referred to policies to pro tion on the requests by innumerable vet t ype of inflation, because, after having been vide the farmer with his proper share of erans' organizations for prompt consid successful over a period of almost 4 years in national income and confessed his ig eration of the proposal to establish a keeping the cost of living from rising more norance of what such a phrase means. standing Senate Committee on Veterans' than a percent or two-I've forgotten ex I would like to indicate very briefly, but actly-within the past year, we now have it I believe graphically, the problem faced Affairs. going up more rapidly, and that becomes I hope my support does not shock my alarming, because the curve bends upward. by America's farmers. friend, the Senator from Michigan. I Now, part of that, of course, is due to the In 1953 average net per capita income want him to know that on this issue deliberate policy to bring to the farmer his of the farm population was $930-$665 we stand together. own proper share of national income. We from farm sources and $265 from non Mr. POTTER. Mr. President, let me say "proper share"-and I am not. exactly farm sources. National per capita in sure what that means-but, as you know, come of the nonfarm populace of the say that I appreciate the remarks of the they have taken certain years to be repre distinguished senior Senator from Ore United States in 1956 was $1,875. In sentative of justice in this matter, and have 1956 per capita income of the farm pop- gon. In my statement I pointed out that tried to approach that through all sorts of he has long been a supporter of the pro laws. . ulation was $889-$599 from farm posal I have advocated. We are still-the whole country is still sources and $290 from nonfarm sources. As the Senator from Oregon has experimenting with laws in that question. National per capita income for the non pointed out, the veterans run into a But that has accounted for a very consid farm populace in 1956 was $2,010. erable amount of this increase in cost. Thus from 1953 to 1956 net per capita frustrating situation in connection with income of the farm population decreased the consideration of their problems by At the outset, I might nudge the Presi $41 while per capita income of the non Senate committees. Whereas the House dent's lagging memory by pointing out farm population rose by $135. of Representatives has a standing Com that in December 1952 the Consumer I would also draw to the President's mittee on Veterans' Affairs, no standing Price Index stood at 114.1. The Labor attention a report issued by the House Senate committee has, as one of its as Department reported last week that the Agriculture Committee this spring which signments, major concern for such prob cost of living rose three-tenths of 1 per showed that the average worker's fam lems. cent in May to 119.6-its ninth consecu ily paid 5 percent more and farmers re So I welcome the support of the Sena tive record high and 3.6 points above a ceived 17 percent less in 1956 for the tor from Oregon. I know that with his year ago. same kinds and quantities of food pur enthusiastic support there soon will be Before blaming the United States chased in 1947. established a standing Senate Committee farmer and Federal farm programs for This is what we are talking of when on Veterans' Affairs. the current inflationary trend, the Presi we discuss methods of insuring that our Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, I dent should recall these facts: farmers receive their proper share of the should like to say that today there oc First. Programs designed to stabilize national income .. Judging by the Presi curred in the Senate an episode which farm prices and income represent only dent's knowledge of this problem as I believe illustrates the validity of the a small portion of total Federal expen evidenced by his remarks last Wednes point of the Senator from Michigan and ditures, and could hardly be classed as day, it will be a long time before we ·the senior Senator from Oregon. A bill major causes of inflation. Of the Presi reach this goal for American agriculture was passed by the House of Representa dent's budget for fiscal year 1957 only 3 if we rely on the present administration. tives dealing with social security and vet percent was allocated to such programs to lead us. erans' benefits, which provided that a while interest on the Government debt veteran who had been disabled in mili accounted for 10 percent, veterans serv tary service, and later also had been ices for 7.4 percent and national security DEPORTATION OF HUNGARIAN totally disabled at a civilian job, could for over 61 percent. REFUGEES draw social-security benefits and also Second. In recent years total farm in Mr. THYE. Mr. President, on June 14, receive compensation from the Veterans' come has shrunk rather than expanc,ied 1957, I placed in the CONGRESSIONAL Administration. This seemed to me cer as prices paid farmers de.clined. This RECORD a newspaper article i·eferring to tainly fair and justifiable. But under certainly cannot be regarded as an infla three Hungarian refugees who were the Senate version of the bill-and the tion-promoting tendency. found to be penniless and homesick in 10876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE July 3 the State of Minnesota after they had they will be met by representatives of the Walter E. Alessandroni, executive director been arrested on a traffic violation Catholic diocese and assisted in completing of the Housing Authority, said the law does I their journey to, and resettlement in Mont not provide for help in finding another place charge. placed that article in the real. to live. RECORD for the specific purpose of call "The Redevelopment Authority and local ing attention to some very unfortunate Mr. President, I am happy that the real estate a.gents cooperate with us by post people. At the same time I made known ending of the unhappy experience of ing available places," he said. "But after to Congress that I was asking General these unfortunate refugees has been that, these people have to shift for them Swing, Director of the Immigration and pleasant and satisfactory to the refugees. selves." Naturalization Service, to grant a 2-week I am confident that they will start their Alessandroni said it is unfortunate t h at deferment in the hearing which was new life in a new country under much the line must be drawn so rigidly. But t he scheduled to be held in St. Paul to deter happier circumstances than they thought limits are set down by Federal law and, ex mine the disposition of the case of these possible when they crossed the border cept for deductions such as union dues, unfortunate Hungarians. from Canada to Minnesota and found uniforms and tools, they must be observed. "These 'borderline' people are the ones we General Swing granted the deferment. themselves involved in a minor highway need as tenants in public housing," Alessan I received a communication from him, incident. · droni said. "Believe me, it doesn't make us together with a complete report referring happy to evict them to heaven knows what. to the case. The subject is of sufficient NEED FOR MODERATE-INCOME These are the people who have the 'oomph.' importance that I should read the let They are the leaders, they are the ones most ter and report from General Swing: HOUSING able to better themselves. From this group, JULY l , 1957. Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, 2 days you get the scout leaders and the Sunday school teachers. Hon. EDWARD J. THYE, ago, during the discussion of the con Uni ted States Sen ate, ference report on the housing bill, I had "The Government's theory is that these Washington, D. C. occasion to refer to an article published are the people who should be evicted because DEAR SENATOR THYE: Attached for your in they have the spirit to go ahead. Yet it in the Philadelphia Inquirer pointing out doesn't always work that way and some of formation is a brief resume of developments that pay increases have put thousands of tJ d ate in the cases of Bela Kutasy, Sr., them end up back where they came from." Bela Kutasy, Jr., and Josef Nagyar, the Hun moderate-income families out of pub Here are the income limits for the dwell garian refugees who recently illegally en lic housing, and that many of them had ings which range in gross rent from $25 to tered the United States across the Canadian to return to the slum conditions from $65 a month, depending on income and size border. which they had moved into public hous of family: Sincerely, ing-. ------, Commissioner. I ask unanimous consent to have the Admission Con· Size of family article printed in the RECORD. 1-----,,.----i tinued Following the apprehension of the three occu There being no objection, the article Regular Speci:tl pancy Hungarian refugees who had illegally was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, entered the United States by crossing the Canadian border, the Immigration and as follows: 1 or 2 persons______$3, 200 $3, 800 $4, 000 PAY RISES PUT THOUSANDS OUT OF PUBLIC 3 or 4 persons______3, 300 3, 950 4, 100 Naturalization Service issued orders to show 5 or 6 persons ______3, 500 4,200 4,350 cause why they should not be required to HOUSING HERE 7 or more person s______3, 700 4,400 4, 600 leave the United States. The refugees were (By Saul Kohler) released from custody promptly upon the More than 1,000 Philadelphia families The special limit on admission applies only posting of bond in their behalf in the sum have been evicted from public housing de of $500, and a hearing was scheduled for to those families whose private dwellings velopments and told to shift for themselves have been taken from them by public ac June 14. even if it means a return to slum living tion-to m ake way for a highway or bridge Because of the possible unfavorable inter the Inquirer learned yesterday. They were approach or to be redeveloped. national implications and for the purpose forced to move because their incomes were of affording more time to study the matter, above the prescribed limit for living in a MAY LAND IN STREET the Immigration and Naturalization Service development. Although the difference be For example, a man and wife with 2 upon the request of Senator EDWARD J. THYE tween public and private rentals is at least children may not have an income of more postponed the scheduled hearing for 2 weeks. 20 percent, a 1-percent income rise can put than $3,300 (including a $100 exemption for The Immigration and Naturalization Serv a family on the street. each child and the allowable deductions) ice promptly began negotiations with the The difference is accentuated by the fact when they apply for admission to a develop Canadian immigration authorities regarding that public housing rents include all utili ment. If their home is to be razed for a the status of these refugees and their re ties, while private rentals generally do not. bridge. approach, their income may reach settlement in Canada. At the same time, $3,950 on application. Once they move in, conferences were held between officers of GOT EVICTION NOTICES they may earn no more than $4,100. If the the Immigration and Naturalization Service In the past 5 years, a total of 1,010 fami. salary hits $4,200, the family runs the risk and the attorney for the refugees, as well as lies were given eviction notices, an Inquirer of finding its furniture on the street. representatives of religious and civic groups. survey shows. Here is the breakdown: Such a family pays $56 for a two-bedroom apartment. The rent includes light, gas for These discussions brought out the fact 1952------~------428 that one of the refugees had a distant rela 1953 ______221 cooking, heat, water, and janitor service, in tive residing in Montreal, and that this, 1954______86 a modern, light, airy building equipped with coupled with possibly more favorable em 1955 ______101 an elevator. The Housing Authority esti ployment opportunities in the Montreal 1956 ______128 mates that a similar apartment would rent for $70 to $80, plUs utilities, on the private area, would be conducive to satisfactory 1957 (first quarter)------46 adjustment in Montreal rather than in the market. Alberta area where the refugees had left. Each year, the Philadelphia Housing Au PAY, RENTS COMPARED The refugees, and all others concerned, were thority examines the incomes of 11,000 fam At intervals o! 2 to 5 years, the Federal in agreement that they should return to ilies living in 19 developments. As soon as Government orders a revision of the rents Canada and settle in Montreal. a figure goes above the prescribed maximum, and salary limits. The last revision was com The Canadian authorities were most sym the ax falls. 'I'he family gets 6 months to pleted 2 years ago. The Housing Authority pathetic and cooperative in working out a move and, if it fails to do so, eviction pro must take a survey of comparability by solution, and gave assurances that the refu ceedings are started in the common pleas checking the average of low-income salaries gees would be accepted into Canada and court. in Philadelphia industry and rents in com assisted in reaching their destination. It NO AID GIVEN parable living quarters on the private market. is understood that the Canadian immigra The family gets no help in finding new Should the salary limits be raised now? tion officials have volunteered to assume the quarters. Some are fortunate and can use Alessandroni thinlcs not. He cites the fact costs of transporting the refugees from their savings for a downpayment on a home. that there is a waiting list of 5,000 families Winnipeg to Montreal. The Catholic dio But with mortgage rates what they are today, who desperately need decent, low-rent quar cese in the St. Paul area has been most active most of them are left to the mercy of private ters. Instead, he has proposed that a small in seeking a solution in this matter and has housing. percentage of ineligibles be retained in hous also undertaken to pay the fares to Montreal. The jump in salary may be minute-the ing project--at private rental rates-to pro Pursuant to these understandings, the ref jump in rents may be terrific. And many vide the leadership and add some "class." He ugees agreed to voluntarily return to Canada of the families, unable to buy homes and said the plan had been rejected "because you as soon as transportation arrangements have unable to pay the high rents for a decent cannot lay out a pattern that won't hurt been made. This has been done, and they place to live, return to the substandard hous someone." are scheduled to depart today on Northwest ing they occupied before they were given The problem, then, rests in the class of Airlines at 8:35 a. m. for Winnipeg, where clean, modern quarters in a development. people who earn too much to live in develop- r 1957, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10877, ments and too little to rent decent quarters I am always very slow to conclude that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there elsewhere. Development Coordinator Wil the Supreme Court, with the solemn ob objection to the request of the Senator liam L. Rafsky thinks more should be done ligation it has to protect the American from Oregon? The Chair hears none, for these people. "Public housing should still aim at the people and their constitutional rights by and the Senator may proceed. families that need it the most, those earn judicial process, has made some gross Mr. MORSE. For my part, I would not ing less than $3,500," he said. "But the mistake which threatens the adminis have the Court's decision used as a pre question is: Do you make public housing a tration of justice from the standpoint text for fishing expeditions into FBI files device to care for the lowest strata and then of law enforcement, as so many of the on matters unrelated to the testimony of let them shift for themselves when they go critics are saying these days about the Government witnesses. The Court's up?" Supreme Court. · opinion does not seem to me to carry Mayor Richardson Dilworth has taken a similar position. Dilworth also has advo I suggest, first, that many of the such a threat. However, I can conceive cated that smaller developments be scat critics give more evidence that they have of problems of administering the decision tered throughout the city to minimize prob even read the Jencks decision and more which Congress can help avoid by enact lems, such as minority groups. evidence that they have read the sup ing a procedure to assure defendants• porting precedents upon which the rights, and at the same time protect data Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the end Jencks decision is based. in FBI files from inspection by defend result is that new emphasis is given to But if we are to have legislation, then ants which is unrelated to their case. the need for moderate-income housing I respectfully submit that the amend These are the desirable aims of such leg such as proposed by the Senator from ment I am offering today is very much islation, and we should not be rushed into Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN] but which was needed in order to protect what I con sacrificing either. rejected during the conference. I hope sider to be some very precious rights of The Supreme Court held, in the Jencks that the measure can be resuscitated in Americans in the whole field of fair case, that defendants in a criminal pro5- the Senate. trial. ecution brought by the United States Furthermore, I think the amendment should have access to earlier statements THE JENCKS CASE: PROPOSED is needed if the bill which the Committee and reports of Government witnesses. AMENDMENT TO S. 2377 on the Judiciary has reported will itself And rightly so, because, let me stress, it Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on Mon subsequently stand the test of Supreme would be a police-state tactic if we ever day, July 1, the Committee on the Judi Court review, because, let us not forget, embedded in our system of justice in the, ciary reported S. 2377, designed to regu we can pass all the legislation we wish United States any power in the Govern·· larize the procedure declared by the Su to in the Senate; but if in the legisla ment to keep from a defendant informa preme Court to be essential to due tion we transgress upon constitutional tion to which he is entitled in order to process in the Jenclcs decision of June 3, guaranties, thank God there still is in have a fair trial. I do not care whether 1957. America a Supreme Court to check the the information is in the files of the FBI The report on the bill declares: Senate, if necessary, and the House of or in any other Government files. There Representatives, too, when it comes to is no place in America for a police-state The proposed legislation, as reported, is not designed to nullify, or to curb, or to the guaranty of due process. tactic which keeps locked up from free limit the decision of the Supreme Court inso Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, will the men and women charged with crime, in far as due process is concerned. Senator yield? formation which, under due process, they Mr. MORSE. I yield. are entitled to have if they are to have a Despite this statement, I fear that the Mr. CLARK. I should like to indicate fair trial. bill, based upon the draft of the Depart my agreement with the suggestion of I do not intend to allow FBI files to be ment of Justice, would, in its present the distinguished Senator from Oregon made a sacred cow in our system of gov form, do what the committee report that the proposed legislation is hastily ernment when it comes to the applica states is not intended. So far as the conceived and, in all likelihood, is un tion of the due-process clause of the Con committee is concerned this result ap necessary. I have cosponsored the Sen stitution of the United States. pears to be inadvertent. ator's amendment, but in the hope very So the Supreme Court, in the Jencks Therefore, I am submitting an amend much that the Senate will proceed with case, issued a long-overdue warning in ment for myself and Senators NEUBERGER, all deliberate speed in connection with the administration of criminal just.ice MURRAY, CLARK, HENNINGS, and LANGER, the matter because, in my judgment, if in America when it said: in the hope that the committee and the the bill were held over until the 2d Senate will study the proposal before the We now hold that the petitioner was en session of the 85th Congress, it would titled to an order directing the Government bill is called up for consideration. When never be passed at all, because it would to produce for inspection all reports of Ma debate is held, I shall discuss this defect, have become abundantly apparent that tusow and Ford in its possession, written and, and other questions that cause me grave there was no need for it. when orally made, as recorded by the FBI, concern, in greater detail. When the I think the Senate should be very touching the events and activities as to which Senate deals with guaranties of due proc hesitant, indeed, to intervene in ques they testified at the trial. ess and fair procedure it is vital that it tions of Federal judicial procedure. We The bill, as reported, would limit the in do so with care and deliberation. I should not be panicked into action be- · spection to reports or statements of the wit understand that the committee acted ness in the possession of the United States cause, in a hurry, the Attorney General as are signed by the witness, or otherwise with speed from a desire to provide pro comes forward and asks, on a scare basis, adopted or approved by him as correct relat cedures which would prevent abuse of for a piece of legislation designed to ac ing to the subject matter as to which he has the rights declared in the Jencks deci complish a purpose which, in my judg testified. sion and the uncertainty, of some at ment, could be far better accomplished, least, as to how far the decision reaches. so far as the objectives are concerned, I say that is a point of inadvertency on I digress from my prepared statement by the orderly procedures of the Federal the part of the Judiciary Committee. I momentarily to say that I even have courts. do not think they have stopped to ana serious doubt as to whether any legis Mr. MORSE. I completely agree with lyze the procedure which is followed in lation at all is needed or is desirable, the observations of my colleague from collecting these statements. because under our system of Govern Pennsylvania. I appreciate his cooper A comparison of the language of the ment Congress ought to be very slow and ation with me as one of the cosponsors Court and the bill's provision shows that careful and thoughtful before it seeks of the amendment, if we are to have any the bill includes conditions not contem to set itself up as a super Supreme Court legislation at all. plated by the Court. to tell the Supreme Court how it should The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEU In practice, most prospective witnesses interpret the Constitution of the United BERGER in the chair). The time of the interviewed by the FBI or other Govern States. senior Senator from Oregon, under the ment investigatory agents are not given Basically, we have to consider the limitation during the morning hour, has the opportunity to see the summary of precious issue of due process and the expired. their interviews. right to a fair trial on the part of any Mr. MORSE. I wonder if my col How many Senators have ever seen a one who is accused of crime in America. leagues, in the interest of saving time, summary of an interview with the FBI? In ' very real sense, our liberties stem would give me 5 more minutes in order How many Senators, when they have from due process under the Constitution. to finish my statement. been interviewed by the FBI, have ever CIII--684 10878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 3 signed the FBI summary of interview? indicates that he is willing to accommo Mr. President, anyone who has tried a That is not the way the FBI collects a date me. case knows the truth of what the Court great deal of its information. One Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I said. The judge cannot know the po major catch in the bill concerns signed have no objection to having the Senator tential relevance of all parts of a prior statements or statements approved by from Oregon proceed for an additional statement to the evidence given by a wit the witness. 5 minutes during the morning hour. ness to the extent, at least, that a de In effect, then, the bill contains a con Mr. MORSE. I shall not need that fendant can. dition which in the vast majority of cases much time. I thank my friend, the If the judge is to perform a function would not and could not be met in prac Senator from California, for his cour in superintending discovery and inspec tice. tesy. tion of statements or summaries in Gov Indeed, the condition of the bill leaves The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ernment files, he must do so to protect it up to the FBI and other agencies to objection, the Senator from Oregon may both the defendant and the Government. change their procedures so as to avoid proceed. The bill, as reported, does not do this. completely the duties imposed and the Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in my It gives the trial judge authority which rights declared in the Jencks case. This judgment there is something to be said the Supreme Court said he should not can be accomplished by the simple for giving the court some control over have. Indeed, the provision of the bill expedient of discontinuing written re what shall be made available for inspec may be a fatal defect under the Supreme ports in the few cases in which inform tion. The FBI, for example, should be Court's decision. ants hav~ given their information in that protected from producing for inspection At the least, the committee should form. all of a document which relates in part clarify the intent of this provision of It would be a very easy thing for the to the witness' testimony, but also relates the bill. FBI to do. A new rule could be issued to other crimes by the defendant or other Better yet, the committee should pro as to the collection of information, in persons still under investigation. pose an amendment to cure the apparent order to get around the decision of the The FBI should not have to show all deficiency of the latter part of present Supreme Court. the documents; and the court should subsection (b) . have the power to make perfectly clear It is to this defect of the bill that the If it should not do either, there is a amendment is addressed. It would strike that the defendant and his counsel shall possibility verging on probability tha.t tile out the passage quoted, namely: be limited, in examining the file, to the information dealing with the witness, in bill would not withstand attack before Reports or statements of the witness in the courts, even if it should withstand the possession of the United States as are connection with the crime for which the defendant has been indicted. But as to the attack in the Senate which I know signed by the witness, or otherwise adopted would come. or approved by him as correct relating to the that material, no judge should have the subject matter as to which he has testified. power to deny the defendant or his Mr. President, I close with a fervent lawyer access to it, because it is vital to plea on my lips that the Senate will And substitute: the defense; and there cannot be a fair study the Jencks case, because I respect Any record in the possession of the United trial if a defendant is denied access to fully submit that here we are dealing States which contains a recitation or the the material which bears on the offense in too much haste with a precious right substance of any oral or written statement in criminal jurisprudence which should previously made by the witness touching with which he is charged. However, in my view, the burden accrue to all defendants the right to upon the substance of the testimony of that make sure that their Government does witness. should be on the Government to show that its activities would be impeded in not withhold from them a single piece The amendment thus made would pre dealing with investigations other than of paper which bears on their case, and serve the intent of the Jencks decision those involved in the case being tried, which they might need in preparing their that summaries of information given by and only that material should be with defe1 ... se. If we do not keep sacred that the witness be available to the defense held. Any material which deals with the protection, once again we shall run the for purposes of impeachment of the wit alleged 'Crime for which the defendant is danger of establishing another tactic of ness. being tried should not be withheld. a police state; and in the great temple POWER OF THE COURTS The Supreme Court said: of democracy there is no room for even a vestige of police state procedure. The bill, as reported, further provides We hold, further, that the petitioner is en that it is up to the judge to decide what titled to inspect the reports to decide wheth The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in the Government document is relevant; er to use them in his defense. Because only amendment will be received, printed, and only that portion of a witness' prior the defense is adequately equipped to de and lie on the table. statements or reports, or summary termine the effective use for purpose of dis thereof, shall be made available to the crediting the Government's witness and thereby furthering the accused's defense, the defendant. THE SITUATION IN ALGERIA Mr. President, this is a serious defect. defense must initially be entit led to see them to determine what use may be made of them. Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, I ask In the United States, a judge cannot be Justice requires no less." substituted for a defendant's counsel. - unanimous consent that I may address The defendant's counsel has the duty of Mr. President, I say to my constitu the Senate for 5 minutes. protecting the rights of the defendant, tional lawyer friends in the Senate that The PRESIDING OFFICER. ls there insofar as the preparation and presenta they should mark well that language in objection to the request of the Senator tion of his defense is concerned; and the the Jencks case, because in my judgment from Kentucky? Without objection, Congress has no right by legislation to it deals directly with the due process the Senator from Kentucky may proceed seek to make the court the counsel for clause. for 5 minutes. the defendant. The court has the duty Mr. President, the Congress cannot Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, on yes of passing on the evidence, and the court permit a trial judge to make such a deci terday we were privileged to hear a very must not be given the assignment of de sion for the defendant. The defendant thought-provoking address, by the dis termining the form of the defense of the must be allowed to prepare his own tinguished Senator from Massachusetts defendant. defense. [Mr. KENNEDY], dealing with one of the I submit that to follow such a process If the bill in its present form, as re most tragic and critical situations which is not due process. ported from the Committee on the Judi exists in the world today. His remarks The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ciary, were enacted into law, I would not show a thorough knowledge of the key NEUBERGER in the chair) . Under the be at all surprised to find that it would factors involved in the Algerian-French run directly into the due process clause, struggle. It is clear that he gave care 3-minute rule, the time available to the because in my judgment the Supreme ful thought and study to the prepara Senator from Oregon has expired. Court would say, in effect, "You a_0 seek tion of his address. His speech was made Mr. MORSE. Mr. Pre·sident, I have ing to interfere with the right of the in the spirit of trying to be helpful in left a page and one-half of manuscript. defendant to pass judgment upon what solving this most complex problem. I I am willing to resume later. However, evidence shall be available to him, from am sure that what he had to say will I see that my- good friend, the Senator Government files, in his own protection, arouse great interest in the Congress of from Kentucky, who is seeking the floor, for his own defense." the United States, the executive branch, 1957, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10879 among the people of this country, and which would accordingly do away with freedom. I believe that a solution of the among the people of France and Algeria. the former system, which gave greater problem can be found. I know from my While I was deeply impressed with weight to the Frenchman's vote. own experience in the Department of much the distinguished Senator from However, before holding fair elections, State that those who are entrusted with Massachusetts had to say, I do not be it is obvious that peace and order must the conduct of our foreign affairs are in lieve, frankly, that his description of first be restored. The French have of terested in helping the French and the the present situation was in full per fered, with no strings attached, a cease Algerians in resolving peacefully and spective. I do not think that all aspects fire to the Algerian rebels. No retalia justly the bitter conflict. I also know of the problem were fully portrayed. tion would be undertaken against those from personal experience that this Gov As I pointed out yesterday, it seems to who had until now carried arms against ernment did use its good offices when the me that he has underestimated the dif France. Ninety days after restoration of question of self-government for the five ficulties involved in finding a solution. order, elections would be held. Guy Mol nations mentioned above was a burning Moreover, I do not think: he has given let further pledged that the French Gov issue both in France and the nations full expression and importance to the ernment would then undertake to work involved. efforts made by the French Government out with such duly elected Algerian rep .I certainly think, Mr. President, that in endeavoring to resolve the conflict. resentatives a new statute providing a our country should be found on the side Finally, I am not sure in my own mind large measure of autonomy for Algeria. of liberty and freedom for all peoples. that the formula he has proposed would The Front of National Liberation, the I think history proves tbat in all cases be really helpful in working out a so leading rebel organization, has so for where the determination was properly lution. rejected the French offer, insisting that ours we have acted in conformity with The Senator from Massachusetts has the French Government first recognize our own great tradition of freedom. only touched on the problem of the exist Algerian right to independence and the Both inside and outside the United Na· ence of over 1 million Frenchmen per Front of National Liberation as the pro tions the record of the United States in manently residing in Algeria. These are visional Algerian Government. It is evi regard to colonialism is a good record. not all vast landowners or "colons," as dent that no French Government could I do not mean to · imply that we as a they are commonly termed. These survive if it accepted such terms. nation can be content merely to stand largely consist of small farmers, shop Nor would the turning over of the fu on the record. We must continue the keepers, and professional people. They ture Algeria to a small fanatical force, active championship of liberty and free have lived in Algeria for generations. supported by Colonel Nasser, be neces dom. New policies must be formulated They are more Algerian than French. sarily in the interests of the Algerian and implemented from time to time. They have no place to go in France, people or in the Western interest in gen However, such new policies must be care should they be driven out of Algeria or eral. The present French Government fully considered in the light of all factors otherwise dispossessed. These people has maintained Monet's cease-fire offer, concerned; else our efforts might retard are naturally concerned by the prospect and pending acceptance of this program, the very goals we seek. of an independent Algeria, where they has decided to go ahead decentralizing would become a minority, and possibly the Algerian administration, holding an oppressed minority, in a country elections where possible, and thereby ADOPTION OF KOREAN ORPHANS 'Whose religion, laws, and customs might building up gradually a structure of self Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on Jan become completely different from their government. own. uary 25, 1957, I cosponsored, with my I do not wish to imply that I think very able colleague, the present Presid It is the existence of these people that French policies have been forthright and makes Algeria unique, and makes the ing Officer, the junior Senator from Ore liberal in every instance. Nor am I in gon [Mr. NEUBERGER], Senate bill 866, Algerian problem quite different from sensitive to the well-justified demands the usual colonial problem. In no place which seeks to expedite the proce of the Moslem people of Algeria for dures for bringing into this country in the world have we ever had a situa greater self-government. Moreover, any tion quite comparable. -Neither in In Korean orphans whom American fam dia, Morocco, nor any other country contribution to the solution of the tragic ilies wish to adopt. conflict should certainly be most wel As we pointed out, a good many of which has recently gained full independ come. ence has the European population com these orphans were fathered by Ameri posed one-ninth of the total. It is thus I seriously wonder, however, wheth can servicemen and they are illegitimate clear that the French Government has er it would be particularly helpful for children. I think the only moral thing before it an agonizing problem. the United States to inject itself directly to do is seek to make it as easy as possible Moreover, the pressures generated as a into such a complicated issue. I am sure for American families that wish to adopt result of this special situation create a this body would not be appreciative if a those children to proceed to do so. political atmosphere in which it is ex foreign congress proposed a formula for There can be no question about the fact tremely difficult for the French Govern resolving an issue which touched so that those children are suffering greatly ment to chart a purely objective course. closely the American people. I strong in Korea. They are in orphanages which All one has to do in order to get an idea ly suspect that the type of action which in many instances are not the most de of the political problems now confront the Senator from Massachusetts con sirable. I think there ought to be hear ing the French Government is to sup templates will tend to stiffen the Franch ings and early action on S. 866, but it pose that more than 3 million Amer position, hamper the efforts of French has been languishing in the Judiciary icans were residing, as a minority, in an liberal elements, and thereby jeopardize Committee of the Senate. It has not area which was demanding independ the prospect for the French coming forth even been scheduled for hearings. ence. The political pressures which such themselves with liberal solutions. It I felt, Mr. President, without any re a situation would create in the Congress does not seem to me, therefore, that the flection .upon the Judiciary Committee, can well be imagined. action proposed is really helpful or that it became my duty to formally re The Senator mentioned only briefly capable of contributing to a peaceful quest the Judiciary Committee for action the policies enunciated by the French settlement of the Algerian conflict, which on the bill. Therefore, I sent to the Government, and the impression was is certainly what we all desire, including chairman of the Judiciary Committee, given that French policy is still aiming both the Algerians and the French. the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EAST toward complete integration of Algeria Let us bear in mind that France has LAND J, a letter in which I courteously with France. I do not think that this been at war almost constantly for the and respectfully asked for early hearings is an accurate description of recent de past 18 years. The French people have on the bill, so it could be reported and velopments. As enunciated by former faced some very difficult political and placed on the calendar and the Senate Premier Guy Mollet on January 9 of this economic problems. Since World War could pass upon the bill, as I think it is year, the French Government has come II five independent nations have been our humanitarian duty to do. out completely in favor of elections by established from former French colonies. I therefore ask unanimous consent universal suffrage throughout all of Al They are Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, that there be printed in the RECORD at geria. That is to say, the French Gov Tunisia, and Morocco. The French still this point in my remarks a copy of the ernment is pledged to give each Moslem are faced with the problem of meeting letter I sent to the chairman of the Sen equal voting rights with the French, the aspirations of the Algerian people for ate Judiciary Committee. 10880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE July 3 There being no objection, the letter majority leader, the Senator from Mon furnishing such additional funds as may be necessary and agreeiµg to accept the prop was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tana CMr. MANSFIELD] for calling up this erty and take over operation and main as follows: · bill. It is a bill dealing with the restora tenance of said structure." JULY 2, 1957. tion of a dam on the Little Kanawha Hon. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, River in West Virginia. Chairman, Committee on the Judiciarw In 1956 the Congress passed an act INCREASED EXPENDITURES BY United States Senate. to provide for the disposal of federally COMMITTEE4 ON FOREIGN RELA DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Upon calling the Sub owned property at obsolescent canalized committee on Immigration this morning I TIONS was very much distressed to learn that S. 866, waterways, and for other purposes. which was introduced on January 25, 1957, Among the properties affected were Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I by Senator NEUBERGER and myself, is still some five dams on the Little Kanawha ask unanimous consent that the Senate pending in the subcommittee, apparently River. At one time that was a navigable proceed to the consideration of Senate with no action planned or hearings sched stream and carried a great deal of com Resolution 152, a resolution reported by uled. merce. Over the years the situation has the Committee on Rules and Admipis This does not seem to be in keeping with the views you expressed on the floor of the changed, and the stream is no longer tration this morning, which deals with Senate on June 19, 1957, when you said, in used for navigation, because the princi appropriations for the Committee on replying to Senator NEUBERGER: "I think that pal product and the principal article of Foreign Relations. such a bill as that referred to by the Senator commerce was oil, which has ceased to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (S. 866) will soon be on the Senate Calendar. be produced in the quantities it once clerk will state the resolution. I hope so. I may say, as chairman of the was. Other methods of transportation The legislative clerk read the resolu subcommittee, I favor such a bill." Nor does have also been used. tion CS. Res. 152), as follows: this lack of action by the subcommittee seem to be in keeping with the high humanitarian Among the dams which were aban Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign purpose of the bill to admit to this country doned and disposed of was one known as Relations is authorized to expend from the for adoption young and helpless orphans who dam No. 3. I am advised, Mr. Presi contingent fund of the· Senate, during the are victims of war and its aftereffects. . Many dent, that in 1956-and perhaps while 85th Congress;-for the purposes specified in of these children, who were fathered by our the bill was under consideration-dam section 134 (a) of the Legislative Reorgani servicemen in Korea and other parts of the No. 3 washed out, with the result that zation Act of 1946, $10,000 in addition to the Far East, are badly mistreated in the country the water level was lowered for a con amount authorized in such section. of their birth and most of them are underfed, siderable distance. The effect of that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there undernourished, and therefore susceptible to was to injure and destroy the banks, objection to the request of the Senator disease. In this country there are many wonderful causing them to fall into the water and from Montana? people who are not only willing but eager recede. However, the most damaging There being no objection, the Senate to adopt these children and give them every result was the lowering of the water level proceeded to consider the resolution. opportunity to grow into fine, upstanding, in that area. The people obtain their Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, this and useful American citizens. However, be water in large part from wells. The resolution was reported unanimously. cause there are no visas available for the wells dried up. It is the usual procedure followed by the children to be united with their adoptive The water supply of the town of Eliz committee. I urge the adoption of the parents they must continue to languish in the resolution. inadequate orphanage facilities provided for abeth was affected, and the water sup them until S. 866 is passed and enacted into ply for the homes of many people who The PRESIDING OFFICER. The law. lived up and down the river was affected. question is on agreeing to the resolution. Both Senator NEUBERGER and I have in It is felt, Mr. President, that if the ne resolution was agreed to. troduced a number of individual private bills Government is to turn back this dam, for the more urgent of these cases, but it originally built in 1874, more than 75 seems to me that this is unnecessarily bur years ago, it should be returned and re ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR SENATE densome to your committee and the process stored in a permanently safe condition, OFFICIAL REPORTERS OF DE could be obviated by passage of one bill, S. and that it should not be returned to BATES 866. I hope you and your committee will feel the people in its destroyed condition, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I that our bill can be reported out favorably with the resulting damage which will ask unanimous consent that the Senate in the very near future. continue. proceed to the consideration of the reso Sincerely, The purpose of this bill is to amend lution reported by the Committee on WAYNE MORSE. the previous act. I think there is ample Rules and Administration having to do justification for the action proposed with the proposed payment for addi ORDER OF BUSINESS whereby dam No. 3 will be restored, at tional reporters. a cost not to exceed $150,000. If the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cost should be greater than that, the clerk will state the resolution. morning business concluded? local people will have to defray it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The legislative clerk read the resolu I believe that is a complete explana tion CS. Res. 156), as follows: further morning business? If not, tion of the bill, and I appreciate being morning business is concluded. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate given the opportunity to make this state hereby is authorized and directed to pay ment to the Senate. from the contingent fund of the Senate, to DISPOSAL OF FEDERALLY OWNED The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the Official Reporters of the Senate debates PROPERTY MORSE in the chair). The bill is open and proceedings, during the period July 1, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I to amendment. If there be no amend 1957, to December 31, 1957, so much as may ment to be proposed, the question is on be necessary, not to exceed $20,000, for the ask unanimous consent that the Senate employment of additional office personnel. proceed to the consideration of Calendar the engrossment and third reading of No. 539, Senate bill 1520. the bill. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill The bill was ordered to be engrossed objection to the request of the Senator will be stated by title for the information for a third reading, read the third time, from Montana? of the Senate. and passed, as follows: There being no objection, the Senate The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. Be it enacted, etc., That section 2 of the proceeded to consider the resolution. act approved August 6, 1956, entitled "An The PRESiDING OFFICER. The 1520) to amend an act entitled "An act act to provide for the disposal of federally to provide for the disposal of federally owned property at obsolescent canalized question is on agreeing to the resolution. owned property at obsolescent canalized waterways and for other purposes," Public The resolution was agreed to. waterways, and for other purposes. Law 996, 84th Congress, 2d session, is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there hereby amended by adding the following: objection· to the present consideration " And provided further, That in lieu of pre RATES OR CHARGES FOR TRANS of the bill? paring dam No. 3 on the Little Kana PORTATION SERVICES BY CON wha, W. Va., for abandoning, such funds may TRACT MOTOR-VEHICLE CAR There being no objection, the Senate be expended for modification of the lock proceeded to consider the bill. and restoration for said dam either as a RIERS Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I movable or fixed type dam, but not to ex Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr . .President, I wish to thank the distinguished acting ceed $150,000, contingent upon local interest s aslt unanimous consent that the Senate 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10881 proceed to the consideration of Calendar this paragraph, as affected by any rule, regu Under the language of this amendment the No. 341, S. 943. lation, or practice so filed, or less than the contract carrier must have rendered con minimum rate or charge as may be prescribed tinuous services to the shipper for a period 'the PRESIDING OFFICER. The by the Commission from time to time, and of at least 1 year. Having so served, the bill will be stated by title for the infor it shall be unlawful for any such carrier, contract carrier would then qualify under mation of the Senate. by the furnishing of special services, facili this amendment and be relieved from filing The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. 943) ties, or privileges, or by any other device their actual rates and charges. to amend section 218 (a) of the Inter whatsoever, to charge, accept, or receive com The amendment reads as follows: "Pro state Commerce Act, as amended, to re pensation different from the actual rates vided, That ariy contract carrier serving but quire contract carriers by motor vehicles and charges so filed, or less than the mini one shipper having rendered continuous to file with the Interstate Commerce mum charges so prescribed:" service to such shipper for not less than 1 year may file reasonable minimum rates Commission their actual rates or charges Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, this and charges unless the Commission in any for transportation services. is a bill requested by the Interstate Com individual case, after hearing, finds it in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there merce Commission. It proposes to public interest to require the filing of actual objection to the request of the Senator amend the Interstate Commerce Act so rates and charges.'' from Montana? as to require that in the future actual One reason advanced for this suggested There being no objection, the Senate rates shall be filed instead of minimum amendment is that a number of contract car proceeded to consider the bill (S. 943) to rates, as has been the case heretofore. riers provide services that are not competi amend section 218 (a) of the Interstate The subcommittee of which I am tive with comm'On carriers; consequently, there is no reason to require disclosure of Commerce Act, as amended, to require chairman held hearings on the bill. actual rates. Contract carriers who now contract carriers by motor vehicles to Many witnesses appeared. As a result serve but one shipper are required, under file with the Interstate Commerce Com of the hearings we prepared an amend existing law, to file schedules on minimum mission their actual rates or charges for ment. The Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. rates and charges actually maintained and transportation services, which had been MONRONEY] proposed an amendment, charged. The courts, in Auto Transports, reported from the Committee on Inter which subsequently had to be amended Inc. v. United States, affirmed per curiam state and Foreign Commerce with by an additional amendment offered by (343 U. S. 923 (1952)), have held under the existing statute providing for filing "mini amendments on page 2, after line 3, to the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER]. mum rates and charges actually maintained strike out: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and charged" that a contract carrier serving (3) By changing the second word in the question is on agreeing to the amend a single shipper must file actual rates. En fourth sentence from "reduction" to ments reported by the committee. actment of S. 943 with Senator MoNRONEY'S "change"; and The amendments were agreed to. amendment would change the present law, as decided in the Auto Transports, Inc. case. And. in lieu thereof. to insert: Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, at this time I should like to offer an amend This amendment would, in effect, provide a (3) By striking out the fourth sentence ment and have it stated. measure of relief for legitimate contract car up to the semicolon and inserting in lieu riers and give greater stability to our con thereof the following: "Nothing herein pro The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tract carriers. vided shall be so construed as to require amendment will be stated. I should like to add that this amendment such carriers to maintain the same rates, The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 1, at has been cleared by Senator BRICKER, the rules, and regulations for the same services the end of line 9, it is proposed to insert ranking Republican member of our com for all shippers served. No reduction shall the following: "and by striking out the mittee, and I believe this provision has great be made in any such charge either directly merit. I earnestly urge its adoption. or by means of any change in any rule, period at the end of such sentence and regulation, or practice affecting such charge inserting in lieu thereof a colon and the or the value of the service thereunder, nor following: 'Provided, That any contract CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES OVER shall any new charge be established, except carrier serving but one shipper having THE POTOMAC RIVER after 30 days' notice of the proposed change rendered continuous service to such ship or new charge filed in the aforesaid form per for not less than 1 year may file Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I and manner." reasonable minimum rates and charges ask unanimous consent that the Chair unless the Commission in any individual lay before the Senate the unfinished On line 21, after the word, "or", to business. insert "less than", and case, after hearing, finds it in the public On page 3, line 2, after the word "or", interest to require the filing of actual The PRESIDING OFFICER. The rates and charges.'" Chair lays before the Senate the un to iru;ert "less than"; so as to make the finished business, which will be stated bill read: Mr. SMATHERS. . Mr. President, I urge the adoption of the amendment. by title. Be it enacted, etc., That section 218 (a) The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (8. of the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ( 49 U. S. C. 318 (a)), is further amended question is on agreeing to the amend 944) to amend the act of August 30, 1954, as follows: ment offered by the Senator from Flor entitled "An act to authorize and direct (1) By striking from the second sentence ida. the construction of bridges over the thereof the words "the minimum rates or The amendment was agreed to. Potomac River, and for other purposes." charges of such carrier actually maintained and charged" and substituting therefor the Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I words "the actual rates or charges of such urge the passage of the bill, as amended. WORLDWIDE BAN ON NUCLEAR carrier";. There was no objection to it by. any per TESTS (2) By striking .from the third sentence . son who appeared before the commit- Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, be the words "minimum charges" and sub tee. stituting in lieu thereof the words "actual fore the unfinished business is discussed, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I should like to make a few remarks rela rates or charges"; MORTON in the chair). The question is · (3) By striking out the fourth sentence tive to the present situation with regard up to the semicolon and inserting in lieu on the engrossment and third reading of to "clean" and "dirty" bombs. thereof the following: "Nothing herein pro the bill. Mr. President, the desirability of a vided shall be so construed as to require The bill was ordered to be engrossed test ban on big nuclear tests is the most such carriers to maintain the same rates, for a third reading, read the third time, controversial issue that confronts the rules, and regulations for the same services and passed. for all shippers served. No reduction shall nations of the world today. There are be made in any such charge either directly Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I many proposals coming from the capitals or by means of any change in any rule, ask unanimous consent that I may have of the world and from many prominent regulation, or practice affecting such charge printed in the RECORD a statement in individuals. These proposals differ or the value of the service thereunder, nor connection with the bill just passed. largely in matters of degree. The So shall any new charge be established, except There being no objection, the state viet Union has made a number of at after 30 days' notice of the proposed change ment was ordered to be printed in the tempte to seize the initiative in promot or new charge filed in the aforesaid form RECORD, as follows: ing a worldwide ban on nuclear tests. and manner". (4) By changing the sixth sentence up STATEMENT ON S. 943 Propaganda or not, we must admit that to the proviso to read as follows: "No such The proposed amendment would add a these Soviet proposals have put the na carrier shall demand, charge, or collect com provision to the law which would relieve tions of the Free World on the defensive. pensation for such transportation different contract carriers serving only one shipper It is time that the United States force from the charges filed in accordance with from filing their actual rates or charges. fully reassumes its leadership. 10882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 3 As I have stated on previous occasions, the question arises as to whether we can step-by-step agreement could be reached I feel that a multilateral ban on the test be assured that Great Britain, the Soviet in this difficult and delicate field. ing of nuclear weapons of one megaton Union, and any other nation which would I wish to make it clear that I do not or more in strength would be in the best become a nuclear power would also be suggest that we discontinue · the testing interest of the peoples of the world, both able to perfect clean bombs. We must re and perfection of small tactical nuclear from a defense and humanitarian point member that our nuclear test explosions weapons. This is very necessary to of view. are not the only ones which spawn radio maintain our military strength in the My views on this subject are known, active particles into the atmosphere. atomic age until there is an ironclad as are the views of many of my col· Are we willing to give our formula to the disarmanent agreement. leagues here in the Senate. Many sci· Soviet Union so that she can continue Mr. President, I ask unanimous con· entists and lay people have expressed her tests without contaminating the at· sent to have printed in the RECORD at their thoughts on this topic. What dis mosphere? this point as a part of my remarks an turbs me greatly is whether this country, Another point we must consider is that article ·entitled "The So-Called Clean as the most powerful nation in the world, if we do perfect a bomb that is 95 or Bomb," written by William H. Stringer, has a firm policy on this, the greatest 96 percent clean, the percentage that is chief of the Washington Bureau of the of all issues. I really do not know, and still dirty in one of these bombs in the Christian Science Monitor, and pub from all public sources of information I megaton range would still release more lished in the July 1, 1957, edition of that am forced to assume that the President, fallout than the atomic bomb dropped newspaper. his associates and his advisers in the on Hiroshima. There being no objection, the article administration are not unified in the Proponents of the clean bomb say was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, formulation of a firm policy on the con· that such bombs could be used tactically as follows: tinued testing of nuclear weapons. in battlefield operations without unnec THE So-CALLED CLEAN Bol>rn In November of 1956, President Eisen essarily injuring civilians with fallout (By William H. Stringer) hower stated that he opposed a ban of and without contaminating the ground WASHINGTON.-The prospect that a clean any kind on the continued testing of so that invading troops could not enter. hydrogen bomb r.an be developed-that is, nuclear weapons. On the eve of the Conversely, it could be argued that the one which produces a negligible fallout--un 1956 presidential election, Dr. Edward dirty bomb is more desirable because it deniably has altered the disarmament pic Teller and Dr. Ernest Lawrence, of the would contaminate an area for a long ture. University of California Radiation Cen.. period of time, making it inaccessible. All of the great and cqmpelling reasons ter, issued a statement that "the radio .. Because of the tremendous force em for disarmament still remain-and most of activity produced by the testing program bodied in a megaton bomb that is, in the reasons for re~ching a limited first-step agreement at the London disarmament talks. is insignificant." This statement, though terms of millions of tons of TNT, the But to the other arguments which have been disputed by some, had considerable effect initial destruction from the explosion made to President Eisenhower for proceed on the thinking of many people at that and th~ heat creates total destruction ing cautiously, and for insisting on a first time. over areas covering several miles. It step package deal which would include al In the months that have passed since would seem difficult to limit a target to a most everything under the disarmament sun, the presidential election, the growing specific military installation without there now is added the argument that fur support for some kind of test ban has bringing death and destruction to hun ther testing for 4 or 5 years would yield a become very vocal, and President Eisen dreds of thousands of innocent people. fairly clean bomb. Since the United States ultimately will hower has come to look more favorably I am not at all convinced that the embrace disarmament because it is to its upon the desirability of a nuclear test use of a clean bomb would automatically own self-interest and safety and not because ban. Just recently, Dr. 'Teller and Dr. displace the use of hydrogen weapons of some global demand for halting bomb Lawrence joined with the Chairman of which would spread radioactive fallout tests, this concept of the clean bomb and the Atomic Energy Commission in re over a large area. what it may mean to weapons policy and porting to the President that this coun We, as Americans, may not use dirty armaments is worth examining. try now knew a way of making virtually bombs, but who is to say that the ag First of all, the clean bomb means that a clean superbombs in which the radio gressor will do likewise? I feel that this nation could launch a nuclear war which would not, because of deadly radioactive fall active fallout could be cut· down by 96 yen to perfect clean bombs is leading us out drifting down on all alike in the percent. Prior to this announcement the to an unattainable goal of perfection in months following, threaten the aggressor as administration had committed itself to war. well as the victim with annihilation. This a ban on nuclear tests under stringent It is time for realism. The advantages is a crucial consideration. conditions as a part of an overall dis and disadvantages of clean and dirty It means that if an aggressor could launch armament program. bombs will be cast to the winds if, God a sneak attack he might conceivably get Now, however, the President has said, forbid, the world should become em· away with it. He would not himself be punished by the backfire of fallout. This that while he would still stand by the broiled in another world war. kind of bomb actually makes nuclear war heavily conditioned United States offer I feel that the greatest contribution less unthinkable to a desperate dictator. to join in a ban on atomic tests, he to a worldwide disarmament program And by that very fact it makes disarmament thought there was much to be said for would be a multilateral agreement among all the more imperative. For to a small continuing tests in order to eliminate the nuclear powers to end the testing of degree that deterrent of mutual terror is the fallout dangers to the fullest possible large hydrogen weapons of one megaton alleviated by the clean bomb. · degree. or more in strength. Such an agreement Secondly, the clean bomb gives added flex Let me say at this point that regard· is enforcible because, from all informa ibility and efficiency to small nuclear weap ons-the kind on which Washington is rely less of the source of scientific informa.. tion available, it would be impossible for ing for defense against limited wars and nib tion, it would seem unreasonable to de any nation to test such a large weapon bling aggression. As one nuclear scientist pend on only one source on such a vital without being detected. puts it, a small nuclear weapon without fall issue. Advice from other learned scien This, I feel, can be the first step in any out is more like a supercharge of TNT. A tists should also be considered. During sound disarmament program. It is vir Korean aggression could be repelled-per the course of the recent Joint Atomic tually impossible to bring about a com haps made impossible-with a few small Energy Committee hearings, AEC scien plete disarmament agreement among the nuclear bombs hurled by plane, cannon, or Dr. rocket. Defense is accorded a real chance tist Alvin C. Graves testified that major powers without approaching it on in brush-fire wars. complete cleanliness in hydrogen bombs a step-by-step basis. The administra Ernest O. Lawrence and Edward Teller was impossible. tion is to be commended for proposing at the Government's own brand of atomic spe In recent weeks the clean bomb has the current Disarmament Conference in cial pleaders who were brought to the White been used as a major argument favor l.:ondon a ban on nuclear tests for a 10- House by Lewis L. Strauss, chairman of the ing the continued testing of large hydro month period if, at the same time, the Atomic Energy Commission, to see President gen weapons. Let us consider for a mo Soviet Union will agree to stop the man Eisenhower last week-argued that the AEC needed more time to perfect these smaller ment the various ramifications of a clean ufacture of such weapons. I express the tactical weapons. Tactical nuclear weapons, versus the dirty bomb. hope that should our proposal fail, be and particularly those whose scatter-blast I think the first important considera· cause of an "all or nothing, take it or effect is lessened because fallout is vastly tion is to recognize that if it is possible leave it" basis, negotiations would be curtailed, could provide at least a partial for this country to perfect a clean bomb, continued in the hope that some small answer and deterrent to the massed man- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE ·10883 power capabilities of the Soviet Union and text of the bill and agree to the same with cation of facilities, including roads as a Communist China. In any showdown it an amendment as follows: result of the use of the aforesaid Federal would be massed firepower countering On page 2, of the Senate engrossed amend lands for the purposes of this act shall be massed manpower. ments, strike out lines 14, 15, and 16; and the accomplished in accordance with plans and Finally, bombs without fallout can be Senate agree to the same. procedures satisfactory to the head of the more readily used over a nation's own cities That the House recede from its disagree department having administrative jurisdic in defense against enemy aircraft or even, ment to the amendment of the Senate to the tion over such properties. conceivably, against enemy guided missiles. title of the bill and agree to the same. "SEC. 103. The Secretary of the Interior is It seems fantastic to believe that any bar HARRY F. BYRD, authorized to enter into an agreement or rage of nuclear explosives could intercept a ROBT. 8. KERR, agreements with Arlington County and the shower of intercontinental guided missiles C. ALLEN FREAR, Jr., State Highway Commission of Virginia, act raining down at far beyond the speed of EDWARD MARTIN, ing for and on behalf of the Commonwealth sound, but this is one of the ultimate, and JOHN J. WILLIAMS, of Virginia, for the purpose of providing for perhaps unrealistic, objectives of the nuclear Managers on the part of the Senate. cooperation by Arlington County and the weapons experts. JERE COOPER, State Highway Commission of Virginia, to Most immediately, of course, the idea that W. D. MILLS, such an extent as the Secretary of the In clean bombs can be perfected removes the NOBLE J, GREGORY, terior shall deem necessary in the construc desperate urgency from the proposal to ban DANIEL A. REED, tion of connecting roads, temporary or per bomb tests. If worried nations and peoples THOMAS A. JENKINS, manent closing of existing roads, and any can be persuaded-and this is a big "if" in Managers on the part of the House. other matters relating to the construction of these days of powerful propaganda-that fu said tunnel which the Secretary of the In ture testing will yield relatively negligible The PRESIDING OFFICER. The terior shall consider appropriate. amounts of fallout, then testing of nuclear question is on agreeing to the conference "SEC. 104. The Secretary of the Interior is devices per se would not loom as any more report. authorized and directed to route and reroute dangerous, or any less dangerous, than test and to cause the routing and rerouting of ing, say, of guided missiles. The report was agreed to. traffic on, and to close or cause to be closed But here we come right back to the initial roads, streets, and highways under the juris compulsions which have kept the disarma diction of the Commissioners of the District ment talks in being these many long postwar CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES OVER of Columbia, by agreement or agreements years. Nuclear warfare, even with fallout THE POTOMAC RIVER with the Board of Commissioners of the Dis largely omitted, would be devastating to trict of Columbia to such an extent as the whole nations, perhaps continents. Once a The Senate resumed the consideration Secretary of the Interior shall deem neces nuclear attack were launched, and several of the bill 'WHY DOES COMMUNIS'l' CHINA WANT TO TRADE WHAT EFFECT WOULD TRADE WITH COMMUNIST threats which she makes to move into , WITH THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER NATIONS CHINA, CARRYING WITH IT OUR :IMPLIED AP southeast Asia, Korea, Formosa, and OF THE WORLD? PROVAL OP ITS TTRANNl:CAL REGIME, HAVE ON elsewhere, we would be bolstering her Certainly any child knows the answer THE FREE PEOPLES OF ASIA AND THEIB. FERVENT economic .and political system? Once to this question. As Secretary Dulles DESIRE FOR FREEDOIO the trade was started, some of the trad stated in his recent address: I contend that it would be regarded by ers would look to the Government to fi them as appeasement, and a giant step The primary desire of that regime is for nance the trade; and we would find the machine tools, electronic equipment, and in on our part toward their abandonment. American people, in efiect, financing the general, what will help it produce tanks, Our influence on these peoples who trust stability of a regime devoted to aggres planes, ammunition, and other military us would be seriously impaired. Certain sion in the Far East. items. ly they would be disillusioned. The vast Mr. POTTER. The Senator is abso Anyone who believes we can trade with sums we have expended, the good work lutely correct. The trade apparatus in Communist China to any appreciable we have done to win these peoples would Red China would be a part of their degree in any type of goods without go down the drain. overall objective, which is to build a war augmenting her war potential is simply WOULD NOT TRADE RELIEVE THE MOUNTING ECO machine to make gains in Asia; and we NOMIC CRISIS THE CHI NESE COMM UNIST would be abetting their effort by trad deluding himself-it cannot be done. REGIME IS FACING ON THE MAINLAND? Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will ing with them, and giving them the ma the Senator yield? Reliable sources indicate that an un- . terials which they so much desire. Mr. POTTER. I am delighted to yield precedented economic crisis is mounting Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator will on the mainland. It is caused principally recall that in his television speech of to the Senator from California. by the refusal of the Chinese peasants June 2 Khrushchev, who is considered Mr. KNOWLAND. In view of the situ and workers to produce, and by the ex to be the leading figure in the Kremlin ation which prevails does not the dis cessive exports of foodstuffs. The refusal at the present time, predicted that our tinguished Senator from Michigan feel of the Chinese peasants to produce has grandchildren would be living under that the sending of strategic materials already resulted in the failures of the Marxian socialism. I believe he is to Communist China would be as short regime's 5-year industrialization and ag wrong. I believe that, in any fair test sighted as the action of those who, from ricultural plans. These failures have of the free system and the Communist the United States and elsewhere, shipped created economic chaos and wide dissat system of tyranny, the Free World will . scrap iron and oil to the Japanese war isfaction, which have not been quieted by win. But I have some doubts only when lords, a good deal of which came back at Communist murders of millions of Chi I find proposals being made by which us on December 7, 1941? nese. Should we rush into the breach the Government and the people of the Mr. POTTER. The senator is abso with trade to save the Peiping regime? United States, as well as other peoples lutely correct. The Senator knows that To do so will aid that regime in eliminat of the Free World, would bolster the the Chinese Communists are having a ing whatever vestiges of anticommunism Communist regimes and make them most difficult time in the economic field. that are left. workable. In fact, such a course would They need the machine tools and the WOULD TRADE WITH COMMUNIST CHINA BE AS make the slaves more content with their electronic equipment which we can pro Communist masters. duce. It would be a worse trade than PROFITABLE AS SOME CONTEND? The evidence at hand indicates other Mr. POTTER. The Senator is abso trading a horse for a rabbit if we should lutely correct. The Senator from Cali start to trade with Communist China. wise. More than 80 percent of all Red China's trade is now with the Soviet bloc, fornia is one of the greatest students of In other words, the gain to their economy the Asiatic problem in the Senate, or would mean much more to them than and there is no reason to expect this will materially change. While the United even in the United States. He well any slight benefit which we might derive knows that today the Chinese Commu would mean to us. States has a potential, if not actual, nists have a very difficult and serious The lessons of history should shed abundance of the things Red China de domestic problem on their hands. The some light on this delusion. The scrap sires, that country has comparatively lit clamor to expand and liberalize trade metal that was sent to Japan, the oil that tle to offer in trade that we need or desire. with Communist China did not happen China's principal exports are hog bristles, overnight. It is a part of their policy. went to Italy, and the trade with Ger tung oil, litchi nuts, grass mats, tea, silk, many all helped to prepare these nations and soya sauce. As Congressman BYRD They want to trade with the United for World War II. Those who call for i·ecently stated on the floor of the House, States. expanded trade with Communist China speaking on this same subject: They are not seeking such trade be evidently have forgotten these tragic cause of their love for us as a people or My personal view is that the world de as a nation. They are doing it because lessons. They apparently still believe mand for soya sauce h as now reached the that one can safely do business with saturation point . they hope, by so doing, they will bolster tyranny-that somehow we can weaken their economy, and relieve themselves Trade to be beneficial to both parties of some of the domestic economic pres the forces that threaten our freedom by must have the quality of mutuality. This sure they are experiencing among their strengthening them economically and is not possible with the Peiping regime. own people. diplomatically. Our trade would not be with businessmen I do not believe that we can liberalize Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will of China-it would be with the regime. our trade with Red China without even the Senator yield? As Secretary Dulles says : tually-and perhaps much sooner than Mr. POTTER. I yield. Trade with Communist China is not a free would seem possible today-recognizing Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator re trade. It does not provide one country with Red China as the government of China calls, does he not, that there were a good what its people want, but cannot well pro in the United Nations, and according many people, including some of our duce for themselves, in exchange for what that regime diplomatic recognition here. other people want, but cannot well produce Trade would be the first step. Are we allies, who, prior to World War II in for themselves. Trade with Communist Europe felt that they could do business China is wholly controlled by an official ap in a position now to say to the anti with Hitler; and in doing business with paratus and its limited amounts of foreign communist peoples of Asia,· "We are him, they strengthened his warmaking exchange are used to develop as rapidly as selling down the river the National Chi potential to the point .where he overran possible a formidable military establishment nese Government"? and a hea.vy industry t o support it. Are we ready to say to the people of most of Europe, and he and his allies Vietnam, the people of South Korea, or overran a good deal of the Pacific. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will even our friends in the Philippines, that Mr. POTTER. Yes. History is re the Senator further yield? we are not too serious about commu plete with examples which show that, by Mr. POTIER. I yield. nism, that we consider it only a bugaboo, means of trade, we helped to build up the Mr. KNOWLAND. Does not the Sen and that we are ready to appease the economic strength ·of a tyrant, who ator also believe that, once the trade in Communists by trading with them? abused the economic well-being which we strategic materials was established, in HQW are the people of the Free World helped to develop by turning against us. addition to bolstering the warmaking to maintain a strong anti-Communist The same result would ensue in this case. potential of Communist China, with the posture in every critical area of the 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10899 world if they see the great United States munist China would eventually wind up ward a first-step agreement between the trying to liberalize her trade with Red as a member of the Security Council of West and the Soviet Union. China? the United Nations. There it could have The United States suggestion of a 10- Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will a backscratching arrangement with the month suspension of tests of nuclear the Senator yield further? Soviet Union. One nation could become weapons, joined with a cessation of the Mr. POTTER. I gladly yield. involved, and the other nation could re production of fissionable material, pro Mr. KNOWLAND. I believe that the main innocent and in that way protect vides a practicable basis for a first-step sequence of events which the Senator its partner. It is a point we should con agreement, especially when v.iewed in the has mentioned is certainly a very great sider before we permit this first effort, light of Soviet acceptance of the require possibility. It may not be a probability, this first link in the chain reaction, to ment for scientific inspection posts to de but certainly it bears upon the chain of take place. I am sure that would happen. tect and control the nuclear testing. events which would occur; namely, trade; Mr. President, I think it would develop No disarmament agreement at what then appeals for setting up economic that the expected benefits from trade ever stage of the proceedings, however missions; then appeals for setting up with Communist China are illusions and limited, will be free of risks. But I sug diplomatic missions; then recognition at best they would be extremely transi gest that the delegations of the United by the Government of the United States; tory. The rich China market is largely States and the other Western Powers then ·appeals for admission to the United a myth used for pro-Communist propa have demonstrated an accurate assess Nations. ganda. Foreign trade in Communist ment of the risks and the alternative Mr. POTTER. The nose would be un China is a state monopoly and it is used the continued danger of nuclear war der the tent. as a m:ajor political instrument, not for and have recognized the overriding bene Mr. KNOWLAND. The camel's nose mutual benefits. fits of a first-step agreement. would be under the tent flap. However, Under any circumstances, do we want In recent weeks, extensive criticism when we come to consider that point, to trade with Communist China as long has been directed at the administration it is not merely the admission of another as the Peiping regime is in power? for its purported failure to take the ini country, albeit Communist, to me~er Can we so quickly forget Korea? Can tiative in offering constructive proposals ship in an organization now comprised we so quickly forget our firm resolutions toward disarmament. of 80 members, which would in itself be against the admission of Communist I recall that I discussed this question not so serious-although I believe it China to the United Nations? The with the Senator from Montana [Mr. would not be wise-but, because of the American people have not forgotten the MANSFIELD] in connection with a very nature of the Charter of the United Na treatment of American prisoners by able speech made by him on this subject tions, in accordance with which China Communist China, nor have they for on June 1 7 of this year. is regarded as a charter member, and is gotten that American prisoners still are a member of the Security Council, the held illegally by Communist China. I suggest today that the developments admission of Communist China would Mr. President, Communist China is an in London yesterday have demonstrated mean the expulsion of free China. That outlaw nation because of her past ac clearly that this administration has in would mean that Communist China tions. Her aims for world conquest, just deed taken the initiative in advancing would be a member of the Security as those of the Soviet Union, have not serious, constructive proposals before the Disarmament Committee; that our Council. changed in the slightest degree. I am Government is not seeking an "all or Once Red China gets on the Security convinced that to embark on trade with nothing at all'' agreement; but is, on the Council, it means a very fundamental Red China would be to help her and the contrary, patiently seeking agreement constitutional change in the organiza Soviet Union obtain their objectives. on workable, step-by-step approaches to tion of the United Nations. I refer to How could we possibly be so foolish and world disarmament. article 20, paragraph 3, which reads as inconsistent? follows: Mr. President, I have touched briefly The proposal of the United States, if accepted, will represent a partial accept Decisions of the Security Council on all on this serious subject of such impor other matters shall be made by an affirmative tance to our country and it is my inten ance, at least with respect to nuclear vote of seven members, including the con tion to pursue it more thoroughly at ap tests, of the principle of inspection, the curring votes of the permanent members: propriate times in the future. base of all United States disarmament Provided, That in decisions under chapter VI proposals; and second, will assure the and under paragraph 3 of article 52 a party substance, rather than the form, of dis to a dispute shall abstain from voting. armament by insisting that any suspen LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM Let us consider that an act of aggres sion of nuclear tests shall be tied to sion might be committed by the Soviet Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, as I further agreement to control the pro Union. An appeal could be made under understand, the pending business before duction of nuclear weapons and fission that section that the Soviet Union was the Senate is Calendar No. 488, S. 1730, able material. It is an effort to secure not entitled to exercise its veto power to implement a treaty and agreement the substance of disarmament, rather because it was a party to a dispute. That with the Republic of Panama. than the appearance. parliamentary situation could then be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I think no one will disagree with the thrashed out. However, once Commu Senator is correct. statement that a guaranteed disarma nist China was made a member of the Mr. MANSFIELD. For the informa ment agreement would be the most im Security Council, Communist China tion of the Senate, it is the hope of the portant achievement of our time. With could say, in effect, to the Soviet Union, leadership that the Senate will con such a goal before us, and with definite "If you commit an act of aggression, and sider not only that bill on Monday, but steps and initiative having been taken, if you are challenged under this provi also, conditions permitting, Calendar No. I urge that Congress and the American sion of the charter, you may abstain from 547, S. 2406, to authorize the construc people support the President, the Sec voting, and we will exercise the veto for tion of certain works of improvement in retary of State, and Mr. Stassen in their you." the Niagara River for power and other efforts. That would change the whole concept purposes; and Calendar No. 584, s. 1869, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will and destroy the last opportunity we to amend the Tennessee Valley Authority the Senator yield? would have of overcoming a Soviet Act. Mr. COOPER. I yield. veto in the face of an aggression com Mr. MANSFIELD. I may say to my mitted by it. good friend, the Senator from Kentucky, In other words, the Soviet Union could DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS AT for whom I have the greatest respect and scratch Red China's back and Red China LONDON admiration, that earlier today, on the could scratch the Soviet Union's back. Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, the pro f!.oor, I commended the administration Mr. POTTER. Mr. President, I thank posal yesterday of the United States, the for showing the initiative it did in sug the Senator for his observation. In United Kingdom, Canada, and France to gesting a proposal which could lead to other words, as I understand the Sen the Soviet Union represents a most en ward disarmament, both in the testing ator's statement, if this chain of events couraging development in the current and the manufacturing of nuclear should be allowed to get under way, Com- disarmament negotiations at London to- weapons. 10900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 3 I expressed the hope today, however, as applying lime, rock phosphate, and gyp- fairness which impels the distinguished I did a week or so ago, that the proposal sum to their fields. minority leader to make the statement was not being submitted on an all-or This has been one of the most im- which he has just made to the Senate. nothing, take-it-or-leave-it basis, be portant contributions of our soil conser- ' It would have been expecting too cause I felt that even if our proposal, for vation work up to this time. In 1955, much, of course, to hope that this cup which I think the administration should 15 million tons of lime were applied un- would not be pressed to our lips. But be commended, is rejected by the Soviet der the ACP program. Hundreds of it is consistent with the spirit of fair Union, then we ought to try the next step, thousands of small farmers have greatly ness which the Senator from California even though it is a small one, and we benefitted from this practice, which in always displays to advise us as to the ought to keep on trying to work out some a great many areas is fundamental to time and the manner in which we will thing in the way of a disarmament agree maintaining and improving soil fertility be expected to drink this potion. I ap ment which would be beneficial to the and productivity. Between 1936 and preciate his fairness and can assure him peoples of both countries and of the 1955, 348 million tons of lime were used that some of us will be on the floor at whole world. in this way. As my colleagues know, that time on Monday to discuss the Mr. COOPER. I am sorry I did not every soil test first establishes the acidity motion. hear the earlier statement of the dis of the soil in order to determine how Mr. KNOWLAND. I appreciate the tinguished Senator from Montana. I much lime may be needed to sweeten ti:ie statement made by the distinguished know that his interest has been to secure earth so that the farmer's crops will Senator from Georgia. There is no some kind of first step toward disarm flourish. Member of the Senate who is more re- ament. l would be very much concerned if spected, on both sides of the aisle than Mr. MANSFIELD. I always appreci the Department were to eliminate or is the Senator from Georgia. ' ate what the distinguished Senator from seriously limit this practice, which means I am very hopeful that after a reason Kentucky has to say, because I have so much to so many small farmers. In able consideration of the motion to take great admiration for him. I am fully 1955, 51,290 Kentucky farmers partici- up the bill we may have the measure aware of his objectivity and fairminded pated in. the cost-sharing agricultural actually before the Senate, so that as a ness. conservation programs. K~ntucky farin:- deliberative legislative body we can con.:. Mr. COOPER. I value the Senator's ers used 1,215,000 tons of lime ~nder this sider the merits or, as the Senator from statement. I have believed, as have program that year. They paid 32 per- Georgia might put it, the lack of merits many others, that this administration, cent of the cost, or about $1.59 a ton. of the particular bill. We might con including the Secretary of State and Kent~cky's share ?f the $32. million cost sider amendments which would be pro Mr. Stassen, have been patiently work of this conservation _practice .was ~1.- posed from both sides of the aisle. We ing to find some approach, some first 937,000. For all mmerals, mcludmg might be able to debate them and the step, toward disarmament. I have felt liI?~· it was $3,203,000. No less than 7 % great constitutional questions and legal that it was not an all-or-nothing pro mill10n a~res of Kentucky farmla~d were problems which are involved, together posal which was made by the administra enrolled m. ACP a?proved practices. I with the many other questions which are tion. am sure this practice has been followed of concern to the senate widely in other States. It is one of the As a personal observ~tion, I may say most helpful of our farm programs for that I believe the predominant feeling AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITTEE the sm~ll farmer, who may not benefit in the Senate is that the membership ON BANKING AND CURRENCY proportionately from many of our other does not have closed minds on the sub 'TO SUBMIT A REPORT DURING farm programs. . ject. I think Senators are prepared to ADJOURNMENT - SUPPLEl\A:ENTAL . Amon~ the other cost-shan~g prac- listen to, to discuss, and ultimately to VIEWS t~ces which I understand are bemg ~'!es - pass judgment upon the various sugges Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ~10ned at D-1, D-2, ~nd D-3-estabnsh- tions which may be made. I think it is ask unanimous consent that the Com-· mg cov~r crops for "'.mter or for summer fitting and proper that the Senate should mittee on Banking and Currency be per protect10n from ero~10n,_ or fo; green ma- proceed in that way. mitted to file a report extending the nure. Thes.e are a.so impo .. tant. . I merely seek, at a reasonably early Small Business Administration follow In approving ti:ie 1958 program, w~1ch date, to have the proposed legislation ing the adjournment of the Senate to may take place m a few days, possibly actually before the Senate, so that the day or on Friday, next. as ~oon as Congress ~n~lly approves the arguments of the distinguished Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without agncultural ap:p_rop~iat1on bill. I_ hope from Georgia, his colleagues, and others objection, it is so ordered. the Secretary will give every co1:1sider~- who are interested may be presented to tion _to the value of the~e ~ract1ces and the Senate. Then we may decide the Mr. MANSFIELD. I also ask unani the importance of contmumg them. basic questions of policy and the consti- mous consent that the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. F'uLBRIGHT], or any other tutional problems which are involved. I may say to the Senator from Georgia member of the Committee on Banking ANNOUNCEMENT RELATIVE TO and Currency be permitted to file sup that, as one Membei· of the Senate, I plemental views following the adjourn CIVIL-RIGHTS BILL snall listen to the arguments with an. ment of the Senate today or on Frida'y, Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, open mind and try to seek what I think next. while the distinguished Senator from and hope will be an equitable solution The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Georgia and the distinguished acting for all sections of the country. objection, it is so ordered. majority leader are in the Chamber, and Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I like in conformity with previous statements wise wish to thank the distinguished which have been made on the floor that Senator from California for his state ment. COST SHARING PRACTICES UNDER no procedure would .be taken in the Sen ate until Monday, July 8, relative to the At this time I am not prepared to fix AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION proposed civil-rights legislation, I feel any specific time when any specific PROGRAM it is only fair to the Senate, especially action will be taken on the bill. One who Mr. COOPER. . Mr. President, I have to the distinguished Senator from is in a minority, at least as to the overall just learned that the Department of Georgia and other Senators who are in aspects of this measure, must of neces Agriculture is considering eliminating or terested, on both sides of the question, sity deal with the facts as they are pre changing several of the cost-sharing to state that it will be my intention on sented, and must take action or decline practices under the agricultural conser Monday next, following the morning to take action as the circumstances dic vation program. I am particularly con hour, and when the unfinished business tate. cerned about practice A-4, entitled "Ini has been laid before the Senate, to move However, I can assure the distin tial Treatment of Farmland To Permit that the Senate proceed to the consid guished Senator from California that, the Use of Legumes and Grasses for Soil eration of the civil-rights bill which is so far as the early discussion of the bill Improvement and Protection." This is now on the Senate calendar. is concerned, on the motion to proceed the practice under which the Govern Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I ap to its consideration, the speeches will be ment shares with farmers the cost of preciate the candor and the spirit of of no greater length than those ordi- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10901 narily made on the :floor of the Senate, in The following-named persons for appoint (This nomination 1s submitted for the order to make a record of the position of ment as Foreign Service officers of class 6, purpose of correcting an error in the nomi~ those who oppose the bill. Different vice consuls of career, and secretaries in nation as submitted to the Senate on May the diplomatic service of the United States 23, 1957, and confirmed by the Senate on Senators will address themselves at not June 3, 1957.) unusual length to different aspects of the of America: measure, in order that it may be clearly Miss Helene A. Batjer, of Nevada. The following-named Foreign Service re Miss Joan M. Clark, of New York. serve officers to be consuls of the United understood. Theodore T. Franzen, of New Jersey. I am grateful to the Senator from States of America: Grenfall L. Penhollow, of Nebraska. Keith E. Adamson, of Kansas. California for his statement. I must say J. Leopoldo Romero, of California. Robert T. Shaw, of Virginia. that from his side of the fence, it is an Alfred Schelp, of Missouri. eminently fair statement. Michael Smolik, of Oregon. The following-named Foreign Service re I hope that as the debate progresses in John Quincy White, of Minnesota. serve officers to be vice consuls of the United the Senate Chamber, we may arrive at The following-named persons for appoint States of America: some meeting of the minds, at least as ment as Foreign ~ervice officers of class Robert C. Pierson, Jr., of West Virginia. to the portions of the bill which I regard 8, vice ·consuls of career, and secretaries Graham D. Renner, of the District of Co as being most objectionable and most in the Diplomatic Service of the United lumbia. States of America: vicious; and that the time may come The following-named Foreign Service re when, after full and fair debate, the Madison M. Adams, Jr., of Florida. serve officers to be secretaries in the diplo Senate may proceed to vote on amend Dexter Anderson, of New Jersey. matic service of the United States of Stanley Baldinger, of Minnesota. America: ments to the bill. Edward C. Bittner, of Pennsylvania. Richard C. Blalock, of Oklahoma. Richard H. Dale, of the District of Co- lumbia. James ~- Briggs, of North Carolina. ADJOURNMENT TO FRIDAY Clive Chandler, of Washington. Grant A. Fielden, of Michigan. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, un Vincent J. Cherry of New York. Charles T. Katsainos, of Massachusetts. der the agreement previously entered, I Paul M. Cleveland, of Virginia. Harry A. Rositzke, of Virginia. William M. Clevenger, of New Jersey. Winston M. Scott, of Virginia. move that the Senate adjourn. Richard H. Webster, of Virginia. The motion was agreed to; and (at Raymond C. Collins, Jr., of New Jersey. 4 o'clock and 2 minutes p. m.) the Sen James F. Coovells, of California. SECURITIES AND ExCHANGE COMMISSION Miss Winifred Dana, of California. Edward N. Gadsby, of Massachusetts, to be ate adjourned, the adjournment being, Miss Claudette Ann Dartsch, of Illinois. a member of the Securities and Exchange under the order previously entered, to Robert E. Doran III, of New York. Commission for the remainder of the term Friday, July 5, 1957, at 12 o'clock merid Ernest A. Duff, of Virginia; expiring June 5, 1958, vice J. Sinclair Arm ian. Charles E. Duffy, of Iowa. strong, resigned. James M. Ealum, of Oklahoma. Miss Mary L. Eysenbach, of Connecticut. IN THE ARMY NOMINATIONS Charles E. Finan, of Washington. The following-named officers for appoint Executive nominations received by the Richard H. Flanagan, of Massachusetts. ment as chaplains in the Regular Army of Jay R. Goldberg, of New York. the United States, in the grades specified Senate July 3, 1957: John M. Gregory, Jr., of New York. under the provisions of Public Law 737, 84th DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Miss Ange Belle Hassinger, of Louisiana. Congress, subject to physical examination The following-named Foreign Service of Richard S. Hawley, of Michigan. required by law: ficers for promotion from class 1 to the class John P. Heimann, of Illinois. To be major of career minister: Sean M. Holly, of New York. Adams, Rowland Chrisler, 0317852. Cecil Wayne Gray, of Tennessee. John W. Holmes, of Massachusetts. Bartholomew, Lisle, 0406248. Herve J. L'Heureux, of New Hampshire. Harold E. Horan, of Texas. Betzold, John Wistar, 0928364. Henry E. Stebbins, of Massachusetts. Alton L. Jenkens, of Massachusetts. Fitzgerald, William Robert, 0543296. Walter N. Walmsley, Jr., of Maryland. Warren Mark Johnson, of California. Frain, Joseph Edward Xavier, 0931365. Peter E. Juge, of Louisiana. Reardon, David Morriss, 0502235. Avery F. Peterson, of Idaho, now a Foreign George L. Kinter, of New York. Service officer of class 1 and a secretary in Donald A. Kruse, of Pennsylvania. To be captain the diplomatic service, to be also a consul Robert Kurlander, of New York. Benner, Herman Nathaniel, 0552868. general of the United States of America: Gefell, Joseph Gerard, 0930921. · The following-named persons, now Foreign John J. LaMazza, of New York. Girard C. Lane, of New York. Griffin, Johnson Linwood, 0549048. Service officers of class 2 and secretaries in George Q. Lumsden, Jr., of New Jersey Hunt, Frederick Olen, Jr., 01101506. the diplomatic service, to be also consuls Krug, Clement Peter Joseph, 0522387. general of the United States of America: John D. McAlpine, of Illinois. Donald F. Meyers, of Wisconsin. Lam, Alfred P., 0434979. H. Francis Cunningham, Jr., of Nebraska. Herbert T. Mitchell, Jr., of North Carolina. McNally, Carl Patrick, 0997366. Leo G. Cyr, of Maine. John H. Moore, of Tennessee. To be first lieutenant Albert B. Franklin, of Massachusetts. Donald R. Morris, of New York. Brady, Lawrence Kennedy, 0997021. Williarµ L. Wight, Jr., of Virginia, now a Robert B. Oakley, of Louisiana. Cronin, Edward Thomas, 02269693. Foreign Service officer of class 3 and a secre Daniel A. O'Donohue, of Michigan. Hayes, James Raymond, 02272033. tary in the diplomatic service, to be also a Miss Martha Ann Orahood, of Ohio. Hulme, John Wesley, 02273307. consul general of the United States of Amer Sydney E. Paulson, of Michigan. ica. Gerald S. Plerce, of Oklahoma. The following-named officers for appoint .. Ernest J. Colantonio, of Massachusetts, for Dale M. Povenmire, of Ohio. ment in the Regular Army of the Unitr,1l appointment as a Foreign Service officer of Henry E. Powell, Jr., of Virginia. States, in the grades and corps specift&d, class 3, a consul, and a secretary in the dip Miss Rozanne L. Ridgway, of Minnesota. under the provisions of title 10, Unit@.:! lomatic service of the United States of Edward G. Ruoff, of Virginia. States Code, section 3311, and Public Law America. James Sartorius, of New Jersey. 737, 84th Congress, subject to physical ex Albert N. Abajian, of New York, for ap Leslie Andrew Scott, of New York. amination required by law: pointment as a Foreign Service officer of Robert S. Steven, Jr., of Rhode Island. To 1Je major class 4, a consul, and a secretary in the dip Louis A. Tananbaum, of Colorado, Brecht, Helen Frances, WAC, L705117. lomatic service of the United States of Thomas A. Thoreson, of Illinois. To be captain America. Ronald A. Webb, of California. Bates, Roy Leslie, MSC, 02055437. The following-named persons for appoint Kenneth D. Whitehead, of Utah. Thomas F. Wilson, of Michigan. Benke, Clyde Willard, MSC, 01686290. ment as Foreign Service officers of class 5, Berg, Frances, WAC, Ll020579. consuls, and secretaries in the diplomatic Edward C. Woltman, Jr., of Indiana. Michael van Breda Yohn, of Connecticut. Cooney, Henry Francis, MSC, 02049205. service of the United States of America: Knowlton, Homer Clay, MSC, 0967638. J. Fred Doyle, Jr., of Colorado. The following-named Foreign Service staff Roos, Phyllis, WAC, L803504. Arthur A. Hartman, of New Jersey. officers to be consuls of the United States Weatherall, Richard Thomas, MSC, Roswell M. Parrott, of New York. of America: 0454176. The following-named persons, now Foreign Leland C. Altaffer, of Ohio. Wolfe, Barbara Jane, WAC, L1010600. Service officers of class 6 and secretaries in William S. Harrington, of Florida. Wheeler, Leigh Franklin, Sr., MSC, the diplomatic service, to be also consuls of Albert W. Hennig, of Massachusetts. 01547204. the United States of America: Daniel J. Herget, of Maryland, a Foreign To be first lieutenant Henry E. Dumas, of California. Service staff officer to be a consul of the Allen, Julian Bernard, MSC, 01930091. E. Paul Taylor, of California. United States of America. Allen, Mary Frances, WAC, L1020152. 10902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 3 Alluisi, Earl Arthur, MSC, 0981206. Gardner, George Milton, 01102250. Brandt, Leo Max, 04003694. Borchardt, Kenneth Andrew, MSC, Gardner, Richard Marshall, 0423242. Brown, Herman Dale, 01880412. 02271115. Gertie, Raymond Joseph, 01020245, Browne, Robert Theodore, 01939487. Brissee, John Aldin, MSC, 04013501. Greksa, Paul, 01634825. Brownlee, Emory William, 04012851. Buell, Leonard Keith, MSC, 04019426. Grimland, Neal Gideon, 02007495. Brumley, William Booth, 02104789. Burris, Carshal Allen, Jr., MSC, 0999096. Hales, William McKinley, Jr., 0405742. Bryant, Deewitt Talmadge, Jr., 01879546. Fraser, Betty Rose, WAC, L1010401. Hardenbergh, Henry Hall, 0407498. Buchanan, Elton Eugene, 01935922. Gregory, Charles William, MSC, 01933649. Haynes, Thomas Edison, 0394443. Bukoski, James Richard, 01883283. Hatfield, Jimmy Lew, MSC, 04007039. Howland, Frederick Paul, 01321413. Burghardt, Charles Allen, 01937358. Jefferies, Vashti Valina, WAC, L1010594. Hutchison, Robert Franklin, 0445352. Campbell, Laurence Alexander, 04019615. Jones, Evan E., Jr., MSC, 04006608. Hutto, Charles Lee, 01950377. Carson, David Lee, 01940180. Piacitelli, John Daniel, MSC, 02270675. Rylander, Walter Raymond, Jr., 02274100. Cassidy, John James, 01925781. Thomas, Evan Thomas, MSC, 02271058. Jones, David Leland, 0468490. Chandler, Victor Earl, 01916342. Watson, Dorothy Lea, WAC, L1010364. Kavanaugh, Martin James, 01328704. Chaney, Otto Preston, Jr., 04012859. Welch, Billy Edward, MSC, 02274205. Knight, John Newton, 01339880. Childress, Gerald, 01892123. Williams, Mary Ruth, WAC, L1010743. Lynch, Eugene Michael, 02011622. Choat, Buddy Jack, 01879168. To be second lieutenant Maddox, William Johnston, Jr., 0549455. Cioffi, William George, 01936016. Maher, John Ralph, Jr., 01994472. Clapp, Max Albert, 01926323. Albright, Ruth Marie, WAC, L1010819. McElhenny, John Francis, 01997996. Clark, Allison Paul, 02264697. Allen, Turman Earl, Jr., MSC, 04043295. McKinney, John Bradley, 01639652. Clark, Donald Olson, 01939701. Beach, Douglas Johnstone, MSC, 02276857. Meadows, Byron Dunfee, 01058074. Cleghorn, Leonard Vincent, 01939447. Burns, Daniel Ellsworth, MSC, 04018121. Michau, Herbert John, 01299605. Clingempeel, William Donald, 01877421. Chapin, George Edgar, Jr., MSC, 01923139. Moore, Walter Nathaniel, Jr., 01176439. Cole, Raymond Franklin, 04012206. Chiei, Dante Antonio, MSC, 01924217. Morris, Edward Leroy, 0887897. Coleman, Edward Rolland, 04009131. Graff, Norman Howard, MSC, 01876444. Murphy, Daniel Joseph, 01645234. Conover, Robert Lloyd, 01882899. Green, Bruce Edward, MSC, 01937444. Musser, Robert Howard, 0386786. Cooper, Robert Gerald, 04011851. Hahn, Jerry Dean, MSC, 04025204. Norris, Charles Reed, 01559956. Coye, Roger Herbert, 01875526. Hunt, Kenneth Francis, MSC, 02279269. O'Brient, Lex Eugene, 01017420. Culver, James Volk, 02097680. Kelly, Peter Charles, MSC, 04033283. Parsons, Thomas Reed, 0964660. Cunha, Fredrick Robert, 04021253. Michael, Patricia Ann, WAC, L1010849. Patterson, Ja:rnes Henry, 01286698. Cunningham, Walter Douglas, 01939449. Musante, John Gustin, MSC, 02275942. Payne, Francis Edwin, 02033319. Currey, Charles Elmore, 01890399. · Paul, Hinton Groves, Jr., MSC, 04042948. Peck, James Mason, 01047288. Darivoff, Irvin, 04021290. Pitchford, Thomas Lew, MSC, 04031625. Prost, Louis Joseph, 01326110. Davis, Roger Herring, 01880973. Sato, Irving Shigeo, MSC, 04058417. Regn, Elmer Martin, 0453700. DeLorenzo, William Alfred, 01875875. Shippee, Audrey .Bancroft, WAC, L1010843. Reitan, Robert Vernon, 01167172. Deming, Roger McPetree, 04012297. Smith, Creed Delaney, MSC, 02284225. Riordan, Frank Joseph, Jr., 0465451. Dismore, William Elvin, Jr., 02104527. Stoltz, Richard Byford, MSC, 01920432. Robinson, Ralph Charles, 02033273. Dixon, John Burton, 01880384. Viering, Lois Shulder, WAC, L1010855. Roth, Theodore Robert, 01050063. Dobbs, Frederick Herbert, 01938661. Wait, Wayne Perry, MSC, 04018270. Sacra, Sam Warren, 01020500. Doby, Robert Floyd, 01940485. The following-named officers for appoint Schira, Pedro Ivan, 02280089. Dodds, Charles Frost, 04009602. ment in the Regular Army of the United Scoggins, Ruel Prentis, 01823947. Downey, Allan Norton, 01889275. States in the grades specified, under the pro Sills, Gerald Herbert, 0444780. Doyle, David Kyte, 01930803. visions of Public Law 737, 84th Congress, Smith, Chester Ray, 01577859. Doyle, William Patrick, 04004262. subject to physical examination required by Stevenson, Leland Lewis, 01597289. Echols, Herald-Vincent, 01915978. law: Tate, Roy Askew, 0376759. Edmonds, Maurice Owen, 04011567. To be major Taylor, Porcher Lengle, Jr., 02205742. Eldred, Marshall Stuart, 02269737. Bremer, Ernest Kern, 0379612. Taylor, Raleigh Ogle, 01324961. Elliott, Richard Lorne, 04002778. Carlan, Ulysses Grant, 0378949. Thomas, James Dudley, 01053108. Ellis, Donald Douglas, 01890113. Ferriter, Richard Herrick, 01283397. Tobiason, Orville LeRoy, 01172694. Ellis, William Thomas, 01883679. Gardner, Hamilton Bonnett, 01644352. Turner, Leo Dalton, 01336572. Estep, Glenn Richter, 01933308. Greer, Henry Bryan, 0377192. Vohs, Ralph Herman, 01313002. Eyman, Robert Franklin, 01889548. Jackson, Robert James, 01822010. Walker, John Wilbur, 0460495. Falk, Dale Robert, 0998042. Kenworthy, Max Ronald, 0373063. Walsh, Joseph Anthony, 01950060. Fenech, Paul Michael, 01915511. Rigg, Robert Benjamin, 0405863. Webb, George Kenneth, 0535946. Ferguson, James Harrison, 04000576. Schlotzhauer, Walter Scott, Jr., 0328531. Western, George Edwin, 01017861. Field, Nathaniel Armstrong, Jr., 01931542. Smee, James Coleman, 0363665. Whitlock, Harold Sherrod, 0976941. Fincham, Jack Emertt, 01892130. Warren, Robert Eugene, 0333975. Whittier, Harold Walter, 01995537. Fischer, Arthur Frank, 01926031. Wignall, Kenneth Knowles, 0375999. To be first lieutenant Fischer, Richard Leo, 01890607. Fisher, Clyde, Jr., 01929398. Abercrombie, Edward Lee, 04011954. To be captain Forbes, Barney Hubbard, 04023505. Adams, Basil Royden, Jr., 01875706. Forbes, Stanley Ray, 01872995. Anderson, Ellis Franklin, 01636920. Adessa, Anthony John, 04012222. Bailey, Gordon Woodrow, 0397245. Fowler, Thomas Ross, 04023506. Allen, Leverne Elwood, 01925625. Francis, Phillip Meyrick, 0403322. Barker, Irving Oscar, 01317138. Alvey, Everett Lynn, 02021302. Franklin, Charles Dale, 01930282. Barnhill, Gervase Lindsay, 0387901. Anderson, George Brool{S, 04019152. Benson, James William, 0439819. Franklin, James Albert, 02004749. Andrew, Donald George, 01930610. Gabardi, David Lee, 01877598. Brouse, Marion Dale, 0947629. Back, Arthur Ryan, 04013349. Cadenhead, Charles Robert, 0829159. Gernon, Thomas Elmo, 3d, 01939983. Baddaker, William Lawrence, 04001392. Cahill, George Thomas, Jr., 01323662. Gillespie, John William, 0984553. Bailey, Ronald Owen, 04016368. Calenberg, Harry Douglas, 02017806. Good, James Arthur, 04002109. Baker, James Goodwin, Jr., 02097684. Calhoun, James Robert, 0571173. Green, Albert Francis, 01925061. Ballard, Graydon Lee, Jr., 01930262. Cash, Carl Vernon, 0588944. Green, William Thomas, 04009352. Bamford, Charles Frank, 2d, 01927575. Chapin, Russell Dorsey, 01281354. Gregerson, William Edward, 04019599. Barton, Jack Lewis, 04001558. Cheatham, .!esse Richard, 0413226. Griffith, Joseph Kenneth, 02263002. Beatty, Robert Dunn, 01893132. Chrzanowski, John Joseph, 02033277. Gustaveson, Melburn Le Roy, 02211960. Beckwith, Charlie Alvin, 01886972. Cook, William Byron, Jr., 01280709. _Gutschenritter, Earl John, 01925919. Bell, Frederick Dawson, Jr., 04000434. Copeland, Edward Allen, 01638913. Hall, Harry Edward, 01929786: Bell, Wiley Wayne, 01915871. Dale, John Harbert, 0422631. Haller, Douglas Leon, 04002586. Bennett, Raymond Gordon, 0995614. Daskevich, Anthony Frank, 01692601. Hancock, Jack Logan, 01877609. Del Mar, Henry Richard, 01305553. Bilderback, Gerald Wayne, 04009396. Black, James Ansel, Jr., 04012973. Hannum, David Bentley, Jr., 04009756. Diaz, Victor Fernandez, 01341081. Harmon, Tommy Jay, 01881099. Dieleman, William Kearns, 02055141. Bole, Albert Cleaver, Jr., 01875493. Bollinger, Walter William, 01892227. Harrer, Lee John, 01888168. Diggs, Jack Franklin, 01173217. Haswell, Peter Russell, 04019937. Doeppner, Thomas Walter, 01651813. Bonomo, Reno Joseph, 01939952. Donahue, James J., Jr., 01169084. Borzumato, Paul Lawrence, 01875331. Hathaway, Warren Arthur, 04014980. Dye, Harold Anthony, 0391324. Bowden, John Charles, Jr., 01916167. Heiss, Richard Walter, 01883768. Ellett, Charles Crittendon, 02035304. Boyd, David Theo, 04023722. Hellmuth, Harry Edward, Jr., 04016482. Ellis, Richard Edward, 01104143. Boyle, Dennis Mathew, 04023425. Hertel, Robert Gene, 01926276. Emerson, John Emory, Jr., 01289711. Brady, James Pope, 04012904. Hibbs, Joseph Guy, 01889291. Flmiani, Joseph Charles, 01043941. Branch, William Edgar; 04013356. Hillman, John Kenneth, 01884032. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10903 I Holihen, Joseph Markham, 01890025. Murphy, Alvin Frank, 04009425. van Sickle, James Patrick, 04-006172. Howard, William Clarke, 02262442. Murray, Roger, Jr., 04003478. Visscher, Robert Edmund, 04013474. Hutchins, Charles Franklin, 01862153. Mustain, James Clarence, 01940316. Wallace, John Claud, Jr., 01894059. Hyde, Darwin Spencer, 01889426. Nabell, Eugene Victor, 02204840. Walton, Ben Lee, 04009538. Janssen, Ario Dean, 01881148. Neff, Owen Bates, 01916189. Weathersby, Russell Allison, 04011839. Jeffers, Sam Eve, Jr., 01939461. Negris, Rocco, 04014823. Weinstein, Kenneth, 04015195. Jensen, William Charles, 01893888. Niemann, Thomas Eugene, 04007067. Wells, Don Russell, 01928646. Johnson, Joseph Edward, 01891422. Nolet, Robert Adelard, 01937784. Westall, Bynum Porter, 02263768. Jones, Charles Lee, 01887474. Norcross, John Cleo, 01879483. Westmoreland, Richard Lee, 01887366. Jones, Charles Roy, 04003789. Nunn, Thomas Calvin, 01916053. Williams, Thomas Paul, 04023758. Jones, Richard Allen, 04014074. Odekirk, Carl John, 02102185. Willmann, William James, 01939480. Jones, Thomas Michael, 01888140. Oliver, Henry McCarty, 04003652. Wilson, Robert Drake, 04015644. Judge, Richard Francis, 01894134. Partridge, Charles Cater, 04023837. Wilson, Walter C., Jr., 01881998. Kavanaugh, William Walstrum, Jr. Passano, John Dyer, 01935365. Witt, John Richard, 01929567. 04003274. Perry, Richard Arlen, 01880358. Wong, Alfred Mun Kong, 01930631. Keiler, Theodore Reeve, 01927978. Peters, Billy, 04024040. Wordal, Clifford Milton, 01889336. Kelly, Clifford Brian, 01940269. Peters, Perry Earl 01888866. Young, Robert Lewis, 01880914. Kent, John Forrest, 04015550. Petterson, Charles William, 01933338. Ziek, Thomas George, 01935316. Phillips, J~mes Vester, 02265085. Kirkland, Faris Russell, 04020664. To be second lieutenant Kitchin, James William, 01885821. Phillips, Ted Nathaniel, 04011659. Klingenfus, Emil John 01929416. Pledger, Walter Robert, 01938640. Adair, Billy Roy, 01940831. Klippel, Kenneth Leroy, 04019032. Poel, David Jay, 04015929. Adams, Bruce Eugene, 04041039. Kniffin, Arnold Dean, 01880086. Pope, William Aubry, 04019822. Ainsworth, Willie James, 04025051. Kobata, Katsuji, 01927750. Potter, Russell Calvin, 01883708. Allen, Wilbur Roper, 04044606. Koehler, William Frederick, 04002030. Power, Arthur Vincent, 01341364. Almy, Donald Chester, 04039235. Kros, William John, Jr., 01929754. Prevatt, Richard Montgomery, Jr. 01887328. Anderson, Bruce David, 04029644. Krueger, William Henri, 01930311. Price, Francis Kingsley, Jr., 04005929. Anderson, John Alfred, 04029634. Kwasigroch, John Frank, 01888891. Proctor, Lawrence Bert, Jr., 04012663. Anderson, Lee Earl, 04010640. Lacy, James Frederick, 04012389. Prokopowich, Lucien Rufi.an, 04015155. Anderson, Richard Leon, 04018516. Lambert, Richard Thomas, 04004098. Pugh, Hilton Edward, 01887509. Andrews, Donald George, 04029127. Lander, Robert Benjamin, 02028716. Pugliese, Nicholas Rudolph, 01938490. Arciero, Robert Gaetano, 04038246. Lanier, Albert Barnes, Jr., 04012514. Pursell, Alfred Burton, 01938662. Austin, Kenneth Blaine, 04026902. Lanphere, Robert Francis, 04017025. Quast, Lorus Lamar, 01889407. Awtery, Sherry Eugene, 04023707. Larsen, John William, 01929914. Radke, Galen Wayne, 04005716. Axnix, Eugene Joseph, 04029863, Lawson, James Christopher, 01937379. Ragano, Frank Paul, 01690985. Baeten, Harold John, 04041575. Lax, Joseph Oppenheim, Jr., 04013010. Ramos, Domingo, 01886121. Bailey, George Arthur, 04039392. Layne, Leslie Alexander, 01926889. Ramsey, LeRoy Springs, Jr., 01887331. Bailey, William Robert, Jr., 04031804. Leathers, Billy Joe, 04023374. Ray, William Eugene, 01934962. Bails, James Robert, 04041788. Le Clair, William James, 04017062. Reum, James LeRoy, 01930662. Baker, Jack Eugene, 01930261. Ledford, William Valentine, 04005968. Rhodes, Cephus Syrason, 01890951. Bare, Frank Lee, 04040469. Lees, Robert Edward, 04014815. Rhodes, Robert Howard, 02004672. Barge, Beverly Lake, 04063185. Leese, Donald Albert, 04000978. Richards, Howard Charles, 04019865. Barkate, Joseph George, 01941120. Leland, David Paul, 04015551. Richardson, Ronald Ray, 01888261. Bausler, Donald Ray, 04010345. Lewis, John Potter, 04006671. Ridgway, John Joseph, Jr., 04009215. Berg, Roland Elliott, 04030035. Light, Allen H., Jr., 01933629. Robbins, William Curtis, 02003844. Berschauer, Walter L., 04050385. Lindsey, .Tommy Gene, 01879638. Rogers, Clare Roy John, 04020629. Bjorn, Edward Douglas, 04030881. Lodge, Thomas Carroll, 01926067. Rothwell, John Cowell, 01887668. Blake, Richard James, 04010500. Lowe, Orin Hewitt, 04014983. Routh, Harry Mourice, 04002240. Blow, James Lee, 04058977. Lowery, Carlton Merle, 04014984. Saltus, William Thomas, 04003585. Boling, Douglas Lowell, 04016523. Lucas, Warren Jacob, 01935053. Sanders, Bobby Lee, 04021211. Bowden, Robert Cecil, 04042954. Ludwig, Donald Joseph, 04020799. Sandstrom, Theodore Frederick, Jr., Bowdoin, William Ralph, Jr., 04024508. Luepnitz, Carl 4dolph, 04015783. 04002901. Bozyrnski, Valentine Walter, 04000961. Maga, Fred Dominic, 01940733. Schiffman, Donald Bernard, 01937135. Bracewell, Roland Allen, 04034150. Mal1_9, Harry Richard, 04002606. Schneider, George John, 04020601. Bradberry, William N., Jr., 04033535. Mallonee, John Brice, Jr., 04009709. Schweitzer, Robert Laurence, 02266455. Bradbury, William Delph, Jr., 04023784. Malmgren, Alfred Charles, 01888093. Segrest, William D., 04005847. Bradford, James Carrow, 04031672. Mann, Everett Edward, 01889498. Sewell, William Pierce, 04011979. Bramlett, James Timothy, 04029472. Marker, Robert Herman, 01928093. Shay, Patrick Earl, 01879875. Brandon, Claude Eugene, 04041977. Martellini, Carmen Richard, 04015555. Shellenbaum, Glen Earl, 01883293. Brandt, Ronald Stirling, 04057027. Matthews, Paul Doran, Jr., 02208036. Shields, George Duncan, 04019513. Brennan, Willlam Bernard, 02276217. Mays, George Glover, 01879801. Shields, Maynard Earl, 01887338. Brown, Arnold Kaywood, Jr., 04053454. Mcclean, Raymond Ja:.nes, 02104429. Simmons, John Edwards, 01875409. Browning, Robert Abner, 04018181. McCrea, J. Hollis Victor, Jr., 04019440. Sims, Roy Donald, 04001284. Bruder, Robert Willard, 04029734. McDonald, Gerald Lee, 01939324. Skanchy, Rex Karren, 01927333. Bryan, Thomas Francis, 01887398. McGahee, Mack Milo, 01886933. Slater, Burt Evans, 04006643. Buchanan, Paul Joseph, 04041931. McGarity, John Floyd, 04023806. Smith, Albert Joseph, 01881075. Bunyard, Jerry Max, 01941318. McGee, Charles Franklin, 01885716. Smith, George Ellis, 04009586. Burckes, Melvin Stearns, 04028817. McGinn, Harry Laurance, 01889651. Snyder, Clinton Willis, 04000339. Burkard, Danny Joseph, 04024723. Mciver, James Clarence, 01888942. Somers, Charles Edwin, Jr., 01703721. Burke, Thomas Benjamin, 01940874. McMahon, John Francis, 01890346. Spang, Allan Gordon, 01876217. Burns, Harris, Jr., 04028714. McNally, John William, 01935372. Sperow, Charles Conrad, 01889880. Burt, Woodruff Arthur, 04057144. McTigue, Donald Hugh, 04006215. Spilker, Wayne Eugene, 01887687. Bush, Charles Edward, 02105117. Michael, Lloyd Donald, 04005128. Spradlin, Glenn Doyne, 01939514. Caine, Thomas William, 04028982. Miller, Clarence Allen, Jr., 01915281. Stanton, Martin Paul, 04009788. Caldart, Donald Edward, 04018417. Miller, George Franklin, 04020908. Staum, Vernon Eldeen, 02104816. Callaway, Charles Patrick, 04043148. Miller, Glen Robert, 04019098. Stephenson, Lamar Voyles, 01880833. Cameron, Duane Greer, 04032552. Miller, Harvey Fisher, 01939465. Stewart, Dennie William, Jr., 04001536. Cameron, Frank Norman, 04051454. Miller, Kenneth Merrill, 04003186. Story, Billy Lorenza, 04011700. Campbell, Frank Donald, 04044414. Modica, Donald, 04002486. Stromgren, Kenneth Gustave, 01876054. Campbell, Robert James, 02282540. Moeller, Selmer Eugene, 02264561. Strouse, William Richard, 02104223. Caprio, Daniel William, 04042789. Monroe, Charles Arthur, 04000681. Sullivant, Harold Truett, 01886149. Cardwell, Kenneth Edward, 04027730. Mooney, Harley Floyd, Jr., 01341181. Swisher, Robert Keim, 02210252. Carlson, Gustaf Raymond, 04016230. Moran, Conrad Vincent, 01875970. Thorpe, John Clifton, 04009729. Carpenter, Herbert D., 04042005. Morrill, George Henry, 04016181. Tonsager, James Richard, 01940290. Carpenter, Jake Allen, 04049788. Morris, Robert William, 02210607. Treece, Frank LaRue, 01936733. Carroll, George Francis, Jr., 04010576• • Moss, Robert Eugene, 02104613. Troutman, Gregory Lee, 04011665. Casson, John Cotterell, 01874998. Moulthrop, Robert Moss, 02097523. Tucker, Charles Eugene, 01939601. Caswell, Philip Preston, 04038532. Munn, Frank Oldham, 04006037. Turnage, Preston Bryon, Jr., 01936945. Cathcart, James Elton, 04044621. Munn, William Richard, 04020976. Underhill, Victor Sherwood, Jr., 04021156. Chapin, Gordon Richard, 04030271. 10904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 3. Chick, Robert Lamont, 04060055. Gibbs, Frank James, 04029542. Jones, Robert Edwin, 04035189. Chillcott, Dewey Arthur, Jr., 04035966. Giggey, Robert Lincoln, 04052689. Jordon, Horace Edward, 04004363. Chisolm, Patrick Donald, Jr., 04058559. G1lliam, John Joseph, 04050509. Justiss, Robert Earl, 01941132. Cholak, Barry Stanley, 04048627. Gminder, Russell, 0998868. Kanamine, Theodore Shigeru, 04017608. Christenson, John Martin, 04010333. Goldberg, Daniel John, 04027693. Keane, John Richard, 04003025. Cipriano, Alexander William, 04037856. Gontarski, Joseph Walter, 04038720. Keasbey, Robert Bruce, 04050126. Clark, William Lee, 04028156. Gorey, Paul John, 04038251. Keeling, Edgar R., Jr., 04024497. Clarke, Gordon Howe, 04027130. Gosney, Robert Russell, 04024422. Kelley, Victor Bruce, 02207572. Click, Edwin Francis, 04031733. Gould, James Louis, 04049806. Kelly, Edward John, 3d, 04032389. Cline, Ellis Franklin, 04035500. Graham, Richard William, 04032038. Kelly, Thomas Lee, 04025959. Closs, William Roorebach, 04027845. Graham, Robert Lester, 04010971. Kelly, William Hyland, 04044179, Cloutier, Joseph Arthur, Jr., 04037482. Grant, Gordon Ellis, 04041394. Kennedy, Billie Joe, 04041758. Coast, Albert Frank, 04026212. Grant, John Clark, 04037440. Kennedy, Bruce, 04019948. Coker, Walter Richard, 04058731. Gray, Donald Alva, 04010649. Kennedy, Ralph Pollock, Jr., 04045543. Cole, Donald Joe, 04040400. Green, Donald James, 04018116. Key, James Leslie, 04025450. Collins, Billy Charles, 04045250. Grens, Walter Brown, 04027633. Keyes, William G., 04037109. Colson, Keith Quentin, 04017587. Gugel, Donald Neil, 02104724. Kiefer, Paul Ellsworth, 04050510. Comer, Winston Lee, 04048422. Gunsell, Richard Myron, 04056737. King, Robert Thomas, 04036675. Conc1lla, Joseph Anthony, 04004427. Haendle, Karl Victor, 04044639. King, Roberct Cotton, 04040917. Conlin, Leonard Morgan, 04052412. Hair, Eddy Ra, 04037355. Kinz, Richard Allen, 04027618. Cooley, Edward Eugene, 04009975. Hally, John Edward, Jr., 04039084. Knapp, John Williams, 04032503. Coon, David Perkins, 04034918. Hambrick, Jackson Westmoreland, Kolditz, Walter, 04010122. Cornell, Robert King, 01940853. 04045120. Konkle, Carl Henry, 04040448. Cosby, Lloyd Neale, 04035180. Hammond, Donald Paul, A4045189. Kraak, Charles Frederick, 04018048. Costine, Michel, 04017727. Hampel, Victor Hugo, 01940541. Krebs, James Max, 04009488. Courey, Charles Jerome, 04041513. Hanmer, Stephen Read, Jr., 04046853. Kyle, Norman Richard, 04045011. Cowart, William Franklin, 04044591. Harl, Neil Eugene, 04056539. Lampe, William James Richard, 04052912. Cowden, Carl, Jr., 04030724. Harms, Norman Dale, 01936112. Langa, John Matthew, 04050265. Crawford, William Roy, 04042749. Harper, Joshua Allen, Jr., 04032060. Lansdell, Jesse Willard, 04058870. Crawley, Paul Kimpleton, 04030893. Harris, Robert William, 04030583. Large, Ulysses S., Jr., 04044733. Creley, Thomas John, 04029857. Harrison, William Hardin, 04031230. Larson, Raymond Kent, 04029555. Crosby, Richard Dudley, Jr., 02282856. Hartrick, William Lee, 04037372. Lasker, Paul Edwin, 04027742. Dail, Robert Bourne, 04010947. Harvey, Philip Schuyler, Jr., 04051662. Lay, Gilbert Richard, 01939501. Dal Corobbo, Bruno Valentino, 04061384. Hawkins, John Owen, 04058927. Leckllder, Courtney Alan, 04056589. D'Amico, John Francis, 04037352. Heath, Edward Wyman, 04017951. Lee, Curtis Don, 04057802. Dareos, Pete John, 04048238. Heinsoo, Heino, 04030813. Lee, Quillon Curtis, Jr., 04028897. Darling, Allan Lewis, 04017839. Heiss, John Louis, 3d, 04009614. Leehane, Daniel Joseph, 04050365. Darrah, Robert Finley, 04040864. Henderson, James Morris, 04029412. Lewis, Richard Roland, 04050146. Davis, Dwight Andrew, 04037794. Herold, Ernest Joseph, 04010718. Libassi, Jerome Joseph, 04051852. DeWitt, William Weldon, 02021987. Hess, Carl Holmes, 04037061. Light, Thomas Mack, 04050131. Dadyo, John, 04015594. Hesse, Richard Paul, 04042038. Lindgren, Theodore Dean, 04056614. Demmons, William Herbert, 04027948. Heuschkel, Donald Gene, 04040382. Little, Robert Pierce, 04036678. Denton, Eugene Harold, 04042029. Highfill, James Kenneth, 04029816. Lloyd, Joseph Walker, 04040973. Devers, John Patrick, 04045220. Hilbert, Donald Eugene, 04029090. Lloyd, Luther Richard, 04029963. Dickinson, Willlam George, 04004325. Hilton, Maynard E., 04037443. Lockwood, Ronald Duane, 04041861. D111, Bobby Mendel, 04042877. Hinkin, Paul Edwin, 04040852. Loeffler, John Francis, 04010703. Dillon, Richard Emmett, 04053338. Hisey, Jack Edward, 04028082. Lopez; Ramon Reyes, 04030921. Dirmeyer, Robert Pinckney, 04024860. Hobbs, Harry Vincent, 01941079. Lorigan, Robert Eugene, 04004793. Dismukes, James Russell, 04044721. Hock, Robert Conrad, 04004860. Love, Harold Max, 04010899. Dixon, Allen Claar, Jr., 04010114. Hoffert, Charles Edward, 04004235. Lovelace, Richard Sanders, 04017850. Doane, Colin Robertson, 04053464. Hogan, Joseph Harrie, 3d, 04051769. Luecker, James Frederick, 04056406. Dobbs, Herbert Hotaling, 04030032. Hoglan, Curtis Francis, 04026306. Lund, Robert Everett, Jr., 04042861. Dorey, Fred Orwin, Jr., 04036094. Holdridge, Gerald Raphael, 04057336. Lundwall, Walter R., 04034927. Dorsey, Don Stuart, 04050303. Holland, John Joseph, 04017530. Lutz, Clarence Albert, 04056548. Dreher, Henry Edward, 04037871. Holt, Roscoe Lee, 04026004. Lyles, Jesse Don, 01941071. Drolte, James Elmer, 04041325. Horn, Joey Ray, 04048139. MacDonald, John, 04057825. Drury, Peter Francis, Jr., 04038236. Hornish, William Eugene, 04018374. MacDonnell, Thomas Aquinas, 04037104. Dukes, William Carlyle, 04036793. Hosmer, Calvin, 3d, 04052703. MacLeod, John Richard, 04032266. Dull, Harry Lloyd, Jr., 04050162. Hough, Henry Albert, 02211380. MacManus, Frederick O'Neill, 04025320. Edgeman, Ronald Winfred, 04027941. Hove, James Norman, 04040542. Magrath, Claude Peter, 04052047. Edwards, Donald Marvin, 04006996. Howe, Robert Hampton, 04045056. Mahoney, Patrick James, 04052146. Ehrmann, Edward Joseph, Jr., 04010618. Howell, William Henry, 04028781. Main, Robert Gail, 04018141. Elliott, Francis William, 04034200. Hudson, Samuel Rice, 04012735. Mait, Martin Benjamin, 04033991. Elliott, Joseph Morris, 04033319. Huff, Don Burton, 04030737. Manhan, Robert David, 04010662. Ellison, James Roy, 04048767. Huff, Richard Austin, 04010503. Manzo, John Matthew, 04035627. Erickson, Roland Spencer, 04010116. Hulse, John Edward, 04057857. Mapes, John Burdick, Jr., 04065620. Falbo, John Joseph, 04034208. Hunt, Forrest Clayton, 04030059. Marshall, Thomas Worth, 3d, 04030585. Fallon, Thomas Francis, 04036917. Hurd, Chetwin, Merrill, 04034491. May, Robert Morris, 04059014. Farrow, James Harris, 04044468. Hutchings, John Edward, 04041011. McBrady, Daniel John, Jr., 04048645. Felker, Dale Richard, 04017429. Hutter, James Lyle, 04048775. McBride, David Myers, 04032375. Ferguson, Charles Hicklen, 04059090. Imholz, Robert Emerson, 04024427. Mccann, John R., 04050300. Fernander, Bobbie Bernard, 04029331. Irby, Joseph Mettauer Hurt, 04036076. McDaniel, Cecil Douglas, Jr., 04044652. Few, Henry Theron, 04045116. Irving, Conrad James, 04056426. McDonald, Kenneth George, 04049758. Fickett, William Alden, 04020840. Islin, John Alexander, 04035917. McDonald, Vincent Paul, 04052443. Finehout, Arthur William, 04014757. Jackemeyer, Robert Raymond, 04041252. McFall, Thomas Neel, 04045274. Fitzgerald, Walter Jack, 04000580. Jackson, Donald, 04042676. McGee, Lester Earl, Jr., 04043135. Flood, John Joseph, 04035620. Jackson, Tracy Howard, 04029238. McGraw, Kenneth Eugene, 04017751. Folta, Russell John, 04039050. Janert, Alfred Charles, Jr., 04024884. McGreevy, Daniel Edward, 04050486. Fotinos, George Chris, 04040712. Jarrett, Richard Stanley, 04040951. McGruder, Beverly Lettelle, 04036140. Fralinger, Albert Augustin, Jr., 04042834. Jenkins, Quentin Arthur Lot, 04010156. McHugh, Thomas Edwin, 04038924. Fratt, Charles Kennedy Poe, 04020098. Johnson, Carl Nathan, Jr., 04024849. McKalp, Homer Diehl, 04036489. Frazer, Rex Lloyd, 04018105. Johnson, David Straub, 04045609. McKee, Robert Wesley, 04045167. FUellhart, Joseph Marsh, 04010250. Johnson, Jack Oliver, 04017437. McKellips, Jolin Lee, 01880173. Fuqua, Raymond Louis, Jr., 01927823. Johnson, John James, 04044876. McNair, Jeptha Isaiah, Jr., 04010513. Gabrielli, Robert Joseph, 04041268. Johnson, Sherlock Adolph, 01930552. McNall, Jack Glenn, 04045933. Garner, James Edward, 04057778. Johnson, William Vance, 04048741. Meara, John Joseph, 04035009. Garvais, Donald Francis, 04014940. Johnston, Frederick Curtis, 04038927. Merrill, Richard Glen, 04019066. Gautier, Augusto Rafael, 04037983. Jones, Burten Duane, 04029702. Michehl, Edward Helmuth, Jr., 04030754. George, Robert Gerald, 04027074. Jones, Herbert Lewis, 04035981. Miller, Richard Earl, 04038355. 1957. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10905 Miluszusky, Raymond Jr., 04010261. Sanders, MacDwain, 04048605. Vosbeln, Henry Michael, Jr., 01940977. Mink, Oscar Gorton, 01926300. Sato, Irving Katsumi, 04040128. Walker, Mickey Arthur, 04044851. Misajon, Herman Gerald, 04030676. Schaefer, Robert Roy, 04050367. Wallin, Spencer Dean, 04053415. Mitchell, Stanley Joseph, Jr., 02276722. Schaefer, Rolland Milton, 04017164. Wallington, Edward Hugh, 01890081. Moir, Raymond Charles, 04030323. Schick, Robert Lee, 04039267. Walsh, Clayton Dean, 04041352. Monteith, Gerald Eugene, 04042042. Schilling, William Alfred, Jr., 04033290. Walsh, Patrick Dana, 04046177. Moody, John Fleetwood, 04045072. Schmitz, Robert Paul, 04057315. Walter, John Stanislaus, 04031800. Moore, David Russell, 04044535. Schneider, Finis Earl, 01885199. Walton, John Carroll, Jr .• 04025969. Moreau, Thaddee Fernand, 04037496. Schoenstein, Herbert Joseph, 04027083. Ward, Stanley Dustin, 04033356. Morgan, Robert Thompson, 04025538. Schreiber, Anthony John, Jr., 04036511. Wasko, Frank John, Jr., 04010714. Morley, William John, 04042491. Schull, Dunell Vernon, 04018627. Waters, William Hugh, 04039453. Moses. Thomas Edwin, 01888097. Scoggins, Larry Elmer, 04058616. Watford, John Hardin, 04040730. Murphy, Patrick Joseph, 04049821. Scribner, Edwin Grant, 04040854. Watson, Velvin Richard, 04026421. Myers, Bobby Lee, 01939507. Seago, Pierce Turner, Jr., 04059190. Watzling, John Keith, 04027538. Nagy, William Joseph, 04032988. Sessions, Jerrald Maynard, 04015732. Weinert, Phillip Darden, 04049397. Neal, James William, 04034215. Seward, John Mason, 04032834. Welsch, Hanno Fritz, Jr., 01939517. Nelson, Ronald Andrew, 04028223. Shaw, George William, 04037498. Wendelken, William Henry, 04032255. Nice, Duane Ray, 04037698. Sheehan, Stephen Anthony, 04051407. Whipple, Winthrop, Jr., 04037424. Nolan, Donald Grant, 04063108. Shelton, Samuel William, Jr., 01873267. White, Charles Elliott, 04028931. Nolan, John William, 04059339. Sherk, Kenneth John, 04056484. White, Frederick Basford, 04025394. Novak, Andrew Michael, 04044450. Shufelt, James Wade, 04035606. Whitten, James Austin, 04026186. Nugent, Edward Joseph, 04031346. Silva, Edward Henry, 04036703. Wiggers, Ralph Garrett, 04017486. Nye, Jack Glenn, 04033458. Simons, John David, Jr., 04047870. '\Viles, James Malcolm, 04057968. O'Toole, Hubert Joseph, 04052299. Slingo, James Frederick, 04052749. Williams, James Mercer, Jr., 04043015. Oakes, Norman Lee, 04035343. Sliva. Norman Eugene, 04025601. Williams, Sylvanus Johnson, 3d. 04025349. Oakley, Howard Hughes, 04042304. Smalley, Kenneth Lee, 04024652. Williamson, Rayburn Leroy, 04017897. O'Brien, John Lydon, 04033006. Smith, Alfred Leon, Jr., 04025827. Wilt, Duane Chester, 04033922. Oglesby, John Mohler, 01915144. Smith, John Edward, 04042783. Winkelman, Barry Alan, 04035373. O'Leary, Arthur John, 04030520. Smith, Richard Ruel, 04032741. Winship, Edwin Carroll, 04035320. O'Leary, Francis Daniel, 04025416. Smith, Robert Severin, 04039011. Winston, Neil Countess, 04025738. Oliver, Mahatha Marshall, 04044971. Somerville, William Alan, 04059472. Wintermute, Edwin Hampton, 4th, O'Neil, William Robert, 04042308. Spring, Ronald Dee, 04032440. 04056709. Orkand, Robert Edward, 04031167. Springman, Robert Wayne, 04019805. Wintz, Edward Kenna, 04027623. Osborn, Phillip Carrol, 04024638. Springstead, Bertin Walker, 04046888. Witte, James Ray, 04026010. Owens, Frank Enos, 04004994. St. Peter, Robert Eugene, 04057709. Witter, Robert Anthony, 04032019. Pacelli, Vincent Anthony, 04037530. Stapleton, John Ruskin, 04030950. Woliver, Clarence Hugh, Jr., 04024549. Padget, Herber Nathaniel, 04028918. Stein, Albert Edward, 04027480. • Wollan, Gary Byron, 04030082. Painter, Brookman Endler, 04052736. Stempel, Robert Carl, 04053310. Wolterstorff, Jerrold David, 04040536. Parham, Paul Biery, 04010595. Stengel, Robert Miller, 04053506. Wood, David Heyer, 04037957. Pastor, Paul Anthony, 04052151. Stewart, Frank Shaw, Jr., 04049787. Woods, Eugene Ray, 04027854. Pece, Henry W., Jr., 04043157. Stewart, Harold Lloyd, 04075239. Woods, James Joseph, 04031853. Penney, Hubert Francis, 04015633. Stewart, William Allen, Jr., 01931586. Worthington, Howard Leslie, Jr., 02033923. Perschetz, Gerald, 04029570. Stimeare, Robert Ray, 04004734. Yore, Joseph Alexander, 04037990. Pershing, Jay Wesley, 04017863. Stires, Buell Wilson, 04047758. Young, William Worsley, 3d, 04024447. Pettibone, Clifford Alan, 04040623. Stone, Leon Haynes, Jr., 04028642. Zane, Thomas Leeds, 04058818. Philbrook, Wilbur Woodbury, Jr., 04039246. Storm, Forest Clyde, 04057263. Zimmerman, Charles Vernon, 04032142. Picillo, Angelo Paul, 04046364. Strom, Roy Malcolm, 04030548. Zisk, Edward Joseph, 04038969. Pratt, Wilis Goyne, 04004337. Stroup. Glenn Allen, 04059062. Zurbriggen, Donald John, 04017798. _ Prescott, Warren Thomas, 04013235. Studer, Richard Edward, 04038875. Prigge, Robert Wallace, 04015585. Sullivan, Noel Edward, 04027797. Prothero, Ronald Percy, 04033211. Sullivan, Roy Franklin, 04024407. CONFIRMATIONS Przedpelski, Zygmunt Jan, 04029683. Sumner, Brice Saunders, 01889779. Pugh, George Monroe, 04045278. Swartwout, Donald Clayton, 04028635. Executive nominations confirmed by Pulliam, Nathan McGarity, 04031177. Sweetwood, Dale Richard, 04057266. the Senate July 3, 1957: Taylor, Emmett Kirk, Jr., 04058588. Pybus, Fred Rayner, III, 04047934. UNITED NATIONS Quest, Joseph William, 04051984. Taylor, Francis Carroll, 04045094. Ralles, Gordon Corey, Jr., 04019224. Taylor, James Oliver, 04040356. Neil H. Jacoby, of California, to be repre Randolph, James Willis, 04044544. Taylor, Joseph Wayne, 04058682. sentative of the United States of America on Rapkoch, James Michael, 01940720. Taylor, Terry Arthur, 04026293. the Economic and Social Council of the Reddell, Gerald William, 04025584. Terry, Clifford Frank, 04017240. United Nations. Reed, Donald Stuart, 04050466. Terzopoulos, Nicholas, 04010184. THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION Thayer, Henry Jerome, 04044676. Regan, John Paul, 04038870. W. Randolph Burgess, of Maryland, to be Register, Benjamin Franklin, Jr., 01873902. Thomas, Charles Reid, 04045096. Thomasson, William Cloud, Jr., 04042837. United States permanent representative on Reid, Robert Leonard, Jr., 04042200. the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Reither, Wayne Casimir, 04010633. Thompson, Albert Garrison, 04025992. Thompson, John Ulysses, 04024914. Organization, with the rank and status of Rendine, Alfred John, 04035543. Thompson, Robert Summers, 02264946. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten Rhode, Michael, Jr., 04029377. Thompson, Thomas P., 04028086. · tiary. Rhodes, Lonnie Dale, 04025938. Thorson, Albert Sheron, 04049978. DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Rice, Harley Eugene, 04032412. Tigh, Leland Frederick, Jr., 04027203. Vinton Chapin, of New Hampshire, to be Richardson, William Tra_vis, 04058874. Toner, Francis Joseph, 04033135. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten Rider, Archie Allen, 04024702. Torbett, Wililam Cleburne, 3d, 04025593. tiary of the United States of America to Rider, James Dennis, 04025585. Towle, Thomas Joseph, 04038884. Luxembourg. Ripple, Larry Melvin, 01940547. Trent, Warren Thomas, Jr., 04024064. Maxwell H. Gluck, of Kentucky, to be Am Robb, James Frederick, 04027533. Troeltzsch, Lloyd Alvin, 04017970. bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Rogner, Emil Albert, 04039006. Troknya, Robert James, 04032138. of the United States of America to Ceylon. Rooker, James Alan; 04040641. Tucker, Tye Bright, 04044901. Roop, John Ronald Coleman, 04023456. Tutwiler, James Douglas, 04049941. Rop, Richard Forrest, 04058854. Tyler, Thomas Hardy, 04031123. Rosin, Roy Rembert, 04040687. Ueltschi, Donald Richard, 04042209. WITHDRAWALS Ross, Joseph Lamond, Jr., 04048654. Valli, Louis Angelo, 04004948. Executive nominations withdrawn Roth, Bernard Jacob, 04039009. Valz, Darwin Kenneth, 04036788. from the Senate July 3, 1957: Rowe, Alvin George, 04058031. Valz, Donald Joseph, 04030851. Rowe, Richard Herbert, 01937134. Van Houten, William, 3d, 04042668. POSTMASTERS Rowell, Robert Grady, 04042867. VanPoo1, Jack Lavern, 04025482. Doris B. Duncan, Skippers, in the State Russell, Benjamin Bradbury, 04038441. Vandenberghe, Henry Emil, 04010536. of Virginia.. Rutledge, Howard Lilbern, 04042623. Vanderschaaf, J.ohn Nolan, 04030286. Marjorie C. Mossman, Hamburg, in the Salley, Ernest Meres, 04013230. VonGortler, Frederick Carl, 3d, 04028173. State of Illinois.