March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3567 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE ANDEAN DRUG SUMMIT: examine ways to achieve a greater opening issues of demand reduction, consumption PROGRESS IN THE WAR of the United States market for Colombian and supply. Such a strategy also must in AGAINST DRUGS products. The Presidents noted President clude understandings regarding economic Bush's November 1 Andean Trade Initiative, cooperation, alternative development, en which constitutes an important step to couragement of trade and investment, as HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD wards this goal, and they agreed to explore well as understandings regarding economic OF MICHIGAN further possibilities. cooperation, on attacking the traffic in illic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Barco expressed his concern re it drugs, and on diplomatic and public diplo garding the application of antidumping macy initiatives. Tuesday, March 6, 1990 duties to cut flowers. President Bush noted The Parties recognize that these areas are Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I am that this issue is currently under review interconnected and self-reinforcing. pleased with the administration's energetic within the U.S. Government. President Progress in one area will help achieve Barco also expressed his concern about the progress in others. Failure in any of them and determined approach to fund and launch system used in determining Colombia's a new American attack on the scourge of illicit will jeopardize progress in the others. The sugar quota. order in which they are addressed in the narcotics. The Cartagena Drug Summit was a The Presidents stressed the importance of success and I want to share with my col document is not meant to assign to them a successful completion of the Uruguay any particular priority. leagues in the Congress the Bilateral Commu Round of multilateral trade negotiations, Economic cooperation and international nique that was issued by President Bush and and recognized the significance of increased initiatives cannot be effective unless there the Presidents of the Andean nations as well access for Colombia's tropical products. are concomitant, dynamic programs attack as the text of the Declaration of Cartagena The two Presidents agreed to intensify further the process of consultations be ing the production of, trafficking in and which calls for unprecedented cooperation in tween coffee producer and consumer coun demand for illicit drugs. It is clear that to be the struggle against drugs between the United tries with a view to accelerating negotia fully effective, supply reduction efforts States and our Andean partners. I .wish the tions that will lead to a viable new interna must be accompanied by significant reduc Bush administration and the Andean countries tional agreement, and issued a call to non tion in demand. The Parties recognize that good luck in one of the most important wars member countries of the agreement for the exchange of information on demand that America and those nations have ever their support of this valuable instruments. control programs will benefit their coun tries. fought. President Bush praised Colombia's seri ousness in meeting its international finan The Parties recognize that the nature and BILATERAL COMMUNIQUE, CARTAGENA, cial commitments. He reiterated the need impact of the traffic in and interdiction of COLOMBIA for international support to facilitate Co illicit drugs varies in each of the three An MEETING BETWEEN VIRGILIO BARCO, PRESIDENT lombia's sound economic and social policies. drean countries and cannot be addressed OF COLOMBIA AND GEORGE BUSH, PRESIDENT In this regard, he confirmed his Administra fully in this document. The Parties will ne OF THE UNITED STATES tion's willingness to study specific Colombi gotiate bilateral and multilateral agr~e The President of Colombia, Virgilio Barco, an proposals for obtaining additional re ments consistent with their anti-narcotics and the President of the United States, sources. effort~. specifying their responsibilit_ies and George Bush, met on February 15, 1990 at The two President's again indicated the commitments with regard to economic coop Cartagena, Colombia to reaffirm their deci importance of continuing programs . f?r eration and intensified enforcement actions. sion to continue the struggle against the technical training, equipment, and admmis UNDERSTANDING REGARDING ECONOMIC ASPECTS trafficking and the consumption of narcotic trative support for Colombian judicial offi AND ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT drugs and psychotropic .substances, and to cials,. as well as continued assistance in The Parties recognize that trafficking in address aspects relating to bilateral rela terms of equipment and means for guaran tions. illicit drugs has a negative long-term impact teeing their safety in the struggle against on their economies. In some of the Parties, The two Presidents took note of the narcotics trafficking. threat posed by narcotic trafficking and profits from coca production and trade and The two Presidents reviewed the progress from illicit drug trafficking contribute, in stressed it must be confronted squarely and made in negotiations on agreements con eliminated. They also agreed that the prob varying degrees, to the entry of foreign ex cerning essential chemicals, the distribution change and to the generation of employ lem of illicit drugs must be addressed by the of seized assets, and export controls on international community in its various ment and income. Suppression of coca pro weapons and other materials use by d~ug duction and trade will result in significant, stages of production, trafficking and con traffickers, which will reinforce cooperation sumption. The President of the ynited immediate, and long-term economic costs in the struggle against illicit drugs. that will affect, in various ways, each of the States recognized that supply reduct10n ef The two Presidents agreed that the forts must be accomplished by significant Andean countries. Andean Summit was a significant step to The President of the United States will re reduction in demand. wards improved anti-drug coordination. The President of the United States ex quest Congress to authorize new funds for They pledged cooperation in bringing about the program during fiscal years 1991 to pressed his admiration for the leadership of the 1991 World Conference of Nations in Colombia in the struggle against illicit 1994, in order to support the Andean Par volved in reinforcing international coopera ties' efforts to counteract the short- and drugs and his appreciation for the firmness tion in the fight against the production, and the example set by President Barco. He long-term social-economic impact of an ef also stressed the courage and the sacrifices trafficking and consumption of illicit drugs. fective fight against illicit drugs. This con of the Government, the people, the Armed On behalf of the Government and people tribution by the United States would be Forces and police of Colombia, who, in un of Colombia, President Barco expressed made within the framework of actions dertaklng this struggle, merit the solid sup thanks for the demonstrations of assistance against drug trafficking carried. out. by port and economic assistance of the interna and solidarity, received from the Govern Andean Parties. The Andean Parties reiter tional community. ment and the people of the United States in ate the importance of implementing or The two Presidents acknowledged the im their efforts to combat illicit drug traffick strengthening sound economic policies . for portance of maintaining adequate levels of ing, and trusts that cooperation will intensi the effective utilization of such a contribu economic growth and revitalizing areas af fy in various areas. tion. The United· States is also prepared to fected by the production of illicit drugs in cooperate with the Andean Parties in a wide order to help achieve success in combatting ANDEAN SUMMIT, CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA range of initiatives for development, trade narcotics trafficking. To that end, they DECLARATION OF CARTAGENA and investment in order to strengthen and agreed on the need for joint actions on both The Parties consider that a strategy sustain long-term economic growth. a bilateral and multilateral basis. which commits the Parties to implement or Alternative development, designed to re The President of the United States ex strengthen a comprehensive, intensified place the coca economy in Peru and Bolivia pressed the willingness of his government to anti-narcotics program must address the and illicit drug trafficking in all the Andean
e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 Parties, includes the following areas of co United States is prepared to provide balance tion programs and from bilateral and multi operation. In the short term, there is a need of payments support to help meet foreign lateral cooperation agreements to expand to create and/ or to strengthen social emer exchange needs. The United States will also efforts in this field. gency programs and economic costs stem consider funding for emergency social pro To this end, the Parties undertake to con ming from substitution. In the medium and grams, such as the successful one in Bolivia, tribute economic, material and technical re long term, investment programs and meas to provide employment and other opportu sources to support such comprehensive pre ures will be needed to create the economic nities to the poor directly affected by the vention programs. conditions for definitive substitution of the fight against illicit drugs. 2. Interdiction coca economy in those countries where it 3. Trade Initiatives, Incentives to Exports exists or of that sector of the coca economy A battle against an illicit product must and Private Foreign Investment focus on the demand for, production of and in those countries where it exists or of that An increase in trade and private invest sector of the economy affected by narcotics trade in that product. Interdiction of illegal ment is essential to facilitate sustained eco drugs, as they move from producer to con trafficking. It is necessary to implement nomic growth and to help offset the eco programs to preserve the ecological balance. sumer, is essential. The Parties pledge to nomic dislocations resulting from any effec step up efforts within their own countries to 1. Alternative Development and Crop tive program against illicit drugs. The Par interdict illegal drugs and to increase co Substitution ties will work together to increase trade ordination and cooperation among them to In order to foster increased employment among the three Andean countries and the facilitate this fight. The United States is and income opportunities throughout the United States, effectively facilitating access ready to provide increased cooperation in entire productive system and implement or to the United States market and strength equipment and training to the law enforce enhance a sound economic policy to sustain ening export promotion, including identifi ment bodies of the Andean Parties. long-term growth, the United States will cation, development and marketing of new export products. The United States will also 3. Involvement of the Armed Forces of the support measures aimed at stimulating Respective Countries broad-based rural development, promoting consider providing appropriate technical non-traditional exports, and building or re and financial assistance to help Andean ag The control of illegal trafficking in drugs inforcing productive infrastructure. The ricultural products comply with the admis is essentially a law enforcement matter. Parties, in accordance with the respective sion requirements. However, because of its magnitude and the policies of Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and the The Parties may consider the establish different aspects involved, and in keeping United States, shall determine the economic ment of economic and investment policies, with the sovereign interest of each State assistance required to ensure sound econom as well as legislation and regulations to and its own judicial system, the armed ic policies and sustain alternative develop foster private investment. Where favorable forces in each of the countries, within their ment and crop substitution, which in the conditions exist, the United States will fa own territory and national jurisdictions, medium term will help replace the income, cilitate private investment in the three may also participate. The Parties may estab employment and foreign exchange in the Andean countries, taking into account the lish bilateral and multilateral understand countries in which these have been generat particular conditions and potential of each. ings for cooperation in accordance with ed by the illegal coca economy. The United B. UNDERSTANDINGS REGARDING ATTACKING their interests, needs and priorities. States is prepared to finance economic ac ILLICIT DRUGS 4. Information Sharing and Intelligence tivities of this kind with new and conces The Parties reaffirm their will to fight Cooperation sional resources. drug trafficking in a comprehensive manner The Parties commit themselves to a great In order to achieve a complete program of attacking all facets of the trade: Production, er exchange of information and intelligence alternative development and crop substitu transportation and consumption. Such com in order to strengthen action by the compe tion, the Parties agree that in addition to prehensive action includes the following: tent agencies. The Parties will pursue bilat the cooperation provided by the United Preventive actions to reduce consumption eral and multilateral understandings on in States, economic cooperation, as well as and therefore demand. formation and intelligence cooperation, con greater incentives to investment and foreign Control and law enforcement activities sistent with their national interests and pri trade from other sources, will be needed. agairist illegal cultivation, processing, and orities. The Parties will make concerted efforts to marketing of illicit drugs. obtain the support of multilateral and other Control of essential chemicals for the pro 5. Eradication and Discouragement of lllicit economic institutions for these programs, as duction of illegal drugs and the means used Crops the three Andean Parties implement or con for their transport. Eradication can play an essential part in tinue sound economic policies and effective Seizure, forfeiture, and sharing of illegal the anti-drug fight of each country. In each programs against drugs. proceeds and property used in committing case, eradication programs have to be care The Parties are convinced that a compre narcotics-related crimes. fully crafted, measuring their possible effect hensive fight against illicit drug traffic will Coordination of law enforcement agencies, on total illicit drug production in each coun disrupt the market for coca and coca deriva the military, prosecutors and courts, with try; their cost-benefit ratio relative to other tives and will reduce their prices. As success ing the framework of national sovereignty means of fighting illicit drugs; whether they is achieved in this fight, those employed in of each of the Parties. can be most effective as voluntary or com growing coca and in its primary processing Actions to bring about a net reduction in pulsory programs or a combination of the will seek alternative sources of income the illegal cultivation of coca. two; and their profitable political and social either by crop substitution or by changing The Parties undertake to engage in an on consequences. jobs. The Parties will work together to iden going evaluation of their cooperation, so The Parties recognize that to eradicate il tify alternative-income activities for exter that the President of the United States, as licit crops, the participation of the growers nal financing. The United States is ready to appropriate, may request Congress to pro themselves is desirable, adopting measures consider financing of activities such as re vide additional assistance to the Andean that will help them obtain legal sources of search, extension, credit and other agricul Parties. income. tural support services and support of pri Given that the Parties act within a frame New economic opportunities, such as pro vate-sector initiatives for the creation of work of respect for human rights, they reaf grams for alternative development and crop micro-enterprises and agro-industries. firm that nothing would do more to under substitution, shall be fostered to help to dis The United States will also cooperate with mine the war on drugs than disregard for suade growers from initiating or expanding the Andean Parties to promote viable do human rights by participants in the effort. illegal cultivation. Our goal is a sustained mestic and foreign markets to sell the prod 1. Prevention and Demand reduction in the total area under illegal cul ucts generated by alternative development tivation. and crop substitution programs. The Parties undertake to support develop Eradication programs must safeguard ment and expansion of programs in compre human health and preserve the ecosystem. 2. Mitigation of the Social and Economic hensive prevention, such as preventive Impact of the Fight Against lllicit Traf public education in both rural and urban 6. Control of Financial Assets ficking areas, treatment of drug addicts, and infor The Parties agree to identify, trace, As the Andean Parties implement or con mation to encourage the public opposition freeze, seize, and apply other legal proce tinue to develop effective programs of inter to illegal drug production, trade and con dures for the disposition of drug crime pro diction of the flow of illicit drugs and of sumption. These programs are fundamental ceeds in their respective countries, and to crop eradication, they will need assistance if the drug problem is to be successfully con attack financial aspects of the illicit drug of the fast disbursement type to mitigate fronted. trade. In accordance with their respective both small-and large-scale social and eco The Parties recognize that prevention ef laws, each of the Parties will seek to adopt nomic costs. The Parties will cooperate to forts in the four countries will benefit from measures to define, categorize, and crimina identify the type of assistance required. The shared information about successful preven- lize money laundering, as well as to increase March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3569 efforts to implement current legislation. from the United States to illegal drug traf Peru, broader economic cooperation within The Parties agree to establish formulas pro fickers in the three Andean countries. the framework of a sound economic policy. viding exceptions to banking secrecy. 10. Legal Cooperation 4. Report to the UN Special Session on 7. Forfeiture and Sharing of lllegal Drug The Parties pledge to cooperate in the lllicit Trafficking in Drugs Proceeds sharing of instrumental evidence in forms The United Nations has recognized that The Parties pledge to implement a system admissible by their judicial proceedings. the problem of drug trafficking presents a for forfeiture and sharing of illegal drug The Parties also agree to seek mechanisms grave threat to the security of the states profits and assets, and to establish effective that permit the exchange of information on and economic stability. It has called for a programs in this area. legislation and judicial decision in order to Global Action Plan and it has convened a In United States cases related to forfeit optimize legal proceedings against the traf Special Session, February 20-23, 1990, to dis ure of property of illegal drug traffickers fic in illicit drugs. cuss the magnitude of this problem. This where Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru provide The Parties recognize the value of inter will be a proper occasion to reiterate the assistance to the United States Govern national cooperation in strengthening the need to bring into force as quickly as possi ment, the Government of the United States administration of justice, including the pro ble the UN Convention Against Illicit Traf pledges to transfer to the assisting govern tection of judges, judicial personnel, and fic in Narcotic Drugs and Pyschotropic Sub ment such forfeited property, to the extent other individuals who take part in these stances, which provides for energetic meas consistent with United States' laws and reg proceedings. ures against illegal drug trafficking, while ulations. The Parties will also seek asset recognizing the ancestral and traditional C. UNDERSTANDINGS REGARDING DIPLOMATIC uses of coca leaf. sharing agreements for Bolivia, Colombia, INITIATIVES AND PUBLIC OPINION and Peru, with other countries. The Parties request that consideration be The scourge of illicit drug trafficking and given during the Special Session to the in 8. Control of Essential Chemicals Used in consumption respects no borders, threatens clusion of the cooperative efforts outlined the Production of lllicit Drugs national security, and erodes the economic in this document to develop concrete pro The control in the United States of the and social structures of our nations. It is es grams for strengthening multilateral re export of chemical substances used in the sential to adopt and carry out a comprehen sponses to the drug problem, as recommend processing of cocaine is vital. In addition, sive strategy to promote full awareness of ed in Resolution No. 44/141 of the United there is a need for greater control of the the destructive effects of illegal production, Nations General Assembly. import and domestic production of such illicit trafficking and the improper con sumption of drugs. Toward this end, the 5. Report to the OAS Meeting of Ministers substances by the Andean Parties. Joint ef and Cicad forts must be coordinated to eliminate the Parties commit themselves to use all politi illicit trade in such substances. cal and economic means within their power The Organization of American States has The Parties agree: to put into effect programs aimed at achiev called an Inter-American meeting of Minis To step up interdiction of the movements ing this goal. ters responsible for national narcotics pro of essential chemicals that have already en grams, to be held on April 17-20, 1990 in 1. Strengthening Public Opinion in Favor of Ixtapa, Mexico. The Parties urge that the tered the country, legally or illegally, and Intensifying the Fight Against lllegal Drug are being diverted for illicit drug processing. meeting of Ministers and the Inter-Ameri Trafficking can Drug Abuse Control Commission This includes controlling choke points as Public awareness should be enhanced also well as establishing investigative and moni give priority to the understandings by means of active and determined diplo set forth in this document and lend support toring programs in close cooperation with matic action. The Parties pledge to all the Parties' law enforcement agencies. to their early implementation within the strengthen plans for joint programs leading context of regional cooperation against To further develop an internal system to to the exchange of ideas, experiences, and track essential chemicals through sale, drugs. specialists in the field. The Parties call upon 6. Madrid Trilateral Meeting resale and distribution to the end user. the international community to intensify a To cooperate bilaterally and multilateral program of public information stressing the The parties stress the importance of the ly to provide each other with information danger of drug trafficking in all of its document issued by the Trilateral Meeting necessary to track domestic and internation phases. In this regard, the Parties under in Madrid and the efforts undertaken in al movements of essential chemicals for the take to give active support to Inter-Ameri Europe, particularly the participation of the purpose of controlling their sale and use. can public awareness and demand reduction European Community, with a view to adopt To support the efforts under the Organi programs, and will support the development ing specific policies and initiatives against il zation of American States auspices to of a drug prevention education plan at the licit trafficking of drugs. develop and implement a regional inter Inter-American meeting in Quito this year. 7. World Ministerial Summit to Reduce American agreement on essential chemicals. 2. Economic Summit Demand for Drugs and to Combat the Co 9. Control of Weapons, Planes, Ships, Explo- caine Threat The 1989 Economic Summit in Paris es sives and Communications Equipment The Parties note with satisfaction the Used in lllegal Drug Trafficking tablished a Financial Action Task Force to determine how governments could promote convening of a World Ministerial Summit to Illicit drug trafficking is heavily depend cooperation and effective action against the Reduce Demand for Drugs and to Combat ent on weapons, explosives, communications laundering of money gained through illegal the Cocaine Threat, to be held on April 9- equipment, and air, maritime and riverine drug trafficking. 11, 1990 in London. This meeting will serve transportation throughout the illicit culti The United States will host the next Eco to highlight the role demand reduction vation and the production and distribution nomic Summit on July 9-11, 1990, in Hous must play in the international community's process. ton. The United States will use this oppor efforts to reduce the trade in illicit drugs The Parties agree: tunity to seek full attention on a priority and will underline the social, economic and To strengthen controls over the move basis to the fight against illegal drug traf human costs of the trade. The Parties agree ment of illegal weapons and explosives and ficking. to coordinate their actions and future strat over the sale, resale and the registration of The Parties call upon the Economic egies in this area with the objective of build aircraft and maritime vessels in their re Summit member countries, and on the other ing upon this important initiative. spective countries, which should be carried participants in the Financial Action Task 8. Demarches to Transit Countries out by their own authorities. Force, to give greater emphasis to the study Through specialized agencies of the The Parties agree to establish within their of economic measures which may help to United Nations such as the Heads of the Na own territory control programs that include: reduce drug trafficking. In particular, the tional Law Enforcement Agencies, our coun The registration of ships and aircraft; Parties call upon the Economic Summit tries participate in important coordination The adoption of legal standards that countries to take the steps necessary to efforts. The Parties undertake to strength permit effective forfeiture of aircraft and ensure that assets seized from illicit drug en cooperation with transit countries on vessels; trafficking in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru interdiction of traffic in illicit drugs. Controls on pilot licenses and training; are used to finance programs of interdic Registration of airfields in their respective 9. World Conference Against lllicit Drug tion, alternative development and preven Trafficking countries; and tion in our countries. Development of control measures over In order to progress towards the goals communications equipment used in illegal 3. Multilateral Approaches and agreed upon at the Cartagena Summit, the drug trafficking to the extent permitted by Coordination Parties call for a world conference in 1991 to their respective laws and national interests. The Parties intend to coordinate their ac strengthen international cooperation in the The United States agrees to work with the tions in multilateral economic institutions elimination of improper consumption, ille Andean Parties to stem weapons exports in order to ensure for Bolivia, Colombia and gal trafficking and production of drugs. 3570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 1 o. Follow-up Meeting to the Cartagena ropean conservative tradition in foreign our withdrawal from Cambodia, the sudden Summit policy, with its emphasis on balance and multiplication of Marxist regimes in all In order to follow up on progress of agree order, liberal commentators were moved by parts of the Third World-many Americans ments arising under the foregoing under a sensation of danger impending from a could not witness these events without the standings, the Parties agree to hold a high massive convulsion within the Kremlin's sense of a failed mission to save the world level follow-up meeting within a period of sphere of influence or the Soviet Union for freedom. And when on top of military not more than six months. itself. defeat, the collapse of client regimes, and At no point evincing signs of a reflective the evident loss of industrial supremacy, the bent, Bush has found success in public life Soviet Union appeared to acquire, through BUSH'S CHOICE by propitiating right-wing icons and plod the relentless deployment of additional ding inconspicuously behind the brute force weapons and the invasion of Afghanistan, of events. But let us assume for the sake of the means to strike at the Persian Gulf and HON. BILL RICHARDSON argument that the grinding shift of plates to neutralise our strategic deterrent, the OF NEW MEXICO beneath the surface of the post-war world fear of being owned was ripe for arousing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES moves the President to envisage bold depar Reagan was swept to power by a rip tide tures in national policy-towards reconcilia of strategic pessimism. For a moment, it Tuesday, March 6, 1990 tion with the Soviet Union, and an intensi seemed capable of dragging American for Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, the world fied collaboration with traditional allies. eign policy into the sort of perilous waters is presently going through a period of volatile Could he act on the basis of such an epipha that would normally be chanced only by a and momentous change. As nations and politi ny. or would he be confined by electoral profoundly dissatisfied or ideologically cal and economic alliances are redrawn, constraints rooted in the national charac crazed country. The US was hardly the ter? latter, and being pre-eminent in influence expert analysis of these changes is of tremen Investigating the American character is a (despite the decline in its relative power), dous value. Prof. Tom Farer has published a line of work extending back at least to de affluent, cohesive, and more dependent fine article in the "London Review of Books" Tocqueville. Rupert Wilkinson's book, The than ever on the pacific environment requi analyzing these changes and the Bush admin Pursuit of the American Character, is one of site for a smoothly functioning global econ istration's reaction to them. its more useful contemporary products. The omy, it had ample reason for satisfaction Professor Farer has served as president of book aims to give a fresh perspective on the with the fundamental norms of internation the University of 'New Mexico and the Inter tensions between individualism, community al order. That may well be the main reason American Commission on Human Rights. He and conformity. It focuses on "four historic why the moment passed without producing American fears that have surrounded the disaster. I suppose, however, that one is presently on the faculty of the American dual attraction of Americans to individual should not altogether discount the reassur University here in Washington. Professor ism and "getting together": the fear of ing Reagan persona, the tranquillising Farer's article places the tremendous changes being owned ; and the fear of falling away from a the contrary, of a Soviet challenge in the BUSH'S CHOICE past virtue and promise". Only occasionally. Gulf, in Europe, or anywhere else. Wilkinson concludes, can public policy be For whatever reason, the country had re In the early months of George Bush's reduced to a confluence of these fears. This captured its normal if slightly brittle opti Presidency, before his reassuringly innocu is so for two reasons. First, the fears often mism by the time Reagan met Gorbachev, ous pronouncements and prudent compro pull against each other: policies apparently pronounced him authentic, and declared a mises at the NATO summit had allowed the responsive to one will aggravate concerns new era in Soviet-American relations, there American media to discover prophetic quali generated by another. Secondly, the practi by reinforcing the collective sense of a ties in him, editorial pages were much occu cal implications of each fear are in most nation restored. As the heir to this wealth pied by pundits clashing over what Bush, cases sufficiently ambiguous to permit its of renewed confidence about America's do during the electoral campaign, had plain invocation on behalf of inconsistent policies. mestic health and global role, Bush enjoys tively labelled "the vision thing". Despite But at all times they infest the symbolic en unusual freedom. Whether he jogs along, the country's considerable domestic difficul vironment in which policy is formed. Hence, marginally adjusting policy as events dic ties-some of which are on daily display in on all occasions, an American attempting to tate, or innovates boldly, he is likely to violent, drug-drenched streets within jog marshal support for a policy, or a foreigner retain broad public support. ging distance of the White House-the attempting to influence American policy If parts of the edifice of international re President's critics were aroused primarily by process, must employ language that pays lations built after World War Two appear an alleged absence of vision about an exteri them homage. At rare moments, rather vulnerable, the remainder seems stronger or world whose familiar contours were melt than simply providing broad parameters than ever. As principal architect, the United ing into odd and unsettling forms. and a distinctive language for discourse States designed a structure of international United in demanding vision, they were di about foreign policy, they can coalesce to relations that would foster a global econo vided over its substance. The militant right, dictate its content. my governed by free markets enforcing the which often sounds distressingly like Alces The end of the 1970s was such a moment. law of comparative advantage. The first tis Dubois's definition of fascism-"bayonets Ronald Reagan, a man with few peers at condition of such an economy is the exist in search of an idea" -indicted the Presi personifying and manipulating the key sym ence of societies willing to exchange the dent for failing to insulate the West from bols of American political life, seized on it. risks of comparative advantage for its pre the narcotic of Gorbachev. Declarations, For fifteen years history had been conspir dicted gains and living in a state of internal however hedged, implying that the Cold ing to give him the chance. Fear of falling and external peace, a state plainly welcome War is over were seen as evidence of a deep apart? Only a Pangloss could have lived to the war-weary Western allies. The ening addiction. The most benign conse through the social convulsions and assassi GATT, the IMF and the World Bank were quence of collective stupefaction, it was im nations of the Vietnam War years, and the established to encourage acceptance of plied, would be a lost opportunity to bury longer-running disintegration of social those risks. Force was banned for any pur the Soviet threat. A less optimistic scenario mores, without beginning to doubt that the pose other than as a last recourse against had the Soviets achieving, at a time of maxi centre could hold. Fear of winding down? aggression. The classic means for legislating mum weakness, their greatest triumph: the The prolonged humiliation of the Tehran change in the relations of states was there collapse or emasculation of NATO. hostage crisis, following so quickly the utter fore gone. Critics from the left also bewailed the pro defeat of American purposes in Vietnam Today, with China already inside and the spective loss of opportunity. The one to and experienced against the backdrop of ap other great post-war autark, the Soviet which they referred, however, was the de parently successful Soviet interventions in Union, sueing for entry, and with South mocratisation of Soviet politics and a con . the Third World, signaled a stunning plunge east Asia providing a cluster of dynamic new comitant negotiated settlement of the Cold from the apogee of world power. Fear of participants, the economic structure is argu War. But it was not only rosy visions that falling away? The tens of thousands of our ably stronger and more stable than at any fueled their antagonism to Bush's deliberate Vietnamese collaborators rotting in Hanoi's previous moment in post-war history. But pace and prose. Like those establishment re-education camps and drowning in their just as the system is becoming truly inclu figures, epitomised by Henry Kissinger, who efforts to escape, the killing fields assem sive, anxiety about disintegration has sur are the self-conscious heirs of the Anglo-Eu- bled by the Khmer Rouge in the wake of faced in respectable foreign policy discourse. March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3571 We are moving, some experts claim, toward far from clear. In the first place, one cannot The potentially sizeable opportunity costs rival trading blocs led, respectively, by the predict how much the division would add to that would accrue from the failure to main West Europeans (primarily the Federal Re existing trade restraints. Protectionism is a tain, much less expand, an open global public of Germany), the Japanese and the political decision, not a force of nature. The system are reason enough for an American United States, with the latter forced to or formation of blocs might do nothing more President to question a largely reactive ganise a trading sphere out of the bits and than force a moderate increase in the global policy of marginal adjustments. But more pieces rejected by its competitors. deviation from that optimum production of ominous than the notional loss of goods and The motive force for this glide away from goods and services presumed to result from services is the inevitably associated loss of globalism is seen to come from at least three unlimited free trade. Theoretically, such an political cooperation-an element which is sources. One is the expansion and accelerat increase would occur if the value of inter already insufficient to cope with multiply ing integration of a European common bloc trade restrained was somewhat greater ing threats to the security of nations. market with the strength and self-confi than that of intra-bloc trade unleashed. But As the electoral strides of the Green Par dence needed to protect inefficient but po whatever the aggregate consequences of dis ties demonstrate, the ecological threats litically significant sectors of its economy. A integration into blocs, the United States is have finally begun to bore deeply into mass second is the declining capacity of the likely to experience the largest relative consciousness. Collectively we are poisoning United States to resist centrifugal forces losses and fewest gains, above all in the cur the water and air, levelling the forests, dissi within the circle of advanced capitalist de rency of political influence, among the pow pating the soil, raising the temperature, mocracies. For domestic reasons both politi erful nations concerned. spreading the deserts, depleting the ozone, cal and economic, it is progressively less able With whom will America bond other than and just plain shifting the whole balance of to bear the disproportionate material costs its immediate neighbours? Even after it associated with its hegemonic role within nature. Through their acts and omissions, achieves equilibrium in its balance of pay governments all over the globe commit the Western alliance. It has perforce ments, it will not have the huge quantities become intolerant of free riders on its secu crimes against the Earth. The consequences of surplus value capital which Japan will be of those crimes ooze inexorably across na rity investments and of less than full reci able to deploy. That is one reason why both procity insofar as it practises free trade. tional frontiers. Some governments cannot China and the Soviet Union are likely to stop because they are inept. They need ex Japan is the third. The MIT economist Ru gravitate into Japan's orbit. A second is diger Dornbusch appears to be arguing in a pertise or trustees. Others will not stop be what appears to be the greater ability of cause they are delinquent. They need sanc recent piece that the problem is not so public and private actors in Japan to identi much its government's policies as its acts of tions. Others again do not stop because the fy, and collectively to pursue national eco immediate political and economic costs omission which express the very character nomic objectives: public and private elited in of the place. Japan is structurally neo-mer threaten their survival. They need contin Japan are more compact and homogeneous; gent rewards and sanctions too. Many wait cantilist. That is to say, the forms of its po their relations are marked by mutual re litical and economic life, together with its for others because acting alone is both spect; their cooperation is not haunted by costly and inconsequential. They need com mentality, preclude for the foreseeable the distrust of government and the visceral future anything like the level of imports re pany. individualism that are so much a part of the We lack relevant processes, institutions quired to offset the enormous value of its American character. exports. Today much of the resulting sur Japan Inc. will not rely on the drift of and norms, not to mention an inherited dis plus capital is productively employed in accumulating events. It will actively court the Marxist threats, deploy assistance, allocate funds, foreign assets such as factories, real estate giants with offers uninhibited by balance and to impose sanctions. Brazil consumes its and raw materials, but the principal part sheet anxieties. Strategic consideration forests; the world wails; the World Bank goes towards financing the American budg should enhance their receptivity. A militari ly powerful state will normally prefer eco lends the means for consuming them faster; etary and trade deficits. the forests continue to shrink. That is the Although American consumers have nomic dependence on a comparatively weak one. This strategic factor, coupled with the status quo. found this arrangement comfortable, the Irreversible ecological damage will kill us American elite is conspicuously uneasy proximity of major decision centres, might alternatively draw Moscow into close asso slowly while progressively depressing the about the country's growing subjection to standard of living. Emerging strategic devel the investment decisions of Japanese lend ciation with the EEC, which is, in any event, likely to incorporate most of Eastern opments presage conflicts that will kill lots ers. The number of blue and white-collar of people quickly while battering global employees who believe they have been in Europe. The relative weight and cohesion of each GNP and doing their own bit for ecological jured by Japanese competition, or who are degeneration. Within the next ten years at for less material reasons receptive to nation Bloc would affect the terms of trade it could negotiate with the other two. Negotiations least two dozen countries will have the alist appeals, provides a popular base for an means to make nuclear weapons. The weap elite-led drive to restore equilibrium which could also be affected by the political envi ronment in which they would be conducted. ons themselves are spreading. Missiles capa is likely to accelerate with the next down ble of delivering them at great distances are swing in the economic cycle. If, one is The environment for negotiations between an Asian bloc led by Japan and one domi spreading faster. Virulent chemical weapons tempted to say when, the US gets its ac seem accessible to any state with money or counts in balance, and if the Japanese polit nated by the United States promises to be poisonous. Aside from the fact that a defin a half-way developed scientific-industrial ical system still will not produce the unprec base. Meanwhile the norms governing the edented measures required to induce a ing characteristic of each bloc would be skin sharp increase in domestic consumption of colour-a less than propitious element in use of force and protecting the independ foreign goods and services, Japanese capital the diplomatic mix-both sides will feel ence and integrity of states have lost at will have to find huge new outlets. sorely aggrieved. By hypothesis, the Japa least some of the clarity and authority they Europe, Dornsbusch argues, will still not nese decided to concentrate on organizing enjoyed when first incorporated in the need and Latin America will not be able to an Asian bloc because of rebuffs to Japa United Nations Charter. afford to borrow more than a fraction of nese goods and capital in Washington to less During the past fifteen years Indonesia the Japanese surplus. The first alternative, than Brussels. As for the United States, it has invaded East Timar, Vietnam has invad then, will be direct investment. In Europe will find itself negotiating to retain some ed Cambodia, Israel invaded Lebanon, Iraq and North America, however, this option part of what .it won with bloc and treasure has invaded Iran, Morocco has invaded the will be constrained by political forces deter in World War Two: an unrestricted Asian Western Sahara, India has invaded Sri mined to limit foreign ownership of land presence. For a country which has imagined Lanka, and South Africa has invaded who and other productive resources. Rebuffed by itself throughout the 20th century to have ever in the region it was disposed to invade. its erstwhile allies, according to this hypoth an Asian vocation, the very need to negoti Events confirmed their evident conviction esis, the Japanese will summon their capital ate will be a source of rage. Mutual resent that they would not be punished. The su and political energy to build an Asian trade ments will implicate negotiations on purely perpowers, by their interventions in the and finance zone, a move likely to be facili economic issues, in part by investing them name, respectively, of scientific socialism tated by the limits imposed by Europe and with torrid symbolic values. The severity of and democracy, have contributed to the the United States on the exports of all those negotiations could in turn shadow the view, rejected at Nuremberg but manifested Asian countries. In addition or alternatively, prospect for cooperation on other matters. in the actions of these powers, that every the Japanese might decide to mate their History, being sloppy, will probably not state is the exclusive judge of the measures money, technology and capital goods to the allow anything nearly so neat as three-bloc required for its security. Preoccupied with natural resources and untapped markets of world. But the centrifugal forces identified the Cold War, avid in the cultivation of cli the Soviet Union. by Dornbusch and others could certainly ents, the Soviet Union and the United In fact, the economic consequences of the produce a more fragmented and less open States have sheltered instead of disciplining world's division into three trading blocs are international economy than we have today. norm-busting nations. 3572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 Since it is strategically secure, and de tensions, or inspire economic discipline and Bush's decision to inauguarate this proc pendent for its affluence and therefore its initiative, solely through accelerated de ess would be one important measure of the domestic harmony on the smooth operation regulation and enhanced political participa man. A second would be a decision to advo of the international market economy, the tion. Necessary as those steps are, they are cate systematic consultation among the G-7 United States has ample incentive to help not sufficient. Exhaustion and cynicism are and the Soviet Union on the full slate of restrain inter-state violence. The impera running high. The Soviet people needs to international issues. To that end, the G-7 tives of perestroika, or perhaps one should experience now the taste of the promised could expand the agenda of the proposed say the political and economic imperatives fruit. Over the longer term, Gorbachev's summit and urge that it be an annual event. that have produced perestroika, have led reform should enhance consumption. In the Twenty years ago agreement between the Soviet leaders to see more clearly than ever shorter term, the conflict and confusion as G-7 and the Soviet Union on almost any before that international anarchy does not sociated with the transition seem to have issue would have been decisive for the re serve their interests either. produced further deterioration in living mainder. of the international community. In a world of competitive states and trans standards for some and greater frustration The subsequent diffusion of power has national loyalties-particularly those stem for almost all. made other states, or blocs of states, neces ming from race and ethnicity-the fuse of Making perestroika work may well be as sary parties to effective decisions on many interstate conflict will often be lit by events important to the interests of the United issues. While Bush and his colleagues within states: wars, coups, insurgencies, States as the restoration of Europe was should visualize a broad and regular consul massacres. For that reason the great powers after World War Two. One response to that tation with Moscow as a way of sealing the have a material interest in fostering the imperative was the Marshall Plan, which end of the Cold War, it should also be seen peaceful resolution of internal disputes. As made financial adjustments and outlays as an immense step toward global co-oper it becomes a more plural and open society, a play the dual role of supporting reconstruc ation. To further this aim, the first summit society more dependent on the uninterrupt tion and of inducing a habit of consultation would establish a planning group authorised ed movement of people and goods across and collaboration among the nations of to create support among other states for frontiers, the Soviet Union's stake in re Western Europe, and between these nations converting the Security Council into an in pressing international terrorism and the and the United States. The plan's rapid im stitution able to identify risks to widely movement of illicit goods-narcotics, materi plementation eased social tensions in West shared interests and to adopt and imple als for manufacturing weapons of mass de ern European countries, re-invigorated their ment decisions. The conversion would in struction, art treasures, nuclear and other economies and imparted a momentum to volve adding Japan and the Federal Repub toxic wastes-will increasingly approximate international relations which culminated in lic as permanent members and expanding to that of the United States and its tradi the institutions of co-operation which domi the Council's authority to include all serious tional allies. The growth of environmental nate the current scene. threats to human welfare. consciousness in the Soviet Union, coupled In his letter to the G-7 Heads of State, If the past is prologue, Bush will go on with the growing exposure of decision Gorbachev announced the readiness of the drifting with the current of events, steering makers to popular pressure, is establishing Soviet Union to become an active partici to avoid a shoal here and there, husbanding another point of convergence between the pant in global economic affairs. The mem his stores, exhorting his crew, defending his concerns of its elites and those of our own. bers of the Group of Seven should respond flag, all the while hoping to arrive at an This happy conjuncture of interests (and by proposing discussions among Soviet and agreeable place, but unwilling to raise sail in the inception thereof) between the two G-7 officials about means for increasing the favouring wind and plot his own way. great protagonists of the Cold War cries out economic interaction. Each of the G-7 party And yet, as he himself concedes, an extraor for institutional expression designed to leaders should designate a prestigious dinary and fragile process of change is oc avert misunderstandings, to concert policy figure, backed by a small staff of experts curring in the Soviet Union, which the and to strengthen within each country the from government, research centres, acade United States is in a position to support. It advocates of co-operation. But although the mia and the private sector, to conduct those is also in a position to attempt to determine US and the USSR are necessary partici discussions. The designee would report di a future in which the governing systems of pants in any collective effort to address the rectly to his president or prime minister. In the world may be able to act collectively in central risks to security, they are not suffi proposing discussions, the G-7 should have relation to the changes they share. No cient. In order to contain the destructive several immediate objectives. One is to iden President since Truman, possibly since and centrifugal forces at work in the world, tify the scale of credits required to give Gor Franklin Roosevelt, has faced an environ all of the leading states must be drawn to a bachev breathing space and leverage. A ment so full of promise and peril. Bush's structure that will invest them with the second is to assist Soviet experts in planning acts and omissions will soon settle the ques prestige and power, and the constraints and the integration of foreign investment into tion of whether the American people have responsibilities, of system managers. the transition toward a relatively open econ elected a man, if not for all seasons, then at Bush has not responded to this cry, and omy. A third is to strengthen personal and least for this one. · will not as long as he imagines that policy institutional links between important seg consists only of incremental adjustment ments of the Soviet bureaucracy and their and, when adjustment fails, of crisis man G-7 counterparts. And a fourth is to deepen WE NEED A PUBLIC SOLUTION agement. Through the excess of caution, or those links among the Group of Seven. On TO LONG-TERM CARE an insufficiency of imagination, he has ig the basis of proposals developed by the par nored this opportunity, just as he has ticipants in this exercise, the relevant G-7 lagged thus far in confronting the fact that cabinet members, working closely with busi HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN reform of the Soviet system will explode in ness and financial pashas (and in the United OF FLORIDA the hands of its practitioners, in such a way States with Congressional luminaries), as to restore-with heightened inflama should assemble export credits and invest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion-the condition of cold war. ment guarantees sufficient in scale to fur Tuesday, March 6, 1990 By getting aid for Poland and Hungary to nish Gorbachev with the means for tangibly the top of the agenda at the recent econom improving the condition of Soviet consum Mr. LEHMAN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, in ic summit of the Group of Seven, and by ers. They should also agree on institutional February, I met in my district office with a committing the United States to contribute arrangements for collective allocation of the group of constituents who are concerned $119 million, Bush made a beginning. But credits and guarantees so that the allies about the affordability of long-term health the risk is greatest in the Soviet Union move as one to reinforce positive develop care. itself, where the authority of the regime is ments in the Soviet transition. Their organization is called the National unravelling at a stunning pace. If Stalin Since the Japanese have most of the spare Long-Term Care Campaign, which is very were in power, that would be marvellous, be capital required to finance Soviet imports. cause any alternative would be superior. Japan should chair the group of experts, active locally as well as on the national level. With Gorbachev in power, it is distressing, the ministerial consultation, and the co-or Since Congress will be reviewing various because the most likely alternative is a reac dinating mechanism. And the Japanese long-term health care proposals, I would like tionary government ruling by terror. And if, Prime Minister should co-chair the summit, very much to share with my colleagues part of to save themselves, Gorbachev and his col with President Gorbachev required to nego the position paper from this organization. leagues yielded to pressure for the imposi tiate the precise arrangements and under tion of martial law, they, too, would end up standings that would commit the capitalist WE NEED A PuBLIC SOLUTION TO LONG-TERM ruling by the knout. After glasnost, any democracies to helping perestroika succeed. CARE thing like the old order of things will not be As things stand now, however, it is the Brooklyn and This year, the theme of Jewish Heritage cies, when you can afford them, provide Queens; Alfred E. Jennings-Irish-American Week is "Women of Valor: Cele~rating the very limited services of therapists, nurses business-Brooklyn Union Gas Co., director of American Jewish Woman." Jewish Heritage and home health aides. community relations; Andy O'Neill, Kings Week will also focus on the many religious Families USA Foundation in collaboration County, AOH, past president-division 19; John celebrations and cultural events that take with James P. Firman and Susan Pointlask zek, just released, a research report entitled, O'Donnell-Gaelic sports-Brooklyn Sham place in the spring, among them, Passover, the Unaffordability of Nursing Home Insur rocks Football Club and parade chairperson; the holiday of redemption from slavery; Israel ance. People over 80 years old cannot buy Peggy Toner, dance chairperson; Eileen Independence Day; Jerusalem Day; the anni nursing home insurance. The study focuses O'Dea, journal chairperson; Peggy Lynaugh, versary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; and on policies available to healthy persons be parade officers and members and all the citi Holocaust Memorial Day. tween the ages of 65 and 79. The average zens of Brooklyn participating in this important Mr. Speaker, I request that the full text of price per person per year, at age 65 is $1,255, and memorable cultural and civic event. this resolution be printed at this point in the at age 70 is $1,808, at age 75 is $2,879 and at CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, and I invite my col age 79 becomes $3,860. The study proves that very few senior citizens can afford leagues to join me in cosponsoring this com A DEDICATED FEDERAL memorative resolution. these rates. EMPLOYEE RETIRES I believe in a public solution similar to H.J. RES. 501 Social Security or Medicare. Private insur ance is too expensive and doesn't provide all Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep the care that is needed. Families need a HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, public solution for Long-Term Care. OF PENNSYLVANIA Whereas May 10, 1990, marks the forty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES second anniversary of the founding of the A TRIBUTE TO THE BROOKLYN Tuesday, March 6, 1990 State of Israel; IRISH-AMERICAN PARADE Whereas the months of April, May and Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask my col June contain events of major significance in COMMITTEE ON ITS 15TH leagues to join with me in congratulating upon the Jewish calendar, including Passover, the ANNUAL PARADE his retirement a constituent who has faithfully anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, served his Nation and community for nearly Holocaust Memorial Day, and Jerusalem HON. CHARLES E. SCHUMER 32 years. Day; OF NEW YORK Ronald H. Zimmerman, known to his many Whereas the Congress recognizes that an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES friends as Zimmy, lives in Halifax, PA. For the understanding of the heritage of all ethnic groups in this Nation contributes to the Tuesday, March 6, 1990 past three decades, he has worked as an unity of this Nation; FAA area supervisor at the Terminal Radar Whereas understanding among ethnic Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. Speaker, it is with great Approach Control Facility and Airport Traffic pleasure that I call my colleague's attention to groups in this Nation may be fostered fur Control Tower at Capital City Airport in New ther through an appreciation of the culture, the Brooklyn Irish-American Parade Commit Cumberland, PA. As a supervisor, Zimmy was history, and traditions of the Jewish com tee on its 15th annual parade to be held on a role model to those men and women who munity and the contributions of Jewish Sunday, March 25, 1990, at the historic site of are responsible for the safety of thousands of people to this Nation: Now, therefore be it the Battle of Brooklyn in which Irish Freedom passengers in America's skies. Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep Fighters gave their lives to secure Independ I thank Ronald Zimmerman for his dedicat resentatives of the United States of America ence for America. in Congress assembled, That the week of ed service; our country depends on employ The Brooklyn Irish-American Parade high May 6, 1990, through May 13, 1990, is desig ees like him. I know he will be sorely missed lights the cultural, educational and historical nated as "Jewish Heritage Week", and the by his colleagues. accomplishments and contributions of Brook President is authorized and requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the people lyn's Irish-American community. The parade of the United States, departments and agen encourages an appreciation of an ancient Irish JEWISH HERITAGE WEEK cies of State and local governments, and in · heritage and celebrates Brooklyn's cultural di terested organizations to observe such week versity. HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and This year's theme is "Games of the Gael: OF NEW YORK programs. Hurling, Camogie, Gaelic Football and Hand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ball" in honor of Kathleen O'Dwyer McDon agh, native of Drombane, Thurles, County Tip Tuesday, March 6, 1990 H.R. 4185 perary. Ms. O'Dwyer McDonagh, a founder of Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, once again I am the parade, is a leader in promoting Irish pleased to introduce legislation designating sports in Brooklyn and the Northeast. Not only "Jewish Heritage Week" before the House of HON. BILL FRENZEL is she a cofounder of New York's Young Ire Representatives. This legislation presents a OF MINNESOTA lands Camogie Team and the Park Slope unique opportunity to foster renewed appre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Shamrocks Minor Gaelic Football, but she is ciation for the rich culture, heritage, traditions, also the organizer and former president of the and history of the Jewish people, as well as Tuesday, March 6, 1990 North American Camogie Association. the contributions of American Jews to our Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, I have intro Ms. O'Dwyer McDonagh, through her many Nation and our society. duced H.R. 4185 which would include parts years of dedicated and tireless effort, has The legislation designates May 6 to 13, and accessories as eligible for duty-free treat brought public honor and recognition of the 1990 as "Jewish Heritage Week." By so com ment under the Nairobi protocol. The protocol many cultural, educational and civic contribu memorating these few days, Congress and is a multinational agreement granting prefer tions made by the Irish-American community. the American people can continue to promote ential access for items used by the handi Because of her very special work and leader intergroup understanding and the principles of capped. ship, she has been selected by the parade brotherhood which are so pertinent. It is There has been some confusion in the past committee as this year's grand marshal. indeed reprehensible and incomprehensible to as to whether or not parts are included as eli Mr. Speaker, please join me in commending learn of domestic hate crimes and antisemi gible items. Since Customs has ruled that they the Brooklyn Irish-American Parade Commit tism around our country. Jewish Heritage are not included, I have introduced this bill to tee: its grand marshal, Kathleen O'Dwyer Week is commemorated throughout our clarify what I believe is the original intent of McDonagh and her aides, Ann Patricia Behan, Nation with appropriate celebrations and proc- the law. 3574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 CITATION TO MR. FRANKLIN G. This bill is long overdue. Last May I held a pesticides and limits the receipt-of-notice pro SMITH OF EL PASO, TX hearing in my Environment, Energy and Natu visions solely to foreign purchasers. ral Resources Subcommittee on the uncon We also tighten up requirements on the in HON. RONALD D. COLEMAN trolled export of unregistered pesticides. The formation supplied to EPA by exporters so OF TEXAS 1978 amendments to FIFRA require that for that the Agency can adequately police compli IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eign governments receive information about ance with the law. Export product labels must exports of pesticides which can't be used in also be written in the language of the import Tuesday, March 6, 1990 the United States. Yet, according to a GAO ing country and include all of the information Mr. COLEMAN of Texas. Mr. Speaker, it is report released at the hearing, because of which would be contained on U.S. labels. with great pleasure that I rise today to recog loopholes in the law, foreign governments In addition, the bill reduces the kinds of nize Mr. Franklin G. Smith of El Paso, TX, who were not being notified of 90 percent of the data which can be withheld from the public as is being honored this week by the U.S. De unregistered pesticides exported from this confidential business information and sets up partment of the Inferior. Mr. Smith will be re country. a strict notification scheme to let foreign gov ceiving the Department's highest honorary In the last 1O years the global pesticide ernments know of important EPA pesticide recognition-the Distinguished Service market doubled and U.S. exports accounted regulatory decisions. Award-for his outstanding career with the for one-quarter of the world's supply. But Finally, aot only is the bill important for pro National Park Service. This citation is granted many importing countries don't have the re tecting our own consumers and farmers and for an exceptional contribution by an individual sources or expertise to regulate the chemicals those in foreign countries, it is also important to public service in the performance of his or that they are shipped. for protecting the good name of our country. her duties with the Department. According to a U.N. survey of 115 countries We should not be sending abroad those prod Mr. Smith's career has spanned a variety of which I released at my hearing, many nations, ucts which we have determined are detrimen positions and today he is the superintendent especially in the Third World, lacked the ability tal to public health or the environment. of the Chamizal National Memorial-a com to assure safe pesticide practices. These munity cultural center located on the border practices may be a threat to the health of between El Paso and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. farmworkers and the environment in those for EULOGY FOR CHAVEZ COHO Operating from the premise that the best way eign countries. Unfortunately, they may also to communicate across the boundaries of lan be a threat to American consumers when HON. BILL RICHARDSON guage and culture is through the arts, Mr. foods containing residues of banned products OF NEW MEXICO Smith's work has encompassed a broad spec are imported back to the United States. Other trum of highly successful annual cultural pro GAO and congressional investigations show IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grams including a 3-day Border Folk Festival, that high rates of violations commonly occur. Tuesday, March 6, 1990 the Border Jazz Festival, Charreadas (tradi Even with a flawed inspection system, 'the Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, the tional Mexican rodeos), El Grito (celebrating Food and Drug Administration [FDA] reports Ramah Navajo School Board is presently con Mexican independence), and the international that 5 percent of imported products contain structing an educational facility on its Pine Hill ly acclaimed Seiglo de Oro Drama Festival. residues of pesticides not registered for that campus. The facility will aptly bear the name His professionalism, competence, and com use here. For some commodities like cab of Ramah Navajo School Board founder mitment have made him an example and an bages, the FDA has found 14 percent of im Chavez P. Coho. Chavez Coho led a remarka inspiration to his colleagues. Through theatri ports had violations. Imported blackberries ble and full life in service to the Navajo people cal performances, graphic-arts displays, infor had an even greater rate of violations, at 38 and the Ramah chapter until his death in mation services, publications, films, and exhib percent. Does the consumer really have to 1987. its, Frank Smith has successfully delivered the face fruit salad roulette at the grocery store. As a child, Chavez Coho did not have the message of the Chamizal-a message of the American farmers have a right to be angry opportunity to attend school because the peace and friendship we wish to foster along when they see foreign producers competing Ramah area lacked such facilities. It was this the El Paso-Juarez border and between our against them using chemicals that they can't sad situation which compelled him to dedicate two nations. Under his leadership and guid use here. And American consumers have a many years of his life to assure Ramah's citi ance, the Chamizal has fulfilled its mission of right to be angry since almost no foreign agri zens would one day be able to send their chil becoming a living memorial to the spirit of cultural products get tested at our borders and dren to a local school. As president of the international cooperation and goodwill. many residues are virtually untestable at entry. In addition to his efforts to broaden the cul school board, Chavez sought that an uncom Without accurate and complete EPA export in promising pursuit of excellence in education tural growth and development of the Chami formation shared with other Federal agencies zal, Mr. Smith is an effective and dedicated be the Ramah School Board's goal. His spirit and foreign governments, border inspectors is still very much a part of the Ramah Navajo administrator whose commitment to employee will not even know which pesticide residues to service has led to the establishment of excep School Board and the Ramah chapter. look for. In addition to founding the school board and tional programs in equal opportunity and co While EPA has attempted to correct some operative education. serving as its president, Chavez Coho served of these problems since our hearing, their reg as a tribal judge, chapter president, Tribal Mr. Speaker, for his eminent career with the ulations don't go far enough. The Agency pro National Park Service, Franklin G. Smith is Council delegate and in several other impor posal merely tightens the requirements on tant positions. The building of an education fa most deserving of this prestigious award export labels, trusting the users, importers, granted to him by the Department of the Inte cility in his name is a most fitting tribute to his and food inspection agencies to prevent re life of service. rior. The work and invaluable service he pro introduction of unregistered products. This is vides for his community will not be forgotten. Mr. Speaker, I am submitting for insertion in like putting a Band-Aid on a broken leg. Only the RECORD a eulogy for Chavez Coho written one solution will work-a prohibition on the by his long-time friend Michael Gross. I be THE INTRODUCTION OF THE export of unregistered and banned products lieve it reflects the inspirational character of PESTICIDE EXPORT CONTROL except for limited research and medical pur life Chavez led and I submit it to my col ACT poses. This step requires new legislation. leagues' attention: But putting controls on banned or unregis EULOGY FOR CHAVEZ COHO HON. MIKE SYNAR tered products is not enough. Our bill puts new requirements on the export of restricted MIAMI INS OFFICE School but it laid out no plan for expanding taxes already paid back? I did some research that concept. and concluded the answer was no. There In December 1969, a private foundation in were a few cases which might help make an HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN New York which had contacted me made a argument that the tax was illegal but noth OF FLORIDA $2000 grant to the Ramah Navajo communi ing directly on point. Still the Board with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ty on the condition that it would try to start Mr. Coho firmly leading the way directed its own school from scratch. No Indian com me to pursue a claim. I did. And once again Tuesday, March 6, 1990 munity this century had ever done that. On Ramah made history. February 6, 1970, in the company of Leo Five years after the claim for refund of Mr. LEHMAN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, of all Haven and representatives from Rough taxes was first made, the U.S. Supreme the offices of the Immigration and Naturaliza Rock, I attended an historic Ramah Navajo Court handed down its 6-3 decision. We had tion Service, the Miami district office ranks at Chapter meeting. I presented a plan for won and all of the taxes plus interest was returned to the Board. I can corporated, and using the $2000 to raise op the problems it faces and the challenge it still see Mr. Coho and the other Board poses to its top administrator. erating funds from the government. The members sitting in the first row of the Su rest of the story is pretty well known. That preme Court Chamber listening to the legal I am pleased to report to you that the Com day Chavez Coho was elected to the first arguments. missioner of the INS has appointed Richard B. Ramah Navajo School Board. He served on I also remember one time at a convention, Smith as the new director of the INS Miami it, most of the time as President, for the I think it was the old Coalition of Indian office. next 17 years and was still serving on it Controlled School Boards, when I was ex It takes a special person to fill this post. For when he died. plaining how the Ramah case was my first years, Perry Rivkind, one of the INS' most It is safe to say the School Board became case out of law school and I was still work Chavez Coho's life. And to a great extent ing on it. Mr. Coho in a loud stage whisper able administrators, directed this office. Mr. Indian self-determination was born through cut in and said: "That's because you haven't Smith served as his chief assistant, and he is his efforts. Along with his fellow school won it yet!" well familiar with the special issues facing board members, he went to Washington to There was a bond between us. We came south Florida. He is also a career INS employ raise the funds. He addressed Congressmen from different worlds. We had trouble com ee who knows his agency from the bottom up. and Senators in halting English and told municating with one another. And yet the I know that my colleagues join me in con them of his dreams for education. He spoke trust was there. I knew he knew that with about his own upbringing, how he had never both of us the school and its welfare came gratulating Mr. Smith on his appointment, and gone beyond the third grade, how the BIA first. He was truly dedicated to improving I would like to share with them an article on had often promised a school but never deliv life in his community and he saw education this matter which appeared in the Miami ered. His message was effective. In early as the chief means to do it. Herald. 3576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 [From the Miami Herald, Mar. 2, 19901 said his biggest priority is the continuing classes in Canarsie and view the exciting sites MIAMI INS INSIDER NAMED DISTRICT CHIEF effort to bring the backlogged Miami office of New York. California, our level. Current events in Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua young visitors will be warmed by their com I congratulate Aaron on all his achieve and Eastern Europe notwithstanding. Smith panion students from Wilson as they attend ments and wish him continued success. March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3577 INTRODUCTION OF THE LAW Scholarship Act becomes law before the end Abraham is not the sort to climb into the ENFORCEMENT SCHOLARSHIP of the 101 st Congress. ring during the prefight celebrity introduc ACT OF 1990 tions. Yet it was he who, however anony mously, produced a single heavyweight FISTS FULL OF DOLLARS champion out of three titleholders and HON. EDWARD F. FEIGHAN many more self-interests. You can give OF OHIO credit to Mike Tyson if you want, but com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. BILL RICHARDSON pared with the battles Abraham fought, the OF NEW MEXICO boxer's path was greased. Abraham quietly Tuesday, March 6, 1990 guides boxing's most important division, and Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he negotiates the Tyson fights you will see troducing legislation designed to help those Tuesday, March 6, 1990 on cable TV for some time to come. He helps decide who will be the next Sugar Ray public servants who daily risk their lives to Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, we need protect us: our Nation's law enforcement offi Leonard and, for that matter, when and boxing reform legislation in light of the Buster whom the old one will fight. It is Abraham cers. With low pay, long hours, and stressful, Douglas-Mike Tyson fiasco in Tokyo to pre who, backed by a production and program dangerous work, these professionals are on vent the shenanigans of people like Don King. ming budget of $50 million a year, has ele the front line of the war on drugs but for too Yet there are some bright lights in the sport. vated Saturday afternoon fights, once the long have been at the back of the line for One is Seth Abraham of HBO. Seth has given transition between cliff-diving and rhythmic Federal aid. My bill aims to change that situa boxing positive visibility through a very well gymnastics, into prime-time events. tion. The Law Enforcement Scholarship Act of We'll leave it to the promoters to argue seen, safety conscious boxing series. 1990 will provide Federal money to the States whether he is the smartest man in boxing or As the enclosed article in Sports Illustrated so that scholarships may be provided to eligi just the luckiest. We'll leave it to the social demonstrates, Seth Abraham is a class act, ble law enforcement officers. historians to decide whether he has especially since he has to put up with Don wrought cultural changes on the scale of, While over 65 percent of the police officers King. say, Monday Night Football. But please! Let in America have some college course credit, FISTS FuLL OF DOLLARS-THROUGH HAIR nobody dispute that Abraham, whom one only 22.5 percent have completed a bache friend describes as "prissy" (he is certainly lor's degree. Law enforcement organizations RAISING, 12-ROUND NEGOTIATIONS WITH PROMOTERS LIKE DoN KING, HBO's SETH dapper), is the least likely man ever to sit are convinced that officers who have pursued ABRAHAM HAS BECOME THE HEAVIEST across a table from Don King. college educations are better-equipped to HITTER IN THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONAL Here's King at that table, finally taking handle the difficult situations faced by today's BOXING notice of this impossibly well-mannered in law enforcement community. We must ensure terloper: "What's a nice Jewish boy like you baseball commissioner's office ance. The least we can do for law enforce Rappaport. Somebody actually did this. A doing gentlemanly deals on behalf of the ment officers who desire to further their edu man of respectable upbringing Chis father is national pastime, as Abraham did from 1974 a lawyer), education Boston University) and seeming sensitivity grew up down the street from Ebbets Field The Law Enforcement Scholarship Act au (his mother-in-law calls him to help draft and saved Borden's ice-cream wrappers to thorizes $30 million for law enforcement her thank-you notes) set out to make deals trade in for a bleacher-seat ticket every scholarship programs. States would determine with men for whom piracy would be an ab Friday. But Abraham says he needed which officers would be eligible for participa surdly lofty goal, a relative priesthood. more-the adrenaline generated by the ulti tion, although emphasis would be given to un Would you like to meet this fellow's voca mate deal, a deal that is almost certainly ca dergraduate study and to members of under tional counselor? lamitous, only possibly rewarding. A boxing represented racial, ethnic, and gender groups. Would you like to meet this fellow? When deal. he gets up in the morning, whistling at his Ten years ago, newly hired to a sports pro Eligibility would require 2 years of service as a prospects, it might be to do business with gramming job that HBO was thinking of law enforcement officer immediately preceding Bob Arum, who once dismissed a contradic eliminating, Abraham steer the network and application for the scholarship. In addition, tion with the following reassurance: "Yes himself into boxing as a programming scholarship recipients would be required to terday I was lying, but today I'm telling the staple. Moving quickly to generate confi serve as a law enforcement officer for a cer truth." dence in HBO's little sports division, he ne tain length of time after completing their This fellow is Seth Abraham, senior vice gotiated a championship bout between courses, depending on the number of courses president for sports programming at Home WBC welterweight champ Wilfred Benitez for which they received aid. The bill would Box Office, a man whose corporate title and and Harold Weston. It was suprisingly easy. bearing are entirely misleading. First, they No wonder boxing attracts such scoundrels, also provide such assistance for corrections obscure the fact that he controls, to a large he thought: They are drawn to the ease officers, other public servants who are over degree, the colorful business of boxing, an with which high-dollar business can be ac worked by the current soaring level of crime. enterprise that one rival in cable-TV sports complished. But days went by without at Between 1978 and 1987, violent crime in describes as "Guys and Dolls without the tention being paid to his masterstroke. Pub creased 22.5 percent. In our ever more violent music." Second, they give the impression licity was scant. Matter of fact, he did not society, we rely increasingly on law enforce there is something soft or conventional see anything in the newswpapers about his ment to protect our homes, our neighbor about Abraham. His presence in boxing is so fight, and he reads eight papers every day. hoods, our friends and our families. We must unlikely that it amuses even King, who says, He called up Madison Square Garden to in ensure that these officers are better-equipped "He's got these big rimmed glasses! He quire into the lack of promotion. Well, he wears suspenders and he enunciates!" was told, as there is no such fight .... to confront this unprecedented crime wave. Others are not amused. Lewis has called "I had bought a fight that didn't exist!" Mr. Speaker, I am hopeful that this bill will be Abraham "very vindictive." King admits he says. Ten years has been time enough to part of a larger effort to address more effec Abraham is a "voracious tiger," but that is turn a career-killer into cocktail-party chat tively the overwhelming level of crime across King's idea of high praise. As for being con ter, but at the beginning, time was in short the United States. I am proud that it has al ventional, Abraham is a man who staked supply. As legend has it the week before ready been endorsed by the Fraternal Order the name and resources of HBO New York City, he indicates perhaps a remained was for Berbick to sign a contract. right gifts for his friends and whose real joy dozen turns, each with a mileage reading. He had agreed to do so. In the meantime, is pickup basketball. "He was kinda green," "At 9G," he will say, "turn north. Set your Dennis Rappaport, Gerry Cooney's promot says King. Of course, the point of this story odometer. At point-five miles, you'll see an er, was announcing that Herbick had agreed is not that Abraham was fooled-who isn't antique store. Set your odometer." Once to fight Cooney outside the series. Some in this business?-but rather that he's still done, he says, "Let's go over it again." He thing needed to be worked out here. Herbick around 10 years later. Back when Abraham loves to recount past deals, always starting agreed to meet Abraham and King at the first called him up, all King could manage with the date. "August of '87," he'll say, Las Vegas Hilton to sign for the Tyson on the phone was, "Who are you, anyway?" leaning back into the story. He's the kind of fight. Telephoning King from his corner office guy who, when he leaves his office, picks up But where was Berbick? The day of the good view, nice furniture and a lot of sport an index card from his secretary with all meeting one of his agents showed up at the ing knickknacks -Abra Yet he makes million-dollar deals on nap fused to disclose the fighter's whereabouts. ham says, "Don, Don, Don." Muffled bark kins at oyster bars. At last year's U.S. Open This agent, not familiar with surveillance ing comes out of the receiver."Don, Don, tennis tournament, he invited King to the techniques, then hopped into the first avail Don." Abraham appears stricken by what quarterfinal match between Ivan Lendl and able cab. One of King's lieutenants, Duke he is hearing. "Don! It's my birthday. For Tim Mayotte, and between points they Durden, got into the next available cab and my birthday, you can't give me the fifty? worked on details of a proposed lifetime was able to say-as they do only in movies Don, Don, Don," There is more muffled contract for Tyson. It wasn't the first time and boxing-"Follow that car." Durden barking and, apparently, the slamming of a Abraham had sketched a contract on a tailed the agent to Caesars Palace and dis phone. Abraham looks up, amused by the tennis program. For all his fastidiousness, covered that Berbick was staying there little drama. "Jousting," he says. he is not a man of corporate caution. under the alias Tommy Brown. Durden The two are negotiating the licensing fee Reconcile this: Abraham wanders around called King to the scene, and together they for the March 17 Julio Cesar Chavez-Mel his new farm in a dream state-a Brooklyn went to the fighter's room and knocked on drick Taylor fight, which Abraham has es kid gone goofy-pointing out butterflies and the door. Herbick asked who it was. King sentially created for HBO. He has been hawks to his four-year-old daughter, Sari, said, "Room service." Herbick swung the trying to turn Chavez, the WBC junior wel while the phone rings off the hook Inside door open and, wideeyed, looked at the two terweight champion, into an HBO star. He the big red barn of a house. The next day men filling his doorway. He said, "Hey, has already paid the fighter $5 million for he leaves for his regular pickup basketball you're not room service." six fights, and Abraham needs a matchup game at the 23rd Street YMCA in New York Papers were quickly signed, and the series with another undefeated champion-Taylor, City-"do-or-die basketball," says another remained intact. "This is not a business for the IBF junior welterweight titleholder-to participant, advertising legend George Lois, choirboys," says Abraham. He adds, "But secure the payoff. Abraham has been work the man who gave us Mr. Whipple. Plays de how can you not have fun with this?" ing on this for nine months, trying to over fense with his teeth, says Lois, and shocks Some stories: One night in Las Vegas back come the reluctance of each fighter's pro the street kids-"these aren't yuppies" in 1985, Abraham was hosting a dinner moter to risk his championship franchise. with his shooting. Sulks mightily when he party for 12 friends and relatives. It was Promoters agree that a division should be loses. Abraham has been going to city gyms strictly a social gathering. But at the time, represented by a single champion, but only for a decade or so, same gyms, same players, Abraham had been idly inquiring into the if he is their fighter. This cannot be guaran and doesn't even know the palyers' names. possibility of a Larry Holmes-Michael teed. He is 42, 10 years past retirement age for Spinks fight on HBO. "So who shows up at Nevertheless, Abraham has brought King, most guys at the Y, and just 5' 10· in his dinner," says Abraham, "but Don and Chavez's promoter, together with King's hightops. "I don't play basketball for fun." Butch." This would be King and Lewis, who hated rival, Dan Duva, Taylor's promoter. he says. And then, his fires banked, he re represented Holmes and Spinks, respective And the fight has been made. All that re turns to his family. ly. "It was about 11 o'clock. Everything mains to be resolved is the difference be Or this: He can bluster with the best of stopped. I moved my father-in-law down a tween King's asking price of $2.9 million them. In an early deal King tried intimida spot and moved Uncle Irv. And the three of and Abraham's offer of $2.85 million. They tioin and sprang at Abraham, stopping just us, me, Don and Butch, sat there until after had begun with a $1.3 million spread and short of physical contact. Abraham sat two, talking about how to make Holmes narrowed it to these ... pennies. Fifty thou there impassively and then lit into King. He Spinks for HBO. It was like a Passover sand is loose change to these men, but it is says he recently had to insult a promoter seder. Everybody else just sat there and clear that each enjoys the opportunity to for 15 minutes, which is about three days watched us." dive for it. The phone rings in Abraham's short of the time required to hurt a promot After Gerrie Cotezee beat Michael Dokes office. Muffled barking comes out of the re er's feelings. in Richfield, Ohio, in 1983, King and Abra ceiver. King, it turns out, is reminding Abra And all the while he might have been ham began wondering if it wouldn't be pos ham of a favor to be returned, a time when plotting his wife's 40th-birthday party, an sible to make Holmes-Coetzee. Let's talk, King delivered Tyson, gratis, for one of elaborate surprise no other husband should they said. King phoned ahead to Winston's, Abraham's corporate functions. Abraham, allow his wife to read about. Champagne a rib joint in Cleveland, and King's and as if he had been waiting for King to re and chocolate cake aboard the Orient Ex Abraham's staff repaired there. "They member this all along, says, "You got the press from Paris to Venice, then a flight hadn't seen any white faces at Winston's fifty," and they quickly move on to other back to Paris and a frontrow seat at an Yves since before the war," says Abraham, "and I pleasantries, such as possible sites for a St. Laurent fashion show, where she could mean the Civil War." Two of Abraham's planned Tyson-Razor Ruddock fight. (The turn to Catherine Deneuve or Paloma Picas aides, both white, arrived early, looked bout was later postponed when Tyson so and say, "Lynn Abraham, New Jersey." around the neighborhood and hunkered became ill and has not yet been resched The party took more than a year to plan. down in their car until King's limo arrived. uled.> Off the phone Abraham says, "Don What is he doing in this business? Abra They all ate smoked whitefish and ribs until knew I was going to buy the Chavez fight, ham never even saw a live fight until he was 5 a.m. and pounded out a fight on paper. and he knew that I knew he knew." The 27, when Lynn surprised him by getting That fight never took place, but Abraham back and forth was just for fun? Not entire tickets to a bout at Madison Square Garden. betrays no disappointment in the telling. ly. "I'm not going to roll over for even one Well, how does someone prepare for the The point is, they made a deal. dollar." boxing business, anyway? Take the Chavez Another time Abraham found himself Abraham is one of life's strange discover Taylor deal. For nine months Abraham dealing with Arum on a series of fights for ies, a man of apparent contradictions who worked to reconcile the two parties, making Marvelous Marvin Hagler, HBO's original is, nevertheless, entirely at peace with him just the right promises, extracting just the meal ticket. This was at the U.S. Open in self. He battles King for that dollar and right concessions. A fight involving the prin- 1983, and the only available paper on which March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3579 to scratch out a contract was the tennis pro there are plenty of people who can explain tainly the best paid. Having starred in gram. Abraham took pains not to write near the logic of broadcasting fights. Jay Larkin, HBO's $22 million title-unification series, the figures denoting the tennis players' the director of original programs at Show Tyson is now the featured attraction in an career earnings. "I didn't want Bob coming time, has followed Abraham's lead into eight-bout series for which HBO has been back and pointing to this $1.3 million boxing, though with a smaller budget. glad to pay him $26.5 million. figure," he says. Showtime does only four to eight fights a Can he be worth that? Well, Tyson is the For boxing, such informality represents year, while HBO does an average of 12. one piece of continuing programming that business as usual. Boxing has resisted the Larkin thinks boxing is a natural. "A fight demonstrably generates new subscribers. normal principles and practices of com brings out celebrities and generates press at "Here's a snapshot," says Abraham. "On merce and instead moves along by accidents tention," he says. Larkin believes HBO the day of the Holmes-Tyson fight, Cablevi of inspiration and perseverance, its ethics made boxing acceptable for prime-time sion, which serves Long Island, reports a developed on the fly. The working moral viewing, although he feels that HBO over record number of sign-ups. Snapshot: In '87, code, Abraham says, is "who screws who produces its fights ("Oh, look, this must be when we started with Tyson in earnest in first." But everyone seems to enjoy the op a 12-camera shot!"). "You've got to give the heavyweight series, 40 percent of the portunity to do high-stakes business outside HBO a lot of credit for recognizing the com men who subscribed to HBO for the first a boardroom, in an arena where the only patibility of cable and the sport," he says. time said they did it because of boxing." rule is that there are no rules. "They put the tuxedo on boxing." Tyson, even including his three nontitle So what was HBO thinking of when it got They also recognized the numbers. HBO bouts, has averaged a 35 share of HBO view into this business? Like Abraham, did it just soon discovered that while its movies were ers, and in a fight with Frank Bruno he not know? averaging a 19 share-the percentage of hauled in a 55 share. These bouts, Abraham The story: "The idea of boxing? It just viewers watching a show-in HBO homes, points out, might last no more than 93 sec came to me. I wouldn't call it a revelation, Hagler was averaging a 26 share. Hagler has onds. That minute and a half refers to but it was a very odd experience," Abraham come and gone, but HBO still averages a 27 Tyson's demolition of Carl Williams, which says. He and Fuchs found themselves at a share for its fights. drew, incidentally, a 51 share. "Earthquake Rangers-Flyers game at the Garden-"This Abraham believes HBO has done more numbers," says Abraham. was March of '79"-for what turned out to than stumble upon a viewing phenomenon. Obviously Tyson's dominance does not be one of the great brawls in NHL history. He believes the company has fine-tuned a hurt his-or HBO's-drawing power. The Just as the fights on the ice wore down, the particular kind of programming, made an viewers are not put off by the noncompeti Flyers found a second wind and charged art of it. "We don't just do boxing, we do tive nature of a fight between Tyson and, into the stands after hecklers. The mayhem boxing that tells a story," he says. He has say, a contender like Ruddock. While the went on for another 30 minutes. Fuchs and been trying to make a story out of Chavez, date for that fight was up in the air, the Abraham, hardly hockey fans, turned to nursing him along from division to division rest of the broadcast industry was on hold. their reading. Fuchs dived into some Holly until, someday, he fights as a welterweight. When HBO announced a date that inter wood trade papers, Abraham into the New Abraham is also waiting to make a story out fered with other fights, says Larkin, "shows York Post. of IBF middleweight champion Michael began falling like dominoes." Larkin says There he came across a story about Nunn. HBO is presenting Nunn as "the Showtime had planned to hold its Evander Hagler, who was proclaiming himself the princeling in waiting." Holyfield-Alex Stewart fight on the same uncrowned middleweight champion. The "We bought a whole bunch of fights to date. "For about half a second we thought idea appealed to Abraham, and he turned to tell the story, to take us right to Leonard about it," he recalls. "You know the saying, Fuchs and said, "This guy's got moxie." Nunn if that would develop," Abraham says. Where does a 400-pound gorilla sit?" Fuchs was equally intrigued, and Abraham Occasionally the drama drifts into bur But Tyson, like everything else in boxing, got his go-ahead into the fight business. lesque, as it did in a recent program involv was an accident of inspiration and persever The next day Abraham called Arum, ing Chavez. Just keeping his hand in, ance. Abraham didn't invent him, but at the Hagler's promoter. "We had breakfast at Chavez was an 18-1 favorite over Sammy time of Tyson's miraculous appearance the Dorset Hotel," Abraham says. "We Fuentes. HBO and Caesars Palace hoped to Abraham was pushing forward his .heavy stayed in the dining room four hours. The dress up the card by adding Julian Jackson weight tournament, a bit of genius that ev reason I remember is, the maitre d', Vito, in a defense of his WBA junior middle erybody agreed would go down as a noble asked if we wanted lunch. We didn't." weight title against Troy Wortham. But failure. In the end it turned out to be the Arum recalls, "They were paying more Jackson dropped out with an eye injury ideal vehicle for Tyson. Without the tourna than the networks, but barely," King re eight days before the fight, and the promot ment Tyson might be as dominant a boxer, members that HBO was paying quite a bit ers were left with a rather lackluster event. but he would not hold the unified champi less. That same year, 1979, he was trying to Chavez won by a TKO in the 10th round. onship. peddle a Holmes fight with Mike Weaver, a Duva says Abraham is a tough sell be In unifying the title, Abraham was asking guy with an 18-8 record. King's price was $1 cause fighters have to meet, after every promoters and fighters to enter an era of million, ABC's was $750,000. "I gave HBO thing else, a test of theatricality. "Do they uncertainty, one in which only the best man that fight," says King. "Seth came in holler think he's special? Can his fights become would win. Such a notion is contrary to the ing they didn't have no money, they had to events? Are there a number of quality oppo business of boxing. At the time-"this was scuffle along, and he could maybe get me nents to be featured, and is there a super late spring of 1985" -Abraham was being be $125,000. I started laughing. But I was fight that can be pointed to?" Duva asks. sieged by King, who controlled WBC heavy dogged determined not to give the fight to "In the case of Nunn, there was Leonard. weight champion Pinklon Thomas, among ABC, which could afford my price. And I That was Nunn's edge over Taylor." others. King was trying to sell Abraham on kind of liked the way that Seth talked." Life is not easy for promoters who can't a Thomas-Berbick fight. King took the paltry $125,000. This seems attract Abraham's interest. Duva has ex "I said this fight means nothing," Abra patently unbelievable, but both King and cuses not only for Taylor but also for an ham recalls. "Even if it's an evenly matched Abraham insist that the story is true. other of his fighters, Pernell Whitaker. fight, it means nothing. All through the The fight, which Holmes won by a TKO "They have the ability at HBO to be a star summer, King keeps badgering me-phone in the 12th round, turned out to be a thrill maker, but they do only a dozen fights a calls, phone calls. The man has got tremen er. In The New York Times, Red Smith year, and three or four of those are Tyson," dous energy. I said, 'Don, it's not gonna wrote a glowing account of the bout the net he says. "Now, if they decide to make Nunn happen.' I'm home in October '85, and I'm works had passed over, and suddenly HBO or Chavez their next star, that eliminates watching the Kansas City-St. Louis World had working arrangements with the two Pernell. I'm not questioning their motive, Series. Don comes to see my new daughter, most important suppliers in boxing. but I obviously disagree with their judg Sari; she was 13 days old. We had lobster. All this encouraged HBO to think increas ment. The difference is, Nunn makes $1 mil During dinner Don says, 'Lynn, please tell ingly in terms of original programming and, lion a fight and Meldrick not even $200,000. Seth to buy the fight. It's a good fight.' Fi specifically, sports programming. The cable Just because he's not on HBO." nally I said, 'Don, you really want to make companies all seemed to show the same Some other cable companies believe history?'-and this idea had been percolat movies, so how could you tell them apart? HBO's lavish approach to boxing produc ing while I watched the World Series. HBO's sports programming as it existed tions is only so much corporate preening. That's where I got the idea, seven games, then was a hodgepodge of 150 different Face it, what mostly works these days is not seven fights. Don stayed until 2 a.m.'' events-volleyball, Wild West Roundup, HBO's storytelling presentation, but the After all their negotiations, it is almost man versus shark. "It filled up airtime," bludgeoning power of Mike Tyson. Tyson impossible for these two men to surprise Abraham says. has put the HB-heavyweight boxing-back each other. King submits wearily to the rit Back then boxing might not have seemed into HBO. Tyson is the man Abraham calls uals of their dealmaking. "Many times Seth an upgrade from man versus shark, but now HBO's most important employee. He is cer- tries to shift me to his subordinates, find 3580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 out what my modus operandi is, get the lay Spinks in June 1988, long after the HBO sence, save an important piece of our nautical of the land, and then he comes in and tries tournament was over, HBO had to show the history. to circumvent it," King says. "He always fight on tape delay. This bill will allow the owners of the historic wants two, three bites of the apple." But All parties are aggrieved to this day. Abra Abraham knew he would have to come up ham says he won't do business with Lewis or wooden sailing ship Zodiac to operate on with something special to force King, who Rappaport. Lewis says he still can't believe short cruises. The Zodiac, based now in Seat already controlled two heavyweight champi Abraham asked him to sell out his own tle, is unique. She was built in 1924 in East ons, into a partnership with Butch Lewis, fighter to accept the $1.25 million and $2 Boothbay, ME, by heirs to the Johnson & promoter of champion No. 3, Michael million purses the HBO tournament was of Johnson pharmaceutical fortune. In 1928, she Spinks. fering when Spinks could earn upward of took part in the trans-Atlantic yacht race from So Abraham read up on Tex Rickard and $20 million outside the series. "He told me if New York to Spain, where she finished fourth. all the other great promoters, men whose I went along with this, my future at HBO In 1931, Mr. Speaker, the Zodiac was sold places in boxing history were secure. "I kept would be secure," Lewis says. "I said, 'I like going back at King, 'You call yourself the all that, but... .' " to the San Francisco Bar Pilots to transfer greatest promoter? Prove it, prove it.' I'd For all the contractual problems Tyson pilots who could guide incoming ships safely say, 'Don, where's your epitaph? That you precipitated, he did save the tournament. in and out of port. The Pilots changed the promoted Ali? Arum promoted Ali.' The More important, Tyson, through his rela name of the schooner to California, bobbed appeal was history." tionship with King, continues to fight under her masts and remodeled the space below The idea of unifying the heavyweight title the HBO banner. This is a comfortable ar deck. The California continued this service was soon revealed as not so much a piece of rangement for King and Abraham but not through 1972. history as a colossal act of naivete. Abraham so wonderful for other promoters. Still, In 1982, the California was placed on the quickly found that each bout would be a nobody except Lewis sees anything improp nightmare to negotiate. In fact, immediately er in this. "If Seth deals with King," says national register of historic places, the official to negotiate. In fact, immediately before the Larkin, employing his best boxing logic, "it's list of our Natior)'s cultural resources worthy first fight of the series, the whole affair was an unholy alliance. If he doesn't, then it's of preservation. plunged into uncertainty when Tim Wither racism." Now, 65 years old, this grand ship is ready spoon tested positive for marijuana after his The problem may be not so much that for a new lease on life. Under the careful bout with Tony Tubbs, and the WBA said HBO monopolizes Tyson, but that Tyson scrutiny of skilled workers, the ship is being Witherspoon's title would be declared monopolizes the division. There are few at restored to its historic elegance, and will be vacant. "I thought there would be a honey tractive matches for Tyson out there, but able to carry small parties around Puget moon," Abraham says. "But it was like the thanks to HBO, Tyson is assured of being Russians had invaded on Inauguration showcased in even the worst of them. Sound. This bill will allow us to save the Day." "Tyson has the unrestricted ability to fight Zodiac, through deeming it as less than 100 Always there was Gerry Cooney lurking anybody he wants and get paid enormous gross tons. outside the tournament, a bigger problem amounts of money," says Duva. "If this This bill, Mr. Speaker, does not and will not retired than when he was active. For leaving were a competitive marketplace, we compromise the ability of the Coast Guard to Cooney out of the draw, Abraham was ac wouldn't be talking about Tyson-Ruddock. ensure that the Zodiac meets all safety stand cused by Cooney's manager, Rappaport, of But Tyson doesn't have to respond to public ards. As the Coast Guard wrote me on Janu being a one-man cartel. Rappaport threat demand. He almost has a hunting license ary 19, 1990, "gross tonnage is a long-used ened legal action, said he was buying Time from HBO.'' Nobody expects the Tyson Inc. stock-who knew how much?-and prom Ruddock show to be historic, but the num term that refers to the cargo carrying capacity ised to raise a ruckus at the next sharehold bers will certainly be there. of the vessel; it is common practice for ves ers' meeting. "Did Dennis forget his fighter Meanwhile, Abraham continues to explore sels of Zodiac's size to use additional bulk was retired?" Abraham wonders. corners of the big picture. The day after he heads and other measures to reduce their Then there was the tournament itself. "As met with King at the U.S. Open-this would cargo carrying capacity so that they measure nobile as it was, it was just not happening," be September '89-he returned to the tour under 100 gross tons and accordingly be cer says Larkin. "There was nobody to watch, nament with Fuchs. They were burdened tified as small passenger vessels." just a lot of fat, out-of-shape guys banging with about "50 pounds of reading material, My goal in this bill is to allow the Zodiac to bellies together. The original idea was inter for between the points," says Fuchs, and esting, but through no fault of HBO, it was they had plenty of ideas. These days are a retain its historic structure, allow its passen turning into a disaster." The parade of cho little different from the time they attended gers to enjoy the style of a 1920's schooner, lesteric contenders had turned boxing's that hockey fight. Now Tyson looms above and protect the public. This bill does not certi most glamorous division into a running joke. the scene, HBO's walking billboard, promis fy the safety of the Zodiac; it allows the And then Tyson happened. His Catskill ing high ratings for years to come. The net owners to meet the standards set by the Concussions were beginning to draw a lot of work has set itself apart with its boxing and Coast Guard. attention, and Fuchs, who had never seen tennis programming. HBO now bids for this kid, kept hearing about him. "If there's NFL packages. These are exciting times for one guy outside this tournament who has HBO and Abraham, both so powerful in this REAGAN/BUSH POLICIES BEAR more credibility than our guys," Fuchs told business that even their enemies strike con FRUIT IN NICARAGUA Abraham, "this whole tournament goes ciliatory notes. down the drain." Fuchs told Abraham to Rappaport, for example. "I can't say that bring Tyson in. I'm blackballed," he says. "I'd like to think HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON You will not be surprised to learn that that if I have a product that makes sense, OF NEW YORK Abraham remembers exactly how he the door at HBO would be open. I konw it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brought Tyson in. "The deal closed on my was fairly nasty and a long, extensive proce birthday. That night my wife and I were dure, but I'd like to think I could deal with Tuesday, March 6, 1990 going out to a restaurant. Well, I was late. Seth." Rappaport, who is now promoting Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I have a ques Every half hour I called my wife, who was Witherspoon, pauses. "I'd like to know what tion for every Member of this body. Does sitting at the table, and I said, 'Lynn, just Seth would say to that." Pause. "Will you anyone really think the Sandinistas would order me a Scotch, because we're gonna be talking to him soon?" have this deal.' When I got to the restau have submitted to the risk of elections had rant there were six Scotches lined up.'' they not been forced into them by the firm That deal was both HBO's doing and its WOODEN SAILING SHIP policies of Ronald Reagan? undoing. The prospect of fighting Tyson for "ZODIAC" TO OPERATE ON By 1980, Communists in both hemispheres an HBO-sized fee, then ridiculously low, SHORT CRUISES had good reason to dismiss the United States drove Spinks and Lewis through a loophole. as a paper tiger. Then came Ronald Reagan. March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3581 Warsaw Pact were rising up to demand basic embodiment of the anti-Somoza revolution. CASTRO'S NIGHTMARE freedoms and human rights. The Sandinistas turned out to be Leninists (By Jeane Kirkpatrick) By last Sunday, the tide of democracy was who, far from embodying the revolution, hi jacked it. Violeta Chamorro, who beat them Nothing is what it used to be for Fidel invincible. Consider this, ladies and gentle Sunday, was part of the first revolutionary Castro. His faithful allies-Maurice Bishop man. The Sandinistas, depsite their harass junta. Within a year, the Sandinistas had in Grenada, Manuel Noriega in Panama and ment, threats, and intimidation, despite their pushed her and other democrats out. now Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua-have control of all government institutions, were The Western elites got it wrong again passed from power. The very foundations of beaten by a margin of nearly 15 percent. during the 1980s when they dismissed the the world socialist bloc have crumbled. As George Bush beat Governor Dukakis by contras as a gang of Somocista, CIA hire he complained to the Congress of Cuba's only 8 percent, which in American term is a lings. Archbishop Obando y Bravo called Working People: "Whereas previously it was landslide. Think of how badly the Sandinistas them "the resistance." But when Ronald customary to hear the word 'comrade' at meetings of the socialist countries . . . now would have been beaten it they had allowed Reagan called them "freedom fighters," the cognoscenti snickered. They never ade they say 'ladies and gentlemen.' absentee ballots to all exiles, who totaled quately explained how such an army could "The building of capitalism has become about 15 percent of the population. raise 20,000 men, a force more than twice the openly declared goal of some of these Mr. Speaker, too many in this body dis the size of the Salvadoran guerrillas in a countries," he continued. "There is already missed the Contras as unrepentant Somocis country with half the population. Nor could talk of the market, private ownership, a tas, despite the fact Somoza's National Guard they adequately explain how until U.S. aid market economy. Anti-Communist senti never numbered more than 10,000 men, was cut off in February 1988 the contras ments are gaining strength in almost all whereas there were 15,000 Contras in the had control of most of northern Nicaragua. these countries.;, He was speaking, of field, most :Jf whom could not have been The media got it wrong again this time, course. of Eastern Europe and was sharing more than toddlers when Somoza was top believing polls showing the Sandinistas in his concerns with "the masses." Where will the lead. In a Communist dictatorship all these reforins leave Cuba? he asked. "We pled and his national guard decimated. But it where the party controls your job and your hope that certain trade agreements will be was the heat of the Contras, and not the good ration card, people are not inclined to reveal fulfilled in 1990. . . . Nevertheless we are will of the Sandinistas, that made Sunday's tri to strangers their political allegiances. They not sure of this. . . . What price will they mumph possible, and it is time the Sandinista save that for the secret ballot. When I saw pay for our sugar? Perhaps they will try to defenders in this body admit it. the last pre-election poll showing the Sandi pay for it at the price of the international Mr. Speaker, I place in today's RECORD two nistas ahead by only 16 points, I was as sure garbage pit which is the world sugar excellent columns on the subject by Charles as UNO leader Alfredo Cesar was that UNO market.'' Krauthammer and Jeane Kirkpatrick, which was going to win. In a dictatorship that For 30 years, Fidel Castro had no doubt appeared in Tuesday's Washington Post. might still be in power the day after an elec that the economic and social probleins of tion, far more than 16 percent of people will Cuba and the world were due to imperialism ON THE WRONG SIDE OF HISTORY, AGAIN out of sheer prudence mislead a gringo poll and imperialist exploitation, the principal 39-059 0-91-17 (Pt. 3) 3582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 nomic problems: "Adverse weather" (to recent unprecedented turn of world events, hardly problems but that, if allowed to which socialist agriculture is so uniquely we will miss a unique opportunity to right our fester decade after decade, become disasters. prone) has reduced the sugar cane harvest; Nation's course. My apprehension was height America's investment, trade and education the slow pace of construction in Cuba has deficits all fall into this "festering disaster" hampered work on needed dock facilities; ened during a recent inspection of Eastern category. Consider how each of these defi archaic equipment at Cuban ports and Europe when I saw what can become of an cits plays out in the short run-and then in chronic scarcity of transportation and ware economy that is allowed to stagnate and rot. the long run: house facilities have forced Soviet ships to I am in the process of drafting a compre If Japan saves and invests three times as dock for long periods. hensive economic development program to much as we do per employee for one year Soviet spokesmen flatly deny that the eco deal with many of the problems cited by Dr. , that extra equipment nomic pressure felt in Cuba is a tactic de Thurow. My proposal, which I call the Peace doesn't give the Japanese worker much of signed to force Castro to reconsider his op an edge in world markets. But if Japan out position to Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership. Production Board, is modeled after the War invests America decade after decade , we would have or would not buy long-term Treasury bonds reached German levels of savings (but HON. PAUL E. KANJORSKI on Thursday. Great societies don't depend would still be below Japanese levels). OF PENNSYLVANIA upon foreigners to pay their bills. They That extra saving from less consumption IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES don't sit around waiting to see if their chain would allow us to correct our balance of is going to be yanked. It is sad to watch the payments problem. We wouldn't have to sell Tuesday, March 6, 1990 momentous events occurring in Eastern American assets such as Rockefeller Center Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Lester Europe knowing that we cannot help with to finance a consumption standard of living aid or investment since we have to borrow that is in excess of our ability to produce. Thurow, dean of MIT's Alfred P. Sloan School from the rest of the world to keep invest Similarly, correcting our education deficit of Management ha~ written a thoughtful and ment from falling here at home. What would require more days in school and more incisive analysis of our nation's economic would John Foster Dulles have been willing focused work effort while there. Either problems. His article, "Today: We're Not to pay to guarantee democracy in Poland? would make schools better and more fun in Facing Up To Our Nation's Problems . ..", Yet, despite these humiliations, we stay the long run but both would be seen as an which appeared in the Outlook section of the adrift, unable even to admit that we have to immediate reduction in youthful leisure and Washington Post, is an effort to rouse us from change if we want to play a leading role on standard U.S. operating procedures. our sleep so that we can take the steps which the world stage. Our lack of direction seems Gearing up for these sacrifices, modest the more embarrassing in that the changes though they are, will not so much require are necessary to revitalize our economy. we have to make to get back in control of convincing the public that changes are Dr. Thurow's prescription for our ills is our social and economic destiny are, in fact, needed as educating them to the fact that strong, but so too is the disease which is rather modest. Indeed, the seeming modesty collective responses are called for. Recent eating away the heart of our economy. of our challenges may be why we seem polling by the Public Agenda Foundation, Dr. Thurow tells us that our Nation has a unable to mount a collective response. among others, finds that the public is al "good track record when it comes to dealing Our democracy has a good track record ready deeply worried about our lack of com with crises. Give us a Pearl Harbor or a sput when it comes to dealing with crises. Give petitiveness. But most people see the source nik and we will get organized to march collec us a Pearl Harbor or a Sputnik and we will of their problems not in three collectively get organized to march collectively in the curable deficits but in individual moral fail tively in the necessary direction." Thus he be necessary direction. All societies that have ings-lack of motivation and work effort, lieves we do have the ability to draw upon our made it to the top have had that ability. drug use, etc. reserves and redirect our nation. But staying at the top requires something No doubt individual initiative can contrib For several months I have shared Dr. Thur more: the ability to deal with situations ute importantly to reducing economic and ow's concern that if we do not seize upon the that, if viewed in any one single year, are social ills, but our most serious problems are March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3583 caused not by individual moral failings but mechanisms for promoting exports, such as The research and development our bill by collective organizational shortcomings. those found in Germany and Japan, and for would provide is necessary to determine the Short-run sacrifices are necessary to pre reducing the attractiveness of off-shore pro future effectiveness of any new Clean Air Act serve the American long-term standard of duction bases for servicing the U.S. market. living, but there is nothing morally wrong And, of course, a better educated and skilled in reducing air pollution. Most of the current with America. labor force would ultimately help alleviate provisions for research and development in The public also believes that less con our trading problems. the Clean Air Act were developed over a sumption and more saving would lead to un When it comes to education, liberals and decade ago, when problems like acid rain or employment. But we wouldn't just be con conservatives, each have part of the answer. air toxics were little more than obscure scien suming less. We would also be investing Discipline needs to be restored, and school tific phenomena. Today's air pollution prob more. Fewer jobs in our consumption indus bureaucracies are much too large. But it is lems are much more complicated-they range tries would be matched by more jobs in our equally true that at current salary scales investment industries, upgrading our capac one cannot get many first-rate people into from indoor air quality to global warming, and ity to produce. teaching-and that America ranks near the include air toxics, ozone nonattainment, acid But the necessary changes won't happen bottom of industrialized nations in its rain, ozone depletion, and radon. In order to because of spontaneous combustion. spending on elementary and secondary edu be able to evaluate the effectiveness of new Humans like to lie to themselves. We all say cation. Few American high schools have Clean Air Act controls in fighting air pollution that we like to change, that we keep our eye trained science teachers. At current wage problems such as these, we must refocus and on the long run. But when it comes to actu- ' rates they never will. update our research efforts to support a regu ally taking actions today that will improve It does not take a wise man to understand our position tomorrow, we don't want to do that if Americans go to school 180 days per latory program. Passage of the Clean Air Re it. We have to be organized, to be led. In year while the rest of the industrial world is search Amendments will be an essential part stead we are being soothed. in school 220 to 250 days per year, Ameri of such an effort. Near the beginning of his State of the cans won't learn as much. Nor can a country Given the legislation's emphasis on sound Union speech, President Bush asserted that turn out a high-quality high school product air pollution monitoring and health effects, its the U.S. worker was the "most productive in unless it is willing to set a quality standard. passage will also be important to future pollu the world." But a country with the world's The French have their baccalaureate exami tion prevention efforts. Clearly, the health and most productive workers wouldn't have the nation, the English their A and 0 levels, the environmental issues surrounding air pollution world's largest trade deficit and the indus Japanese their examination system, the trial world's lowest rate of growth of pro Germans theirs. If a society won't clearly are complicated. By improving scientists' un ductivity. It wouldn't be losing market share say what it wants from its schools, it won't derstanding of the cumulative, adverse effects in industry after industry-consumer elec get any clear performance. of air pollutants on public health and the well tronics, machine tools, autos, semi-conduc If you have been the world's most success being of ecological systems, our bill will help tor chips, computers. The real wages of non ful economy Hispanic Americans and Latin American tan rendered a conviction verdict on him HON. ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN and his wife for their involvement in the nations. In these and countless other areas OF FLORIDA Wedtech scandal. On January 5, a U.S. Dis he served his constituents, this body, and all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trict Court Judge in Manhattan will set sen Americans, with distinction. tencing. Tuesday, March 6, 1990 Mr. Speaker, the League of United Latin Charlie Erickson, founder of the Hispanic Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, it is with American Citizens' National Reporter recently Link probably has captured the respect and great pleasure that I pay tribute to an excep printed an article highlighting Bobby Garcia's affection felt for Bobby Garcia by many in tional commission of my district which has many contributions. I believe this fine article the Hispanic community. does justice to Bobby Garcia and his many "My memory of Congress' only voting proven its effort and commitment to renew the Puerto Rican member throughout the '80s quality of the Miami River. On March 3 of this years of dedicated public service. is of a man who fought for all Hispanics. year, the Miami River Coordinating Committee BOBBY GARCIA, A TRAGIC FALL FROM GRACE He devoted endless hours to issues of held a dredging summit to help place in action The theme for the 1990 LULAC National Mexican Americans in the Southwest, immi a single community strategy that would help Convention in Albuquerque next June is gration and census most prominent among ensure the expedient dredging of the Miami "UNIDAD HISPANA: AMERICA'S them. I heard the comment more than once River. FUTURE. In the 1980's no Hispanic leader that his heart was more Chicano than the In the mid-1970's a problem of contamina exemplified a better example of advocating corazones of some of his Mexican American Hispanic unity than the Congressman from congressional colleagues. tion became evident in the Miami River. It was the South Bronx, the only voting Puerto On Hispanic issues, Garcia always spoke also found that pollutants were flowing into Rican Member of Congress, Bobby Garcia. 'sin pelos en la lengua.' Whether talking .the river from local sources. The Miami River Let us review briefly some of his accom among friends in the South Bronx, inspiring cleanup project proposes to dredge contami plishments. As Chairman of the Congres a group of visiting Latino students in the nated sediments from the river. The project sional Hispanic Caucus from 1981-84, he led Capitol, or firing up a rally in the Midwest area includes the 6 miles of the Miami River in the fight to remove the bilingual education or Southwest, he preached unity with pulpit Dade County from its mouth to a point past program from being included in the educa passion. 36th Street, where it joins the Miami Canal, as tion block grants, and in 1984 played a In so many ways Bobby Garcia was a good major role in the successful reauthorization guy, it will be hard to see him in any other well as the 14 miles of the canal within Dade of the Title VII bilingual education pro light. County. grams. The Miami River is an underused urban re On immigration issues, he strongly op source. The Miami River Coordinating Com posed immigration legislation which con COLUMNIST PATRICK BUCHAN mittee and Dade County are striving to im tained employer sanctions because he felt AN CRITICIZES PUERTO RICO prove the river's value for navigation, recrea they would cause tremendous discrimina STATEHOOD tion, tourism, and as an aesthetic amenity. tion against Hispanics. Garcia authored the The polluted sediments in the navigation amendment to the legislation which will end employer sanctions if they are found to be channel are degrading water quality and pre HON. JAIME B. FUSTER widely discriminatory. OF PUERTO RICO venting full use of a major urban river. The He co-hosted the first Congressional His polluted sediments are also causing degrada panic Caucus dinner and chaired hearings IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of Biscayne Bay. during National Hispanic Heritage Week to Tuesday, March 6, 1990 The Miami River Coordinating Committee educate the population at large about the has long been a strong advocate of dredging Hispanic community. Mr. FUSTER. Mr. Speaker, as a Democrat the Miami River to remove a source of pollu As Treasurer of NALEO, he helped a who represents predominantly Democratic tion, improve water quality, enhance safety number of Hispanic candidates in their elec Puerto Rico in the Congress, I thought it tion efforts throughout the country. At the would be a rare day when I would agree with and other values. I commend Robert Parks, 1984 Democratic National Convention, Huber Parsons, E.N. Claughton, Jr., Linda the thrust .of an opinionated article by Patrick Bobby Garcia was given the honor of sec Buchanan, the nationally syndicated conserva Eads, Michael Moore, Bijan Nakhjaven, Joey onding the nomination of Walter Mondale Teitelbaum, and Teo Babun for their constant for President of the United States. tive columnist who served as a senior adviser dedication and continuous effort of this mo The Garcia Amendment to the 1978 Civil in the Reagan White House-particularly mentous project. Service Act created the Hispanic Employ when Buchanan writes about something I ment Program Managers Program in the know a lot about, in this case, Puerto Rico. federal government. Much as been written in the national press A TRAGIC FALL FROM GRACJI: As Chairman of the Census and Popula about the proposed political status plebiscite tion Subcommittee, Garcia successfully in Puerto Rico next year between statehood, fought for a better count of Hispanics independence and commonwealth, which I HON. BILL RICHARDSON during the 1980 Census through increased OF NEW MEXICO outreach and education. He and the Con favor as being in the best interests of both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gressional Hispanic Caucus were able to per Puerto Rico and the United States. As you suade the INS to have a moratorium on know, Mr. Speaker, both the House and the Tuesday, March 6, 1990 raids during the Census counting period in Senate have before them legislation which Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, as you 1980. would authorize such a plebiscite and which know, our friend and former colleague Robert More recently he actively opposed efforts would commit the Congress to honor the Garcia has left the House under regrettable to exclude the undocumented from the result of such a vote. circumstances. While in the past months Census and co-sponsored legislation to have President Bush, in an address to a joint ses much attention has been paid to the events the Census Bureau adjust the 1990 Census to account for the historic undercount of sion of Congress early last year, endorsed leading to Bobby's resignation, I believe it is Hispanic and Blacks in the Census. such a plebiscite and expressed his strong vitally important that attention instead be fo He was the first Hispanic to serve on the personal desire for statehood. Members of his cused on his many achievements and fine Democratic Steering and Policy Committee party, both here and in Puerto Rico, have gen years of service in the House of Repesenta for the Speaker of the House. He was also erally followed suit and favored statehood. tives. the first Hispanic to serve on the House Now comes conservative columnist Buchan Bobby Garcia was unwaivering in his serv Foreign Affairs Committee where he set out an with a surprisingly different point of view, ice to his constituents in the south Bronx, an to strengthen relations between Hispanics one that surely isn't going to win friends and in the U.S. and their countries of origin. economically depressed area that was in A couple of years ago, rumors began to cir influence people at the White House. It is an great need of the leadership he provided. On culate that Bobby Garcia was being impli eyebrow-raising departure from the usual con broader and national issues, Bobby was cated in some wrongdoing with Wedtech. servative point of view on Puerto Rico, and steadfast in his dedication to the needs and But for almost a year, nothing further was while the tone of his column might appear pa concerns of Hispanic Americans. He protected heard on this matter, and many hoped that rochial or ethnocentric at times, there is food March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3585 for thought in his blunt analysis. I urge my col Have we considered the fundamental and his past successes led to his being leagues to ponder Buchanan's column, enti change in the character of our union, if chosen as faithful navigator. As navigator, tled "Puerto Rico as Our 51st," which ap Puerto Rico becomes the 5lst state? Edward LaSota represented the chapter peared in the Washington Times of February An English-speaking, people, we Ameri cans would become a bilingual nation. For throughout the region and across the Nation 26, 1990. the English language could not be forced with other Knights of Columbus groups. As [From the Washington Times, Feb. 26, upon this island of Spanish heritage, where you know, Mr. Speaker, members of the 1990] 60 percent do not even understand it. Knights of Columbus are actively involved in PuERTO Rico AS OUR 5lsT? According to the Senate bill, all that is helping those less fortunate and bringing help, needed for this historic change is for just guidance, inspiration, and leadership to the From opposite directions on Pennsylvania half the island to vote "yes" on statehood. communities they serve. Indeed, I am pleased Avenue, Oscar Collazo and Girsel Torresola While Puerto Rico is entitled to decide its to recognize Mr. LaSota for his leadership and own future, is 50.1 percent enough of plural made their way to the front door of Blair endeavors to better his community. It is a House. The plan: meet at the stairs, shoot ity to effect the permanent transfer of sov ereignty, to make Puerto Rico a permanent privilege to commend Edward LaSota and to their way inside and assassinate President say congratulations on many years of service. Truman. They came close. Torresola was part of the American Union? killed on the spot by dying police hero, Thirteen decades ago, we fought a bloody Civil War to prevent the Confederate states Leslie Coffelt, Collazo wounded. But, to the TRIBUTE TO DR. WALTER tiny Puerto Rican party then seeking a from breaking free. Are we prepared to send break free of the United States, Torresola troops, if the people of Puerto Rico should "CURLY" WATSON would become a martyr, Collazo a hero. later change their minds? Are we prepared Four years later, Independistas smuggled to fight a guerrilla war, like the British in HON. DOUG BARNARD, JR. Belfast, if the Macheteros emulate the Irish weapons into the visitors' gallery of the OF GEORGIA House of Representatives and sprayed the Republican Army? Before entering a mar floor, wounding five. riage, "till death do us part," ought not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That was long, long ago. But, as last both the island and the mainland reflect Tuesday, March 6, 1990 June's march of 80,000 through San Juan longer upon how nasty a divorce would be? demonstrates, the desire for an independent If it ain't broke, don't fix it. Mr. BARNARD. Mr. Speaker, today BUTLER Puerto Rico yet burns in the breasts of There is no overwhelming clamor for DERRICK and DOUG BARNARD, Jr., join Senator many on that island we seized as war booty statehood on the island; nothing is wrong STROM THURMOND in paying tribute to Dr. from Spain in 1898. Though only a tiny with today's commonwealth status that Walter "Curly" Watson on the occasion of his fraction of the 10 percent who seek inde cries out for repair. And, as in the 13 Colo 80th birthday. pendence endorse violence, that fraction yet nies in 1775, there is a vocal minority for Dr. Watson has served the people of Geor finds bloody expression in Los Macheteros. total independence whose views ought to be gia and South Carolina for over 43 years in his To the point, not enough hard thought is respected, if not heeded. The last thing being given by Mr. Bush to the potential America needs now is to clasp to her bosom, roles as physician, friend, confidant, communi · consequences of making Puerto Rico our forever, 300,000 embittered Hispanics who ty-minded citizen, devoted church member, 51st state. We may be about to create a yet dream of an independent country. and committed family man. To honor Dr. Northern Ireland in the Caribbean. Before this island, with the size and popu Watson, the people of Augusta will pay tribute Legislation is quietly moving through lation of a small nation, becomes a state, at to him at a surprise 80th birthday celebration Congress for a summer 1991 vote, which least two-thirds of its people, better yet on March 9, 1990. would permit Puerto Rico's 3.5 million to three-fourths, should request it. And, the Dr. Watson graduated from the Medical Col choose statehood, commonwealth status or 248 million who reside in the 50 states independence. The 248 million in the 50 should be given time to reflect on their re lege of Georgia School of Medicine in 1943. states would have no say in the matter. If quest to join the American family, forever. After serving 2 years in the U.S. Army, Dr. the island chose statehood, the grant of From Serbia to Azerbaijan, from the West Watson established a thriving medical practice statehood would be automatic. Bank to Soweto, from Scotland to Quebec, with the now late Dr. William Thurmond at Again, we had best wake up to what is ethnic chauvinism is on the rise. Separatism University Hospital in Augusta, GA. Today, Dr. going down. is everywhere winning converts. People are Watson serves as chairman of the obstetrics Already, 40 percent of the people on the demanding not what is in their economic in department at University Hospital and is pro island get federal benefits. If statehood is terest but what they deem vital to preserv fessor emeritus of obstetrics and gynecology adopted, the cap on welfare spending comes ing the race, the tribe, the religion, the cul off, and perhaps 60 percent would be eligi ture. While we may bemoan the trend, we at the Medical College of Georgia. ble for Aid to Families with Dependent cannot deny it; nor are we Americans During his years of practice, Dr. Watson de Children, food stamps, Medicaid, etc. The immune to it. livered approximately 15,000 babies. Three of present $6 billion in U.S. budget outlays In such an environment, prudence dictates those babies were the children of Congress would explode. that we think twice, then think again, man and Mrs. DOUG BARNARD, and two of Can we afford this-and not only in wel before annexing forever to the American them were the Congressman's grandchildren. fare payments? Union an island people with a separate cul Dr. Watson has indeed touched the lives of Considering what the Great Society did to tural nationality, who do not speak our lan several generations and is well-deserving of Washington, with the nation's highest per guage, and who are still deeply divided in capita income, do we really want to convert their own desires. this tribute. Puerto Rico (per capita income $4,500, not In addition to being honored on the occa half that of Mississippi) into a Caribbean sion of his 80th birthday, Dr. Watson has re reservation mired in the same rage and re TRIBUTE TO EDWARD LASOTA ceived numerous commendations over the sentment that those dependent on welfare years. In 1968, Dr. and Mrs. Watson were rec exhibit everywhere else in America? HON. JOSEPH P. KENNEDY II ognized as Citizens of the Year by the North Dutifully, of course, such a state would OF MASSACHUSETTS Augusta Chamber of Commerce for their out send six Democrats to an enlarged House of standing contribution to the moral, civic, and Representatives, and two liberal senators to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recreational development of the area. help Massachusetts' Edward Kennedy over Tuesday, March 6, 1990 turn the Reagan revolution. Why is the In 1982, Dr. Watson received the WRDW GOP enthusiastic about this? Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to TV's Thomas Jefferson Award for contribu Why not leave well enough alone? Today, pay tribute to a man by the name of Mr. tions to the civic affairs of the community at Puerto Rico is an enterprise zone. Under Edward Lasota, who, for the past 2 years, has large. He was also voted the 1983-84 Teach Section 936 of the Internal Revenue Code, been the faithful navigator of the Pius the IX er of the Year by his students at the Medical U.S. factories that are exempt from corpo Chapter of the Knights of Columbus in Read College of Georgia. rate income taxes; islanders need not file ing, PA. On March 3, 1990, the Pius the IX In 1987, the Grace United Methodist Church 1040s on April 15, But if Puerto Rico votes statehood-and the proffered bribe of a cor Chapter honored Mr. LaSota for his leadership in Augusta honored Dr. Watson with the nucopia of federal goodies is tilting it that of the chapter during 1988 and 1989. Workhorse Award for his service as chairman way-all tax privileges would have to go; Edward Lasota has been active with the of the building committee to rebuild the and we would soon have a tax revolt from Knights of Columbus for the past 14 years. He church's sanctuary which was destroyed by Puerto Rico's middle and upper classes. has chaired various functions for the chapter, fire in 1983. 3586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 In 1988, the American Legion of South It was a promise that few believed. Colo first, he sought help from Western coun Carolina awarded Dr. Watson the distin nel Conte, after all, had been the highest tries other than France, but when this aid guished Public Service Award in recognition of ranking military officer during the final dried up, he turned to the Soviet Union. his outstanding contributions to his communi years of President Sekou Toure's tyrannical Although the Guinean leader said he was 26-year leadership. Cynics grumbled that leading the country toward self-reliance, his ty, State, and Nation. the new President, was probably deeply in rule turned increasingly ruthless. Just last year, Dr. Watson devoted hours of volved in many of the horrors he, by then, By the 1970's, Guinea was pervaded by re hard work to aid the people of Charleston professed to abhor. pression and xenophobia. By some esti after Hurricane Hugo devastated the area. In But now, many of those critics are being mates, about a third of the country's people fact, Dr. Watson is still a part of a group from won over. After years in which Guinea was fled to exile in neighboring West African his church which is volunteering hours of skill a Soviet-aligned, one-party state, President countries. Conte is working to transform it into that Today, the most visible legacy of Mr. and labor to help the victims of Hugo's de rarest of African political systems-a multi struction. Toure's "revolution" is this drab city of party democracy. rutted and potholed streets, overgrown It is indeed an honor to rise in recognition That hope was raised by an announce lawns and peeling paint. Electrical power of Dr. Curly Watson and to wish him a happy ment last month that the military leaders regularly fails, and medicine is in short 80th birthday. On behalf of the people of would permit new, competing parties to supply. The wreckage of abandoned cars Georgia and South Carolina, we commend Dr. form. What is more, the President promised and trucks gives much of the city the ap Watson for 43 years of dedicated service to a new constitution, regular elections, an in pearance of a vast junkyard. his community. dependent judiciary and a bill of rights, and Even in the business district, children he held out the prospect of having his own roam naked, their bellies bloated from military rule replaced by a civilian govern hunger-a sight more usually seen in rural THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA ment. Africa. TURNAROUND A 'GUARANTEE' AGAINST COUPS Still, the word commonly heard here is In a recent speech, he said he could "guar "potential." The country has the world's antee" that there would be "no coups" largest bauxite deposits, as well as iron ore, HON. DAN BURTON during a five-year transition to constitution uranium, gold and diamonds-although OF INDIANA al rule. The military, said the since-promot three decades after independence, most of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed General Conte, would "do everything so these assets remain undeveloped. that Guinea is not like other nations. We WHAT IS PROMISED Tuesday, March 6, 1990 won't cling to power." The political agenda calls for the comple Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, I But an African envoy here sounded a cau tionary note: "If he pulls it off, it'll be the tion of a new constitution by next spring. would like to bring to the attention of my col political miracle of the decade. And most of This is to be followed by the formation of leagues a country in West Africa that has us are praying that he can do it." two political parties, and perhaps some time made a dramatic turnaround in its policies in Almost three decades after the wave of de in 1994, presidential elections. President recent years. This turnaround is starting to colonization, 38 to 45 nations south of the Conte has yet to indicate his intentions, but show positive results and it is a tribute to the Sahara have single- or no-party systems, most people here expect him to run. While enthusiasm runs high, there are success of free market economics. and more than half are led by soldiers. Only five govern themselves under systems of ma many doubts about how far change can go For the past 5 years, the Republic of in this poor country. Guinea has been working to reconstruct their jority rule: Senegal, Gambia, Botswana, Madagascar and Mauritius. Even so, the exhilaration many Guineans economy based on the principles of free en While offering political changes, Presi feel about the moves toward free elections is terprise, after 26 years of uncompromising so dent Conte has embarked on an ambitious clear. "We lived for 26 years under the most cialist economics. The structural adjustment program of economic rehabilitation that fol awful dictatorship," said Thierno Djibi program of President Lansana Conte has re lows the free-market requirements of the Thiam, a Government adviser. "We learned ceived high praise from the IMF, the World World Bank. State-run collective farms have the hard way what a one-party system been eliminated, and producer prices have means, and we know that it doesn't work Bank and our own Agency for International here." Development, and the Government has been been allowed to rise. The national currency, working diligently to create an investment cli the sylis, was devalued to about 7 percent of its former level, bringing it closer to the mate that will be attractive to American busi black-market exchange rate. HONORING THE JERSEY CITY nesses. And, by laying off about 30,000 civil serv BOYS BIDDY BASKETBALL More recently, the President announced an ants, the Government has started to convert TEAM ON WINNING THE STATE ambitious plan for political reform, intended to budget deficits into surpluses. The gross do CHAMPIONSHIP create the foundation ·for democracy in mestic product grew by about 5 percent last Guinea. The Government is currently drafting year. a new constitution that would establish a Par Foreign donors, impressed by the econom HON. FRANK J. GUARINI liament, guarantee regular elections of a ic and political turnaround, have responded OF NEW JERSEY .with an outpouring of aid: $286 million in President and the Parliament, and phase in a commitments in 1988, roughly double the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES multi-party system over 5 years. The constitu level of 1984. Tuesday, March 6, 1990 tion is also designed to guarantee an inde "They're almost to where they started in pendent judiciary and provide a bill of rights. 1958, and that's real progress in this con Mr. GUARINI. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, Mr. Speaker, I commend to my colleagues' text," a European diplomat here said. March 4, 1990, the Jersey City Boys Club won attention an article that recently appeared in Indeed, 1958 is an important date in the the New Jersey State Biddy Basketball Cham the New York Times about the promise and mythology that has shaped Guinea's self pionship. The team will now represent the potential of Guinea. Although the article image, the touchstone against which every State in the AA-1 Division of the International thing is measured. In that year, Guineans Biddy Basketball Tournament which will begin makes it clear that Guinea has a long struggle overwhelmingly rejected President Charles ahead for economic and political develop de Gaulle's proposal for self-government March 16 in Kenner, LA. ment, the author also points out that there is under a system that retained association The Jersey City Boys Club has been in ex good hope for success. with France, instead choosing full independ istence for more than 80 years, and is located [From the New York Times, Nov. 29, 19891 ence. By most accounts, it is also the year in the downtown section of Jersey City. It also administers to the needs of the Hoboken NEW HOPE IN GUINEA, A LAND THAT HOPE that Guinea's problems began. The French, affronted by Mr. Toure's Boys Club in the nearby area. FORGOT demand for immediate independence, deter are practiced to be sure knowledge is shared Right now we have to get busy and try to "And ye shall know the truth and the only on a "need-to-know" basis. raise the funds needed for the trip to Louisi truth shall make you free." (John VIII-32). Clearly, the same should be true at the ana. We were lucky that the Jersey City So speaks the inscription that marks the highest levels of our government. Leaks of Rotary has sponsored our league from entranceway of the Central Intelligence classified information, whether headline which this All-Star team was selected from. Agency. Within that off-cited scripture lies news or one line dribbles, shake our intelli Either way we will find a way to get there. motivation for countless men and women gence gathering capabilities to the core and The team plans leaving on March 16 and who have discreetly defended and promoted endanger lives-lives of operational sources will play in the opening round on the 17th. the principles of peace, freedom and democ in hostile areas and lives of our own oper They will stay as long as they remain alive racy by working for the U.S. intelligence or ation officers. in the double-elimination tournament. The ganizations at home and abroad. I know, be When unauthorized sensitive information finals are March 23rd. cause I served among them for 10 years as a hits the news, it is a fair bet that the shock career Clandestine Services officer. waves will be felt worldwide. Cooperative The members of the team are: Charles Fer Now, as the only former CIA intelligence assets overseas become demoralized, reluc guson, Kevin Callaghan, Omar Robertson, operations officer sitting in Congress, I be tant and even fearful. We lose face and Nick Kramer, Joseph Fasani, Keeran Cooper, lieve I can offer a unique perspective on the credibility with intelligence agencies of Avery Bristol, Korie Williams, Jason Roberts, sensitivity of our intelligence secrets-and other friendly countries. Sources dry up ev Jerry Healy, Ned Felton, and Kerwin Williams. the damage from divulging those secrets erywhere. Often our closest friends find it 3588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 difficult to stick with us if their national England in World War II to be subjected to Set against brilliant blue skies and tower well-being is suddenly jeopardized by the re .a killer air raid to conceal the vital secret ing mesas, the Sandoval County pueblos lease of sensitive material in Washington. that the allies had broken the Nazi commu look more picturesque than poor. Television Our access to information vital to our na nication code. That was wartime; life and antennas spring from the flat roofs of the tional interests begins to narrow. death decisions were part of it. This is dun-colored adobe houses. Battered pickup News of intelligence leaks also make it peacetime, and there is no excuse for casual trucks are parked alongside. Near the old that much harder to recruit and develop ties either to our sources or to our secrets. church, women supplement their income by well-placed new contacts. People who had selling handcrafts. But with unemployment considered meeting confidentially with U.S. as high as 44% at Jemez, the most remote of government officials fear their information BLUE CORN TORTILLAS the villages, many families are on welfare. could be tomorrow's compromising news Drug use and alcoholism are high. "Before and committed as they may be to democracy World War II, agriculture was a way of sus and freedom, they prefer their silence to HON. BILL RICHARDSON taining life," says James Roger Madalena, someone else's indiscretion. OF NEW MEXICO Jemez' tribal administrator. "Ever since Until recently, the administration has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES then, we've seen many of the younger gen been served large and repeated doses of crit Tuesday, March 6, 1990 eration going out to big urban areas." He icism about alleged mismanagement of hopes that blue corn will "revive the inter events in Panama-criticism that blames Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, many first est [in farming] their forefathers had." our government for inaction because we ap time visitors to northern New Mexico are sur That has already begun to happen. Well parently lacked the contacts to find out prised to find blue corn tortillas listed on their capitalized Anglo farmers are the primary what was going on. I wonder if it has oc restaurant menus. Blue corn, grown for hun commodity growers right now. But last year, curred to those measuring out the com dreds of years by local Indians has suddenly the Santa Ana and Jemez pueblos produced plaints that we may be paying the price for 20 tons of cornmeal and atole. In addition to previous security leaks on the Hill? If so, it found a new cachet, discovered by food afi individual plots, 15 acres of community land promises to b a pretty expensive plumbing cionados from throughout the world. Blue corn were planted, and they expect to double bill. has gained such renown that Business Week production this year. Since the com is Those who are made privy to classified magazine recently devoted an entire page to ground at an Indian-owned mill that oper material know that they have an obligation efforts on the Santa Ana and Jemez Pueblos ates rent-free and pays no property taxes, it to uphold the trust of protecting it. There in northern New Mexico to capitalize on this can pay farmers twice the price that blue are several simple, but extremely important new market. I submit a copy of that article for corn commends off the reservation. reforms we could implement on the Hill to my colleagues' review. Out of India. The man who heads the prove that we are serious about this trust. fledgling blue corn project is Denis Robin In fact, several current members of the [From Business Week, Mar. 5, 19901 son, an unlikely figure who seems to have House Permanent Select Committee on In BLUE SKIES, BLUE CORN-GOLDEN stepped into the pueblo straight from the telligence, most notably Henry Hyde of Illi OPPORTUNITY? pages of Rudyard Kipling. A retired CPC nois, have made similar suggestions in Guam, to have the De abdication. zone management, and this capability should partment of Defense provide a substantial Under this section, the Under Secretary of become an integral component of our foreign share of defense funds to local schools. Commerce is required to implement a pro policy. During the past 2 years, tbis sum totaled $20 gram of national interest improvements. In summary, H.R. 4030 addresses many million. In 1988, he authorized Navy personnel Twenty percent of the funds appropriated for major issues in coastal management, the to assist in a cost-free safety assessment of state program administration are to be set CZAR amendments incorporate a decade government of Guam facilities. The result was aside by the Under Secretary to provide as worth of housekeeping changes that were not the enactment by the Guam Legislature of the sistance to those states which agree to make feasible during the tenure of an openly hostile government of Guam's first occupational improvements in one more of five national in Reagan administration. I hear there is a new safety and health code for public employees. terest areas: Coastal wetlands protection; nat breeze blowing around here. I hope that The superb leadership, outstanding dedica ural hazards management, including potential breeze crosses the coastal zone and brings tion, and ceaseless efforts of Rear Adm. sea level rise; providing public access to some fresh air and new attitudes along with it. Thomas James Johnson culminate a distin coastal areas; assessing the cumulative envi H.R. 4030 reshapes the Nation's Coastal guished career in the service of his country, ronmental effects of coastal growth and de Management Program for the decade of the and his departure from Guam will genuinely velopment; and facilitating energy-related ac 1990's. I look forward to the enthusiastic sup sadden all who know him. Mindful of the key tivities which are of greater than local signifi port of my colleagues. I invite all of my col role that the Navy and the rest of the military cance. leagues to join in cosponsoring H.R. 4030. establishment plays in the Western Pacific, he To implement this section, the Under Secre kept abreast of developments and kept local tary will assess the priority needs of every leaders apprised. He had an excellent working Coastal State in each of these areas. Based SALUTE TO REAR ADM. THOMAS relationship with Guam's U.S. Congressman on this assessment, the Under Secretary will JAMES JOHNSON, USN with whom he worked diligently in behalf of negotiate with each State a multiyear, national Guam and the Nation. interest improvements program. The State is HON. BEN .GARRIDO BLAZ It is with a great deal of pleasure today that then eligible to receive grants to improve their OF GUAM I recognize the service of Rear Adm. "TJ" management program. This new effort will re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Johnson before this body and to wish him store a sense of Federal-State partnership in Tuesday, March 6, 1990 "fair winds and following seas" as he brings coastal management. to a close another chapter of a long and dis Next, the bill acknowledges that funding is a Mr. BLAZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tinguished career in the U.S. Navy. As they key ingredient in coastal management. tribute to Rear Adm. Thomas James Johnson, say in the naval service, he was a great ship Money is not "the solution" to improving U.S. Navy, who will be leaving my district as mate and we shall miss him. our coastal environment, but it is one of the commander, Naval Forces Marianas on March key ingredients. H.R. 4030 says, in effect, "we 16, 1990, on Guam. are ready to put our money where our mouth A distinguished professional, Rear Adm. T.J. TRIBUTE TO BISHOP NORMAN L. is." Not surprisingly, simply talking about Johnson has served as commander of Naval WAGNER coastal degradation has not made things any Forces Marianas and has been U.S. CinCPac better. The States can do a better job, but the Rep-representative of the Commander in HON. JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR. Federal Government has to live up to its part Chief to Guam, the Commonwealth of the OF OHIO of the bargain. Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H.R. 4030 provides authorization for crucial States of Micronesia, and the Republic of new funding of coastal management. In fiscal Palau-since 1987. Tuesday, March 6, 1990 year 1990, the total Federal appropriation for Originally from Little Falls, NY, Rear Admiral Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today coastal zone management was $42. 7 million. Johnson attended St. Bernard's Seminary and to pay tribute to Bishop Norman L. Wagner for March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3591 outstanding service to the people of my 17th Those who support increased planting flexi HUCKABY and other colleagues in developing Congressional District of Ohio and to all those bility have pointed out that because of our a workable flexibility program. who share in his vision. Bishop Wagner's una current program requirements the United bated dedication to the importance of human States has not been able to respond to excellence through wholesome education and demand for oilseeds and other commodities THE NICARAGUAN ELECTIONS the breeding of genuine human concern for for which domestic and national market oppor the elderly and poor have bore fruits that only tunities exist. The United States has lost its HON. BILL RICHARDSON the purist in cultivation may. ability to compete for growing markets to OF NEW MEXICO Born in Youngstown, OH, to Leonard and which other nations have been able to re Louise Wagner, Bishop Wagner was educated spond. In addition, farmers have been restrict IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the Youngstown City School System. He ed in making planting decisions in response to Tuesday, March 6, 1990 went on to receive both his bachelor's and market opportunities, conservation objectives Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I was a master's degrees from Indiana Bible Universi and agronomic considerations. member of President Carter's team of election ty. After entering the ministry in 1965, he trav Today, I join Mr. HUCKABY in introducing observers to the Nicaraguan election. eled as an evangelist until 1971 when he legislation which will allow farmers greater I am submitting for the RECORD two articles became pastor of the Mount Calvary Pente planting flexibility. I know there will be several I prepared, one a few days before the contest costal Church in Youngstown. proposals put forth as we debate the farm bill, and the other following the Sunday UNO Realizing the problems that arise for black and I believe this proposal will make a valua upset victory. youths in the inner-city setting, Bishop Wagner ble contribution to the discussion. As we re set out to counteract the nemesis of dropouts ceive input from the various interested and af THE NICARAGUAN ELECTIONS: CLOSER THAN WE THINK? SILENT MAJORITY COULD MAKE and deficient graduates. In 1976 he estab fected parties on the different proposals, I will ELECTION CLOSER lished Calvary Christian Academy for grades keep an open mind. Our proposal serves as a [Rep. Bill Richardson, D-NM, of the K-12. This private institution, emphasizing starting point to be refined as we receive this House Intelligence Committee, is a member strong moral standards, became a role model input. of President Carter's international observer for the black community with 100 percent of The four basic provisions of the proposal team.] its graduates going on to college. Bishop are: From every indication, it appears that the Wagner then turned his attention to the need First, crop acreage bases. Crop acreage Nicaraguan elections, despite a continuing for low-income housing in his economically bases could be the average of the acres series of Sandinista inspired problems, will depressed city. In 1989 the opening of Calva planted and considered planted to that crop be relatively free and fair. Despite some ry Towers, a $3.2 million, 7 story, 70 unit sen during the 3 previous years. early pre-election polls predicting a Sandi nista victory, the outcome of the election is iors' complex built under the HUD 202 section Second, payment yields. Payment yields far from certain. This uncertainty is based 8 guidelines, opened its doors to the commu would be based on the average of the previ on the volatility of the issues and what I an nity. This, the Bishop calls, the Miracle on ous 5 years actual production. ticipate will be an unexpectedly large turn Market Street. Third, cross and offsetting compliance. out of voters that could contain a surprising Most recently Bishop Wagner's weekly tele There would be no authority to implement "silent majority" undecided vote. The silent vision program "Dr. Norman L. Wagner and cross and offsetting compliance. majority will likely support the opposition the Power of the Pentecost" was chosen by Fourth, 1O percent floating base. This provi out of dissatisfaction with the Sandinista's the U.S. Department of Defense to air on the sion would apply to 1O percent of the total handling of the most potential electoral Armed Forces Radio and Television Network. issue in Nicaragua-the state of the econo cropland acres on a farm. A producers may my. This in turn will give his show access to 1.5 shift 1O percent per year between any crop The Nicaraguan people, scarred by war million people in 60 foreign countries. acreage bases-from one crop acreage base and economic troubles, are extremely re Mr. Speaker, it is this type of excellence to another, or he may shift 10 percent non served about expressing their political views that needs to be commended if we want to base acreage to program crop, this portion to outside polsters and pundits. I was re see it continue to thrive. The example that would be eligible for benefits and could cently at a Sandinista rally outside of Mana Bishop Norman L. Wagner has given us is his become permanent base after three consecu gua, an eighteen year old voter told me ini helpful reminder that the youth of today is tive years planted, or he may plant 1O percent tially he was a Sandinista supporter, but as from what our future will be made. Further to any nonprogram crop and protect his crop he saw me leave with former President more, it is from our elderly that our history Carter, an extremely respected figure acreage base on that portion. among all Nicaraguans, he ran over to me was forged. I am honored to represent this This proposal would allow limited shifts be and tapped me on the shoulder, telling me outstanding individual. tween program crops and would avoid the po he was really for UNO. tential massive shifts allowed under other pro Given past behavior there have been well THE INTRODUCTION OF LEGIS posals which, if allowed, would inject a tre- founded fears that the Sandinistas might LATION REGARDING PLANT . mendous amount of uncertainty in the farm try to steal the election. In my judgement, economy. Deficiency payments would be this will be extremely difficult. Nearly five ING FLEXIBILITY AND PAY hundred observers from the United Nations, MENT YIELDS based on actual production which would offer the OAS (the Organization of American some protection to those producers who have States) and former President Carter's elec HON. ARLAN STANGELAND made a commitment to nonprogram crops. tion observer group will be in place to over Basing payments on actual yields would OF MINNESOTA see the balloting. In addition to receiving reward those producers who have become copies of the original vote tabulation sheets, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . more efficient in recent years and would help these three international observer missions Tuesday, March 6, 1990 reduce abuses of the program. will play a critical role in assuring that poll Of particular concern to me is the potential watchers will be present at all precincts. Mr. STANGELAND. Mr. Speaker, the con The observers estimate their parallel vote cept of planting flexibility has received a great impact of any proposal on farmers who have tally will be within 2 or 3 percent of the amount of attention in recent months in prep been producing nonprogram crops year after actual count. aration for writing a new farm bill. As I trav year. I cannot support any program which will Another important consideration is that eled throughout my · congressional district allow producers to produce nonprogram crops the Sandinistas have a strong incentive to meeting with farmers last month, planting on program crop acre base and continue to hold a legitimate election. The Sandinistas flexibility was something discussed at every receive program benefits for the program crop can ill afford Noriega-style election fiasco stop. However, there was not a consensus on on those acres. In addition I cannot support condemned by the international community what is the best approach. Their opinions any approach which will allow drastic shifts to at a time when their economy is collapsing varied depending on what crops they farm, in and their previously solid Soviet and East the production of nonprogram crops with no European support sources are drying up. In what area of the district they live, whether protection for those producers of nonprogram creasingly, Western Europe has also been a they have livestock in addition to farming pro crops. dry well for the Sandinistas. They must now gram crops, or whether they farm nonprogram I think this proposal offers a realistic starting compete with East European reform govern crops. point and I look forward to working with Mr. ments for West European assistance dollars. 3592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 Given the fundamental changes in Eastern United States for humanitarian reasons and their peace proposals. Once the elector Europe, the Sandinistas will be hard pressed should be ready to accept remaining Con al process was under way, the United Na to demonstrate to the West that they are tras into the United States or arrange for a tions, the Organization of American States equally deserving of international develop third country transfer. and the Carter delegation proved invaluable ment funds unless their election is fair. A victorious Sandinista government needs mediators. Given these high stakes, the Sandinistas to change its mindset about governing and Ultimately, though, credit lies with the have exploited every legitimate incumbency their role in this hemisphere if they want Nicaraguan people. The election was well advantage. Since the campaign started, legitimacy and respect from their neighbors. mannered and enthusiastic-with an as President Ortega has given out more than For one, they need to stop transferring arms tounding 90% of eligible voters participat 4,600 land titles and written off bank debts to the Marxist rebels in El Salvador and ing. Nicaraguans said they voted less for a for more than 2,000 small landowners. At participate in peace negotiations to resolve particular party than for change. It was this point, the Sandinistas have swelled the that country's bloody war. Secondly, they their strong desire for change, peace and an state payroll to the point that three out of need to privatize some industries and start improved economy-not the Contras or U.S. every five workers in urban areas works for returning to a market economy in order to support of UNO-that accounted for last the state, no small potatoes in a country attract international assistance. Thirdly, Sunday's upset. where yearly inflation is three thousand they need to consider developing a govern The wrong lesson must not be drawn. percent. ment of national reconciliation, one that Crediting U.S. Contra policy for the election The Sandinistas have transferred their will include members of the UNO opposi result would undoubtedly derail future U.S. military style organization to the precinct tion. In turn, the United States might stop policy toward Nicaragua. What worked in level extremely effectively. While their ral blocking loans for Nicaragua from interna Nicaragua were good-faith negotiations fa lies appear dispirited, they have an efficient tional agencies and might even consider a cilitated by individuals-Arias and Carter machinery to turn out the vote. Incredibly, modest assistance package. In the event of a Sandinista victory, the who had established ties and credibility they have been able to raise more funds in with both sides. The White House could the United States and overseas than UNO. United States and the Sandinistas should use a fair and free election as a springboard learn from this measured diplomatic ap In contrast to the Sandinista superior or proach. ganizational skills, UNO has been slow in to better bilateral ties that would, in turn, dramatically lessen tensions in the area. First, to position itself effectively, Wash gearing up. Unable to develop a clear cam ington should not gloat over the Sandinista paign message, UNO has been racked by in While we might not like each other, we must learn to live together. defeat nor take credit for UNO's victory. ternal bickering. The widely reported an UNO overcame initial organizational prob nouncement that the U.S. Congress ap THE PEOPLE WON, NOT U.S. POLICY, NOT THE lems and peaked at the right time. The Ad proved nine million dollars for the Sandi ministration should be more gracious than nista opposition made UNO complacent, and CONTRAS, BUT CITIZEN-VOTERS (By Bill Richardson> it has been in acknowledging the positive also gave fodder to Sandinista charges that roles played by the Sandinistas and the Nic UNO is a U.S. creation rather than an indig Now that Violeta Barrios de Chamorro araguan Supreme Electoral Council in this enous and credible opposition. In reality, has achieved a Buster Douglas-type victory clean election. Before election day, the San U.S. imposed restrictions is strangling the over Daniel Ortega, what should U.S. policy dinistas, albeit grudgingly, addressed all dis efficient political use of these funds. Most be toward Nicaragua? Ironically, the Bush crepancies and grievances. of these monies must be split among largely Administration's much-desired victory by In defeat, the Sandinistas could have neutral poll-watching and voter registration the United Nicaraguan Opposition could pulled a Don King routine-cried foul and entities, leaving Mrs. Chamorro with only present as many problems and challenges to tried to about the results. Instead, they $1.8 million. America as a Sandinista victory. Nonethe The Sandinistas superior organization less, Congress and the executive branch seem to be respecting the outcome. In days could be offset by an exceptionally high could achieve a rare bipartisan partnership ahead, cooperative Sandinista behavior is turnout of undecided voters who may well in Nicaraguan policy by moving decisively, vital for a successful transfer of power and lean toward UNO Motivated by the poor while cautiously, to assure an effective tran much-needed reconciliation. It is also impor Sandinista economic performance, the mys sition. tant that the Sandinistas turn over the tical Chamorro name, and a desire for Any doubts about the relative fairness of levers of power-especially in the interior change, this "silient majority" of voters will the vote have been put to rest by the out and army ministries. Any kind of U.S. make the election close. come. As a member of former President breast-beating, criticism of the Sandinistas Once the Nicaraguan people have had Jimmy Carter's official observer delegation, or pressure would be counterproductive. their say, U.S. policy makers will be present however, it became clear to me that, despite With over 40% of the popular vote, a sizable ed with a series of important decisions. The the Sandinistas exerting incumbent advan representation in the National Assembly Bush Administration has an opportunity to tages, the campaign was conducted honor and a loyal military, the Sandinistas are a start fresh with a new Nicaraguan policy ably. Election-day procedures were remark formidable opposition that cannot be dis after this election. Should UNO win, Mrs. ably well rim. In the northern province of missed. Chamorro's Nicaragua will probably require Esteli, where I was assigned to monitor sev The Administration would be best advised close to a one billion dollar aid package to eral voting precincts. I saw large, orderly not to inject itself in attempting to influ rebuild that devastated country. Her early turnouts while election officials and opposi ence the transition. The OAS, the United days as head of the government will not be tion poll watchers worked in close coordina Nations and Carter have been asked by easy since she will still have to contend with tion. All were obviously aware that they UNO and the Sandinistas to assist in the the Sandinistas total control over the huge were taking part in a historic event-Nicara transition. The White House should support Nicaraguan army and the security appara gua's first truly open free election. these mediating efforts and take a back tus, a fate that also greeted Chile's new Unfortunately, rather than examining seat. It's influence would be best-used to dis President, Patricio Aylwin. what role the United States should now courage any potential UNO retaliation A Sandinista victory presents both prob play in relation to Nicaragua, Washington against Sandinista lame duck officials or lems and opportunities for the Bush Admin policy-makers are busy fighting for credit sympathizers. istration. Regardless, one hopes that Presi rehashing arguments about whether past Second, the Bush Administration and dent Bush will not revert to the gunboat di U.S. Contra policy is responsible for the re Congress must commit to dismantling the plomacy of the Reagan years centered on sults. In fact, this is moot: Last week's elec Contras. The Contras should not be encour using the Contras as a pressure point. If the tion rendered past military adventures irrel aged to remain armed during the transition Sandinistas win fair and square, the Bush evant. Former President Ronald Reagan's process until the Sandinista army is disman Administration should ease the trade em Contra policy served to frustrate peace ef tled, as some Contra leaders have suggested. bargo by quietly letting it expire when it forts and heighten regional tensions. The A workable relocation program is needed comes up for reconsideration in April. But Contras remain unpopular throughout Nica that includes Contra admission to the the President should demand cash pay ragua and UNO officials actually took pains United States or a third country. ments for any transactions with the United to dissociate themselves from the group There will be many Contras who will not States. whenever posi;;ible. In reality, credit lies not want to return to Nicaragua-partly because In addition, the United States should en with those who sought to impose a military they feel unwelcome there. For those who courage the UN and OAS to join us in dis solution but rather those committed to di do return, however, safety should be guar arming and demobilizing the Contras as re plomacy-Carter, President Oscar Arais anteed, perhaps using the good offices of quired by regional agreements. The Sandi Sanchez of Costa Rica and the other Cen Arias. Instead of trying to run a relocation nistas, in turn, should provide safety assur tral American presidents. program with existing U.S. agencies, the ances and end harassment to Contras want Every step toward free elections followed United States could encourage the OAS and ing to return to Nicaragua. Additionally, the efforts by the Central American presidents the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3593 to administer the operation by pledging fi the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority is paying a The speech follows in its entirety: nancial support. special tribute to 33 of its members who have For America, World War Two began at Third, after U.S. involvement helped given more than 25 years of dedicated service 7:55 am on December 7 1941. In less than launch a proxy war, killing thousands of two hours 2,403 service people were killed Nicaraguans and devastating the country to our community. Two of these outstanding women have served our community for more and hundreds more wounded, and a large economically, the United States has a moral part of our naval fleet was damaged or sunk. obligation to help rebuild a devastated Nica than 50 years. It is the membership of organizations like And along with the death and destruction, raguan economy. Those who say Nicaragua America's dream of a world where peace and should get in line for U.S. aid renege on a Alpha Kappa Alpha who help close the gaps, responsibility. The need to help Nicaragua freedom were enjoyed by everyone ended help provide the nonacute but necessary serv forever. is even more pressing than U.S. efforts to ices to our communities, help raise our con aid East European reform governments. Even before the smoke had cleared over In addition to lifting the trade embargo, sciousness and focus our moral and social Pearl Harbor that day, questions were being and possibly granting most-favored-nation obligations by volunteering their time and asked and the hardest one to answer was: trade status, the United States should talent. Is there a more appropriate time to rec How could this have happended?. quickly renew a coffee agreement. Both sup ognize these women than during Women's Was Pearl Harbor the fault of one man or port for the new government and support History Month? two or a hundred? Or was it the fault of a for social programs are required. A U.S. aid The Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority was found nation? package, however, cannot be rushed. It As I said, its a hard question to answer, ed in 1908 at Howard University in Washing but if we are to avoid future Pearl Harbors, should be implemented carefully, to be ton, DC. Its purpose is to foster community properly absorbed and not wasted like so we must look at the first one and try to de many other "emergency" aid efforts. service. New Jersey's oldest chapter is the termine why it happened. One could say Fourth, the United States must now act in . Beta Alpha Omega, the "mother chapter." It that the stage was set for Pearl Harbor in concert with the Central American presi was chartered in 1934. Since that time, the the last days of the First World War. That dents to guarantee enforcement of previous members of the Beta Alpha Omega chapter was the war that was referred to as the Central American accords, such as the bar have made significant contributions to the "War to end all wars," and many people ring of illegal Sandinista arms shipments to well-being of my district, the 1Oth Congres truly believed it. the Salvadoran rebels. The United States sional District of New Jersey. America in the 1920's was a country on and its Latin neighbors should hold the the move. The war was behind us and a Sandinistas to their pledge not to send arms Mr. Speaker, I know my colleagues would golden future lay ahead. In the peace that to El Salvador's guerrillas in the remaining want to join me as I congratulate the Alpha so many had fought so long for, a new and two months of the Ortega presidency and Kappa Alpha Connection, the social/political better world was being built and America beyond-especially if Chamorro has difficul actions committee of the organization, chaired was leading the way. ty controlling Sandinista army activities. by Attorney Moonyene Jackson; and the Military preparedness was ignored. If The Nicaragua surprise will have serious Golden Sorors and Silver Stars of the Beta there are going to be no more wars, the implications for U.S. policy in the region's Alpha Omega chapter. people asked, why have a military? In such other hot spot. El Salvador. Having "won" The Golden Sorors are Tina Bohannon and a mood, the ranks of military were thinned, in Panama and Nicaragua, the Bush Admin Ella Shields Rainey. The Silver Stars are Ber arms and ammunition were not purchased, istration, along with the Alfredo Cristiani and the nation felt safe and protected in government in El Salvador, have no reason nice C. Johnson, Eleanor Cameron Lyle, saying that it was against war. to become cocky and pursue an all-out mili Emma A. Massey, Frances McDaniel, Mabel But some in America knew better. They tary solution to the Salvadoran conflict. Bentley-Perry, Ed.D., Joan M. Smart, Greta knew that the First World War would have Even without new arms shipments Shepherd, Barbara H. Vickers, Winifred been won sooner if we had been prepared. through Nicaragua, the Salvadoran rebels Waldon, Gertrude Jacobs Waters, M.D., They knew that thousands of lives could are still well-supplied. The Administration Gwendolyn Goldsby Grant, Ph.D., Geri have been saved if we had been prepared. should not adopt an aggressive Central Hayden, Mary H. Peele, Jannie S. Arthur, And they knew what George Washington American policy to placate rightwing sup had once said: In time of peace plan for war. porters. Rather, the United States should Frances Caesar, Maude Faye Patterson, Carole Anderson Graves, Lois Patterson Car The Veterans of Foreign Wars listened actively support efforts to broker a negotiat and watched and then at their 30th Nation ed settlement through the United Nations, penter, E. Alma Flagg, Ed. D., Helyn Payne al Convention in 1929, adopted two resolu also linking continued military aid to Cris Baltimore, Sadie Baten Bonner, Charlotte B. tions addressing national defense. They tiani with the successful prosecution of Cade, Geraldine T. Crooms, Theresa S. David, called for a defense adequate to protect the those involved in the brutal murder of six Constance L. Greene, Genevieve H. Hardy, country, and for an end to the disarmament Jesuit priests last November. Joan F. Henderson, Constance L. James, Jo that was underway. The United States and Nicaragua are on sephine Belle Janifer, Betty C. Cobb, and Ari In August of 1930, the VFW again called the verge of a new relationship. Transition garee K. Pitchford. on the Congress to provide for an adequate al periods can be the most sensitive times. defense. This call came in response to the The Bush Administration has to remember War Department's announcement that that past U.S. action in Central America can MILITARY PREPAREDNESS America's ammunition reserves were dan render suspect any future action, however, gerously low and that Congress had not well-motivated. The United States should funded replacements. work through individuals, including Carter HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. In September of 1933, the VFW supported and Arias, who have established ties and OF KENTUCKY the Secretary of War in his request for credibility with both sides. Most important, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more funds for the Armed Forces. And at the Nicaraguans must be allowed to solve our National Convention we called for a transition and reconciliation problems for Tuesday, March 6, 1990 stop to further reductions in our Armed themselves. Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, I have re Forces. ceived an excellent letter from a longtime At the same time we were calling for an friend and a constituent of whom I am very adequate defense, those nations who would A TRIBUTE TO THE BETA ALPHA soon be our enemies were building the OMEGA CHAPTER OF THE proud, Joel G. Hurley of Dawson Springs, KY, greatest offensive forces ever seen. ALPHA KAPPA ALPHA SORORI the Commander of the Department of Ken Outbreaks of violence in Europe in the TY tucky Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United winter of 1934 brought new warnings from States. the VFW. We called for America to remain HON. DONALD M. PAYNE I would like to share with my colleagues a neutral-but to strengthen its defense. speech Commander Hurley delivered on De In an editorial in the 1934 VFW Magazine, OF NEW JERSEY our leadership said that no nation on earth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cember 7 last year to the National Pearl Harbor Survivors Association's convention would attack a strong America. Yet, Amer Tuesday, March 6, 1990 ica did nothing to make itself strong. Those held in Lexington, KY. In his remarks he re who wanted peace thought you could have Mr. PAYNE of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, I flects on the lessons learned from the attack it by remaining neutral. want to draw my colleagues' attention to a on Pearl Harbor and emphasizes the impor While the world raced toward another celebration that is taking place in my district tance of maintaining the resolve and strength war, America felt safe in its isolation-an tomorrow. The Beta Alpha Omega Chapter of to prevent another war. ocean to the East-an ocean to the West 3594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 and friendly neighbors to the North and Peace is a challenge each of us must meet The FDIC has since filed a "Suggestion" South. each day. It is not something someone else for a rehearing en bane in the Jenkins case. But the VFW did not feel safe. At our Na is going to do for you. This filing is misleading as a factual matter tional Convention in 1936, we adopted reso The best defense is to understand what and insulting to those of us who specifically lutions calling for increased defense spend America stands for-and believe in what addressed the priority issue during the con ing, deportation of foreign born commu America stands for. Cast your vote for peace ference committee deliberations on nists, elimination of Anti-American teach at every election, and add your support to FIRREA last summer. Moreover, the FDIC ings in our colleges and universities, and re the national resolve to remain free. is well aware of the accurate legislative his striction on the export of American techni When you do this, you honor those who tory in this matter, since representatives of cal knowledge. died at Pearl Harbor-and you make Amer the corporation were in attendance when We saw the threat to America from ica a living memorial to them. the priority issue was debated at length and abroad and from within, but still America voted upon in the conference. held to the course of undefended neutrality. In sum, last summer the FDIC suggested The bombs of December 7, 1941 were only FDIC MISLEADS COURT that legislative language be included in five years away. While America slept, the FIRREA to change the law on priority to world prepared for war. conform to its legal arguments in the Jen In our 42nd National Convention of HON. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, JR. kins case. This language was overwhelming August, 1941, we adopted 139 resolutions- OF WEST VIRGINIA ly and specifically rejected by the confer ence and, thereafter, by Congress. Neverthe 18 concerned national defense. In these we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES called for the mobilization and defense pro less, the FDIC is now trying to rewrite the curement programs that it would take the Tuesday, March 6, 1990 legislative history to deny that its priority language, and therefore, the policy of estab bombs of December 7th to put into effect. Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, during con Were we ahead of the times? No, we were lishing an absolute priority, were directly just aware of the times. Peace is not some ference committee deliberations on the Finan rejected. This, in our opinion, represents an thing you inherit and have forever-it is a cial Institutions Reform, Recovery and En example of game playing and bad faith by challenge that each generation must meet. forcement Act of 1989 [FIRREA] last summer the FDIC that we cannot ignore. Aware that war was imminent, the VFW considerable time was spent debating the Specifically, the FDIC's filing for a re adopted another resolution at that conven merits of a provision in the Senate bill that hearing en bane notes that the statement of tion that spelled out its belief in America would have given the FDIC an absolute priori the managers accompanying the conference and its determination to fight for that report on FIRREA contains no explanation ty over shareholders and other creditors in of why the absolute priority provision was belief. The words of the resolution are as suits against directors, officers, and others re meaningful today as they were in August of deleted. The filing neglects to mention that 1941. I would like to share the last para sponsible for the failure of a savings institu the provision was the subject of extended graph with you. tion. Fortunately, the House conferees stood debate in the conference over an entire "Be it resolved, that the Veterans of For firm, and overwhelmingly rejected this provi morning, in which all of us participated at eign Wars of the United States assembled in sion, which would have seriously undermined length in opposing the priority, as did the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in its 42nd Na bank fraud enforcement efforts and been at Chairman of the House Banking Committee tional Convention, go on record wholeheart and the conference, Mr. Gonzalez. Among Cross purposes with the underlying thrust of the policy reasons we cited for opposing this edly endorsing and supporting those meas FIRREA. The Senate conferees ultimately re ures taken by the Government of the priority were that it would undermine bank ceded on this issue, and the priority provision fraud enforcement efforts by discouraging United States of America to defend and per was dropped from the final legislation. petuate the American way of life from any private suits against wrongdoers, penalize and all aggressors." Recently, in a filing before the U.S. Court of the innocent victims of fraud, lessen the in Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in the case of centive for the FDIC to pursue its own ac We make the same pledge today, in a tions promptly and vigorously, and be pa world as threatened by war as it was in FDIC versus Jenkins, the FDIC seriously mis represented the legislative ·history of the priori tently unfair to private litigants who have 1941-but a world in which America has the spent the time and money to develop a resolve and the strength to prevent war. ty provision. My colleagues-Representatives case-only to see the FDIC step and assert a When the bombs of December 7, 1941 fell, GLICKMAN, MCCOLLUM, and JAMES-and I, priority. we as a nation learned that only the weak who were personally involved in the debate on The FDIC's filing does mention in a foot are ever attacked. The strength that allows this issue, have written FDIC Chairman Seid note that a letter from the FDIC on the you to fight a war also allows you to enjoy man to point out the misleading nature of the issue was read to the conference, but omits peace. filing and to request an explanation. Fortu that Senator Heinz spoke in favor of the Ever since December 7, 1941, people have priority and offered the expertise of the discussed the attack on Pearl Harbor and nately, the eleventh circuit recently ruled against the FDIC in its "suggestion" for a re FDIC representatives present in the room have tried to place the blame. Who will ever to answer questions on the letter and the be able to say for sure who alone was to hearing en bane in the Jenkins case. subject. The filing also fails to point out blame. But, who will ever be able to deny I wish to share a copy of this letter with the that, after lengthy debate on whether a pri that while the world prepared for war, House. ority should be given to the FDIC, the America failed to defend the peace she cher CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, House conferees voted specifically on the ished so much. Washington, DC, January 30, 1990. priority issue, overwhelmingly rejecting it. The lesson learned on December 7, 1941 is Mr. L. WILLIAM SEIDMAN, In the face of this vote, the Senate receded just as meaningful today-only the weak are Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Cor and the priority provision was deleted from ever attacked. Peace belongs to those pre poration, Washington, DC. the final bill. This was clearly a direct and pared to defend it and if necessary to fight DEAR CHAIRMAN SEIDMAN: As House con substantive congressional decision that the for it. ferees last year for the Judiciary and Bank FDIC should not have an absolute priority We remember Pearl Harbor today and we ing Committees on the Savings & Loan bill, in these cases. honor those who gave their lives there. And we are deeply concerned about a recent The FDIC's filing for a rehearing also we re-affirm our resolve that there will be filing by the FDIC in the United States denigrates the statements by two of us on no more Pearl Harbors. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in the floor of the House during consideration In 1941, we had time to regroup and fight the case of FDIC v. Jenkins DAN GLICKMAN, we did not fully fund. Hundreds of thousands men and women from every walk of life, BILL MCCOLLUM, of our homeless citizens may lack for emer most of them definitely not careerists in the HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, JR., gency shelter, for basic health care, and for military, Americans who have unfailingly CRAIG JAMES, answered the call of our Nation in times of Members of Congress. mental health services if we do not. I urge my great need. Our Nation, in return, owes colleagues to join me in sponsoring this legis them our thanks, our respect, and the care lation. promised by a President some 125 years ago. INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLA A declining quality and availability of TION TO PROVIDE SUPPLE medical services for those whose scars of MENTAL FUNDING FOR McKIN THE AMERICAN LEGION battle remain is both an insult to them and NEY HOMELESS ASSISTANCE HONORS BOB TRAXLER to us as a nation of people so indebted and, PROGRAMS at least in words, committed to caring. HON. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY The costs of war and the recovery from OF MISSISSIPI war go on for years, long after the last shell HON. BRUCE F. VENTO is fired and even long after the passions of OF MINNESOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the conflict have faded. These costs-the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 6, 1990 costs of simply caring for those who have Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, on Feb carried the burdens and sacrifices in up Tuesday, March 6, 1990 holding our way of life-are just. And they ruary 27, our colleague BOB TRAXLER, the dis Mr. VENTO. Speaker, today, I am introduc must not be shirked. tinguished gentleman from Michigan, received ing legislation to provide fiscal year 1990 I think it will come as no surprise to the American Legion's 1990 Distinguished emergency supplemental funding of $90.3 mil anyone here that the VA medical care Public Service Award for "his outstanding system has fallen on hard times in the past lion to fully fund three essential McKinney leadership to promote the interests of veter ten years. Our largest group of living veter homeless assistance programs that were ans by aggressively protecting programs vital ans is aging and in need of services. Our shortfunded last year: The emergency shelter to veterans." The award, which I was privi younger veterans suffer from special needs, grants block grant, the health services cate leged to receive in 1989, was presented to not fully understood or even existent in pre gorical grant and the mental health block Representative TRAXLER by American Legion vious generations. And yet we have been grant. These desperately needed supplemen trying to live up to our historic commitment National Commander Miles S. Epling during to do more with less in the way of resources. tal funds will enable these key programs to the organization's Washington conference. prevent the shutdown of currently operating Many of our hospitals are aging and in need There certainly is no individual more deserv of renovation, while at the same time, projects while allowing them to provide addi ing of such recognition. Veterans have no changing demographics have dictated the tional assistance for projects that are, in many greater champion nor more loyal friend. As need for more hospitals, an area where we cases, already approved, but not funded. chairman of the House Appropriations Sub also are behind. My legislation would provide supplemental committee on VA, HUD, and Independent Worst of all in my mind is that we have al funds of $51.8 million to the Emergency Shel Agencies, BOB has demonstrated time and lowed staffing levels in our hospitals to fall ter Grant [ESG] Program. The supplemental below the number required to maintain the again that he intends to make certain that vet beds we believed to be in service. Anyone request for ESG represents 42 percent of the erans receive their rightful share of Federal 1990 authorization level of $125 million. The who has even casually walked through a funding. He's gone to bat for veterans many typical hospital in the last few years has need is demonstrated by the recent annual times. seen it. The mattresses turned up, the lights survey on hunger and homelessness compiled Prominent among his accomplishments is off, what House Veterans' Affairs Chairman by the U.S. Conference of Mayors which his role as the principal player in securing en SONNY MONTGOMERY has called the "phan found that requests for emergency shelter in actment of crucial supplemental funding for tom beds," not just here and there, but the 27 survey cities have increased by 25 per our VA hospitals last year. As a gentleman often whole wards or even wings, cruelly cent while 22 percent of those requests went who believes that veterans' health care taken out of service for those who have unmet. Additional funds in the ESG Program should be among the Nation's highest budget served. could help meet those pressing needs. We can and must do better to return our ary priorities, he has certainly put his beliefs, VA medical care system to its rightful posi This bill would also provide $31.2 million in his determination, and his work where his tion as a place where veterans can get the critically needed supplemental funding to pri mouth is. best possible care and treatment in a digni mary health services and substance abuse Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with my fied setting and manner. And, I consider services for the homeless. Because of the colleagues BOB TRAXLER'S remarks upon re this to be a top budget priority. fiscal year 1990 shortfall, health clinics for the ceiving this prestigious award from the Ameri To that end, I must in all candor and hu homeless around the country are shutting can Legion. The simple eloquence of his mility remind you that no man is an down or being forced to cut back their serv statement tells of a strong and unyielding island-even a subcommittee chairman in ices. Seventeen clinics are facing a 3-month the Congress. I need a lot of help from my commitment to our defenders. friends-and from your friends, friends of complete phaseout of Federal funding. The statement follows: the veteran in Congress. In particular, Con Twenty-three of the one hundred and nine REMARKS OF HON. BOB TRAXLER, AMERICAN gressman Sonny Montgomery has long been currently funded clinics have had their funding LEGION NATIONAL CONVENTION, FEBRUARY the first and foremost champion of the vet levels reduced as a result of the low level of 27, 1990 eran and the veteran's most eloquent and funding. Additionally, 27 projects have been National Commander Epling, National Ad effective voice in the halls of Congress. approved for funding that is just not available. jutant Spanogle, National Auxiliary Presi Sonny is a man for whose counsel and All of these projects are essential for the pro dent Calder, National Vice Commanders, advice I am most grateful. vision of health care services to the homeless. Past National Commanders, and other dis I hope that the 1990 appropriations bill tinguished guests. I am extremely proud to enacted last year, in addition to the supple Finally, the bill would provide $7.2 million in accept your 1990 Distinguished Public Serv mental appropriations for 1989 approved supplemental funds to the mental health serv ice Award. As a draftee who served two earlier last year have begun to restore sta ices for the Homeless State Block Grant Pro years in Europe during the 1950's, I never bility to the hospital system, but I am under gram. A February 9, 1990, report by the Na dreamed that an honor such as this would no illusion that we are yet out of the woods. tional Association of State Mental Health Pro- ever-or could ever-come my way. One of the most critical elements we have 3596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 been trying to address is the matter of staff that the Congress will "come through" with mum wage, tax policy, or international com ing. Budgets for all hospitals are by defini the necessary levels of spending to assure petitiveness, let us think about people like tion heavily staff intensive. Resources are veterans benefits and medical care. Compe Jamie Delaney and her family, owners of Au needed not only to fill staffing positions. tition for the Federal dollar is intense. But consistency and predictability in the re I will continue to fight harder than ever gustina, who are out there on the front lines of sources for staffing is essential for the re for this funding, but Federal budget pres job creation. I extend my best wishes to the tention of qualified professionals. sures are growing more and more severe, so Delaneys and the Augustina Co. for every Our VA hospital system has been blessed we have all got to pull together to insure possible success in their new home. I am con with thousands of strongly dedicated that our historic and just commitment to fident they will be a valuable addition to the nurses, doctors, administrators, technicians caring for our Nation's veterans is not short community. and others who believe in the VA hospital changed. system; and they deserve the support of the Congress and the American people on your EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF behalf. INTRODUCING A BILL TO 1990 As chairman of the VA, HUD and Inde MATCH CAMPAIGN CONTRIBU pendent Agencies Subcommittee in the TIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS House, I am very proud of the 1990 funding .WITHIN CONTESTED CONGRES HON. MEL LEVINE bill that the House and Senate approved for SIONAL DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA the Department of Veterans Affairs. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VA medical care budget-spending for VA hospitals and clinics-for 1990 is $11.4 bil HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Tuesday, March 6, 1990 lion, nearly $700 million more than request OF MASSACHUSETTS Mr. LEVINE of California. Mr. Speaker, ed in the Reagan and Bush budgets. This IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amount, in addition to the $340 million sup today I am introducing the Export Enhance plemental appropriation for 1989, provided Tuesday, March 6, 1990 ment Act of 1990. This legislation would make last summer, is intended to help the hospi Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to in urgently necessary changes in our export ad tal system maintain a national staffing level troduce a bill which should make a contribu ministration law to adapt to the rapid changes of 194,000, the level I believe is a minimum tion to the debate over congressional cam in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. to assure our veterans of the level of medi The folly of forcing U.S. firms to negotiate a cal care they so richly deserve. paign finance reform. Briefly put, this bill will increase the influ bureacratic labyrinth for a simple export li Unfortunately, the effects of a Gramm cense has never been more apparent than Rudman across the board cut have skewed ence citizens of a district have over their con our efforts somewhat, leaving another gressional elections. The bill requires the Fed today. It is of fundamental importance that shortfall (about $150 million) that all but eral Elections Commission to make a match foot-dragging in the United States not hinder precludes our reaching that staffing target. ing payment, financed by a checkoff on Fed our own exporters as other nations enthusi The Gramm-Rudman cut also makes Presi eral income tax returns, for each contribution astically take advantage of new business op dent Bush's request for 1991-a far health of up to $1,000 to a congressional campaign portunities around the globe. ier number than we've seen from any ad from within a contested district. · This legislation will revise cumbersome ministration in some time-look a little less American high technology export regulations sizable as an increase, since his increase is This would increase the weight each individ ual's contribution makes, while simultaneously which hamper the ability of U.S. firms to com on top of the diminished 1990 number, still, pete in the international marketplace. I want to pay special tribute here to our Na making it more profitable and important for tion's first Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Ed candidates to seek funds within their own dis Among the bill's provisions are: Derwlnski, my longtime colleague in the trict. No PAC or other organizational donation A substantial liberalization of restrictions on House, is the right man at the right time to would be eligible for the matching funds. exports to Eastern Europe, plus most favored represent the interests of veterans at the This approach would avoid increasing taxes nation status, OPIC insurance, eximbank fi highest levels of our Government. He has or Government spending, and would increase nancing and GSP for democratizing countries been a pleasure for me to work with in my in that region; first year as chairman. Veterans and their the influence of small individual contributors. It thus has neither the drawbacks posed by in A clarification of jurisdictional lines between families should know that they have an out the Departments of State, Commerce and De standing and effective advocate for their in stituting a public financing mechanism during terests at the Cabinet table. a time of high budget deficits, nor the problem fense over commercial-military "dual use" I plan to work with Veteran Affairs Com of raising the limit on individual contributions items; mittee Chairman Sonny Montgomery, Sec and thus increasing the influence of richer in An automatic decontrol of items to free retary Derwinski, and my Senate counter dividuals over the election process. world destinations after 2 years unless the part, Senator Barbara Mikulski, who is The bill is not intended as a comprehensive Department of Commerce formally recontrols keenly attuned to the needs of veterans, in them; the weeks and months ahead to do every solution to the problems of campaign finance. It is, however, a constructive suggestion which An elimination of licensing requirements for thing possible to strive for our goal of a exports to member nations of the Coordinat staffing level of at least 194,720. And I look will go some way toward restoring local con forward to your help in that quest. trol over elections. ing Committee on Export Controls; But, as you may know, we are now living Support for international negotiations to with something called the Sec. 302(b) bring newly industrialized countries into budget allocation process. The subcommit JOBS FOR TAOS Cocom to increase 'its effectiveness. tee I chair also funds our Nation's space Revision of many of these procedures is program housing programs for the poor and HON. BILL RICHARDSON long overdue. The changes become ever the homeless, programs to clean up our en OF NEW MEXICO more urgent as the explosive change in East vironment and programs to stimulate basic ern Europe pressures our Cocom allies in research in our Nation's universities and sci IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Western Europe to relax restrictive export ence education for our young people. That Tuesday, March 6, 1990 all-important 302(b) allocation, which will controls. occur within the next couple of months, will Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I would I urge my colleagues to support this legisla lay down the parameters within which we like to extend a warm welcome to the Augus tion, and ask unanimous consent that a copy must work. But, as I said, maintaining our tina Co., a clothing manufacturer, which is re of the bill and a brief summary be included in veterans' medical care system remains a top locating to Taos, NM. In an area of high un the RECORD. budget priority with me. employment, Augustina will be providing ap SECTION BY SECTION ANALYSIS: EXPORT While I feel good about the result of my proximately 20 jobs paying $7 to $8 per hour. ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1990 first year as chairman of the VA Appropria While this may not seem like many jobs, or tions Subcommittee and the outlook for the TITLE I: EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT upcoming year, I can only urge all veterans high pay, in our Nation's urban areas, it is big 101. Requires the President to review the and their families to continue the hard news in rural areas such as northern New current list of controlled countries and work of educating all Members of Congress Mexico. make a determination as to whether all about the needs faced by veterans and their When in this Chamber we discuss weighty countries on the list should remain. He families. Veterans can no longer assume matters of national policy, whether it be mini- must also review criteria in the Act for de- ~·~'P>~~ .. -.. - . .
March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3597 termining a controlled country and report 203. Allows Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East SEC. 105. TRADE SHOWS. to Congress his recommendations for Germany, and Romania to be eligible for Section 5<6> of the Export Administra change. OPIC. tion Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2404Ce){6)) 102. China "greenline" level can be ex 204. Allows Eximbank financing for is amended- ported to Eastern Europe. projects in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East <1) by striking "the People's Republic of 103. The President can identify non-mili Germany and Romania. China" the first place it appears and insert tary sectors that would help economic H.R.- ing "any country"; reform in the Soviet Union and in mental protection>. Technology in these sec Representatives of the United States of serting "such country"; and tors would then be eligible for export at America in Congress assembled, (3) by adding at the end the following: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. levels higher than currently allowed. "This paragraph does not apply in the case 104. Permits bulk licensing for Eastern This Act may be cited as the "Export En hancement Act of 1990". of a trade show in the Soviet Union to su Europe, to make it easier for exporters to percomputers, goods or technology for sen send numerous shipments of the same item TITLE I-EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT sitive nuclear uses (as defined by the Secre to pre-approved end users. SEC. 101. CONTROLLED COUNTRIES. tary), or devices for surreptitious intercep 105. Allows items to be exported for trade tion of wire or oral communications.". shows that would not otherwise be exporta (a) IN GENERAL.-In light of the rapidly ble, so long as certain conditions are met. changing strategic environment, the Presi SEC. 106. EXPORTS TO COCOM. 106. Mandates that within one year of en dent shall- (a) IN GENERAL.-Section 5Ca)(4) of the actment, no validated licenses may be re <1) assess the current list of controlled Export Administration Act of 1979 <50 quired for exports to COCOM or countries countries and determine whether the list re U.S.C. App. 2404<4» is amended to read with which we have an agreement to abide mains appropriate; and as follows: by COCOM policy <5 countries). No reex <2) review the criteria contained in section "(4) Effective on and after the expiration port controls among COCOM nations. 5(b)(l) of the Export Administration Act of of 1 year after the date of enactment of this 107. Gives Commerce sole authority to de 1979. paragraph, a validated license is not re termine what is controlled under this Act (b) REPORTs.-Not later than 3 months quired for any export to or reexport to or C2) 1979 <50 U.S.C. Ap. 2404<2> is repealed. it must be sent to the President. He then and recommend any changes he deems ap SEC. 107. DUAL USE ITEMS. has 20 days to make a determination, and if propriate. Section 17 of the Export Administation no action is taken, Commerce's ruling SEC. 102. EXPORTS TO EASTERN EUROPE. Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2416Cb)) is stands. Section 5(b) of the Export Administration amended to read as follows: 108. Gives Commerce a permanent repre Act of 1979 <50 U.S.C. App. 2404(b)) is "Cb> AGENCY JuRISDICTION.-Notwithstand sentative at COCOM and requires the Ad amended by adding at the end the follow ing any other provision of law, the Secre ministration to report to Congress on why ing: tary shall determine whether an item is sub Commerce should not be the lead agency. "(8) Within 6 months of the effective date ject to controls under this Act. Upon the ex 109. Requires the Administration to of this paragraph, controls on exports to piration of 3 months after the date of enact review the sophistication of goods and tech Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German ment of this subsection, no item subject to nology available in the Newly Industrialized Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, and controls under section 5 may be subject to Countries and determine if those technol Romania shall be no more rigorous than controls under the Arms Export Control ogies warrant multilateral controls. If so, were controls on exports to the People's Re Act. In any case where there is a dispute re the U.S. should work with our COCOM public of China on January 1, 1989, if the garding the applicability of controls under allies to get these countries to join the mul countries have in place safeguards equiva this Act or controls under the Arms Export tilateral control system. lent to those in the People's Republic of Control Act, the head of any dissenting 110. Gives commerce the authority to China. The application review procedure for agency may notify the Secretary in writing issue regulations to administer export con such exports should be the same as that for of his or her objection. If the two agencies trols without the concurrence of any other exports to the People's Republic of China cannot concur on which controls should agency, unless expressly stated otherwise in on January 1, 1989.". apply within 20 days after such notification, the Act. SEC. 103. SOVIET REFORM. the matter shall be referred to the Presi 111. Changes current technology indexing IN GENERAL.-Section 5 of the Export dent for a determination. If no action is provision to state that the Secretary shall Administration Act of 1979 <50 U.S.C. App. · taken within 20 days after the matter is re on an ongoing basis index performance 2404) is amended by adding at the end the ferred, the determination of the Secretary levels of the Export Administra list to Free World destinations after 2 years subsection on, those nonmilitary industries tion Act of 1979 <50 U.S.C. App. 2414(a)) is unless Commerce formally determines con and sectors thereof that can undertake amended by adding at the end thereof the trols should remain. projects to assist the economic reforms in following: "The Secretary shall designate an 113. Moves Defense's authority in the the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In official of the Department of Commerce to review process from the Undersecretary for connection with such projects, approvals of represent the Secretary on a permanent Defense Policy to the Undersecretary for export licenses for goods or technology at basis in the United States Delegation to the Acquisitions, where the Militarily Critical higher levels shall be granted to assure Coordinating Committee. Not later than De Technologies List is made and there is project completion unless the end-user pre cember 31, 1990, the President shall trans greater technical expertise. sents a significant risk of diversion to a mili mit to the Congress a report describing the 114. Deletes the parenthetical phrase "to tary use.". structure of the United States delegation to the maximum extent consistent with the (b) Poucv.-Section 2(11) of the Export the Coordinating Committee and setting purposes of this Act" from the section on Administration Act of 1979 <50 U.S.C. App. forth any reasons why the representative of Militarily Critical Technologies to ensure 2401(11)) is repealed. the Department of Commerce should not be that controls are limited to items which are SEC. 104. BULK LICENSES. the chairperson of the delegation.". militarily critical. Section 4(a)(2} of the Export Administra SEC. 109. TREATMENT OF NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED TITLE II: TRADE AND INVESTMENT tion Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2403(a)(2)) COUNTRIES. 201. Urges President to grant MFN for is amended by inserting after "People's Re (a) IN GENERAL.-Section 5(k) of the Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany public of China" each place it appears the Export Administration Act of 1979 <50 and Romania. following: ", Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the U.S.C. App. 2404(k)) is amended by adding 202. Allows Czechoslovakia, East Germany German Democratic Republic, Hungary, at the end of the following: "The Secretary and the USSR to be eligible for GSP. Poland, or Romania". of Commerce shall undertake a review of, 3598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 and report to the Congress not later than 3 German Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lith fered plans, fielded replies, took home pro months after the date of enactment of the uania, and Romania". posals and shook the hands of dozens of Export Enhancement Act of 1900 on, the SEC. 202. ELIGIBILITY FOR GENERALIZED SYSTEM former communits, present communists and goods and technology available from newly OF PREFERENCES. onetime jailbirds in Czechoslovakia, the industrialized countries to determine if such Subsection (b) of section 502 of the Trade Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Romania. goods and technology are of such sophistica Act of 1974 <19 U.S.C. 2462(b)) is amended He brought back discernible progress in tion that they warrant multilateral control. <1) by striking out "Czechoslovakia", arms control, or so it is said. But in the eu If so, the Secretary of State, in coordination <2) by striking out "Germany of the Export Administration mites. In the Soviet Union, the nationalist Act of 1979 <50 U.S.C. App. 2404(p)) is the end of World War II came Soviet domina organization Pamyat calls Jews the enemy amended by striking "of Defense Policy" tion of Eastern Europe and total control of ci of the people. Leaflets threaten Jews and and inserting "for Acquisition". vilian life. Anti-Semitism, once widespread in warn them to leave the country. SEC. 114. LIMITATION OF CONTROLS. Hitler's Europe, became quieted with the au Under communism's iron control, anti Section 5(d)(l) of the Export Administra thoritarian rule of the Soviet Union. semitism in these nations was more or less tion Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2404 The President shall, at the earliest leagues to read it. possible time, act, in accord with the criteria U.S. MUST FIGHT ANTI-SEMITISM and procedures set forth in section 402 of In his quick tour of the wreckage of com the Trade Act of 1974, to confer nondiscrim munism, Secretary of State James A. Baker inatory ('most-favored-nation') trade status III was too busy to be gleeful, at least on Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, the openly. He neogitated, debated, argued, of- March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3599 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF LAKE tractors responding to the survey could not THE SUGAR PROGRAM COUNTY, OH perform construction projects they had other wise won because no corporate surety would HON. TOM LEWIS HON. DENNISE. ECKART bond them. OF FLORIDA OF OHIO Moreover, the difficulties minority contrac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tors have with corporate surety bonding are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 6, 1990 not solely limited to new contractors. Many Tuesday, March 6, 1990 experienced minority construction firms have Mr. LEWIS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, there Mr. ECKART. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in been either denied bonding or terminated have been genuine concerns raised by Carib recognition of the 150th anniversary of Lake after initially receiving bonding. bean Basin nations, that they are being used County, OH. On March 6, 1840, legislation The corporate surety industry claims that it as a stalking horse for the attacks on the U.S. passed in both houses of the Ohio General does not discriminate, but it has no figures on sugar program. In fact, the international prac Assembly officially creating Lake County, the the amount of business it is doing with minori tices which create problems for sugar export smallest of Ohio counties. Furthermore, the ty firms. The strict criteria used by corporate ing nations in the Caribbean are the same Lake County commissioners officially declared sureties effectively discriminate against minori practices which forced the United States to the year 1990, "The Year of the Lake County ty and women contractors. Reasons such as adopt the defense of a quota system. Sesquicentennial.'' "unfamiliarity with the bonding market", "new The real problem with the international In 1795, the western Indians ceded eastern ness to the industry," "small size of the firm" sugar economy is that world prices are artifi Ohio to the United States and the earliest set and "inadequate financial capital", are often cially low-the result of a worldwide pattern of tlement was in Lake County, at Mentor Marsh. given by corporate surety firms to deny bond abusive subsidies which has pushed residual sugar prices below the cost of production For decades the nursery capital of the world, ing to minority contractors. even for some of the efficient producers in the Lake County rapidly urbanized after WWII. The lack of access to corporate bonding, Caribbean and the United States. Many suburban cities sprang into being sup therefore, has led minority contractors to the plemented by agriculture from within the For CBI nations, the U.S. sugar market is only available alternative-individual sureties. county. Today, Lake County is a mixture of important because in the U.S. market, they An individual surety is simply any person who urban and rural communities. Additionally, can get a reasonable price for their sugar, in is willing and able to guarantee contract per many well-known attractions are found in the stead of depressed world dumping prices. If formance with his or her assets. The prolifera county. the United States canceled its program, two Lawnfield, one of the major attractions, was tion of the individual surety market in the last things would happen, neither of which would home to the 20th President of the United few years has resulted in many abuses, in benefit CBI ecomomies: States, James A. Garfield, and bears the mark cluding individuals listing assets that they do First, while Caribbean sugar exporters might of many generations of .-ie Garfield family. not own or overstating the value of assets be able to send more sugar to the United I come before you today to salute Lake they do own. In testimony during our hearings States, their sugar would no longer earn a County's 150 years of prosperity and I look last February we heard reports of subcon reasonable return. Instead, they would face forward to Lake County's promising future. tracts who attempted to collect from individual the kinds of depressed prices that have hurt sureties after the contractor failed to pay, only them in world markets. to come up emptyhanded. While this problem Second, by· canceling its sugar program, the LEGISLATION TO ESTABLISH A is considered by most in the construction in United States would undermine the chances PILOT PROGRAM FOR INDIVID dustry to be commonplace, there are no defin for international sugar policy reforms at the UAL SURETY ASSOCIATION itive data to indicate the default rate of individ multilateral trade talks. Secretary Clayton ual sureties. Yeutter, a committed free trade advocate, has HON. CARDISS COLLINS The bill I am introducing today will, I believe, urged the United States not to change its pro OF ILLINOIS eliminate the abuses among individual sureties gram unilaterally because it would remove the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which have become far too frequent, while incentive for groups like the European Com Tuesday, March 6, 1990 preserving access to the bonding market for munity to reform their program. small and minority firms. The legislation estab The fact is, the United States cannot solve Mrs. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, today I am in lishes a pilot. program which provides for fed the problems facing Caribbean sugar export troducing legislation to improve participation of erally approved associations of individual ers by itself. Economic studies have shown small and minority businesses in Federal pro sureties. The association concept permits indi that if we end our sugar program, the major curement by encouraging Federal agencies to viduals to pool their resources and collectively beneficiaries will be the European Economic accept contract bids underwritten by individual bond contracts. The association becomes Community and Cuba, not the CBI nations. sureties that are members of approved surety liable, therefore, for all contract obligations, Mr. Speaker, the U.S. sugar program pro associations. which is secured by a loss reserve fund paid vides vitally important leverage for trade nego Current regulations under the Miller Act (40 by members of the approved surety associa tiations trying to achieve the long-term multi U.S.C. 270a-270f) provide that all Federal tion. In order to become a member of the as national reforms that will mean real relief for construction projects over $25,000 be secured CBI nations. by either corporate bonds or personal surety sociation an individual would have to submit bonds. The purpose of the provisions is to certain financial information and be subject to ensure that the Government is protected in an audit. The association itself must adhere to LONG BEACH NAVAL SHIPYARD case the contractor defaults, and to ensure regulations and procedures established by a that subcontractors and suppliers of materials designated Federal agent. This is to ensure HON. MERVYN M. DYMALLY and labor get paid. Unfortunately, because of that all associations pass strict financial muster. Additionally, the associations would OF CALIFORNIA historical exclusion from the construction IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES market, and limited assets, among other fac be involved in contract monitoring to ensure tors, relatively few minority-owned companies that work is being properly performed and that Tuesday, March 6, 1990 have been able to secure corporate bonding. potential problems are circumvented. Mr. DYMALL Y. Mr. Speaker, recently, a del During hearings I held last February, it These federally approved associations will egation from the city of Long Beach, CA, became abundantly clear that many minority facilitate contracting officers in their review of headed by Mayor Ernie Kell, visited with Hon. construction contractors could not obtain con contract bids by giving them assurance that H. Lawrence Garrett Ill, Secretary of the Navy, struction work because no corporate surety the individual suretors is sound. I believe this regarding the Long Beach shipyard. would bond them and Federal contracting offi bill will serve the dual function of protecting I am attaching a statement from Mayor Kell cers were reluctant to accept individual sure the Government and subcontractor, while ex to Secretary Garrett: ties. A 1986 study conducted by the National panding bonding opportunity for minority Mr. Secretary, we had breakfast in Long Association of Minority Contractors found, for owned construction firms. I urge my col Beach not long ago and I appreciate your example, that nearly 95 percent of the con- leagues to support it. attention to our City. 3600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 Since then Long Beach has been told that If, after reading the article, other Members sources, some Eastern European nations are our shipyard will be closed. agree that our current mus~le-bound system expelling K.G.B. agents. We understand your answer is that you of export restrictions makes no sense in light None of these changes guarantees that an don't decide these things but please listen to Apple computer won't end up in Soviet how we see the Federal losses from the clos of the dramatic political and economic hands if Solidarity is allowed to buy one. ing. changes in Eastern Europe, I would urge them But Poland and Hungary have gone a step There will be economic losses that do not to contact my office and sign onto our letter further: volunteering to accept extremely cut the budget but widen the deficit. to the administration. intrusive safeguards, which include on-site There will be strategic losses that need [The New York Times, Mar. 4, 1990) inspections. Just a few days ago, after lessly compromise basic defense posture. months of delay, the Administration re There will be political losses that are NOT EVEN AN APPLE FOR POLAND sponded with a statement of export-control unwise for the Administration. (By John Heinz) principles so vague as to have no practical Here are examples supporting these losses WASHINGTON.-Solidarity wants an Apple value for negotiating a new arrangement. as well as documentation of the high cost of computer so it can do a better job of type The U.S. has long taken the lead on closing the shipyard. setting its newspaper. The Polish telecom export-control issues, but the Administra 1. The Navy appears to be downgrading munications authority wants to buy outdat tion's hesitation threatens to change that. California, the Country's strongest defense ed Western equipment so that local callers Soviet and Eastern Europe access to ad State. Of 43 base closures, 11 are in Califor will be able to dial direct. For now, the Ad vanced Western technology is governing by nia and 8 of those are Navy. ministration says Poland can't have either. the Coordinating Committee on Multilater 2. Economic Losses That Do Not Cut the Meanwhile, China, which savagely sup al Export Controls, made up of 14 Western Budget but Widen the Deficit presses democracy, can buy mainframe com European countries, Japan, Australia and Closing the most budget "profitable" ship puters 10 times more powerful than the the U.S. The unity of this watchdog, known yard will not cut the budget deficit. computer Solidarity's newspaper can't have. as Cocom, is one of the West's best sources After closing costs, the Navy will further Thanks to purchases of U.S. equipment and of leverage for democratic change in East aggravate the deficit when, due to the re satellites, China soon will have one of the ern Europe. duction of land bases in Europe, it will be world's most modern telecommunications In the past two years, France, Britain and necessary to reopen Long Beach to help systems. Italy have allowed companies to circumvent maintain maritime capability. The difference lies in liberalized export Cocom's control and sell advanced technolo Closing the shipyard at Long Beach to regulations agreed to in 1985 to encourage gy directly to the Soviet Union. This dete possibly expand the Naval Station will not China to "grow out" of tradition Marxism rioration in unity will continue to accelerate reduce the budget deficit. Leninism. Despite impressive attempts by the longer we resist adjusting to the The Long Beach Naval Shipyard is a Poland and Hungary to win U.S. confidence, changes in Eastern Europe. This message highly competitive bidder which helps to the Administration refuses to grant these was conveyed to the Administration at a keep private shipyard costs down. struggling democracies the same access to recent Cocom meeting; our partners called 3. Strategic Losses that Needlessly Com Western technology we allow China. That for a trade agreement with Eastern Europe promise Basic Defense Posture defies common sense. that would match t~ China arrangement in The Navy would eliminate from the West Poland and Hungary should be granted a every respect. The AClministration agreed to Coast the only non-nuclear, surface vessel, comparable arrangement immediately-con liberalize controls in only 3 of 39 technology overhaul base near the Pacific Surface tingent, of course, on President Bush's categories. Fleet, and disband its 4100 trained workers. having assurances that Soviet intelligence The costs of the Administration's delay California homeports at least 30% of all operatives in those countries have been will not be limited to a loss of international Naval surface vessels. Most of these would evicted or contained. The same should hold influence. We also will end up cutting U.S. be left with compromised Federal overhaul companies out of lucrative markets, while capability. for any Eastern European nation that Shipyard closure will eliminate the eco adopts a democratic system and takes con their Japanese and European counterparts nomic advantages of the Southern Califor crete steps to reduce its military, intelli cut deals. nia industrial base, the strongest in the U.S. gence and economic ties to the Soviet Long Beach is the historic guts of Pacific Union. Rim overhaul. Helping Poland and Hungary match their HOW CONTRAS FELLED ORTEGA 4. Political Losses that are Unwise for the political successes with modernized, success Administration ful economies is the only way to insure the HON. DUNCAN HUNTER The Navy would purposely punish the permanence of reforms. Modem technology West Coast's most loyal Navy town. is the key. As Peter Varkonyi, Hungary's OF CALIFORNIA The Navy would strain the support of Ambassador to the U.S., put it, "We cannot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES California's 10% of The Congress and 14 have a first-rate economy with third-rate Chairmanships on Capitol Hill. technology, and we cannot earn the curren Tuesday, March 6, 1990 cy required to transform our backward Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, in the wake of economies into modern ones if we cannot compete in the world marketplace." last week's stunning UNO victory in Nicara ADMINISTRATION SHOULD gua, it is important that we examine the Amer MOVE FASTER ON EASING Recent reports indicate some Administra tion members are thinking about relaxing ican policies which forced Daniel Ortega to EXPORT CONTROLS controls affecting exports to Poland and conduct the elections and helped to return Hungary in perhaps a year. New technology freedom to the people of Nicaragua. HON. RON WYDEN can make a difference today; a year could be The article reprinted below appears in the OF OREGON too long, if democracy begins to weaken. In March 1O, 1990 edition of Human Events. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES explaining the delay, the Administration author, Brett Sciaroni, served as the counsel cites old worries: Both countries belonged to Tuesday, March 6, 1990 the Warsaw Pact; both were members of Co for President Reagan's Intelligence Oversight Board. I believe that my colleagues will find Mr. WYDEN. Mr. Speaker, my colleagues mecon, the Soviet-dominated economic alli that Mr. Sciaroni offers an excellent summary BILL GRADISON, NANCY JOHNSON, and I are ance, and both were heavily infiltrated by of why President Reagan's policy of aiding the. seeking signatures on a letter to the adminis the K.G.B. Today Comecon is dead in all but name. Nicaraguan freedom fighters was right. The ar tration urging faster action in dismantling out Its 10 member nations recently voted to ticle also outlines why we must continue to be dated restrictions on high-technology exports move toward a market-based system of vigilant in the face of the Sandinista's appar to Eastern Europe. trade. Hungary and Czechoslovakia pro ent reluctance to give up control of the Soviet This past Sunday in an op-ed in the New posed to gut the system and get on with in supplied 100,000-man army and the 20,000- York Times, Senator JOHN HEINZ made a tegrating their economies into the West. man police force. strong case for the need for major reforms in The Warsaw Pact, too, is all but dead. this area. Among other things, he noted that Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia have [From Human Events, Mar. 10, 1990) the administration will not approve the export announced military spending cuts of up to How CONTRAS FELLED ORTEGA ... AND WHY 25 percent in the coming year. Moscow THEY SHOULDN'T DISBAND of an Apple computer to Solidarity in Poland began withdrawing troops from Czechoslo to help typeset its newsletter. I would like to vakia a few days ago, and plans to begin (By Bretton G. Sciaroni) have the full text of that article printed in the pulling out of Poland and Hungary in In the wake of the stunning victory of RECORD. coming months. According to i?1peccable Nicaraguan opposition candidate Violeta March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3601 Chamorro over President Daniel Ortega, a American help to enforce the Contra demo Thus, the Bush Administration should not fierce debate has arisen over who should get bilization by Dec. 5, 1989, as promised in the agree to Contra demobilization until the credit for ousting the Sandinista strongman. Tela accord. For despite the involvement of army and secret police are disbanded, and Opponents of the Nicaraguan freedom the United Nations, an unprecedented use all security advisers from the Soviet bloc fighters were quick to assert that Chamor of the organization in this hemisphere, little and Cuba are sent home. To do otherwise ro's triumph had nothing whatsoever to do progress had been made in getting the re would jeopardize the fruits of Chamorro's with former President Ronald Reagan's sistance to turn in their weapons and electoral victory and the sacrifices of the policy of aiding the armed resistance. assume refugee status or be repatriated to freedom fighters on the battlefield. For example, a long-time opponent of Nicaragua. Reagan's Nicaraguan policy, ultraliberal Furthermore, despite losing the election, Sen. Tom Harkin Rice University. On top of his about the past of African-Americans-not only which African-Americans were excluded. Al community service as a labor and civil rights for African-Americans, but for all Americans. though African-Americans were allowed to leader, he somehow found time to serve as a The life of Moses LeRoy, who resided in the vote in the general election, in a one-party bank director, as a board member and life 18th District of Texas for many years, pro State like Texas, their exclusion from the pri member of the NAACP, and as a life member vides an excellent example of the importance maries effectively disenfranchised them. As a of the South Central YMCA. He was also a of heeding Dr. Woodson's call to preserve result, Mr. LeRoy and his allies made several 33d-degree Mason and a member of the King and celebrate our ethnicity. A courageous attempts to break into the Democratic Party. James Lodge No. 23, A.F.&A.M. of Houston leader in the labor and civil rights movements, These efforts bore fruit in 1944 when the for 40 years. Mr. LeRoy was instrumental in bringing mean U.S. Supreme Court decision in Smith versus Mr. LeRoy married the former Erma De ingful social change to Texas. The account of Allright abolished the all-white primary, an loney of Fulshear, TX, on December 16, Mr. LeRoy's life which follows is drawn from a event which allowed African-Americans in 1938. He was an associated member and stu variety of sources: the recollections of his Texas a chance to participate in the political dent of Unity Church of Christianity and a widow, Mrs. Erma Deloney LeRoy; from process. Mr. LeRoy was actively involved in member and supporter of University Christian newspaper stories and from an oral history the case-as he told Prof. Chandler Davidson Church, He died in Houston on February 10, interview with Mr. LeRoy conducted by Dr. of Rice University in an oral history interview, 1990, at the age of 92. He is survived by his Chandler Davidson of Houston's Rice Univer "I wasn't on the firing line all the time but I wife, Mrs. Erma Deloney LeRoy; daughter, sity. helped to pass the ammunition." Mrs. Carol Wilkins of Houston; grandson, Ray Moses LeRoy was born on December 9, Following this victory, he vigorously partici field Wilkins of Houston; granddaughter, Caro 1897 in Abbeville, LA, and was educated at pated in State and local politics. In 1946 he lyn Fountenberry of Belmont, CA; great-grand the Howe Institute, a small, Baptist-supported unsuccessfully sought election as a precinct son, Ronald David Fountenberry of Belmont, boarding school in New Iberia. He came to judge, and his wife, Erma Deloney LeRoy, ran CA; cousins, Mrs. Byford Baker of Greens Houston at an early age and found work as a for the State legislature in 1948. Although she boro, NC; Mrs. Johnie V. Caldwell of Milwau ditchdigger, digging many of the ditches in the was defeated, she did carry several precincts. kee, WI; Mrs. Mary Sammuels, of Gary, IN; Montrose and Allandale areas of Houston. He According to Mr. LeRoy, it was the first time in and a host of other relatives. also worked as a taxi driver and as a chauf the modern era an African-American ran for Thanks to Dr. Carter G. Woodson, the con feur for a well-to-do family. the Texas Legislature. tributions, past and present, of African-Ameri As a young man, Mr. LeRoy witnesses the In the decades following the Second World cans have been indelibly enshrined in the his explosion of racial tensions in Houston's infa War, Mr. LeRoy fought in the vanguard of the tory of our country. Thanks to Mr. Moses mous 1917 race riot, which was fueled by struggle for civil rights. In 1947, he marched LeRoy, African-Americans working on our Na racial discrimination and police brutality and on the U.S. Capitol with A. Phillip Randolph tion's railroads are free from the arbitrary bar involved many of the African-American sol and leaders from 37 other States to demand riers of discrimination, and the citizens of the diers stationed at nearby Camp Logan. the establishment of a fair employment prac city of Houston and the State of Texas-what In 1920 he went to work in the Southern tice commission. In 1950, during the McCarthy ever the color of their skin-enjoy the full Pacific Railroad shops, which exposed him to era, he refused to testify at a Houston depor measure of their civil rights guaranteed by the the unfair and discriminatory labor practices tation hearing for a couple whom the govern U.S. Constitution. used by the railroads in their dealings with Af ment was trying to deport because they were rican-Americans. Through experiences such Communists. In 1966, he joined striking Starr as a bitter railroad strike in 1922, he observed County farmworkers on their 400-mile march THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF what he came to view as the "economic roots from the Rio Grande Valley to the Texas State THE SERVICE CORPS OF RE of segregation" and saw first hand how indus Capital in Austin. TIRED EXECUTIVES ASSOCIA trialists played off African-Americans against Mr. LeRoy also served as a charter member TION [SCORE] whites. of the Harris County Council or Organizations, Mr. LeRoy joined the Brotherhood of Rail which helped build greater awareness among HON. NORMAN SISISKY way and Steamship Clerks-which later African-Americans of the need for social OF VIRGINIA became the Brotherhood of Railway Workers change and helped build the coalition in Hous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Airline Clerks-in the early 1930's, at a ton which brought that change about. During time when the organization only gave African the 1970's, he served as the chairman of Tuesday, March 6, 1990 Americans auxiliary memberships. Over the Houston's Model Cities Residents Commis Mr. SISISKY. Mr. Speaker, this year marks years, he fought at union conventions to gain sion, where he fought local efforts to slash the 25th anniversary of the Service Corps of full membership for African-Americans, and Model Cities funding, as well as an attempt by Retired Executives Association [SCORE). I achieved partial success in 1947, when the then-Mayor Louie Welch to fire the program's rise today to pay tribute to this organization union granted therri full membership, but cre acting director, a political opponent of the and to congratulate one very special man who ated segregated lodges-which were later mayor. In the 1980's, he convinced the Hous has helped to make SCORE an invaluable re successfully integrated. ton City Council to rename South Park Street source for American small business. I am Persevering, Mr. LeRoy rose through the after Dr. Martin Luther King. speaking of Walter H. Channing, the president ranks, becoming president of Local 1534 in Perhaps, Mr. LeRoy's most significant con emeritus of the SCORE association. In recog 1965. He continued to crusade for better jobs tribution to the citizens of Houston, however, nition of his unselfish contributions to the or for African-American railroad men and, during was the lawsuit he filed in 1973 against the ganization, SCORE is saluting Walter Chan the 1960s filed a discrimination suit against system of at-large city council elections in use ning this year at its annual spring board meet the Southern Pacific railroad and his own at the time, a system he felt was unrespon ing. union. The suit challenged the system of job sive. The Justice Department backed his ef Mr. Speaker, this is a worthy tribute and I classifications which kept African-Americans forts, and Houston voters eventually approved know that all of Congress joins with me to out of white-collar positions, and Mr. LeRoy's the current system in which nine council mem congratulate Walter on this well deserved and victory profoundly changed the railroads. bers are elected from specific districts, with timely recognition. Mr. LeRoy was a Democrat for most of his five elected at-large. The new system of elec SCORE was founded in 1964 to provide life, except for a brief period during the 1948 tions fundamentally changed the political new and struggling small businesses with the elections when he left the party as a result of structure of Houston. kind of specialized help that only come from what he saw as its inaction on racial equality In recognition of his many achievements, seasoned experts. The SCORE program is issues. Galvanized by their cry of "Down with Mr. LeRoy received numerous awards, includ comprised of approximately 13,000 men and segregation! Down with racism!," he joined ing an honorary fellowship from the John F. women business executives who voluntarily the Progressive Party effort to elect Henry Kennedy Library Foundation. A Houston city commit their time to share their management Wallace, serving as chairman of the Progres park and a day care center bear his name. In and technical expertise with present and pro sive organization in Houston. 1988 a fund in honor of Erma and Moses spective owners and managers of small busi- March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3605 nesses. The collective experience of these ample, and on the messy business of trans The control of noxious weeds is going to re volunteers spans the full range of American porting oil across the oceans. Our efforts to quire better cooperation among private land enterprise, and their willingness to help exem clean up the air and avoid further oilspills are owners, local and State weed control agen plifies the best of the American volunteer vitally important to our future. cies, and Federal land managers. We have spirit. In rural America, farmers and ranchers have learned that the noxious weeds do not much Men like Walter Channing exemplify that been fighting an entrenched gang of environ respect the simplistic weapon we call herbi spirit. In 1964 he joined with other former ex mental invaders of another sort. The names of cides. ecutives to form SCORE. Walter Channing these interlopers are not even recognized by A U.S. Fish and Wildlife official in my home dedicated his time and great energy to en most people in urban America. They are State, for example, related his agency's effort couraging America's business executives to called by such names as leafy spurge and to control leafy spurge by dousing an invasion share their experiences and unique perspec spotted knapweed, and Canadian thistle. As a of the weed with a strong application of herbi tives on starting and operating successful group, they are known as noxious weeds. cide. The pesticides burned the spurge right businesses with perspective business owners. Noxious weeds are not the acute threat to down to the ground. The next year, he said, As a result, SCORE is now an invaluable re health posed by miles of oil slick or an atmos the same weeds had grown back from their source to thousands of businesses across the phere laden with sulphur dioxide. Noxious roots and were advancing across more acres country. weeds do, however, cost this Nation billions of of native grassland. Every small business that has survived and dollars each year in food production, replace I have introduced a bill, H.R. 4183, to im prospered after taking advantage of the in pristine natural grasslands with landscapes of prove the coordination of noxious weed con depth business counseling and training provid trashy plants that cattle, deer, or other wildlife trol. The bill, quite simply, requires Federal ed by SCORE volunteers owes a debt of grati cannot eat. Also, most of the weeds are less agencies that own or control land to partici tude to the efforts of people like Walter Chan protective to fragile soil than are grasses, so pate with local and State weed control agen ning. that the advance of noxious weeds can also cies in noxious weed control plans. Mr. Speaker, Walter Channing began his leave topsoil more vulnerable to erosion. Such cooperation is not a new idea. In sev career as a merchandise manager at a major The spread of noxious weeds across this eral instances, Federal and State agencies Detroit department store and also served as a Nation is a kind of fractured Johnny Apple have formed agreements on control of nox marketing and retail distribution consultant seed story. The seeds for these weeds arrived ious weeds. My bill would extend this kind of with the Organization for Economic Coopera from Europe, Asia, Africa, and other places, cooperation so that any local or State govern tion and Development in Paris, France. Mr. hidden among the seeds for crops to be plant ment that has begun its own noxious weed Channing was also extremely active in a wide ed in the New World. They were spread control program can expect participation by variety of professional organizations. He has across the continent by cattle drives or by any Federal agency that has land within that served as chairman and a member of the birds or other wildlife. They were spread within State or local jurisdiction. board of directors of a division of the National shipments of hay across State lines, or by My bill is not a prescription for pesticide Retail Merchants Association, as well as the grain harvesting crews as they moved be spraying programs. On the contrary, it requires Michigan Retail Merchants Association. Mr. tween Texas and the Canadian Provinces with consideration of an interdisciplinary approach. Channing has also been active with the De their trucks and combines. That is, participants in weed control programs troit Chamber of Commerce, the International Unfortunately, no one told the ecologies of under this act must consider all methods of Association of Department Stores and the the Midwest, the Great Plains, or the Rocky weed control, including cultural farming prac International Association of Town Planning Mountains a thousand years ago to prepare tices and the selection of natural or biological and Distribution. He even served as the hon for an invasion of alien plants. Nature has little control methods. In some instances, for exam orary president of the New Serres Chamber of check on these plants. As a result, they ple, an interdisciplinary plan may mean sheep, Commerce. spread like prairie fire, whipped along by their which prefer broadleaf plants, would be Mr. Channing dedicated the same limitless pernicious dominance in the ecosystems they grazed on land infested with certain kids of energy that he brought to his professional invade. noxious weeds. career to his efforts on behalf of SCORE. He The noxious weeds infest cropland, range The future beauty of America's natural pre serves as the chairman of the SCORE legisla land, forests, and parks. Where they have in serves, the survival of our grasslands, and the tive affairs committee, he is a former president vaded fields, they cost U.S. farmers about $20 profitability of our farms, are all going to of the National SCORE Council and was billion annually in crop production. Where they depend upon some new approaches to nox awarded the Presidential SCORE Citation in have invaded rangeland, wildlife, and wilder ious weed control, and upon better coopera 1970. ness areas, they have choked out native tion among all who own or control infested Mr. Channing's dedicated service to his pro grasses that have survived for hundreds of lands. My bill will move us in that direction. fession and to his country is an inspiration to I ask that my bill be printed at the end of us all. years, replacing the grasses with plants that are mostly unpalatable to cattle, deer or most my statement. any animal except, in some cases, goats. H.R. 4183 AN INVASION OF ALIENS The North Dakota Department of Agriculture Be it enacted by the Senate and House of reports nearly a million acres of our State's Representatives of the United States of HON. BYRON L. DORGAN fields and grasslands are infested with a America in Congress assembled, OF NORTH DAKOTA single type of noxious weed, leafy spurge. In SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Montana, noxious weeds have taken over 9 This Act may be cited as the "National million acres. From the Pacific Northwest to Undesirable Plant Management Act of Tuesday, March 6, 1990 Texas, the aggressive alien weeds take over 1990". Mr. DORGAN of North Dakota. Mr. Speaker, hundreds of thousands of new acres each SEC. 2. AMENDMENT OF 1974 ACT. as we approach the 21st century one of man year. The Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 <7 kind's greatest challenges, it seems to me, is The battle against noxious weeds is dec U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) is amended by adding at to clean up the mess we have made of our ades old. Farmers, ranchers, State agriculture the end the following: continent in the 20th century. departments, local weed control boards, and "SEC. 115. MANAGEMENT OF UNDESIRABLE PLANTS Our explosion of technology, transportation, many State and Federal agencies that own or ON FEDERAL LANDS. agriculture, communications and other sectors manage land, have all struggled against the "(a) DUTIES OF AGENCIES.-Each Federal in this century has phenomenally improved advancing tide of alien weeds. Agency shall- our lives. In the process, we have also fouled This is a battle that mankind is not destined "(1) designate an office or person ade quately trained in the management of unde our nest. We are a nation on the move, drag to win. We are not going to eradicate noxious sirable plant species to develop and coordi ging our errors in ecological wisdom in our weeds. We must, however, learn better to live nate an undesirable plants management wake. with the troublesome plants and to control program for control of undesirable plants We have, fortunately, focused our attentions their advances across our ranges, fields, and on Federal lands under the agency's juris recently on the degradation of our air, for ex- parks. diction; 3606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 "(2) establish and adequately fund an un approach to making decisions regarding the dramatic reduction of the Government's desirable plants management program containment or control of an undesirable budget deficit, and an achievement of a sur through the agency's budgetary process; plant species or group of species, which- plus in the current account in 1987 for the first "(3) complete and implement cooperative " includes participation by personnel agreements with State agencies regarding of Federal or State agencies with experience time in 13 years. The success of the econom the management of undesirable plant spe in areas including weed science, range sci ic reform program has further strengthened cies on Federal lands under the agency's ju ence, wildlife biology, land management, the Government's resolve to continue to liber risdiction; and and forestry; and alize the economy. "(4) establish integrated management sys "(B) includes consideration of- The Government has also begun sending tems to control or contain undesirable plant "(i) the most efficient and effective strong signals to foreign investors-including species targeted under cooperative agree method of containing or controlling the un ments. desirable plant species; Americans-that it will make special efforts to "(b) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS. "(ii) scientific evidence and current tech welcome private investment in Morocco, and In the event an environmental assessment nology; has taken steps to improve the investment cli or environmental impact statement is re "(iii) the physiology and habitat of a plant mate. In an open letter to the Prime Minister, quired under the National Environmental species; and King Hassan II instructed the Government ad Policy Act of 1969 to implement plant con "(iv> the economic, social, and ecological ministration to reduce bureaucratic obstacles trol agreements, Federal Agencies shall consequences of implementing the program. complete such assessments or statements "(6) STATE AGENCIES.-The term 'State to the approval of investment proposals, and within 1 year after the requirement for such agency' means a State department of agri such instructions have the force of law in Mo assessment or statement is ascertained. culture, or other State agency or political rocco. The "Moroccanization" laws that re "(C) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH STATE subdivision thereof, responsible for the ad quired majority Moroccan ownership of private AGENCIES.- ministration or implementation of undesir enterprises in strategic economic sectors have "(!) IN GENERAL.-A Federal Agency shall able plants laws of a State. been abolished. enter into cooperative agreements with "(7) UNDESIRABLE PLANT SPECIES.-the term State agencies to coordinate the manage 'undesirable plants' means plant species These economic reforms have enhanced ment of undesirable plant species on Feder that are classified as undesirable, noxious, the natural wealth and potential of Morocco al lands. exotic, injurious, or poisonous, pursuant to that is most striking to the visitor. There is a "(2) CONTENTS OF PLAN.-A cooperative State of Federal law. Designation of unde strong agricultural sector that could become agreement entered into pursuant to para sirable plants under this section is limited even stronger with American technology and graph (1) shall- by the Endangered Species Act, and shall know-how, and which could also provide the "(A) prioritize and target undesirable not include plants indigenous to an area basis for a wide variety of agro-industries. And plant species or group of species to be con where control measures are to be taken trolled or contained within a specific geo under this section. as the article from Le Monde points out, Mo graphic area; "(f) DIRECTION TO SECRETARY.-The Secre rocco is strategically located to become a low " describe the integrated management tary of Agriculture shall exercise the au cost industrial base for the European Commu system to be used to control or contain the thority granted in this Act to control the nity, once the union has equalized wages targeted undesirable plant species or group spread of undesirable plants as a result of throughout the union. of species; and transporting seeds or commodities to or I hope that my colleagues will take note of " detail the means of implementing the from Federal lands.". integrated management system, define the the political courage evidenced in these dra duties of the Federal Agency and the State matic economic reforms, and I hope that agency in prosecuting that method and es MOROCCO AS A NEW ECONOMIC American businesses will act-as the Europe tablish a timeframe for the initiation and DRAGON ans are-to take advantage of the opportuni completion of the tasks specified in the inte ties that the reforms are opening up. I cannot grated management system. "(d) ExcEPTION.-This section does not re HON. JIM MOODY think of a better way at this time to enhance quire a Federal Agency to carry out pro OF WISCONSIN the longstanding friendship between our two grams on Federal lands if there are no such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES countries. programs being implemented on State or Tuesday, March 6, 1990 MOROCCO, A NEW DRAGON AT THE GATES OF private lands. EUROPE 1 "(e) DEFINITIONs.-As used in this section: Mr. MOODY. Mr. Speaker, I recently re CASABLANCA.-Situated less than three "(1) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT.-The term turned from a visit to Morocco, and would like 'Cooperative Agreement' means a written hours by plane from every decision-making to share with my colleagues what I learned center of Europe, Morocco is being touted as agreement between a Federal agency and a about the exciting economic developments State agency entered into pursuant to this the new economic "dragon"-a "dragon" section. that are taking place over there. I would also that is not yet fully appreciated, is less fash "(2) FEDERAL AGENCY.-The term 'Federal like to include a translation of an article from ionable than the countries of Eastern Agency' means a department, agency, or Le Mende, which describes Morocco as a Europe, and, until now, has been more well bureau of the Federal Government respon new economic "dragon," and to bring to the known for its foreign debt, its beaches, its sible for administering or managing Federal attention of American businesses the fact oranges, and its immigrant workers than for lands under its jurisdiction. that, unless they act soon, they may be its economic dynamism. "(3) FEDERAL LANDS.-The term 'Federal beaten out by European investors. Indeed, arriving at Casablanca today is a lands' means lands managed by or under the Since 1983, Morocco has implemented a veritable shock. In the airport, foreign in jurisdiction of the Federal Government. vestors with briefcase in hand-French, Ital "(4) INTERGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. series of important economic reforms in coop ian, German-are virtually shoulder to The term 'integrated management systems' eration with the International Monetary Fund shoulder. Today, its a full delegation of means a system for the planning and imple and the World Bank. The Government de shippers from Nantes; yesterday, an official mentation of a program, using an interdisci valued the currency, the Moroccan dirham, by mission of the French National Council of plinary approach, to select a method for about 25 percent; it has made serious Businessmen ; tomorrow, a group of containing or controlling an undesirable progress toward dismantling protective trade cotton millers • • • All are intoxicated by plant species or group of species using all barriers, significantly reducing tariffs on im Morocco's growth rate and by the advan available methods, including- tages of a country where the salaries are "(A) education, ports and simplifying customs procedures; and it has decontrolled most prices, reducing both eight to ten times lower than those on the " preventive measures; continent herbicide methods; recommendations of these two institutions, negligible. Morocco is a country economical " cultural methods; and Morocco has made great strides toward oper1- ly restablized and restructured, that has "(G) general land management practices ing and liberalizing its economy and has re such as manipulation of livestock or wildlife managed to maintain political and social grazing strategies or improving wildlife or ceived high praise for the results of its eco nomic reform program. livestock habitat. 1 Translation of an article written by Veronique "(5) INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH.-The These results have included a strong eco Maurus for Le Monde, November 4, 1989. term 'interdisciplinary approach' means an nomic growth rate over the period 1986-88, a 2 $1 equal approximately 8 Moroccan Dirhams. March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3607 stability in the face of draconian austerity fer abroad the equivalent of 3 to 4 percent out creating social upheaval, the Govern measures. of our GNP: this is an enormous handicap," ment has completely reversed its policies. A HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY explains Mr. Abouyoub, Director of Foreign The "structural adjustment" program im The luxury hotels are full, the industrial Trade. posed by the IMF led to a 40 percent devalu zones are bursting. "Before it was we who This handicap has been aggravated by ation of the dirham, a freeze on public ex sought foreign partners. Now it is they who Morocco's galloping population growth rate penditures which has brought the budget are coming to us," asserts Fouad Filali, the (2.6 percent per year), which imposes a deficit from 13 down to 4 percent of GNP, young President of ONA, the largest Moroc heavy burden of public expenditures and almost negligible growth in per capita can private enterprise. Some come to pros the reforms proach of the single European market in place after independence. "A courier for a brought unexpectedly positive results in 1993. "A united Europe will require a cheap bank must have at least a baccalaureat plus 1987 and 1988. For the first time since 1974, industrial base. Spain, Portugal and Greece two years of schooling; a policeman a col Morocco succeeded in balancing its output will lose part of their comparative advan lege degree," notes a disillusioned young and needs-so well, in fact, that the current tage. This creates a historic opportunity for Moroccan. account balance registered a surplus of 2.9 Morocco," explains Mr. Akalay, director of Although the industrial sector is showing billion dirhams and the Kingdom was able the Moroccan Savings and Credit Company. progress (including a 35 percent increase in to accumulate some foreign exchange re This belief is echoed throughout the gov new enterprise creation; a 25 percent in serves. ernment administration as well as among crease in investment; 10 percent growth in The results have been encouraging and, banks and industries. From the smallest tex employment, etc.), this progress cannot despite a decline in performance in 1989, tile workshop to the largest conglomerates, compensate for the sluggish agricultural show that the kingdom is on the right path. all are striving towards the same objective: sector. Agriculture still supports more than All observers agree that the momentum for prepare for unified Europe. And to do so, half the population, while it produces only development exists, and the potential is Morocco is opening its borders, enhancing one-sixth of GNP. Agriculture remains vul there as well. Tourism, a source of foreign competition, initiative, subcontracting, and nerable, with a shortage of irrigated land exchange, remains still largely unexploited, more. , as does the nascent fish processing indus "Hong Kong began this way," declares and production varies dramatically from try-a sector which has the potential to con Saad Kettani, a young entrepreneur with all one year to the next according to the vagar tribute $1 billion in foreign exchange earn the charms of a Moroccan Peter O'Toole, ies of the climactic cycles that originate in ings to the country . Until recently concentrated in false illusions. "An atmosphere of confi payments on our debt equivalent to 3 per textiles, leather goods, construction, and dence and recovery reigns, but there is still cent of GNP, we will need an economic agroindustry, this sector has begun a re much work to be done," Mr. Benani Smires, growth rate of at least 6 to 7 percent per structuring, with the goal of breaking into the businessman who heads the Moroccan such key areas as electronics and communi Association of Businessmen, asserts gravely. year simply to sustain current revenues," explains a spokesman from the Ministry of cations. "I remain optimistic that the worst "We have a fragile economy, we are a devel is behind us. The policy of sectoral and geo oping country, and our success is not a fore Finance. "For this we need investment. But with what resources? We cannot allow our graphic diversification that we have under gone conclusion." taken has begun to bear fruit," asserts the In 1989, for example, it took merely the selves to get even further into debt ..." That solution? A call for private capital, Director of the Foreign Exchange Office. coincidence between a significant drop in "We are exporting flowers all the way to phosphate sales , a slightly inferior agri years ago!" cultural harvest, and modest increase in in attracted to real estate speculation than to terest rates, to drive the trade deficit back industry. "The challenge? To liberate pri up and cut the growth rate in half. This was vate initiative," explains Mohammed Sagou, a considerable setback, which demonstrates Cabinet Director for the Minister of Fi MOMENT OF TRUTH IN the extreme fragility of Morocco's economic nance. "We will have to create economic NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR recovery and the significant constraints growth in order to be able to pay our debt." against which Morocco continues to strug COMPELLED LIBERALIZATION HON. GEO. W. CROCKETT, JR. gle. There is a new language. The time is far OF MICHIGAN These constraints can be summed up with away that Morocco, intoxicated as were all three concepts: debt, demography, and food developing countries by the flow of petro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES import dependency. Although foreign in dollars, borrowed itself to the hilt in order Tuesday, March 6, 1990 vestment has flowed in, it does not even to pay for grandiose infrastructure and de begin to make up for the capital lost in debt velopment projects, such as roads, dams, Mr. CROCKETT. Mr. Speaker, the executive service. 3 Remaining prudent with regard to phosphate mines, sugar industries, and committee of the Inter-American Dialogue-a further borrowing <"We now actually refuse cement factories. Since the beginning of the prestigious group of 70 North and South loans," the Foreign Exchange Office in 1980s, the debt crisis has compelled the American leaders cochaired by Ambassador sists>, Morocco currently pays to its credi country-brought to its knees by three tors, good year or bad, between $600 and Sol Linowitz and former Costa Rican Presi- years of drought-to negotiate with the . dent Daniel Oduber-recently issued a timely $700 million more than it receives in new IMF for a rescheduling of its debt. That loans or investments. "Each year, we trans- crisis is still felt sharply. statement on Nicaragua and El Salvador. Since 1983, the Kingdom has turned a The statement was released 2 days before the Nicaraguan election. Yet the validity of the • In 1988, Morocco paid some 14.8 billion dirhams page. Aided, somewhat paradoxically, by the in debt service, of which 8.2 billion were for interest conflict in the Sahara, which helped rein statement's recommendations are unaffected payments: the equivalent of one third of Morocco's force social cohesion and enabled the by the outcome of the election. The Dialogue foreign exchange earnings. regime to impose austerity measures with- recommends that the United States: "promptly 3608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 reestablish normal diplomatic relations with tion of American States; the European Par As the elected government of Nicaragua Nicaragua", henceforth use Contra aid solely liament; and the Council of Freely-Elected prepares plans for the country's reconstruc to support Contra repatriation or resettlement, Heads of Government, chaired by former tion, it should have access to multilateral President Jimmy Carter. By most accounts, economic assistance as recommended by the lift its trade embargo of Nicaragua, and "join the campaign appears to have been reason other governments in considering concrete International Commission for Central ably free and fair, particularly during the American Recovery and Development. The proposals for aiding Nicaragua's economy." I final crucial weeks. Both sides have had government of the United States should hope my collegaues will support these sound considerable opportunity to put their views join other governments in considering con recommendations. before the electorate, although the Sandi crete proposals for aiding Nicaragua's econ The Dialogue reaffirms its view that "El Sal nista party has clearly benefited from its in omy. vador's war can only be ended through nego cumbency and there have been sporadic epi The subsequent evolution of relations be tiations, involving real compromises on all sodes of violence and harassment. Consider tween the government of Nicaragua and sides," and goes on to enumerate five general ing that Nicaragua has suffered years of that of the United States and others in the civil war and is still subject to periodic at Hemisphere should and will to a very large principles that should guide the negotiations. tacks from Contra forces, it is noteworthy This statement is particularly timely and impor extent be determined by the performance of that generally positive electoral conditions Nicaragua's newly elected government. tant, because the outcome of the Nicaraguan have been established. election creates both a danger and an oppor Barring unforeseen, last-minute develop EL SALVADOR tunity for El Salvador. The danger is that the ments, the vote is expected to be orderly El Salvador is still racked by a prolonged United States and Salvadoran Governments and largely free of intimidation. The partici and brutal civil war. What progress has will make the mistake of thinking that the out pation of so many seasoned election observ been made in enlarging the space for politi come makes a quick victory over the Salva ers should help to assure a fair election and cal competition was set back in recent confer broad legitimacy on the government months by renewed polarization and intensi doran guerrillas possible. The opportunity is selected. · that those Governments will realize that the fied violence. Last November's offensive by Whoever wins the vote will face monu the FMLN guerrillas and the bloodshed outcome makes a negotiated settlement for mental challenges. Nicaragua's economy is that ensued, including the murder by mili reachable. If the former view prevails, El Sal in shambles: real per capita income is no tary officers of six Jesuit priests who had vador will be condemned to many more years higher than it was in the 1950s; open unem championed reconciliation, starkly under of war. It is helpful to be reminded that negoti ployment is at 20 per cent; agricultural pro lined the country's agony. The war has ations are the only way out for El Salvador. duction has dropped; and Nicaraguans are become even more violent; the country's emigrating in large numbers. Nicaragua has I include the statement of the Inter-Ameri economy continues to decline; social reforms made progress in slowing inflation, but are stymied; and gross violations of human can Dialogue's executive committee at this prices are still rising at more than 20 per point for the information of my colleagues: rights continue to be perpetrated by the cent a month. It is estimated that some right-wing death squads. MOMENT OF TRUTH IN NICARAGUA AND EL twenty years of sustained growth will be The fact is that neither the army nor the SALVADOR needed to restore real per capita income to guerrillas can hope to achieve a military vic After more than a decade of armed con the level it reached before the 1979 revolu tory; nor can the guerrillas expect that a flict, the prospects for resolving Central tion. That kind of steady growth will re mass insurrection will catapult them into America's wars may be more promising quire both internal cooperation and interna power. Most Salvadorans yearn for peace today than at any time in years. In Nicara tional support. Within Nicaragua, it will be crucial that and will not join the armed struggle on gua, next Sunday's elections could at long either side. It has also become clear that the last lay the groundwork for national recon the elected government accept its mandate with magnanimity, and that the losers re government cannot control the armed ciliation and reconstruction. In El Salvador, forces, and that as long as the war persists a military stalemate that denies victory to spect the verdict of the majority and desist from after-the-fact attempts to discredit the the authority of civilian leaders will remain either side may now open the way for nego weak. tiations· and a compromise political settle electoral process. The willingness of the new government and the opposition to work to El Salvador's war can only be ended ment. But these opportunities may be fleet through negotiations, involving real com ing. If the moment is not seized, Central gether would send a powerful signal, within Nicaragua and abroad, that a new and hope promises on all sides. El Salvador has two America could be condemned to a renewed paths-many more years of conflict or· a ne • cycle of violence for years to come. ful chapter in the country's history is about to begin. gotiated peace that satisfies neither side NICARAGUA It is likewise imperative that the interna fully, but that each can accept as preferable In less than 48 hours, the people of Nica tional community abide by the judgment of to war without end. ragua will go to the polls for the most im the Nicaraguan people. Assuming that Nica Meaningful negotiations have been impos portant vote in their country's history. ragua completes a broadly acceptable elec sible thus far because each side has, in Repeated elections during the long toral process, we would urge the United effect, demanded the other's surrender. In Somoza family dynasty were a sham, giving States and other governments to recognize recent months, however, both the guerrillas Nicaraguans no real say in choosing their and reinforce this welcome achievement by and the government have made potentially leadership or in the substance of policy. The according respect to the elected govern significant shifts in their negotiating posi 1984 vote organized by the Sandinista gov ment. tions. The FMLN has dropped its demands ernment also failed to provide Nicaraguans Specifically, we urge four concrete steps for an immediate share of power, for the with a real choice, for the leading opposi following a free and fair election: merging of the army with its guerrilla force, tion candidate withdrew from the race, The United States Government should and for a new constitution. The FMLN now charging that conditions for the vote were promptly reestablish normal diplomatic re says that it is prepared to compete in elec unfair. lations with Nicaragua by accrediting a new tions. For its part, the government of El Sal Sunday's balloting does present Nicara ambassador to Managua. vador has expressed, for the first time, a guans with a clear decision-between a new The U.S. Administration and Congress willingness to consider mediation by outside mandate for President Daniel Ortega and should, in accord with the Central American parties. Many supporters of the Cristiani the Sandinista party on the one hand or the Peace Accords, make resources 2vailable to government seem increasingly convinced election of an opposition movement led by the Contras solely for the purpose of facili that a political settlement represents the Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, widow of the tating their repatriation or resettlement. A only chance to salvage the country's econo Nicaraguan publisher who once personified concrete plan for repatriation and resettle my. opposition to the Somoza dictatorship on ment should be speedily formulated, and all The will to seek a political solution within the other. U.S. and other international aid to the Con El Salvador must be reinforced by strong Nicaraguans from across the political tras should henceforth be channeled supportive efforts of the United States and spectrum have actively participated in the through the International Support and Ver other countries. The legacies of bitterness campaign. Almost 90 percent of the eligible ification Commission, as the Central Ameri and mistrust will not be easily overcome, voters have registered, and a high tum-out can Presidents agreed last December. and there are many who will actively resist is expected on February 25. Many voters The United States should lift its trade em the compromises needed for successful ne will be casting a ballot for only the first or bargo and establish normal commercial rela gotiations. second time in their lives. tions with Nicaragua-providing Nicaragua The United States cannot orchestrate a Preparations for the vote have been close adheres to the agreement among Central settlement in El Salvador. What the United ly monitored by several international mis America's presidents not to provide military States can do, is, first, to declare its commit sions, including those of the United Nations, or logistical support for insurgent move ment to a negotiated solution and reformu headed by Elliot Richardson; the Organiza- ments. late its aid to El Salvador in ways that will March 6, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3609 convey that commitment to all parties. Such James J. Renier, chairman and chief execu Children are seven times more likely to be reformulation should be accompanied by a tive officer of Honeywell, Inc. poor than those over the age of 65. U.S. pledge to assist the government should Dr. Renier testified before the Sucommittee Both Black and Hispanic children are nearly the guerrillas resume their attacks. The United States should also work to mobilize on Human Resources on March 2, 1989, in three times as likely as white children to live other outside actors-Latin American and support of the reauthorization of the Head in proverty. European governments, international orga Start Program. His testimony addresses, from Over half of all Black children and one nizations, and the Catholic Church-to a business perspective, the critical importance third of Hispanic children live with a become engaged in the diplomatic process. of Head Start not only for the children and mother who has never married. And the dropout rate for children of single parents is The content of a peace settlement in El families being served, but for our Nation as a Salvador cannot be specified in detail at the twice as high as for those in households outset of the negotiations. What is needed is whole. Dr. Renier's perspective on the impor with two parents. for both sides to come to the table and stay tance of ensuring the quality of services being Fewer than 50 percent of teenage mothers there; the bases for an agreement can provided is particularly informative. I commend graduate from High School. At the same emerge only in the course of the negotia Dr. Ranier's testimony to my colleagues' at time, fifty percent of all welfare expendi tions themselves, perhaps with the help of a tention. tures go to families in which the mother third-party mediator. began her parenting as a teenager. Both sides should consider at the outset TESTIMONY OF JAMES J. RENIER, CHAIRMAN AND These statistics reveal a horrible waste of endorsing five general principles to guide CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, HONEYWELL, INC. human potential that if left unchecked will and facilitate their negotiations. Mr. Chairman: I am pleased to have the op undermine our nation's economy and rend 1. The FMLN must renounce sabotage and portunity today to comment on the reauthor our society. If we are to remain competitive assassination and pledge not to attempt to ization of Head Start. Because 1990 is Head and continue to enjoy a reasonable standard seize power by force or subterfuge. For its Start's silver anniversary, I can think of no of living, we must tap the talents of all our part, the government of El Salvador must better time to assess what the program has people. exert every effort to disband the death accomplished in its first 25 years and explore The members of this committee must face squads and bring an end to violations of the issue as representatives of every seg human rights. how it can be strengthened and improved to ment of their constituencies, seeking an 2. The FMLN must indicate its willingness meet the changing needs of a growing popu swers that benefit all Americans. And I to disarm and compete for power peacefully lation of poor children. hope I am able to see this subject, not just in the political arena as soon as the ground I will be commenting on this issue both as as a businessman, but with a broader social rules of electoral competition are agreed. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Hon perspective. But I believe I can contribute The government must make it clear that it eywell, Inc., and as a trustee of the Commit best in the area I know best, the business will and can guarantee the personal security frame of reference. of former guerrilla fighters who agree to tee for Economic Development (CED) and chairman of its Subcommittee on Education My company, Honeywell, is an interna take part in peaceful political activity. tional control company. We design, manu 3. The armed forces of El Salvador must and Child Development. My remarks will also facture and market products, systems and be reduced in size and effectively subordi stem from my special vantage point as chair services for homes and buildings, business nated to civil authority. Officers responsible man of a unique community-wide project in and industry, space and aviation. We closed for gross and systematic violations of Minneapolis, called "Success by 6'', which is 1989 with worldwide sales of $6.059 billion human rights must be removed from com mand positions. focusing public and private sector resources for continuing operations and 65,300 em 4. A negotiated settlement must include on improving the early development and ployees. Like every company in America, we school readiness of our city's youngest chil have to perform well in an increasingly com provisions to reform the judicial and elec petitive global economy driven by rapid toral systems so as to win broad public ac dren. technological advances. ceptance. CED is a national organization of 250 busi 5. The parties must agree to proceed in a Performance depends on our ability to ness leaders and university presidents who find, hire and retain new workers who are staged manner with progress measured in are deeply concerned with the long-term small steps. As this step-by-step progress not only verbally and mathematically liter takes place, careful and independent moni strength and stability of the U.S. economy. ate-with analytical ability and disciplined toring by an international observer group Over eight years ago, CED identified educa work habits-but who are also able to learn, may be necessary. Both sides should specify tion as a key-if not the key-investment and learn quickly enough to keep up with early in the negotiations their willingness to strategy for improving the nation's productivity technology. For this reason, my company agrees with the Committee for Economic cooperate with such a group, and plans to and competitiveness. We produced two re organize it should then begin at once. Development that the educational shortfall ports, Investing in Our Children and Children in the work force is more than a seriours Each step along a path to peace in El Sal in Need, which together outlined a compre vador will be difficult, and there will surely problem-it is an imminent business crisis. be setbacks along the way. Yet a beginning hensive and coordinated strategy for improv Consider a simple business fact of life. must be made if El Salvador is to emerge ing the way our nation's children are prepared The Department of Labor tells us that the from its long nightmare. In a new decade, to succeed in school and in life. median education required in industry with regional conflicts being settled in many I would like to submit copies of these two today is 12.8 years of schooling. Thus, on corners of the world and with civil war in reports into the RECORD. the average, not even a complete high Nicaragua so close to resolution, the time school education is quite up to the job. The trustees of CED believe that developing Moreover, 10 years from now, the median has come for all parties to strive for peace more productive human resources is the in El Salvador. requirement will have risen to 13.5 years. single most important long-range issue our Question: How can we expect to maintain nation must grapple with in order to regain a strong and competitive industrial system TESTIMONY OF DR. JAMES J. and sustain its national competitiveness. All when the figures for educational require RENIER, CHAIRMAN AND the technology and natural resources at our ments are going up and the figures for at CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF disposal will count for little without the human tainment are going down? intelligence and imagination to put them to About 25 percent of American kids drop HONEYWELL CORPORATION, out of high school before graduating-and IN SUPPORT OF HEAD START work. in some urban areas, as many as 50 percent. But when we look at the new generation We're losing a million graduates a year. And HON. DALEE. KILDEE growing up, we're worried. Up to half of the another 700,000 who do graduate, are func OF MICHIGAN children now coming through the public edu tionally illiterate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cation system will not develop the learning The consequences of deteriorating educa skills essential to contribute to our economic tion are tangible and visible. Gary Becker, Tuesday, March 6, 1990 system and participate in its benefits. Professor of Economics and Sociology at the Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, as chairman of Much of this failure occurs among the na University of Chicago, has pointed out that "real wages of young high school graduates the Subcommittee on Human Resources, I tion's poorest children. The facts are distress have declined more than 10 percent since have had the opportunity to hear testimony ing: 1975, and wages of dropouts have plummet from many exceptional individuals. Occasion One of every five children under the age of ed even more, indicating that not only drop ally, however, a particular witness stands out 18 and one in every four children under the outs but also many graduates are ill-pre for special attention. Such is the case with Dr. age of six lives in poverty. pared for work in modern economies." 3610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 6, 1990 In a recent issue, Business Week magazine issue we have to look years ahead, because Study derived from the intensity, compre wrote: "Without an educated citizenry that's when the benefits of education will hensiveness, and highly trained staff they American business is in deep trouble. It is in pay off. provided. trouble because it will have difficulty find CED's work clearly demonstrates what we Unfortunately, not every Head Start pro ing creative and entrepreneurial employees. must do to ensure that the next generation gram currently lives up to these high stand It will have no customers. Without an edu will be better prepared-not only for the ards. Head Start has not always had the re cated workforce, business cannot compete." workforce but as citizens, voters and par sources necessary to assure quality, explain In Japan, the drop out rate is six percent ents. ing why program graduates do not fare as and literacy is virtually universal. We First, we must intervene as early as possi well over the long term as they otherwise cannot long compete against Japan-and ble in the lives of disadvantaged children in might. It is imperative, therefore, that as the other highly-educated Asians and Euro order to prevent failure before it happens. you rewrite the authorizing legislation on peans-if our workforce is not prepared to Intervention is the key to ensuring that Head Start, you earmark funds and desig compete. every child is born healthy and receives ade nate strategies that will strengthen and im A couple of years ago, a mid-sized manu quate physical, emotional and intellectual prove the quality of the overall Head Start facturing company in Florida estimated nurturing in his early years so that he will program. they could save $6000 per year per employ arrive at school eager and able to learn. What should these improvements entail? ee, if all their employees were masters of Then we must sustain that intervention to Children in Need argues that in addition to basic reading and math skills. Our ability to keep early successes from being overtaken a head start on their education, disadvan compete would soar if every American by the proverty, crime and chaos in their taged children and their parents are desper worker could improve his or her productivi lives. ately in need of a whole range of ancillary ty by $6000. Finally, we must restructure our public supports, such as general and mental health America spent over 300 years building a education system so that it delivers quality and social services; full-day child care for great educational system. By the time this education for all children and not just for working parents or parents still in school; century opened, we had the best educated the privileged few. opportunities for continued education and workers in the world. They have been able CED's research shows Head Start has training for parents not yet in the work to take new technologies and out-produce been, and can continue to be, one of the force; and parenting education for these the rest of the world-even when the tech most important weapons in this war against parents-many of whom are often children nologies were developed by others. But soon proverty and ignorance. Our goal is the full themselves, dependent, and alone. other countries may out-produce us because funding necessary to provide Head Start The beauty of the Head Start program is today they are out-educating us. pre-kindergarten education for all eligible that when it is operating at its best it draws American school kids at the age of 10 were 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds. on community resources to provide this in shown in recent international research to High quality preschool programs have tensive and comprehensive array of health rank seventh out of 15 countries in scientific been shown to save society burdensome and human services, meeting the needs of knowledge. By the age of 15, they ranked future costs of a wide variety of social pro both the child and its family. 15th. grams. Every $1 invested in such preschool Nevertheless, a combination of lack of America had the lowest number of biology programs can save up to $6 by reducing the adequate resources, legislative and regula students of the .countries surveyed-and our costs associated with remedial education, tory constraints, and poor integration with top students had the lowest achievement welfare, crime, emergency health care, and preschool programs at the state and local level. teen pregnancy. level have often combined to prevent Head In chemistry only one other country By way of contrast, each year we delay Start from living up to its initial promise. scored as low as the U.S. And in physics, the breaking the cycle of failure, society must Evidence suggests that the target popula top percentile of American students ranked spend $16.6 billion on the children of teen tion for Head Start is becoming more en 10th among the nations studied. agers who cannot support their families. trenched in poverty and that the cycle of In mathematics, American 13-year-olds Every class of dropouts-700,000 every poverty for this group is becoming harder to came in last. And according to one report, year-costs society $240 billion during their break. The poverty rate for children has in they were far more content with their per lifetimes in the form of wages not earned creased by 31 percent in the last eight years, formance than those who ranked first, and taxes not paid. Every year that a child and young families in poverty are more South Korean students. must repeat a grade costs $4,000, and by the tightly entwined in their circumstances. To business people, these figures are ninth grade, approximately 50 percent of Poverty among children in young families alarming, and they should concern all the students have flunked at least one those headed by someone under 30-was 35 Americans, because the industrial process grade. percent in 1987-a 72 percent rise since using our heads to turn raw materials into We are pleased to see that the principle of 1973. There is also an alarming growth in real wealth-provides our high standard of early intervention to promote school readi the number of physically, emotionally, and living.