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A Confucian Theory of Crime Nicholas Lassi University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2018 A Confucian Theory Of Crime Nicholas Lassi Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Lassi, Nicholas, "A Confucian Theory Of Crime" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2263. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2263 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CONFUCIAN THEORY OF CRIME By Nicholas Mathew Lassi Bachelor of Arts, St. Cloud State University, 2006 Master of Science, St. Cloud State University, 2007 Master of Science, St. Cloud State University, 2009 Master of Law in Political Science, Tsinghua University, 2013 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Grand Forks, North Dakota May 2018 This dissertation, submitted by Nicholas Lassi in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. _______________________________________ Martin Gottschalk, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Bruce DiCristina, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Roni Mayzer, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Daniel Bell, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Lucian Stone, Ph.D. This dissertation is being submitted by the appointed advisory committee as having met all of the requirements of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved. _______________________________ Dr. Grant McGimpsey Dean of the School of Graduate Studies ________________________________ Date ii PERMISSION Title A Confucian Theory of Crime Department Criminal Justice Degree Doctor of Philosophy In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my dissertation work or, in his absence, by the Chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this dissertation or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my dissertation. Nicholas Lassi Date 03/05/2018 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1) INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 A Rich Tradition of Confucian and Pre-Qin Focused Theory Building and Comparative Studies ........................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2) A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE CONFUCIAN PHILOSOPHERS AND PRE-QIN THOUGHT .............................................................. 39 Confucius ...................................................................................................................... 68 Confucian Interlinear Commentary ............................................................................... 73 Mencius ......................................................................................................................... 77 Xunzi ............................................................................................................................. 85 CHAPTER 3) THE CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY OF THE PRE-QIN CONFUCIAN PHILOSOPHERS AND PRE-QIN THINKERS .............................................................. 92 Family Cohesion ........................................................................................................... 95 Education ..................................................................................................................... 110 Ritual ........................................................................................................................... 126 Punishment .................................................................................................................. 135 CHAPTER 4) A CONFUCIAN THEORY OF CRIME: COMPARISONS AND THEORY BUILDING WITH WESTERN CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY................ 158 iv Family Cohesion ......................................................................................................... 158 The Family, Parenting, and Self-Control................................................................. 158 Family Structure as a Determinant of Parenting Practices and Future Delinquency. .............................................................................................................................. 172 Hierarchal Chaos and Father Absenteeism. ......................................................... 190 Pregnancy, Motherhood, Education, Birth Defects, and Deviance ......................... 211 Family Love, Universal Love, and Crime Prevention ............................................. 222 Kin Selection. ....................................................................................................... 228 Parenting and Shame ............................................................................................... 238 Family Disruption and Critical Explanations .......................................................... 246 The Effects of Inequality and Corruption on the Parents. ................................... 246 The Effects of Inequality and Corruption on the Children. ................................. 255 Education ..................................................................................................................... 267 Education, Self-Cultivation, and Deviance ............................................................. 267 Education versus Materialism. ............................................................................. 273 Rehabilitation........................................................................................................... 285 Unidirectional Learning ........................................................................................... 303 Intimate and Environmental Learning ..................................................................... 319 Education, Narcissism, and Deviance ..................................................................... 331 Learning, Education, and Restorative Justice .......................................................... 336 Ritual ........................................................................................................................... 353 Ritual, Music, the Arts, and Social Bonding ........................................................... 353 Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, and Belief. .......................................... 354 v Hirschi’s First Social Bonding Mechanism: Attachment. ................................ 354 Hirschi’s Second Social Bonding Mechanism: Commitment. ......................... 402 Hirschi’s Third Social Bonding Mechanism: Involvement. ............................. 405 Hirschi’s Fourth Social Bonding Mechanism: Belief. ..................................... 407 Ritual as Etiquette .................................................................................................... 412 CHAPTER 5) A CONFUCIAN THEORY OF CRIME: THE THEORY AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS ..................................................................................... 432 Family Cohesion ......................................................................................................... 435 Education ..................................................................................................................... 445 Ritual ........................................................................................................................... 457 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 474 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Confucius (551-479 B.C.E). .............................................................................. 68 Figure 2. Notable Confucian commentator Zhu Xi (1130-1200 C.E.) ............................. 74 Figure 3. Mencius (372-289 B.C.E.)................................................................................. 77 Figure 4. Portrait of Xunzi (300-230 B.C.E.). .................................................................. 86 Figure 5. Portrait of Han Fei (280-233 B.C.E.). ............................................................. 152 Figure 6. Laozi ...............................................................................................................
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