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Status of Small and Medium Sized Reactor Designs STATUS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED REACTOR DESIGNS A Supplement to the IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) http://aris.iaea.org @ September 2012 STATUS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED REACTOR DESIGNS A Supplement to the IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) http://aris.iaea.org FOREWORD There is renewed interest in Member States grids and lower rates of increase in demand. in the development and application of small They are designed with modular technology, and medium sized reactors (SMRs) having an pursuing economies of series production, factory equivalent electric power of less than 700 MW(e) fabrication and short construction times. The or even less than 300 MW(e). At present, most projected timelines of readiness for deployment new nuclear power plants under construction of SMR designs generally range from the present or in operation are large, evolutionary designs to 2025–2030. with power levels of up to 1700 MW(e), The objective of this booklet is to provide building on proven systems while incorporating Member States, including those considering technological advances. The considerable initiating a nuclear power programme and those development work on small to medium sized already having practical experience in nuclear designs generally aims to provide increased power, with a brief introduction to the IAEA benefits in the areas of safety and security, non- Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) proliferation, waste management, and resource by presenting a balanced and objective overview utilization and economy, as well as to offer a of the status of SMR designs. variety of energy products and flexibility in This report is intended as a supplementary design, siting and fuel cycle options. Specifically, booklet to ARIS, which can be accessed at SMRs address deployment needs for smaller http://aris.iaea.org. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 LIGHT WATER REACTORS CAREM (CNEA, Argentina) .................................................................................................... 4 ௑ FBNR (FURGS, Brazil) ............................................................................................................ 6 ௑ CNP-300 (CNNC, China) ......................................................................................................... 8 ௑ Flexblue (DCNS, France).......................................................................................................... 10 ௑ IMR (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan) ............................................................................... 12 ௑ SMART (KAERI, Republic of Korea) ...................................................................................... 14 ௑ ABV-6M (OKBM Afrikantov, Russian Federation) ................................................................. 16 ௑ SHELF (NIKIET, Russian Federation) ..................................................................................... 18 ௑ RITM-200 (OKBM Afrikantov, Russian Federation) ............................................................... 20 ௑ VK-300 (RDIPE, Russian Federation) ...................................................................................... 22 ௑ VBER-300 (OKBM Afrikantov, Russian Federation) .............................................................. 24 ௑ WWER-300 (OKBM Gidropress, Russian Federation) ............................................................ 26 ௑ KLT-40S (OKBM Afrikantov, Russian Federation) .................................................................. 28 ௑ UNITHERM (RDIPE, Russian Federation) ............................................................................. 30 ௑ IRIS (IRIS, International Consortium) ...................................................................................... 32 ௑ mPower (Babcock & Wilcox, USA) ......................................................................................... 34 ௑ NuScale (NuScale Power Inc., USA) ........................................................................................ 36 ௑ Westinghouse SMR (Westinghouse, USA) ............................................................................... 38 ௑ HEAVY WATER REACTORS EC6 (AECL, Canada)................................................................................................................ 42 ௑ PHWR-220 (NPCIL, India) ...................................................................................................... 44 ௑ AHWR300-LEU (BARC, India) ............................................................................................... 46 ௑ GAS COOLED REACTORS HTR-PM (Tsinghua University, China) .................................................................................... 50 ௑ PBMR (PBMR Pty, South Africa) ............................................................................................ 52 ௑ GT-MHR (General Atomics, USA) ........................................................................................... 54 ௑ EM2 (General Atomics, USA) ................................................................................................... 56 ௑ LIQUID METAL COOLED REACTORS CEFR (CNEIC, China).............................................................................................................. 60 ௑ 4S (Toshiba, Japan) ................................................................................................................... 62 ௑ PFBR-500 (IGCAR, India) ....................................................................................................... 64 ௑ BREST-OD-300 (RDIPE, Russian Federation) ........................................................................ 66 ௑ SVBR-100 (AKME Engineering, Russian Federation) ............................................................ 68 ௑ PRISM (GE-Hitachi, USA) ....................................................................................................... 70 ௑ G4M (Gen4 Energy Inc., USA) ................................................................................................ 72 ௑ APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................................... 75 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 79 INTRODUCTION The ongoing interest in the development and design stage. The RITM-200, an integral reactor deployment of reactors classified as small or with forced circulation for universal nuclear medium sized is reflected in the number of small icebreakers, is designed to provide 8.6 MW(e). and medium sized reactors (SMRs) that operate The VK-300 is a 250 MW(e) simplified boiling or are under development and the numerous water reactor (BWR) that operates with natural innovative concepts being investigated for circulation and employs passive residual heat electricity generation and for non-electrical removal systems (RHRSs). The VBER-300 is a applications. According to the classification 325 MW(e) pressurized water reactor (PWR) adopted by the IAEA, small reactors are reactors conceptual design that can serve as a power with an equivalent electric power of less than source for floating nuclear power plants. In 300 MW(e) and medium sized reactors are addition, the Russian Federation is building two reactors with an equivalent electric power of units of the KLT-40S series, to be mounted on a between 300 and 700 MW(e). Worldwide, barge and used for cogeneration of process heat 131 SMR units are in operation in 26 Member and electricity. The N.A. Dollezhal Research and States, with a capacity of 59 GWe. At present, Development Institute of Power Engineering 14 SMRs are under construction in 6 countries: (NIKIET) is designing the UNITHERM PWR, Argentina, China, India, Pakistan, the Russian based on design experience in marine nuclear Federation and Slovakia. Research is being installations, and the SHELF PWR, a 6 MW(e) carried out on approximately 45 innovative underwater, remotely operated power source. SMR concepts for electricity generation and In the USA, three integral pressurized water process heat production, desalination, hydrogen SMRs are under development: Babcock & generation and other applications. SMRs are Wilcox’s mPower, NuScale and the Westinghouse under development for all principal reactor lines: SMR. The mPower design consists of two light water reactors (LWRs), heavy water reactors 180 MW(e) modules and its design certification (HWRs), gas cooled reactors (GCRs) and liquid application is expected to be submitted to the metal cooled reactors (LMCRs). US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Small and medium sized LWRs are under in the fourth quarter of 2013. NuScale Power development in Argentina, Brazil, France, envisages a nuclear power plant made up of Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian twelve 45 MW(e) modules and plans to apply Federation and the United States of America. In for design certification to the NRC in 2013. The Argentina, the Central Argentina de Elementos Westinghouse SMR is a conceptual design with Modulares (CAREM) reactor, a small, integral an electrical output of 225 MW(e), incorporating type pressurized LWR design, with all primary passive safety systems and proven components components located inside the reactor vessel of the AP1000. All three designs have submitted and an electrical output of 150–300 MW(e), is
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