ViDEA'N' VIDEOLOGY: NAM JUNE PAIK (L959-L973) (1 EDITED BY JUDSON ROSEBUSH 1959, "An excerpt From a letter to John Cage ." Printed in John Cage, A_ Year from Monk, page 90, Wesleyan Press, 1969. ~ PHOTOS BY PETER MOORE ~ DESIGN BY DAVID HICOCK ~ ADDITIONAL PHOTOS BY ROBERT A, LORENZ (PP, 56 AND 76), JUTTA MATHEUS (P, 13) AND CONRAD WHITE MUSEUM OF ART, SYRACUSE, NEW YORK (P, 60) ~ PUBLISHED BY THE EVERSON My new composition is now 1 minutes . (For Prof. Fortner) . The Title will be IN CONJUNCTION WITH DCHIBITIONS AT THE EVERSON MUSEUM OF ART AND THE either "Rondo Allegro", or "Allegro Moderato", or only "Allegretto" . Which is more beautiful? I use GALERIA BONING, LTD ., NEW YORK, NEW YORK, JANUARY L974 ~ COPYRIGHT 1974 screens . Strip tease. boxer, hen (alive) . 6 years girl. light-piano . EVERSON MUSEUM OF ART ~ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUE CARD NUMBER here: Colour Projector . Film 23 . 73-94426 (1 PRINTED BY BRAD LITHO, INC,, SYRACUSE, NEW YORK ~ S 7 6 5 4 3 2 motorcycle and of course sounds, one TV. I I "whole art" in the meaning of Mr. R. Wagner

1961/62, Published at Kalendar'63, DnsseLdorf,

Play in San Francisco the left-hand part of the Fugue No.l (C.Major) . 1962, Published at Kalendar'62, DGSSeLdorF of the "Wohltemperiertes 1" (J .S. Bach)

FORWARD mete-creative, and in some of its aesthetic input/output . effects, similar to events or happen- Paik's aesthetic position is based interaction and In Nam June Paik's pioneering ings aimed at audience on broad culturaLexperiences, Gala Music(Nichi Nichi Kore Konichi) Play in Shanghai vision of a global art based on tele- participation . "Video-videology" part, his thought and work show the (=everyday is a nice day) training in the right hand-part of the Fugue No.1 (C.Major) vision technology is becoming a clarifies the relationships of sci- effect of Buddhism, his for John Cage's 50th Birthday (1962) reality, Following his decade-old entific discoveries basic to tele- classical and electronic music, his by Nam June Paik of the "Wohltemperiertes)" J.S:Bach) Lead, increasing numbers of artists vision (such as frequency modula- involvement in the Fluxus move- on several continents are experi- tion of carrier signals and color ment, his penetrating interest in Commencing exactly at 12 noon 3~d of March and Cage and Norbert menting with the medium . Video encoding) creative serendipity the work of John On Monday sleep with Elisabeth Taylor . (Greenwich mean time) at Metronome tempos=80 art is also becoming a crucial is- roots in Zen Buddhism and in con- Wiener, among others, and his in- On Tuesday sleep with Hrigitte eardot . temporary Western philosophy and cessant experimentation with cyber- sue for museums, E .T .V . stations On Wednesday sleep with Sophia Loren . - it can be broadcasted at the and other institutions, such as science . Paik also researches and ated systems and television . On Thursday sleep with Gina Lolabrigida . foundations and universities and is invents his own cybernetic tools . This volume is the first to docu- On Friday sleep with Pascal Petlt . same time from both sides beginning to reach significant audi- The most ambitious are the Robot ment Nam June Paik's important On Saturday sleep with Marilyn Monroe of so called "pacific" ocean.- ences in various parts of the world, K-456, the video synthesizer which thoughts, Letters, essays and inter- --if possible . Paik continues to make new and he developed w ith Shuya Abe in views as well as his most signifi- On Sunday sleep alone (SILENCE) . increasingly important contribu- 1969 and the T,V, cello for cant inventions and works of art . On Monday sleep with Queen Elisabeth II tions to these developments through Charlotte Moorman in 1971 . As It is designed to provide the reader and see, what is the difference . his writings, exhibits, and T .V . art, his video creations are not with a real insight into the process- On Tuesday sleep with Princess Margaret performances . only profoundly moving and origi- es and ideas which are essential to and see, what is the difference . As an artist, Paik's work en- nal ; they are the structural ele- his remarkable contribution to the On Wednesday sleep with Princess Soroya compasses a wide range of video ments basic to his formulation of video field . This volume also and make a child . expressions and visionary theorat- an aesthetically motivated video forcefully communicates Paik's On Thursday sleep with a bleeding icaL speculations . Ha creates aes- methodology, which Paik terms profound concern that cybernetic street girl . thetically complex video tapes and "video-videology," and far which media be used constructively to etc .-- performance events which are char- he provides a theoretical founda- establish a global culture hu manely repeat (ad lib) acterized by a profoundly imagina- tion in his writings . "Videa- in tune with man's innate creative tive use of the medium as well as videology" is essentially an onto- spirit . How about Nina Choursichov? by an indeterminism which has logical discipline, ono which is James Harithas 000000 " r7 to m N.. JUNEPAIK

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7sition o music

ectronic television 11.-20. M9rz 1963 Na h M Kindergarten der, .Alten" Howto be satisfied with 70% 1963 . Distorted TV set, Galer[e F Erinnerung an das Feticism of idea 20. lahrhundert Parnass, Wuppertal, Germany.

objets sonores sonolized room LM M Instruments for Zen-exercise Prepared W. C. Bagatelles quesais-je7 If d) etc. a - a Do it your . . . HOMMAGEaRudoItAugstein Synchronisation als ein I CU CU Frei 9e9eben ab 16 lahre Prinzip akausaler Verbindungen Is the TIME without contents A study of German Idiotology possible? etc. n 3 Artistic Collaborators . . .Thomas Schmitt Frank Trowbridge Technic...... Gunther Schmitz M.Zenzen

1'Lususcc f Oc ThRc£

1963 . "The following essay was written immediately after my exhibit of elec- tronic television at Galerie Parness, Wuppertal, Germany in March 1963 . It was printed in the June L964 issue of the FLUXUS Newspaper, New York ." Text overleaf . 0000000 0000000

LATE CITY EDITION GARDENS 24:6 MUSIC . .1112 Section "All the News FINANCIAL NOME 25 RADIO-TN VSO v MOaL1Y aunnY~tMeYl 'Stiz tonlHht " OFFERINGS TU BUYER3 That's Fit to Print" Party aoaay -w] t-ow. ROBERT WATTS: PAGE 2 r.m,. R. "a. : 65-10 : >v " m e~--6e . PAGE 4 Tz. %a. La~ : ~p7Luaus a fi~e'dCh'Re~l - NEWSPAPER EVENT

JUNE, 1964 . EDITED BY FLUXUS EDITORIAL COUNCIL, ©COPYRIGHT 1964 BY : FLUXUS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25e SINGLE COPY

afterlude to the EXPOSITION o f EXPERIMENTAL TELEVISION 1963, March. Galerie Parnass. nam June PAIK .

(1) optical and semantical event,in Nineteen- I AM ALWAYS, WHAT I AM NOT and sixties. The beauty of distorted Kennedy is I AM ALWAYS NOT, WHAT I AM . My experimental TV is different from the beauty of football hero, or not always pretty but always stupid female announcer. This uncessant EX-TASIS (to go out of oneself) not always interesting b) Second dimension of variability. is the "NORMAL" character in the normal situation 13 setssu ¬Terea3Ssortsof variation in their of our consciousness. The word "Ecstasy" (ex=tasis) but VIDEO-HORIZONTAL-VERTICAL units. I am is used here, almost as an antonym to the first case proud to be able to say that all sets 13 actually (xx) . In xx) our consciousness is UNIFIED with it- not always uninteresting changed their inner circuits . Two sets No had self . It has synthesized the dualism of our conscious- the same kind of technical operation. Not one is ness. But in zz), this dualism, or the dialectic evo- the simple blur, which occurs, when you turn lution of our esprit is kept precious as the like nature, which is beautiful, proof of the vertical and horizontal control-button at home . our freedom, .. . I enjoyed very much the study of electronics, not because it changes beautiful l y , which I began in 1961, and some life-danger, I met while working with 15 Kilo-Volts. I had the but simply because it changes . luck to meet nice collaborators : HIDEO UCHIDA The aa) (to stop at the consummated or steril zero=point to (president of UCHIDA Radio Research institute), grasp the eternity ....) and the xx), (the ecstasy, in the The core of the beauty of nature is, that, the limitless a genial avantgarde electronican, who discovered sense of" mental transport or rapture from the contempla- QUANTITY of nature disarmed the category of QUALITY, the principle of Transistor 2 years earlier than tion of divine things" ) is the same thing. which is used unconsciously mixed and confused with the Americans, and SHUYA ABE, allmighty poli- But the bb) (the perception of parallel flows of many inde- double meanings . technican, who knows that the science is more a pendent movements simultaneously) and the zz) ( the 1) character beauty than the logic. UCHIDA is now trying to ecstasy in the sense of Sartre  , that is, the perpetual 2) val ue. prove the telepathy and prophesy electromagne- proceeding of our consciousness in the normal state  ,) In my experimental TV, the words "QUALITY" tically. seems to be completely different. But there are important means only the CHARACTER, but not the VALUE. c) As the third dimension of variability, the waves common things between these two ( bb) and zz)) . from various generators, tape-recorders and Both bb) and zz) don't know the terminal station, conclu- A is different from B, radios are fed to various points to give different sion, stopped absolute moment, consummation, ascension. but not that rhythms to each other. This rather old-typed In other words, they are relative, relative, suspending, A is better than B. beauty, which is not essentially combined with plain and common, movable, variable, hanging in mid-air High Frequency Technique, was easier to under- Sometimes I need red apple stand the to normal audience, maybe because it NOT VERY SATISFIED, Sometimes I need red lips . had some humanistic aspects. BUT NOT VERY UNSATISFIED...... d) There are as many sorts of TV circuits, as like my experimental TV, which is French cheese-sorts . F.I . some old models of NOT ALWAYS INTERESTING, 1952 do certain kind of variation, which new BUT NOT ALWAYS UNINTERESTING...... models with automatic frequency control cannot 2 My experimental TV is the first ART ( ? ), in which do . the "perfect crime" is possible ...... I had put just a diode into opposite direction, and got a "waving" e) Many mystics are interested to spring out from Now let me talk about Zen, although I avoid it usually, negative Television . If my epigons do the same trick, the ONE-ROW-TIME, ONE-WAY-TITw12, in order to not to become the salesman of "TOUR" culture like Daisetsu result will be completely the same ( unlike Webern and Suzuki, because the cultural patriotism is more harmful Webern-epigons)...... that is ...... GRASP the Eternity . O than the political patriotism, because the former is the My TV is_NOT the expression of my personality, O disguised one, and especially the self-propaganda of Zen but merely aa) stop at the O To consummated or steril Zero-point ( the doctrine. of the. self-abandonment) must be the stupid O ` is a classical method to grasp the eternity . suicide of Zen. " a "PHYSICAL MUSIC" O -

Anyway, Zen consists of two negations. my bb) like "FLUXUS championcontest ", To perceive SIMULTANEOUSLY the parallel the first negation : 0 in which the flows longest-pissing-time-recordholderis hon- of many independent movements is another The absolute_IS the relative . O oured with his national hymn . (the first champion ; classical way for it. the second negation F.Trowbridge. U.S .A . 59 . 7 seconds) The relative IS the absolute. O But poor Joyce was compelled to write the parallely My TV is more ( ? ) than the art, advancing stories in one book with one-way direction, The first negation is a simple fact, which every mortal or because of the othology of the book . The simultaneous meets every day; everything passes away  , mother, less perception of the parallel flows of 13 independent ( ?) than the art. TV lover, hero, youth, fame  , etc. I can compose something, which movements can perhaps realize this old dream of mys- lies The second negation is the KEY-point of Zen. tics, althougTi the higher ( ?) than my personality, problem is left unresolved, whether That means , or this is possible with our normal physiognommy (we The NOW is utopia, what it may be . lower (?) that my personality. have only one heart, one breath, one focus of eye,) The NOW in 10 minutes is also utopia,what it may be . without somemysticaltraining . an3TF WELL The NOW in 20 hours is also utopia, what it may be . TRAINED he needs neither 13 TVs, not TV ; The NOW in 30 months is also utopia,what it may be . nor electronics, nor music, nor art. the ...... happiest The NOW in40million years is also utopia,what it Therefore ( ? ), perhaps therefore , suicide of art.... the most difficult anti-art, the working that ever may be . existed...... process and the final result has little to do  and I don't know, who could have achieved Therefore therefore, ... . . by no previous work was I so happy this platonic and steril consummation of art, working in these as TV experiments. We should learn, In usual compositions, we because if he REALLY did, have first the approx- how to be satisfied with 75/ imate vision of the completed work, (the pre-imaged how to be satisfied with 50/ ideal. or "IDEA" in the sense of Plato) I should not know his name. . Then, the how to be satisfied with 38~ working process means the torturing endeavour to ap- how to be satisfied with 9/ proach to this ideal "IDEA" . But in the gxperimental I must not know his name. how to be satisfied with ON TV, the thing is completely revised. . Usually I don't, how to be satisfied with -1000' ...... or cannot have any pre-imaged VISION before working. FirstIseek the " WAY ", of which I cannot for Zen is anti-avant-garde, anti-frontier spirit, anti-Kennedy, . see where it leads to. The "WAY" that means, This reflection reminds me of two usages of the word Zen is responsible of asian poverty. to study the circuit, to try various "FEED BACKS", "ECSTASY", which originaly means in Greek How can I justify ZEN,without justifying asian poverty ?? to cut some places and feed the different waves there, It is another problem, to which I will refer again in the next to change the phase of waves etc...... whose technical eksisteanai (ek-ex- out of - histanai to set,stand) . essay. details, I will publish in the next essay...... Anyway, what I need is approximately the same kind of "IDEA" xx) Normal use of this word is the frenzy of poetic in- Anyway,if you see my TV,please,see it more than 30 minutes. which american Ad Agency used to use, ., ., ., just a spiration, or mental transport or rapture from the way or a key to something W . N E This "modern" (?) contemplation of divine things . (A.C .D .)" 'the perpetual evolution is the perpetual U Nsatisfaction. usage of "IDEA" has not much to do with "TRUTH", In other words , it is the only merit of Hegelian dialectic." "ETERNITY", "CONSUMMATION", "ideal IDEA", ** completely filled time** the presence of eter- ( R.AKUTAGAWA ) which Plato--Hegel ascribed to this celebrated clas- nal present sical terminology. (IDEA)= *** a kind of abnormal situation of the conscious- "the perpetual Unsatisfaction is the perpetual evolution. f.i . ness it is the main merit of my experimental TV" "KUNST IST DIE ERSCHEINUNG DER IDEE" *** unconscious- or superconsciousness *** ( N .J .P . ) "Art is the appearance of the idea". extreme concentration The trustration remains as the frustration. ( Heael----Schi I le e.) **** some mystics forget themselves There is NO catharsis. *** I unify with myself *** The world stops for 3 his difference should be underlined, because the minutes ! ! I the eternal 3 minutes-?TI --- "Feticism of Idea" seems to me the main critical Gri- ( Dostoyevsky, before having the spasm of t rlamile onIemporary art, like "Nobility and Sim- Epilepsy) etc. etc. ... Don't expect from my TV : Shock., Expressionism .,Romanti- plicity" in the greek art (Winkelman), or famous five *** There is dimension of "HIGH'' OR "DEEP'", cism ., Climax., Surprise ., etc ...... for which my previous pairs of categories of Woeifflin in Renaissance and which germans are very fond of ...... compositions had the honour to be praised. In Galerie Parnass, Baroque art. one bull's head made more sensation than 13 TV sets . May-be zz) Above uses are somehow related with the abnormal .1I .II I7 v4 Il lv II 11 y one needs 10 years to be able to perceive delicate difference state of consciousness, but J.P .SARTRE applied this of 13 different "distortions" (?), as it was so in perceiving word ( EXTASIS) in analising our consciousness in the delicate difference of many kinds of "noises" (?) in the INDETERMINISM and VARIABILITY is the very NORMAL STATE. field of electronic music. UNDERDEVELOPED parameter in the optical art, (S . -L'Etre et Le Neant) ( please, refer to introduction of J .P .Wilhelm although this has been the central problem in music According to Sartre  our consciousness (cogito) is and my own to the Exposition of 1963 March in for the last 10 years, (just as parameter SEX is very always "Vetre pour soi" (Seln fuer rich), a kind of Galerie Pamass, Wuppertal . (reprints available, underdeveloped in music, as opposed to literature and which being, cannot unify with itself . We are con- also published in Decollage no .4 ) optical art. demned to think and that means we are condemned to a) I utilized intensely the live-transmission of ask . normal program, which is the most variable That means in his word

0 In 1970, Plny momlight somte on the moon . al v m Music Note : ro ELECTRONIC TV F- COLOR TV EXPERIMENT 0 by NAM JUNE PAIK , t . more rorso 0 m In my 7 L two previous essays on this subject (Decollage No . 4 and Fluxus Newspaper 0 N No- 3), I treated the aesthetical aspects of the electronic TV L experiments and its relation to electronic O music . This w There were strange dolngs essay will be mainly a technical report . L last night at the New School, where a large and happy I COLOR TV EXPERIMENT m audience watched in amaze- A Three taperecorders are added to the convergence-circuit, so F c Inent as Nam June Paik re- that convergence-circuit d is modulated over the waves from m vealed his latest creations. the taperecorders . . .Any black b white image gets random rs Q a) Among these was a jam picture . (Point A .B .C . at circuit diagram) " L B Three session entitled "Electronic TV cameras are fed to each Kathode of red, green, blue a N TV and Color TV Experl- electro-guns of the color picture tube, so that one shadow 7 0 ro ments," during which a num- mask picture tube shows three different images of three C oL colors at one ro ber of perfectly good tele- time . The brightness of the three images is vision sets were jammed elec- controlled by the amplitude of three taperecorders at the i t4 tfonically, causing consider- reversed phase . (Point E .F .G .) G c \" d able picture-rllstortlon. The II BLACK b WHITE TV EXPERIMENTS 0 networks are way ahead of A The picture is changeable in three ways with hand switches . L a Paik, . The results re- ro though Upside-Down ; Right-Left ; Positive-Negative . sembled those upset-stomach B The screen can become larger and smaller in vertical and 0 ads, where everything is wob- horizontal dimensions separately according to the amplitude L bly and out of focus. of the tape-recorder . L 0 0 3 Time was when "the band C Horizontal 6 vertical deflection of normal TV u is changed into placed a polka while she the spiral-deflection . Any normal o, square image is varied into E stripped." In his inventive- a fan-form . (Special Yoke-ossilator-amplifier rt is made for it .) ro o ness, Park eliminated the D A TV screen (negative) in match-box size . band-Charlotte lIoormal E TV picture is "disturbed" by strong demagnetizer, vL whose place Lro provided the musical back- and rhythm give rich variety . a-0 ground for her own strip. These experiments were made in Tokyo in 19o3-u4 with technical help m In this case, it was the first of Mr . SHUYA ABE 6 Mr . HIDEO UCHIDA, whose ability and creativity I Bach's C Nia)ot cannot emphasize too much . My Qm z movement of cooperation with these top engineers o Sonata for solo cello, of broadened and changed my Lebensanchauung . which she played a bit, took' III The following is a recapitulation of my first show in Galerie Parnass off a bit, played another bit In March, 190, Wuppertal, Germany . took off another bit. Ther A A relay is intercepted at the grid of Video-output tube Line so that she lay down on the floor picture is visible only wnen relay is connected . (Point H or. put the cello on her stomach circuit) It is controlled by the amplitude of the radio or tape- and finished the section. recorder . B A relay is a It was quite a scene, ant intercepted at the A/C 110 volt input and fed by a 25 she was mightily cheered fo , watt amplifier without rectifier . Unsymmetical sparks are seen on N her efforts. screen . N Also on the program was C 10 meg ohm resistor is intercepted C N ~ at the grid of the vertical 0 ~ A U- rl P robot, looking like a cross be-: output tube and then the waves from the generator are fed here, so tween a Rube Goldberg con- that both waves interfere and modulate with each other . (Pointl) H v ro D H coction and some boy's con -',`- The waves from the taperecorder are fed to the horizontal output " m t: m ro tribution to his school scienel tube's grid, so that horizontal lines are warped according to the r o ,G 0 N fair. :Vir. Paik oper!lced thiF taperecorder's frequency and amplitude . (Point J) - 0 0 N d P toy from his remote coiitrc'- E The vertical output tube is cut out ; you see only one straight line . ( . W W F . N P7 board with intense fervor f, c H The robot flapped anc E p o , n, o ., o o > ;ghtly. Not b o groaned, 1 a god re- c o n ti action to-the evening's pro- $1 N w m t c v ,a u C Y N ~ 0 Y - d > "a ceedin ;s at that, considF:ing. Professor K. 0. Goetz of the 0 m H Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf, Germany nas o ~ C PAUL TUROK. published since Iy,0 ~ rd on the idea of feeding the Kathode of A p z x tube the TV picture k k j o H with a computer . This idea has not been realized, because t 0 rl U ? get a he could not c Y b W computer and our largest computer is still too slow +" a s; O points in to send 4 million a t>, each one 50th second . Although this idea and my method Z different, is completely r H H H q N a I want to pay due respect . Also, TV-decollage of W . P o C A m o ~ h Gallery, N. Vostell (Smolin P U > ~ a ~' ,C o > Y . L ., 193) shows rich possibilities of combinations of r ;r m m S +' hetero-TV TV and P c~ P m elements . ("Shoot the TV," "Bury the TV,` "TV behind canvass," fi > a m ¢ "TV blur" etc .) Knud Wiggen is - U C H w m 0 4. a "+ -hopefully--working to establish an electronic m > W G Ci TV studio in Stockholm. I hope x {~ for financial help from foundations for m o X us all . O F C 0 1 H +' +' O Y 0 m c'. O m O F r~ 1964 . H H "1 wrote this essay in the winter, 1964 . It was printed in the invitation of a show at New School for Social Research in New York, January 1965 ." Cover, left ; circuit diagram, overleaf .

V203 Fro .008.3 IN CTCSa AUDI ~ 5 .0066 1-CTC So 6A0.5 OUTDID AUDIO OUTPUT TR OUTPUT w G M 0 b LS ,DI G H a 1 A h N; `y "H e C U A h !~ u0v N F .N r , ,9 U N ; 7 b G N G . N iC, L . G F~ x R 147 v,De 0 N A H ti U N,: G o G EJ e ;,F0 F 470 21AXPz U b N 0 }: 0 O 1 0 " LJ . .0.1 KINESCOPE ! " ri " rl U F N 0 " ' 0 0 C M V W U 0 ti'7 N 0 N G H s: N WF m F O > G" RISE ,385V '"1 I 0 " p ti Fa o 0 O N q N e2 U c9 !) F N N q n ;.m a .N A ro ,a 0 N .y rl a ) 0 F o ": o > N rN °, .q o H U G> N U O P" a c {j rl r+ F v " G ,d 0 on v C o 'J t~ N r, o o N x q 145 V U N .i G .riG U I: CJ' !' JUU OU M )I VSOI r, rl 4 C : : G , U O I-d A T - 0 A u F N (, nd 0!>mq - 3o l E O u ~t m o 0 " ID m o'~ 6DE6 U tt Pl c R162 r_ f: N o 0 0 :NE . 13T . MK bF TRAf 6800 . r ~i r1 0 m c 0 i u ~ivm " A o f I F AIPL r h U rl U N N "S : 0. T'.1 a U " H 7E301 D, I O 0 "HE : . .H 0 O r ' O'ri A N ;: 0 ,, r1 U U Z 0 " U " G F 9 N SC V j !) 0 d N ? 0 A W " 170 V. 8AI J . . .N C 0 " ^ . G 0 "h ,,i G r" rH tJ w r- J- 7o C . c '1 r~ W F G u > ~' > > 3 " 4 1 0 F U 0 0 0 B hl H 0 E . U G P . O " N , . H p' U F " "N0 h U U C 0 P 17 U 0 q , U C > + 7 H GN 0 > i 0 " S OG " ,. N ~j0p " , :) U1 1 . 0 " rV ;*301 100000L 0 F H Q G "'Y-, q ,I N F ! C I y) r! r1 U~ 7 > Hrlr. " o N 'i o N o G M >, o N I o G L . 0 N P ;,, A p 0 q lip c . " w rl ° ~ v " r' " C. M H rl C ` " 1 f- rf C f : c7 ri 41 'U rl P U I : I" 0 ` G "I Gto N GON H E" k H G v p rl L h ,! G: ill R214 OK 100K

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Nam June Paik 458 W. 25th street d,C co~ DE New York City Ol ~rc t~ `~ RF Projects for Electronic Television y I D I hope to open a studio for electronic color television In New York City so that I can betin more complicated technical experiments such as maximum Cafe Au Go Go - 152 Bleecker " Octobe(4 8 11 1965 4rld Theater " 9PM exploitation of shadow-mask color Tv picture tube, selfpprogramming (a trial preview to main November show at Gallery Bonnino) of 4hole video signal through f'J cameras, tape-recorders Through the grant of J D R 3rd fund (1965 spring term), 5 years old dream of me (visual and audio), the combination of electronic music the combination of Electronic Television 8 Video Tape Recorder and electronic TV, and if possible, combining the TV is realized . It was the long long way, since I got this idea in Cologne Radio Station with computers and self-invonted 50 channel data recorders . in 1961, when its price was as high as a half million dollars . I look back with a bitter As an adjunct to these experiments I plan to construct

grin of having paid 25 dollars for a fraud instruction "Build the Video Recorder Yourself" a compact version of electronic TV for concerts so that it can easily be transported and of the desperate struggle to make it with Shuya Abe last year in Japan . In my and demonstrated in collekea . It will have unprscedsnted education effects since it video-taped electro vision, not only you see your picture instantaneously and find out bridges two cultures, appealing both to artistically and what kind of bad habits you have, but see yourself deformed In 12 ways, which only scientifically minded people . These two projects of electronic ways can do . experimentation and education are aimed at a third stage-- *It the historical necessity, if there is a historical necessity in history, is the development of an adapter with dozens of possibilities that a new decade of electronic television should follow to the past decade of electronic music which anyone could use in his own home, using his increased "Variablity 8 Indeterminism is underdeveloped in optical art as parameter leisure to tranodBrm his TV set from a passive pastime Sex is underdeveloped in music . to active creation . -**As collage technic replaced oil-paint, the cathode ray tube will replace the canvass .

**--Someday artists mil I work with capacitors, resistors 8 semi-conductors as they work today with brushes, violins 8 junk .

Laser idea No 3 Because of WHF of LASER, we will have enough radio stations to afford Mozart-only stations, Cage-only stations, Bogart-only TV stations, Under- ground Movie-only TV stations etc . etc . etc .

1965 . 1965 . "This essay was written to the New School for Social Research, New York, in collaboration with Bill Wilson while I was living at his house in spring . The last line anticapates the video synthesizer ."

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"Electronics" has been the catch-phrase since 1950, in science and society, in music and stock-market . . . why not in art?

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3.5 Some says, the condition of success is "only 20% NEW" . . log Cage- Mc-±sorry Sorry, my thing is "95% NEW" or ert Wiener

A rh z 0 NAM JUNE PAIK

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Studio . Is possibilit6 en soi . . . c'est la jeunesse en soi . So is my electronic art. polyphonic painting a la Freud. me

(cybernated art ) dt - art for cybernated life = 3 1 00 t-you dx electronic moon, a prelude to necklace-TV? parameter-indeterminacy is under developed in art, although cage . Video tape minwac electronic art > pop art >op art _> pot art > electronic art As collage technic replaced oil paint, so cathode-ray tube a painting which exists only for one second in one hour . aL-BONINO, LT . NnaYmt i& N .7 (if a ~V o) - will replace canvass 0000000 0000000 1965, "Nam June Paik: Electronic Art," Galeria Bonino, Ltd ., New York .

by N "m June Yolk 25 by Nam June Paik C X a & Cybernated art is very important, but art for cybernated life is Utopian Laser TV Station m~ 2y~ o '~3 m more important, and the latter need not be cybernated . great, but his in is minutes, eliminating r "~ C McLuhan is surely -a r j . C . y y w c biggest inconsistency is that he still parking problems). T-!'.o'-c t:t :t -ou ::ro ',mitt " a little cuicter c:ayz , . c p 9 ZZS~.v (Maybe George Brecht's simplissimo is the most adequate .) writes books. He became well-known 2 p.m . How to use my "stereo n a :~,~ 9 by 6 5 mainly through books, he doesn't eyes" and Buddha head, T ^,ot two very rood ideas about realizin,", Variation Ho 0 a,d m X Bul if Pasteur and Robespierre are right that we can resist poison care about the situation, and is ex- Emmert Williams. .3 5 Yc ~ ~ ~ E rn only through certain cluded from the media for which J p.m . Guided tour of Kurdistan, K p built-in poison, then some specific frustrations, Jacnon 1'.clvots 'Pi" ce v ~ w n s he evangelises. Turkistan and Kaxakslan, by and for Sari Diann' . r ~LY n -w 1t n n caused by cybernated life, require accordingly cybernated shock r Very very veq high-frequency os- Dick Higgins. n C ty 9 w and catharsis. My everyday work with video tape and the cathode- cillation of laser will enable us to 4 p.m . Confessions of a topless o,C m g o Charlotte Moor- 5 w ray tube convinces me of this . afford thousands of large and small cellist, by " a 0. x stations . This will free us from man. d G 7 TV About vicleo tapin" of You & Duchamp's chess  , ?y yO .d dp O 0 f 'd U the monopoly of a few commercial 5 p.m . Cantata: "Image Sacr6e de m q * Cybernetics, the science of pure relations, or relationship itself, has U y p C TV channels . I am video-toping the Mary Bouermeister," by ~ o .o 9 -e its origin in karma. Marshall I think it is practically suite difficult,  T dont ;mow a y ro Mciuhan's famous phrase "Media is following TV programs to be telecast Nam June Paik. ~ ~ w c report: "How y y 0 message" was formulated by Norbert Wiener in 1948 as "The signal, March I, 1996 A.D. 6 p.m . Stock market him at ll,, ^nd thin nro,ject looks G . Chess lesson by Marcel Du- to lose your money quickly," like too cornercial, m m where the message is sent, plays equally important 7 a.m o m w role as the champ. by George Mociunas . an "C,`d3 n signal, where message is not ac sent ." 8 a.m . Meet the Press. Guest: John 7 p.m . Avant-garde cooking reci- like , ~j WOR1) S p(p;~tQP() . , therefore I better post- a.° Cage. pes for endless sex, tempo- 0 As the Happening is the fusion of various arts, Morning gymnastics : Merce rary death, controllable pne it for some better occasion, . n v m so cybernetics is the 9 .. .. althoun I can take it any- s v w H Cunningham, Carolyn dreams, endless unsex, 0 C exploitation of boundary regions between and across various exist- N ~ $ Brown. endless youth, by Alis- ,,hen the adequate chance N m R a of m ing sciences . time, cores . e ~ 3 .c 11- e 10 a.m. Something Else Unive1sity : Knowles. E ¢d m nee n e s collection of unnecessary 8 p.m . Symposium on modern Pla- 3 $ Newton's In stead of it , as the gala openinf programm for my 'Utppian T VI .n n~ "wn mom v u ~ ~ A n a physics is the mechanics of power and the unconcilialory and unimportant knowl lonism : George Brecht, Rob- two-party ert Filliou, Hanson, Joe t.7 C 0 O ti Yp .C system, in which the strong win over the weak . But in edge (Indian incense, Chi- At tl "t"'cRE';Ito'd" feet the press' of programm Z o0 RI x m° p d nese cockroaches, etc.), by Jones and Ray Johnson. of you. a,C~ the 1920's a German genius put a tiny third-party (grid) scant to sake tae J'' d . pC r between David Tudor. io p.m. Baby care, by Diter Rot. I C 'd C .C these two mighty poles (cathode and N ro 7 anode) in a vacuum tube, thus 11 a.m . The more meaningful bore- 11 p.m . Ars Nova Quartet: Philip 0 k°` c o ? ~ d m F enabling the Corner, Malcolm Goldstein, Trick is easy f effective, Z weak to win over the strong for the first time in human dom. Jackson Mac law's ,`C ~ d p ~ 1961 film in which a stand. Alvin Lucier and James Z b m history. It mightbe a Buddhistic'third way,' but anyway this German ing camera focuses on a Tenney . video-tape you, talking the answer 0 invention led to T will printed in Silence cybernetics, which came to the world in the last free for many hours. 12 p.m . Midnight editorial : Art and war c to shoot down German planes from the English sky. 12 a.m. Noon news by Charlotte Politics, by Waif Vostell, fol- pife 126 (,4fternota to Lecture on Nothing1That is a very good Moorman. The 1996 Nobel lowed by movies of the 60's U {x The Buddhists also say prises: peace, John Cage ; (Stan Brakhage, Robert auestiou4 I should not spoil it by the answer Ny head 14 chemistry, inventor of the Breer, Adolfas Maka., Stan 0 Z Karma is samsara Vanderbeek). paper plate; physics, a Relationship I a.m. Suggestion fortonight: "Bed w , nts to ate atf You can improvise some more anslrcra is metempsychosis Charles de Gaulle ; medicine 0 prise, inventor of the pain- Techniques of the Ancients," 6 ) less abortion pill; litera- readings in Greek by Chris- ture, Dick Higgins or Tames tian Wolff. Z n We are in open circuits Schmil. ' 2 a.m. Goodnight poem : rude and T will video tape tR1ALI fl',cet t,~c ;^co-C'frOM l1 H C . a I p.m. Commercials from the chants by Carol Bergk Fluxus Department Store. S a.m. Dream music, by LaMonte edit both no that you answer to the 'funny' questions iF Alison Brand Atom Shoes young, and Mahjong tour, far the carless society (this between Ay-o, by ,journalists . Since I heard about it from 1'etzger, I thou7ht tit shoe is equipped with small Takehiso Kosugi, Tashi (chi that it was one of best co:.: cition of you"' Pre-fa~coedlanawc wheels, fed by tiny atomic yanagi and Yoko One. engines, and can travel 6a.m.Alcohol contest: all-star cast. (2a) from Harlem to Wall Street I kope tkat you find 1$ minutes to video tape it before 19th of April. I will call you Some time in next week.

1965, "This essay was written in 1965 and published by the Something Else Press in spring 1966 ."

1966 .

JOHNCDM-AMERRANARMT

. Dear J .(. .'sof=r nr. . ._ . ._ . cverytjanr, Jr, fine hire  '~;cre toe . . m;ie ot1^.nr clay I acc,an,anied Ko^u7i to tlcCray and Iliad a 'acnderful talk-. f.e was very friendly, r.nc ',ve "ot vcr ;r orti .listic innrecsjon,  , t tray God  f f , . 1986 . "1 tried to videotape the chess game of Duchamp and Cage . After a long watt the permission was ob- tained From Mr . Cage and Duchamp. When I was ready . It was too late ." 0000000 0000000

"The following essay was written in winter and sculpture will be shaken up, intermedia art will be unmoved . product for this young science in electro-anes- 1966 . thesia, copies were sent to Max Mathews, Mike Noll, James further strengthened, bookless lieterature, paper- f) Put dog's eyes and cat's mouth to electro-visual tranquilizer, electronic Tenney and Lejaren Hiller, Jr. It was printed in the less poem will be born . Adenaur's face . hallucination through the film for closed eyes, Flykingen Bulletin (Stockholm) in 1967 . b) Pure scientific research electro-sleep and other elecro-therapy . The new possibility of drawing every kind of form 3) Video signal input Elecra-magnetic vibration of the head from abstract pattern to realistic image via grade The painfil gap existing between TV video signal might lead the way to electronic zen . of mixture of both, will be helpful in the research (4 meg c/s) and the output speed of computer (eq . of Gestalt psychology in its whole sphere, namely IBM 7090 : 400,000 bits per second) requires an sensory organization, characteristic of unusual solution . One way would be to record the entity, behaviour, association, recall, insight, program in slow speed and speed it up in play-back . learning, etc . . . It might contribute also to "hot" still astronomical quantity of information bit in But time subject of visual electronics today such as optical single frame and its sequence requires enormously In almost 10,000 essays reviewed in the recognition, optical character recognition, optical consuming program work, and just this shortcoming Computina Review (1960 - 1966), there are very few scanning of customer's account, video telephone, demands an original programming system, with many I contributions to visual art, as compared to a dozen sparkchamber photograph, etc ., needless to say, radar short cut ways and artistic phantasies, for which or more to music, literature and to history . In and anti radar . may say myself, I have often been credited . As the spite of interesting work done bt Peter Denes, c) For artistic eyes first step I will establish many machine independent Michael Noll, Bela Julesz, K.O .Goetz, and Stuttgarter Someday mediacal electronics will progress so much subroutines, which may be used by other programmers Group, many new possibilities are still left open for that vidicon artificial eyes will help the blind . like twelve tone rows or raga in Indi an music . Eg : further development, especially if the extreme In that case the vidicon scanning must be exactly a ) Subroutines of various basic forms, ranging importance of the cathode ray tube and video tape the same as the retinal structure of patient's eyes . from geometric to irregular form like bacteria . recorder to the arts is considered . On the other Beyond the fact that the standard retinal structure b) Subroutine of place inside a frame hand, computerized video experiments derived from would be much more complicated than today's c ) Subroutine of size . the unorthodox instinct of the artist will surely regular scanning techniques, there will be a large d) Division of raster to many fields and bring forth some unusual results in the research of and delicate range of individual difference among its interchanebility . pure science and applied technology . patients, which might vibrate even daily . In e) Stretch and shrink each field in various that case we must have very fine tuning system of directions . 1) The systematic study of SCANNING in symmet- scanning with manual and electronic controls, f) Subroutine of combination of all 5 subroutine ric and asymmetric, geometric and ageometric, deter- comparable to but far surpassing today's opthal- and the superimposition with realistic images . As human ministic-probalistic-indeterministic, periodic and moscopy, in order that vidicon signals should be laughter and dog's bark is superimposed in Vocoder, aperiodic ways . translated into adequate synaps to optical nerve so Picasso's face is scanned into the face of gnawing The main reason for the quick success of my elec- without distortion . My scanning experiments will be cat . tronic art was that I gave up very early the product- of some use for this ultimate goal . ion of video-signals (information quantity : 4 million d) For video telephone Among vast application of this method in art, bits per second), in order to concentrate my efforts Confidential pictures can be scanned with very interesting example would complicated secret "coded" frequencies, and sent science and technology, one on the creation of unusual scanning patterns (very the statistical movements of virus, to reciever . This will be useful, just as simple be the imitation of manageable information quantity : 15,000 and 50 bits and mass people . per second) . Especially the addition of third scrambling is useful, (eg . a Ford car designer bacteria, fishes, deflection yoke and triple was break- showing his new car model to an executive in the modulation a Another important usage of computer in visual through . The quick switching of various deflection coded picture via video telephone in complete con- 4) art is-a concordance of movie and TV shows, as Cornell patterns (eg. spiral, oval, triangle, etc .) with fidence .) concordance . Catalog- e) Synthetic Face University did with Shakespeare' adequate gate circuits as in chromatron color TV all main actor's and director's will enrich the variability by far . I am confident For the police identification, anthropological ing and indexing of scene by its contents (f .i . walking, waiting, anxiety, that the introduction of the computer to this study of various face types, beauty surgery, and including manicure industry, etc . . . love, fight, jealousy,eating,joy,crying, already well proven area will bring immediate emotional pitches) on videotape success . The above technic will enable ms to construct any length of scene and valuable for tine-library, a good study a) Artistic use kind of face, eg . a suspect who has the long contour will be very material for student and a great fun for ordinary Whole movie, TV technique will be revolutionized, of John Wayne, melancholy eyes of James Mason plus psychologist Chou En-Lai, half bald as Yul Brynner, oriental flat viewer and historian, sociologist, the scope of electronic music will be widened to of it . the new horizon of electronic opera, painting and nose, but with sensual mouth of ...... say ...... will profit out Oscar Wilde, but wearing glasses rather like James Joyce's . . . . . and with sex appeal of Henri Vidal . . . . . 5) Cathode-ray wall Mood art in the sense of mood music can be invented and or opera house 2) I suggest to build a 7 channel video signal installed in the home . Big theater could change their lobby designs everyday, matching to mixer,in which each camera shoots the seperate parts progress of various faces, enabling to compose one face out of their repertory and this lobby design could I +tm blginnin~; to video-to ;e t'.-,e rro,^,Tar>us of plot . Big cathode- station', ~"rlach ::ill 7 men's characteristics . Beyond the above mentioned in accordance with the developing future "'Uto7ian-Laser-TV or controlable broadcasted in 1999 . I Will vi(:cO-t~.fc police use for pattern perception, beauty surgery, ray wall with color cidophole be srthout cut, lug ..5 13FJ :'AOpRfSS 1 S USLl4Lf~ " , can be programmed for this full-length of lecture-scriec, C-T .,SSI~tO .~. .' " anthropological use, etc ., it will enrich the TV and electroluminiscence Concert at 23, 4 . , I t'-:in::, ~k . m.', Yerce's film technic tremendously . purpose they .%rill allow rip, Since it 3 :a :-es nciti^.^r a) Eyes weep, while mouth smiles . still widely spy noise, nor it ,;cede -Lr ilon F1 b) Only eyes come out of face and fly away . 6) Medical electronics and art is cor.:crci;_l picture ~~ can also change each other's ,,^into I dont require any CJ (negatice feedback of eyes will erase out original apart, but these two fields corner of ::Fall many parts quality, I can tape at any 1 eyes fruits, eg . various signals can be fed to v electronically .) establish s ery obscurely . 1=e'//; i of head, brain, and bodies, aiming to c) A face with slowly shrinking mouth and this As V star d) A face with two mouths and three eyes . completely new genre of DIRECT-CONTACT-ART, th, -ala-oaenVinr of t:,is Utopian T e) Whole face shakes, but only nose stays artistic experiment can bring some scientific by-

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THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, MAY 14,1957 10E k h H W J s Observer : Seated One Day at the Cello

to preserve musical clothing skin-tight pants and electronic man's performance had been conventions, for his basic ruling shirts that the youthful record critically acclaimed as one of seems to have been sound consumer insists upon. If his surpassing artistic excellence. Cp Sa 0 b D! field is Beethoven and Mahler c,0 r_o~ enough. As anyone who has had The question then becomes to sit through a cello concert he has to dress like a penguin. whether art out of costume Is 3 A 9~+ + 0 V given by anyone much less If a woman, she has to wear indecent . The answer we will ~ mAl11L skilled than Casals must agree, those long floor-length drapes probably get is that no "seri- m OvUJi4-2- C associated with Count Dracula's ous" > v 1n H r1 .uZtAn0 his decision that Miss Moor- artist would perform with- N v~ ,~ 0- ++ man had committed indecent ladies-in-waiting. out his artist's suit, and the mE 3 0 V r1 le N y~ undoubtedly jus- As a consequence, people who fact is that if he tried he would c !1) F_, r_, ID ri rl BAKER exposure was L 40 IN so lo By RUSSELL want to hear them have to certainly be blackballed from 00) tified. o ' .a NS," 0`-'af WASHINGTON, May 13 - dress up to do so. After all, if the Serious Musician's Associa. 20~ JS. +iUoE1 a7 Irrelevant you are to be entertained by tion. '1.7vavti Naked above the waist, Miss btss Is - m 0 Moorman sought to to do penguins you want to look at In our closed professional (6 u) CD w4.+0NV~ ,i Ia Charlotte The crime has nothing least as respectable as a mon- 0 91 ~- n V 1n rI t0 r1 play the cello in a New York with how a cellist dresses, how- sects, we all insist on our Col- 0 ~+ -+ 0 ro last February and was necessary, as key. (Whence the term "mon- leagues wearing the uniform of 1~ 0 4; ri w J.~ 0 a7 a o theater ever. It was not key suit" for the uniform that w ;: V brought to justice, which, in the Judge Shalleck did, to go to the trade-painters in white N . ri 0 al of GS Shal- audiences don to hear Beetho- overalls, journalists in gravy. F 0 -a r,aorl bo w O person of Judge Milton the constitutional issue of cloth- : U~ q 19 W ven.) Y c ro V 1eck, found her guilty this week ing. The briefest summation of stained neckties, doctors with oa~In oC wN0 The result has been to con- Cadillac shine on their trousers, 0> ,a M a) r-1 a0 so 0 a r-I of indecent exposure . the facts suffices to establish the aura of stuffi- rI ~ y U) An A d receiving Jus- attempted to give tribute to rock 'n' rollers in electronic }zrF-- al a) In addition to Guilt. ("You ness that repels so many from 3 1 L II .~' r1 ri N 1 N however, Miss Moorman concert in public?" "Yes, shirts, bankers in pinstripes, 0"4~ao0ca) 0 tice, a cello what is stuffily called "seri- actors in ascots, lady cellists v v im 00004Oo04 Ie also received a judicial lecture your honor." "Are you Pablo Z PQ P. a N W W U rt ." ous" music. If the orchestra is in Lady Dracula weeds. m gar E on the theory of clothing, dur- Calais?" "No, your Honor overdressed, we are invited to -CN 0 L x ing which Judge Shalleck again 'This court finds you guilty of is "serious ." In the Same Boat F C V law's no- believe, the music c ca 0 betrayed the man of 1ndeownt exposure.") From here it is an easy exer- c 0 4.3 torious innocence of the artistic theory that the artist Though violations are unlike- - .0 0 v A 9) C) a) a) a) al cise in acrobatic logic to reach ly to be branded "indecent," the 1u ro 7m000-J70 process . Specifically, the judge must in the costums of position that m"ooglooo drew Judge Shalleck's violator, no matter how good N mE- suggested that Pablo Casals hta-tfde-is one of the heaviest a musician with his pants on is E c ... 0 ~ A"Hrri "4-H-H~ b would not "have become as have to carry, he may be, will be advised that I- o burdens the arts a better musician then he is he could be even better at his E} N 0 great if he had performed nude and it is sad to see the judfei- off. o a, h i ." with them trade if only he would comply from the waist down ary fumble an opportunity to N v a highly arguable from it. At a Cello Concert? with the uniform regulations. 3 7~Uri a)tia This is free them C 0 proposition. Aside from its be- The painter in his uncom- In convicting Miss Moorman, And so, we are all in the same 0 } Q >- a S~ i+ h r -1 40 boat with Judge Shalleck when Y y P4 10 z ing incompetent, irrelevant and fortable jeans and overstuffed Judge Shalleck dismissed her hwXQ ;E: tin immaterial, there is not ohe hair, the writer in his shaggy artistic attainments by stating he reasons that Casals would m evidence to support man in hismono- that her performance was "born have been a poorer cellist with. scintilla of tweeds, the ad Out pants. Y n 1t. For all we know, Casals grammed undershirts-all are not of a desire to express art might have been even greater victims of society's insistence but to get the vernacular sucker It is too bad about Miss m3 0) keep uni- come and be aroused." The Moorman . It would have been IY had he not been forced to upon keeping its creators in to m a layer of wool between his form; but the musician is the mind boggles at the notion of pleasant to relieve the somno- 0 of vernacular suck- lence induced by cello concerts, ~E knees and his. cello. most abused of all. even the most m N W 0 The judge's difficulty in the If he wants to succeed in er becoming aroused at a cello but her crime was greater than 3 Moorman_case seems to have popular music, he is compelled concert, but let that point pass indecent exposure. She violated °' c arisen from an excess of zeal to wear those ankle-high shoes, and suppose that Miss Moor- the Social Uniform Code.

L967. "This flier was printed in 1967 (courtesy of Malcom Goldstein and was to be distributed in the world premier of my Opera Sextronique . Unfor- tunately Charlotte Moorman could not finish the I piece and went through many months of agony . ti17 1 would lice to tae the c^ess of you and f'.Duchang; in any case ( ny 1en-~L  ,'octsrcen'5 :1inut "oz.t o 5 hours) . this happentance gave me the glimpse P?,;:~SG,DC!?T S :, T9g EXTRA-T-2 F: D',TZ fr4~yr of mass media from the inside, which became "I have just read about a concert in which every L T w . l l ,.L:,, o s P ~ ja><";:Cd..SC31alu1--fg.~.,th~s_t :ZinZ .,,.out IF very useful later ." member of a symphony orchestra was asked to play whatever pleased him at the moment. Then there was something about a piece for piano in which the Tell 1' cx il ; :nrt, .u pianist was not allowed to touch the keys, And, of IUSi' course you know about the the tsI -u L ;~fSJ lady who plays cello aovisoa s .Y. wearing nothing here ...... 11 ~~ c1oL~:;.r ssaaaav ace si nova eo as is si "1 IN ~~ ''~l v 1 Casals pointed to his venerable chest and smiled faintly. "Experimentation is fine," he summarized. "But they should not call it music. They should call it ~t,o '~n .t~i s t 0000000 something else:' 0000000

r'ylAtstMe WM1 "You cannot exclude anyone from TV," declares Paik, "so really delicate important sub- jects /like politics, philosophy, Grinnell Drive, Routs 1, Hex 80, sex, and avant garde aetivity Yellow Springs, Ohio are not shown. But videotape 45787 can supplant commercial broad- December 16, 1973 casting with highly selective pro- gramming to be played back anytime at Jud Rosebush, recorder, you can 'The hYersos Museum of Art, / a pe 401 Harrison Street, ake a videotape magazine . Community Plaza, When you have a big screen 3-15 Syracuse, New York 13202 color videotape recorder; it will Dear Jud: 'Iatfe' kill 'Life' magazine just as Hsyo this missive finds you well and happy. Hew are things killed 'Collier'. going at the Everson? I have talked briefly om the phone with David and also hear things about the Eversox from Paik . e Perhaps it would be possible to put me en the'mailing list? will have amateur TV. Combina- n'hclosod'are four large con,set prints of stills from two tions of Xerox with videotape films by Paik and myself . He mentioned that there would be will print everyone's newspaper time to got stills included is by publication, and somehow these four, which could be reproduced in their present size, at home. The video-record will give a good sequential idea of how the videofilms unfold in become cheaper and easier than their development. Two are from BEA'TLES hLECT3pNI'QUES (1966- 9)', "16mm, 3 minutes, black and white and color; the other two videotape for mass reproduction, are from VIDE0TAP . STUDY NO . 3 (1967-9), l6mm, 4 minutes, wit8 no threading and instant block and white . Both are to be credited as films by Nam June playback. As the collage tech- Paik and . Jud., Yalkut ; the stills,are by "myself . nique replaced oil-paint, the Should you. for any reason require larger prints of the stills, name of which are available at this time, please let me 'now cathode ray tube will replace and I will either try to get prints made or send you negatives . the canvass., However, I hip. somehow that the present prints are usuable. "Medical electronics and art I sm presently am Assietaxt Professor of Art at '.+right State are still widely apart ; but these Uxiveraity just outside of Dayton, teaching courses is Video and two fields can also change each ' film under the cover, STUDIPS IN EXPE2IWENTAL IYIBDIA, and all is going well . Hope to hear from you shortly and to see you some- other's fruits, e. g., various time seem . signals can be fed to many parts of the head, brain, and body, aiming to establish a com- pletely new genre of DIRECT- CONTACT-ART. T h e electro- magnetic vibration of the head might lead the way to Electronic Zen."

Beatles Electroniques

SS3000V Hoj SI OLIVOlo3015 SIHl

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Dear J.C.

May be I prefer the letter, 'occ+rose jt js more classic .

I have been thinking far the past 48 hours, how to survive next 6 months, The easiest or most difficultest solution is to sell my big robot for 1200 dollars, It contains 20 channel radio control for model air plane, which sells in ',merica for 900 dollars, This enuipment is still in good shape, and can be used for ,any purpose, Since I spent more than 1500 dollars for this ?obot (Koechel Verzeichnis 456), (besides this radio control), and it is the first robot to have travelled the world, may it be can find d. ric :h father, 12CO dollars is roughly the half of the productions cost, (including packing & transport- tionl, ------Also i have a handwritten-map : ' I (very beautiful) of around same age. It has been mv favorite, but I have to I think your part, All three together will have the madison avenue time is much much more valuable, than mine, or ours, price and it has been of around 600 $ . But I got a ne.r idea !one of my already suite a heart breaking scene for us, to 34_ secret ideas ), to transform it to my,owwn see you spend so much of your time for pre-art necessities, composition , without hurting the original one . In this way the buyer cagoi11n Therefore I really hate to continue this letter . I feel rather t,,-.,o art work at the same time _ so-said to leave America , than to 'use' your time for such a purpose, ------'electronic antique art? . . ._ I can give my ...... part of work, free, so that it stimulate the buyer to buy, Anyway , but  however  nevertheless  tnspite of dlspite  of course, I want to .give my prepared T V , in return .tor~ The second idea I have  , is to sell Japanese antiques scrolls . for the finamcial help to any body,

T have two quite rood scrolls by famous painters . IIIIII,, Kano Chikanobu (1660-1728) My brother will pay my rent and electricity ( 100 4), Kano Tanyu (1602-16741 and for the food and electronic evense f 200 $), he can send me some. more - , I think, or hope that it will ease the money raising,

Of course, I am trying my best with Charlotte for the paying 1967, "Robot-K456 had 20 channel radio control and !0 channel concert jobs, and eventually to get the computor-picture job, recorder, 1t was in the Bonino exhibition in 1965 : in Bell I-b, as Jim Tenney had for electronic music. But it is the long range project, for which I will work, after the present bottle-neck is over . I `r/ got slight aouaintance with Dr, S, Pierce in Stokholm . Anyway I am determined to stay at least 6 more months, to give one more push to my electronic art, monopolized by uptown gallery befoee it is

0 ac 9 NORBERT WIENER AND m

MARSHALL McLUHAN Q

by Nam June Paik Lm

I . Twenty years ago Norbert Wiener, whose hobby was animals' nerve systems . Also the binary code of study of media per se . simulation of electronics and E to read the Encyclopedia Britannica from A to Z, today's computer has its origin in the "all or nothing" human nerve system . . indeterminism . .) . Wiener used 0 anticipated the Intermedia . "For many years Dr character of our Neuron synapses,which are either these characteristics as the micro-form to construct c0 0 Rosenblueth and I had shared the conviction that the simply "ON",or simply "OFF" . (No middle value, the technical interior of the electronic age, whereas 0 most fruitful areas for the growth of the sciences were middle value comes from the vast accumulation of McLuhan used them as the macro-form to interpret psychological and sociological exterior of the those which had been neglected as a no-man's land this "ON" and "OFF") . the I between the various established fields . Since Leibniz electronic age . The unity of micro-form and macro- there has perhaps been no man who has had a full McLuhanexpresses his view in the following way : form almost hints the harmony of Leibnitzion S command of all the intellectual activities of his day . "We wear all mankind as our skin . . . . Man extended, monadology . These are of the same time the original A century ago there may have been no Leibniz,but or set outside himself, a live model of the central contributions of two thinkers,and one does not a there was a Gauss,a Faraday,a Darwin . Today there nervous system itself" . ("Understanding Media" discount the other's significance . (In a way McLuhan v i 0000000 are few scholars,who can call themselves mathematicians, D53, o56) . put Wiener inside-out,as Marx put Hegel upside- N physiologists, or biologists without restriction . A man down .) may be a topologist,or an acousticion,or a coleologist the thought the 4 . Indeterminism,a core in of d . . . ., it is these boundary regions of science which twentieth century from Heisenberg via Satre to Cage, Of course,MIT's professor of mathematics and offer the richest opportunities to the qualified reflected also in Wiener and Mcluhan . For Wiener McLuhan,the hippie Joycian,could not agree in all m investigators . .", Eg "the physiologist need not be indeterminism was entropy, a classical terminology the points . The resemblance of the African oral m The main difference of Dada and Pop art is , or was that able to prove a clertain mathematical theorem, but he of statistics, and for McLuhan indeterminism was the village and American TV culfure missed the square the latter gave up the criticism amd bitter taste , which must be able to giosp its physiological significance "cool media with low definition" . professor, whereas the passionate preaching about and tell the mathematician what he should look" . the delicate but horrible difference of Machine the former had . and I am afraid that the conciliation of to to (Norbert Wiener : Cybernetics . p2) . The above Wiener: "Messages are themselves a form of pattern Time and Human Time by Wiener did not bother the art and society will proceed more in the 'art & technology' conception of intermedia brought forth an inter- and organization . Indeed, it is possible to treat sets elegantly cool essayist . Wiener ended with CIO- because the science fact has been . . . since the Hopernicus-affair, science called cybernetics,and the latter pushed the of messages as having an entropy like sets of states Riesman like pessimism of this age,which he created  ,'the first universal religion, shared by Christians,agnostics, electric age (engineering with the technique of of the external world . Just as entropy is a measure largely by himself; but McLuhan,a convinced and Marxists"------and it enjoys a magical prestige in today's strong current) into the electronic age (control and of disorganisation,the information carried by a set catholic, is glaring with Fuller-Cagean optimism . communication using the technique of weak current), messages is a measure of organisation . In fact, world, and fe,.r dare question proposals advanced in its sacred X= of which expdoded as the escalated "Mix Media" in it is possible to interpret the information carried Art history and musicology suffered too long from the name . ( A . Schlesinger in the book review of Marshall McLuhon's "global village" . by a message as essentially the negative of its separation of the unseparable . Technological division entropy and the negative logarithm of its probability . of work, Darwinian (?) conception of development IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE ' 2 . McLuhan's famous phrase "the medium is the That is;the more probable the message,the less (no historian started with Picasso and ended with by H .L. FIEBURG ('Quadrangle Books Inc) ($ 7.99) ) message" also existed implicitly in the science of information it gives . Cliches,forexample, are less Greece), Woe lfflinesque obsession with . style, endless communication since the 1940's . Norbert Wiener illuminating than the great poems . "(Norbert Wiener : peeling of the onion, to find out who influenced whom wrote that the information, in which a message was The human use of human beings . p21) . White noise . . . . .all these toils killed the subject of the study Using all kind of electronic riddles, sent, plays the same role as the information, in which has the maximum quantity of information . before studying . But if all arts merge into one, as still I hope to retain the 'classical scorns of a message is not sent . It sounds almost Cagean . . . . . recent movement of Mix Media shows,then the study artists toward the present society . Cage might say, "a notation,with which music is Mcluhan : "A cartoon is a "low definition" simply of various arts should merge too into one by the playable,plays the same role as the notation,with because very little visual information is provided . qualified investigator, who, if I may simulate Wiener, try be it is why I prefered the 'classical letter wrinting', which music is not playable" . I titled several of The telephone is a cool medium,or one of low is "a specialist in his own field but possesses a my pieces as "playable music",since most of my definition, because the ear is given a meagre amount thoroughly sound and trained acquaintance with the instead of telephone calling . Anyway you have one more musical compositions are not playable . of information . And speech is a cool medium of low fields of his neighbours" . The method of Wiener and freedom , to open and decide to read or not read, definition, because so little is given and so much has McLuhan is instructive for this expanded art study . .rhereupon, you are attacked by phone calls , in your 3 . Another parallel between the two thinkers is the to be filled in by the listener . Hot media ore low in Both McLuhan and Wiener jump around and float may-be un convenient time . simulation or comparison of electronics and physiology . porticipation,and cool media are high in participation over many demarcated zones, that have been off- "(ibid This spits out But still I have to call you today or tomorrow, Wiener's main theme was "control and communication or completion by the audience . .p34i~ . limits for a single scholar . McLuhan in animal AND machine" (note : animal comes first), (audience participation) might have been the first James Reston, AI Kapp, African Village, Finnegan's and please, save time, to call or write to me. which he put as the subtitle of his main work, boit,taken up by Cage . Wake, Korean alphabet in one breath . The almighty "Cybernetics" . He reached to the automatic control genius of Wiener can fly over Bergson, Newton, negation of the nedgation   of the anti-aircraft gun,an earliest model of today's It is illuminating to seek the common denominator Gibbs,Heisenberg,Cantor, von Neumann,Hilbert, huge computer, through the study of feed-backs in running through these parallels .(Mix-media . . the Gestalt, Maxwell, Leibni z, with jet speed . In /yLn 8 0000000 4NUNA C,412 AOC NJII,FAIK TINE 12 .928 NNS OATE G9/IJ/N 7 L7 FAGS Nu 1

'-G N .ra- ; .r)

McLuhan sometimes the quotations are more 'collage' Ray Johnson and Issa than loi§ical demonstration . Pindar's "Kunst and Event as Haiku theatre (George Maciunas) Kunste",Malraux's "Musee Imaginaire",Yoshio

Nomura and BIyth's work can-be valued from this 5) Art and technology N 0 point as tentative classic . But the radical thrust in from electronic music to electronic painting this direction will be .as fruitful as cybernetics (difference and similarity) . W U itself, Seurat and colour TV I E to 0 F possibility of medical electronic as an art I F "II n'est pas de mot qui vienne plus aisement ni plus medium (Lucier-Tenney-Titleboum-Lienou-Poik) s souvent sous lo plume de la critique que la mot possibility of video toperecorder I 0 U 0 F d'influence . n'est Z F It point de notion plus vague various techniques, used in 9 evenings festival E N 0 parmi des notions vagues,qui composent Parmement F various techniques,used in my own electronic I illustoire d'estttetique" . (P Valerie), "American art work, E TV age is not 'influenced' by the African tribal C 0 r~ 0 0 N s age, but both have certain communications and a 6) Computer and Audio-visual arts Ul s L E U rather 'correspondance symbol istique'" . Max Mathews-Jim Tenney-Peter Denes-Micro s N E Noll (Bell Labs) L J Hiller (Illinois) C E F K N 0 Goetz-Max Bense-Xenakis (Europe) 0 O N my own ideas and experiments i LIST DEALING WITH THE RELATIONSHIP -C m U s OF AESTHETICS AND CYBERNETICS 7) Conceptions of TIME 0 N F India-Greece-Bible-Newton-Bergson-Gibbs- i+ Introduction (Norbert Wiener and Marshall Mcluhan) E Hussearl-Heidegger-Sarte-Cage-Wiener- m C U E 4 C Stockhausen (time series) C F U E I) Cage and classics . 0 Cage and Hegel . Cage and Montaigne . Cage 8) Conceptions of NATURE c and Heisenberg . Cage and Stirner . Cage and Jean-Jacques Rousseau-Theodore Rousseau- LL N F Korean pottery . Henri Rousseau -Montaigne-Hindemith-Suzuki 0 F 4 C U U FU U 4 S 0 0 2) Zen and electronics, 9) Theory Chinese . of Confusion in the oldest F historian Ssu-Ma-hen) and the newest ro 3) Aesthetics of boredom, 3 C American historian (Arthur Schlesingm if) F N N a) Oriental tradition . Indian cosmology-passive O C N philosophy of china-space in Sung painting, 10) Is pot on instant Zen? U C E Static court music in Japan and Korea.(Gagaku- U E shijo) - the progression from boring art ritual to II) Communistic interpretation of Laotze U F (from a s art C E (Noh) and to ritual itself (tea) and the North Korean Source book), L N N C s diffusion m into the stylized everyday etiquette N 4 L U (Ogasawaro-riu-Kosugi C 12) Word composition in Finnegan's N C N U Wake and N b) European tradition (Ennui), Baudelaire- chinese characters, c a C N s Chekov-Proust-Wagner-Satie-Yves Klein . 0 0 C c) American tradition u . Gertrude Stein-Hemingway 13) Feldman's notation and Korean medieval v U s E S -Cage-Lamonte Young-Dick Higgins-Fluxus- U U notation, C F S s Jackson MacLow-Bob Morris-Emmgt Williams- " N L 0 E Warhol-Primary Structure . (Including baseball, 14) Theatre of symbolism, 0 life insurance, stockmarket and drug), Sophocles-Allan n Kaprow-Noh-Korean Mudong 3 play, 4) Mini Art and Japan U George Brecht and Basho 15) Non-professionalism in Bunjiinga and Dada, 9 0000000 0000600

This is situation, instead of to parchment phil- EXPANDED EDUCATION as did Thomas Edison himself . should be created . film age, ology . is the biggest wasre of in- negative wonder Needless to say, Jaspars and Heideggar's FOR THE PAPER-LESS SOCIETY resources, we recall how much 2 . 97% of all music written is not printed, structional if own explanations about themselves, which we late-late show movie and Hitler news or printed early enough for contemporary footage of have described above, would be a strong means Nam June Paik, February 1968 Therefore, nothing is more evaluation, performance and study . 97% of reel was filmed . for qualitative and quantitative improvement ------success-proof than to film the im- all electronic music composed is not recorded, urgent and of philosophy education . This technique ap- voices of aging great thinkers of or not recorded early enough for contem- ages and plies also to other humanities and social This report is written during the first in sufficient and sur- porary feed-back . A vastly unfavorable gap today, and yesterday, sciences, in which personality and scholar- three months of my tenure at Stony Brook, on who might pass away any day, exists for the composer, compared to the plus quantity, ship are essentially combined . a Rockefeller grant. The second report will Jaspars, Heideggar, booming pop-op-Kinetic art boom . Even ex- such as Marcel Duchamp, Video tape reading aids can also be follow in May, 1968 . Ortega Y Gasset, Lucasc, perienced concert managers and performers Gabriel Marcel, useful for major philosophy classics in or- Ernst Bloch, Niebuhr, have difficulties getting materials from Toynbee, Radaklishnan, iginal language and English . IBM is making 1 . Instant "Global University" and Russell . The interviewer composers, who are often unreachable, where- puller, Sartre a computer index of painting related to mu- Suppose a girl in Kentucky wants to study qualified philosopher himself and as composers on their part complain of the should be a sic . The same thing could be done, if it is the Japanese Koto instrument, and a graduate at as minimal as possible, so too rare performing chances the camera crew not already underway, about the pictorial ma- U .C .L .A . wants to experiment with certain Per Heideggar can talk as natur- A simple measure would solve the that Jaspars or terial on philosophy, although my idea of vid- sian or Afganistan musical instruments . How Girls" . An NBC or NET- whole problem . An information center for un- ally as "Chelsea eo tape guides to philosophy is far from the would they do this? film technique is not only published electronic music should be created, style expensive mere accumulation of portraits or birth places The mailable television (i .e . video may be harmful for this sub- which would provide a xerox copy, and a tape unnecessary, but etc In my next report I will go deeper into tape) would enable the individual . lessons copy of musical pieces, at the request of ject . point . for colleges, which require this many subjects to be given from any- performers, students, and organizers from all America has 5,000 shortage of over the world . The average 20,000 philosophy teachers . The a whole cTh be grasp- time lapse of es- 4 . Western music as ten qualified teachers of philosophy is acute, be- to thirty years now existing between the . ed as a many faceted dialectic struggle at the junior community college level completion of a piece and the publication of pecially tween TIME (sound) and SPACE (notation and cannot profit much from auto- its score or record could be shortened to This discipline various visual elements) . Therefore the computerized quiz machines . other only two or three days, with a 95% cost re- matic devices or the video tape recorder cannot be "philosophipren" requires impact of duction and an extension of the convenience The supreme act of overestimated in composition (electronic op- involvement of the whole personality . of "being published" to every composer in a total era), musicology (the whole Eitner Lexikon on new information techniques such as the world . Only one librarian with a xerox Therefore video tape for the instant access to all audio devices, loop tech- machine would be needed for this improvement . video tape, film, sources in Montpellier or Manheim) and music printing techniques, light niques, non-linear education . synchronized visual accompaniment medical electronics, brain (notation, 3 . It is a blunder, bordering on a miracle, art, stroboscope, to the sound track on video tape be used for the total the that we have no, or very few, images and wave tansmission should written explanation and, ocassionally, philosophers' messages, and voices of the great thinkers of the recent conveyance of great performer himself) will enrich the study of students' own "phil-° musical past on record, especially as the 16mm talk- and for the stimulation appreciation without disturbing the for the preparation of time . While ie was readily available . For instance we osophieren" and maybe flow, while saving the teacher's non-linear, possibly more the fol- have hardly a record of Hussearl, Freud, a post-McLuhan, the sound of the video tape proceeds, totally involved 22nd cen- on the ac- where to anywhere . For instance, twenty Proust, Joyce, Kandinsky, Berdjaiev, Merlau- iconographic and lowing information can be visible philosophy wants to re- different music students of an American Ponti, Suzuki, Gide, Thomas Mann, Schoen- tury philosophy . If companying video part : which it held for cen- university could study twenty instruments berg, Varese, Bartok, Mondrian, Dilthey, Wit- cover the hegemony a) Medieval music of philosophy proper and mu- of a Gagaku orchestra, which exists only in genstein, Shaw, Valery, Jung, Keynes, Buber - turies, the students source and modern transcription exposed to today's electron- with sounds the Japanese emperor's court, using video even Nietchze and Tolstoy lived well into the should also be sicological problems parallel tape, and then go on a concert tour to Ja- (stylistic analysis and development- e .g . pan dressed in authentic costumes . This plain chant -- Tropus -- Sequnze -- Mot- would be a major cultural shock to the Ja- ettus) and Neumen problems ("The most panese, comparable to that of Admiral Perry . authentic performance of Gregorian chant This technique applies in less spectacular, is no more authentic than the Neo-goth- but more substantial fields . ic church built in the 19th century"- There could be an oxford-Stony Brook Besseler) lecture change, a Yale and Stanislawsky b) Polyphonic music (13th - 17th century) School (Moscow) drama lesson change, a esoteric polyphonic techniques, indi- 32 Tulane-Nairobi dance lesson change, a cated with arrows, etc . Ockeghem's appreciated Yeshiva-Tel Aviv liturgy study change, parts fugue will be properly this way - Berkeley-Stony Brook lecture links, a star- for the first time in history Kunst der lecture cooperative amongst eighty-six also Bach's Choral Vorspielen, New York State university campuses, etc . In Fuga etc . order to evade a complicated foreign ex- c) Classical music anal- change problem, a bartar system of service thematic development, macro-form 0000000 0000000

ysis, interpretational problems, such as much difference as tonal and atonal, much as controverial dynamic, phrasing, Following video Ersatz will enable singing dif- less the average academician . In order to ferent sources, finger, batton, to taste the operatic situation much breathing, students focus the attention of the whole academic com- various stresses on inner parts than now, and to shorten the rehearsal Marquan- more munity drastically to this electronic situa- to, which often escapes untrained by ten to one, which results in the in- ears, time tion, the following events are suggested . etc . frequency of actual performances . creased There are more than dozens of TV sta- e .g . Traviata a) tions in operation in campuses here and 1st film (or video tape) should be made also, most likely, abroad . A contest of everything but Soprano part, and used of student TV stations should be held, for the soprano part rehearsal . which would attract wide attention from 2nd film is made likewise without tenor journalism etc . part and used for the tenor part re- In addition to the student house organ hearsal . b) the student body should use their likewise without baritone paper, 3rd film - for news, commentary, etc . likewise without bass . TV station 4th film - Year Book and gradu- four walls c) In addition to the Film can be projected onto student can make lesson . ation photographs, every g) Event and Action music simultaneous to ease the acting work- a short self introductory speech or act Often there is no way method, which has already proven to make the nota- This on video tape, which would run on TV in tion of field of pop music, applies even music except by recording the able in the student restaurant or main corridor in- whole performance drama . . Stockhausen and Li- more to cessantly . The graduation book can be without Lady Macbeth geti suggested a film of my action music e .g . Macbeth electronic video disc,'if it gets pop- Hamlet an pieces (1959-61) to be used as a score, Hamlet without ular . If we allot half a minute for each which I rejected for a philosophical re- can show 1000 students d) Music of romantic era . student, still we ason . However, for many events music for one day . It means every student By following the proceedings of Leit- (which exists now in every country in (5,000) of Stony Brook can be on screen motiv on video tape, program music can the world) such as Brecht, Chiari, which makes the big public be restored from oblivion . Also text- once a week, Christiansen, Hidalgo, Kosugi, Patter- university as intimate as a New England melody correlation (recent semi-sen- son, Schnebel, Shiomi, Tone, Welin, school . sation in musicology, Professor Georgi- prep Young, viedo tape will be a useful sup- often said that in the big uni- ades' "Schubert Lieder") and the de- d) It is plement for their sketchy instructions . and student body terioration of functional harmony versity the faculty h) Mix Media Music . This old song is e) Seriel and electronic music lack interrelation All opera, and all non European music in the recent Stony Intellectual information concerning the again repeated are mix-media pieces . Video tape is the incident . I urge a simple but total organization of whole parameter, Brook only legitimate way of study, except for solution . Important faculty frequency analysis, and technical in- effective the actual performance, For ethno- the President and formation of electronic sounds . In some members, especially logical music, which broke the bar- TV speeches Stotkhausen, Boulez' music, the Deans, should make regular com- rier of academy since the success of plexity of score makes the simple fol- Ravi Shanker and Folkways Record, video lowing of sound with score very hard, tape exerts maximum power . E .g . the and this "paper music" (in Romeo without Juliet . a good sense) acoustical analysis of pitch and timbre requires the A teenage Ophelia in Neveda can be a co-star paper understanding, since (obertone, formant) transcription . the Pen- Lawrence Olivier's Hamlet via the screen . accurate performance is impossible . tatonic is the invention to f) of 19th cen- whole scheme will be much more ef- Music Graphic tury Europe . This In this other fective, if 3-D Horography is once realised kind of "paper music", sound i) The younger generation is increasingly and notation are far apart so that the im- on the stage . visually inclined with more desire for without one part aginary double play becomes an integral A simple chorus piece the total and instant perception . How exercises and a part of understanding The would help the sight singing . listener would the classic music, including the should know that string quartet without one instrument would - e .g . Tudor pushes the new serious music, fare in the age of the middle cut out the rehearsal time and ease the traf- C key for an apple figure on ELECTRONIC VIDEO RECORDING? Cage's piano concerto, fic jam - slightly . whereas K-E The above experiments, plus more Uto- Welin go under the piano and eat a nut pian research, are preparatory exper- meant for Russians of 1920 for the same symbol . This feticism of 6 . If revolution iments for this big question . electrification ideas is piercing through Pop art, Mini 1960 means skirt and the Fortran block diagram then the revolution in and 5 . Most singing students finish their full mind . . . planet or hold discussions with the student is a stylistic criterion of electronification . . .mind to 20th century college course without playing even once in body and this video recording should culture . Following the score in to planet . the in- the opera which they studied so painstak- be going on day and night at gathering deterministic music is indispensable in ingly . This kind of half study turns them points of students, so that they can the opposite meaning from the determin- into half teachers . Acting in the opera should the also convey their answer to the higher istic music But even McLuhan misuses and mixes up . not be reserved only for the most administrative body . Many universit- talented . words "electric" and "electronic", which have 0000000 0000000

ies have a $lm . TV system, and cur- differences of purchasing power, and the on the basic facts . The universities of be broken down by Mr . Mathew's epoch- rently it is no more than a 'sleeping considerable ox-cart tempo of budgetary offices . Connecticut and Stanford have done making programming--that is, a real-time beauty' . "There were 61 global services in 1965 research in this field (see Note 4) and I sound generation from the light pen on the e) French, German, Italian, Spanish, Rus- fall" (John Cage), and we will have one assume Illinois, Princeton, etc . have also made cathode ray tube score . It can be sian TV should be shown constantly in more now . contributions to music education . Stony applied into Kindergarten to promote their the student gathering places and exper- . It helps g) Last, but not least, I was happy with Brook should adapt this programming creative thinking and to detect their language study (without strain), deepens Richard Hartzell's opinion, that my iment to actual education, which would often global consciousness, (again the in- electronic color TV experiments have in- lead to the discovery of better solutions . But stant global university), and helps the structional resource value . sometimes the best use of the computer is no study of journalism, time will political science, Dozens of playabilities can be assembled to use of the computer, since computer arts, economics, etc . TBS (Japan) sta- a console and can be distributed to Kinder- remain expensive, and a computer is not por- tion had a bi-lingual broadcasting sys- garten or elementary schools . Its educational table, and standardization of computers and tem and we are making an enquiry about effects : programming is of the remote future . There- the present state of this experiment . 1) Children are exposed to electronic situa- fore, purely electronic solutions would be This makes English speaking people un- tions very early . viable for certain simple purposes, al- derstand one of the major TV stations of 2) My electronic TV shows various basic though research and experiment in computers Japan . Another idea is to intercept Chi- facts of physics and electronics con- should have priority, for many higher reasons . nese Television in Macao or Hong Kong if cretely, such as amplitude modulation, a) For automatic pitch detector for possible . The copyright problem could be radar, various scanning, cathode ray, solfeggio, or absolute pitch training, undercut if we concentrate on commercials shadow mask tube, ossiro scope, ohm's combination of bandpass filters and/or etc . law, obertone, magnetic character, etc . R-C resonance circuit will be sufficient . f) I asked for the catalogue of educational film about music at Stony Brook, Lincoln talent earlier . A free composition class, Center Library, Columbia Teachers' Col free drawing class, can be tried lege . The result was very poor . I was like a from a very early age, since this machine in several TV programs here and abroad, lets the kids record their composition which are all unretraceable now, in la- before even studying the notation . It byrinth . I recall seeing several good should also be tried at mentally retarded music programs, which have high instruc- children's schools and asylums for the tional content, which are all lost in insane . the deep sea of TV stations . An inter- 1) composition means a new way for self- national catalogue of educational film expression, which results in a relief of and video tape at least, on music, art tension and favorable psycho-therapy . and philosophy, should be made, or ac- 2) it provides valuable data for many cellerated if in progress . Also a sav- sciences (biology, psychology, medical age action should be conducted on the electronics, and brain research) . remaining news reel of film including 3) maybe we could find a man, who is as 8mm amateur film fragments of recently crazy as Gogh, but as genial as Gogh . (A passed great thinkers, such as Schweit- and it is a very pleasant way to Automatic frequency control can show the mentally retarded kid in Japan is educated zer, Buber, Shaw, Camus, Suzuki etc ., learn these important facts . deviation of intervals and pitches on a and promoted to a prominent painter . . . before it gets too late . 3) It gives the possibilities of elec- magic eye . (Jim Tenney and J-C Risset's Yamashita Kioyshi . Internal and international exchange tronic drawing . It is better than the technical advice should be noted on this e) Mike Noll (Bell Labs) last month com- promotes efficiency, through the di- light pen because my way is multi point, as well as general advice of Jim pleted a 3-D figuration using the light vision of work, and the elemination of colored and it provides much inter- Tenny in all fields concerning computer- pen, cathode ray tube, and medium-sized double work, which constitutes a main action with the air program . aided music and art .) computer . It can be useful for experi- point of McNamara's new operational 4) Since my color TV is the b) A combination of punch card and unusual, un- mental art classes, maybe for sculpture philosophy . (See Note 3) . McNamara's orthodox application of an every specially wired key board can become a day class, and drawing courses for engineer- method promises a successful application commodity, this stimulates the kids for teaching machine of general bass exercise, ing students and the teaching of solid in the coordination of all more original, less score sight play exercises, etc . Instructional prejudiced thinking . geometry . Both Mathew's and Noll's pro- Resources Centers in the New York State An attachment for 10 possibilities can c) Jim Tenney suggested that whole harmony be grams are adaptable to the present fac- University, because surely they have many manufactured for from $200-300 . The cheapest and counterpoint courses can be put on ility of Stony Brook IRC . I personally duplications . As businessman's 18" color TV set costs $244 video tape with computerized answers . He capital retail, which feel that high level applications like should turn over as fast as possible, would sell wholesale for about is also trying to introduce electronics so $180 . The Noll's or Mathew's programming would be academic resources should turn over as total cost would be in the range and computer programming to music and art of $500 . more valuable, since it means the augmen- fast as possible . schools as part of the regular curriculum . tation of new knowledge, and creation of An academic currency system 7 . Elementary music d) Mr . Mathew's (Bell Labs) music console (say, one education is a fertile new art, whereas low level applications, Newton equals 5 skilled manpower domain for the program : Everyone writes a poem or draws hours) computer assisted instruction, such as sight-singing, or ear-training is can be created in order to undercut since it employs simple numbers, simple a picture, but few dare to compose music . the rules just a money saving in teaching yester- barrier of foreign currency control and with few exceptions, and little controversy This mysterious psychological barrier can

to date . It is valued very highly among day's music . From a national point of answer? Just at this point the high flying professionals . view, the former would draw much more imagination of the avant guarde artist should favorable attraction to Stony Brook . be mobilized and put to work, as Allan Kaprow 11 . New Use of Slide or Video Tape . is preaching, and has been for the last five The feeling of environment and inner 8 . There is often a complaint made that a big years, to stone ears . Significantly enough, space is not conveyable through books or movies, microphone class kills the personality of the the president of Xerox announced a parallel but many medium to small sized monuments teacher, but this technique can be used in opinion (see Note 6) . According to Mr . (smaller gothic church, Egyptian cave in Luxor, such a way that it not only amplifies the voice McColough, 70% of computer business and profit Stone garden of Ryo-anji Kyoto, even Sistine of the teacher, but also amplifies his whole was made in the hardward section, (that is, Chapel) are smaller than a big pool or gym . personality . John Brockman Associates Inc . the Central Processing Unit) in the past dec- Through the multi-projection of color slides on and USCG used mised media techniques in the ade . But in the coming decade this proportion four walls abd ceiling the authentic fel promotion of Scott Paper Company, with great will be reversed, and 70% of the profit will be success . It should also be tried in educa- made in the so-called peripheral unit (input- Through the multi-projection of color slides on tion . output unit), in which Xerox will be more com- four walls and ceiling the authentic feeling petitive with IBM . The artist is the pro- of these monuments is much better reproduced 9 . How to prevent a slum kid, who would fessional manipulator of mind, and we should show for $1, (a saving of 50 :1 compared than by other traditional means . For instance, knock down even a teacher, from breaking an add our surplus imagination for this project . to new tape)--10,000 hours of tape of in the case of, say Chartres, or the Stony expensive teaching console? Medical electronic devices to wake up, strobo- 1960's TV programs will be very valuable Garden of Kyota, the gradually but constantly The live teacher is a combination of slight, direct cinfluence of brain wave, wind- for the future . The supply of used com- changing hues of colored windows or stone scholar (that is : data storage and data pro- light-tactile (see Note 7) devices, certain puter tape in Canal Street has dried up, according to the time of day and the weather cessing unit) and personality (that is : a noise-refrigerator devices, etc . can be added, but an arrangement could be made between highly versatile input-output unit) . Present- plus an electro sleep generator, to put a a big corporation and a university, since ly the main job of Computer Assisted Instruc- hopelessly sleeping girl to sound sleep . every month much surplus and used tape is tion is concentrating on the programming of Serge Boutourline, of Inter-Action Inc ., is put out of service from the computer . central processing units . But if Computer esperimenting with several interesting devices This cheap video recording possibility Assisted Instruction proves to be economical in this Input-Output problem . Even a robot will also make the recording of on and off and if it were to be spread to mass education, should be considered for first and second campus scenes easily executable . (which actually is the main goal of all en- grade children . b) Audio tape library . deavour), then how would the console replace I assume some institution is recording the stimulation, attraction, reproach and 10 . In the age of information, the library of important radio stations, such as WBAI, praise of a teacher's personality, especially the university will become, if this rude Pacific Radio, WNYC, etc . If not, Stony to small children and unmotivated and less parallel is allowed, as active as the Central Brook should record these important doc- priviledged kids from bad neighborhoods? In Intelligence Agency in America . Therefore, uments of this century . In fact, Stony the practical application stage of CAI, this besides the above mentioned Jaspers-Heideggar Brook can record ALL the panel discussions so-called peripheral unit (input-output unit, films etc ., the following archive is suggested : in radio, TV station, etc . It can be equivalent to teacher's personality) will be- a) I found that used computer tape (half done cheaply . inch) is useable on a Sony video tape c) Allan Bryant is a Princeton educated recorder . Despite considerable loss in musician, who calls himself a full-time on slides might give more information about video and audio, it is still functionable music collector and part-time composer . the artistic content than a hasty trip with a as a documentary and studying aid, This ex-patriot has been recording on noisy guide, especially when the sound of the although it is far below the level of tape many broadcasts of New Music on original church chorus, etc ., is played . artistic and entertainment use . Anyway, German and Italian radio stations since Perhaps we could even reproduce the whole this enables one to record a one hour TV 1959 . He has some valuable world pre- Acropolis in the soccer field . This project mieres and rare performances but I do not has considerable technical difficulties but a know the present state of his collection . company like the Disney Corporation could Although it has defects, it is still construct it with tents and travel around var- valuable already and certainly will be ious college campuses . valuable in the future . Perhaps Stony Slide-audio combinations (or video tape) Brook could buy this collection and A famous art work with various comments by encourage him further, financially, to many classical art historians, such as record more new music in a more pro- Vassari-Stendhal, Goethe, Winkelman, Ruskin, fessional way . I reserve my final opinion Pater, Woelflin, Dvorsak;, Worringer, Berenson, . come actually as important as the so-called until I see Bryant's collection in Rome Weidle, Sedlmayr central processing unit . Who wakes up a this summer . It is amateurish, since he Some literary works which are concretely drowsy girl, and who protects the frustrated did it for his own fun . related to certain places or scenery can be students kid from breaking the high vacuum cathode ray d) Heinz Sohm, a dentist in Stuttgart, has a recorded on video tape . In that way tube, and who soothes the intellectual scep- most comprehensive and highly professional can experience a literary stroll with the ticism which does not agree with the computer's European Avant Guarde Archive, from 1960 guide of genial description, learning a for-

0000000 0000000 eign language, e .g . Goethe's Italianische academic field, and avant guarde-think-tank Reise, Gide's Conge, Thomas Mann's magic should be mobilized to vitalize the often too mountain, Sartre's Bourge as a model city of cautious academic community . He was conscious nausee, and Proust's French scenes, Basho's that the technology-gap existing in American Okuno Hosomichi, etc . art and education is combined, necessarily, with the management-gap, as .a prominent . As a 12 citizen of Korea, a minority nation European researcher pointed out about European in the minority continent, therefore industry . Kaprow's far-sight to modulate the necessarily a cynical observer, who picked up avant guarde invention into the "outer space" three Western and three Eastern languages innovation should not be blocked any longer by during 18 years of wandering from Hong Kong bureaucratic red tape . via Cairo to Reykjavek, I am particularly sen- sitive about the East-West problem . Reis- "was vernunftig ist, das ist wirklich, and chauer (former Ambassador for America to Japan) was wirklich ist, das ist vernunftig" (Hegel) called for sweeping renewal of curricula on this subject, from elementary schools on, and "What is most educational is most surely East-West communication is the biggest aesthetic, and what is most aesthetic is most task of communications research . A professor educational ." (Paik) in Kyoto University wrote "If West knows about East only one-tenth of what East knows about West, there will be no war" . The ambiguity of a Chinese poem and philo-

sophy is better explained on video tape than L L by any other means . Reflex pondering and rich association of mental process, and calli- 3 graphical content and style, original mandarine m Z sound on soundtrack, etc . convey the many parameters of a Chinese poem much better than 0 the current way of printing . This technique J also applies to ambiguous French poems of 0 Mallarme, Valery, etc ., including original c French reading . c0 m 80% of the family planning job in India m is the publicity job, for which artists are best talented . The only way to reach an m Indian villager is through mix-media language, 0 which is the avant guarde artist's own lan- guage . Meanwhile a first class Ad-man would L never go to India to live and probably third Q class talents are getting paid in India at U first class rates and are doing third rate jobs . Bizarre vision, unorthodox approach, rich U imagination, and, most important, a geniune N love of India and a will to study and admire NAM JUNE PAR W Indian culture--these make the artist a qualified publicity worker for family planning, r and probably more talent for this work will c be gathered among artists than among any other group . A small experiment could be initiated rt in this direction . Z E 13 . Research 0 and Development, Operations L Research, Cost Efficiency . All these managerial propellers of post- war industry are virtually unknown in art and the interrelation of art and education . Allan Kaprow has been preaching since 1964 that pure research should be propelled in art and art education like it is in any other eOdLEPNBpNINO,Lio. nWwnmSxn4xewvaMn.x .Y . m 0000000 0000000

a picturephone call to his beloved wife in New York, in their the current stage of the art and v teelutology boom? East Side brownstone house. They talk to each other, a bit Paik : If revolution meant electrification for the Russians of of escalation, and kiss through the picture, a bit of escalation, 1920 ; and for the Americans of 1940, wall-to-wall carpeting; they try to hug through the picture, in vain, frustration and then revolution in 1960 means clectronificatien, from mind to a bit more escalation . Then maybe a daring wife might talk mind and from planet to planet . to her husband topless, perhaps that's still okay. But even MCLuhan misuses and mixes up the words "elec- But what happens if there is a professional good-night an- tric" and "electronic," which have as much difference as tonal swering service, which has a staff of buxomy blondes, doing and atonal . In the electronic trade jargon, n-e distinguish picturephone answering service? How will this affect the whole roughly two sorts of processes : (1) peripheral units, that is, Park Avenue call-girl business? And what if micro-boppers various input-output Nam June Paik's recent color TV work . Nam June Paik in his studio . units and gate circuits : and (2) central get that telephone number? I urge, as a responsible citizen, processing units, that. is, the various data-storage and data- that a special committee be set up in Congress for this fur- processing units, which have some similarity with organic ther attack on morality . John Cage expressed similar concern unity, the annual and human machines . Many art works rising already a fee years ago. electronics up to now have been in the first stage. Whether Y, si'Irtt do you think of the urging of J.J . Akc-ton m y0U use, r capacitor switch, { photo-cell witch or wireless the ,in Fe-h rwa" rc Arts mag,uinc for art and business coil nbora- control, it t still the peripheral unit and doe, not reach the Art tron' central processing unit . Data Processing i the superior and Technology of Nam June Paik Paik . .Yec, I urge that the top 500 btmneases create an meaning Some of my color TV works which I will shoo at my "artist in residence" position to adcisc in marketing, adver- forthcoming Bonino show will have this kind of data process- tisement and the research of new products on the top level, ing unit, because they have some diseontrol elements among By JUD YALKUT so that their unorthodox, fresh sense can vitalize a bin corpo- the three constituents, the creator-artwork-and-viewer . They ration hierarchy. For example, John Cage as artist in residence are moving independently, that is, affecting each other, but not When John Cage saw the electronic TV experiments of Nam Nirvana, tricolor hara-kiri, etc. I think it will be the biggest of IBM., Allan Iiaprow in the Chase Manhattan Bank, determining each other. June Paik in 1965, he said : "1 always thought that someone invention since the electric knife. Afar'- Baunteister in Helena Rubinstein, Christo in the United I also envisage the day- alien the collaboration of artist and would do this . The next step will be pocket-sized videotape J.Y. : As a communcation specialist, what role do you en- Packing Company, Otto Piene in Polaroid, LSCO in General engineer will progress into the unification of artist and engineer recorders ." vision for the artist? Motors, Sam June Paik in the Something Else Concern. . . . into one person . According to me past experience, the best Born in Seoul, Korea, in 1992, educated in Tokyo, Munich Paik : Eighty per cent of the family planning job in India J.Y . : Whom do you recommend to Dow Chemical? results were achieved through accident and error. As you see, and Cologne, and having worked the : in Studio for Electronic is the publicity job, for which artists are best talented . The Pail Franz Schubert . the transistor was discovered by accident . This means that the Music of Radio Cologne, Peak- first showed his electronically only way to reach an Indian villager is through the mixed- J.Y .: Now even Ray Johnson is going out with a petite present computer age was the product of chance to a high de- and magnetically altered television "light machines" at the media language, which is the avant-garde artist's own lan- computeress. IVhnt have been your results with the computer gree . Therefore, if I give ,rn order to an engineer, and if I Galerie Parnass to Wuppertal, Germany. In itches? November and guage. Meanwhile, a first-class ad man would never go to don't go through all the experiments myself (that is, the com- December of 1965, his television work was shown in New India to live, and probably third-class talents are getting paid Pail, : 11nx Afatthews of Bell Labs has quoted John Cage, plicated process of trial and error), I will lose all these precious York at the Galeria Bonino, along with his 20-channel radio- in India at first-class rates and are doing third-class jobs . who said that if you are surprised with the result, then the errors, I will only get what I want, and miss all the disap- control Robot-K466, now has resident in Stockholm. 1 interviewed Bizarre vision, unorthodox approach, rich imagination and, machine composed the piece. If you are not surprised, then pointnnmnt and surprises. I have found that the by-product is Nam June Paik recently in New York . most importantly, a genuine love for India and a will to study you hate composed it . I found out, however, that no matter often more valuable than the first envisioned aim . how and admire Indian culture-all these make the artist a quali- genial a computer might be, "he" has no common sense. And, to look back to the classics, Leonardo's scientific study J.Y . : John Gruen has referred to you as "the embodiment fied publicity worker for family planning, and probably more For example, instead of just saying "Walk," you have to of perspectives was inseparable from his artistic achievement, of the Combine Generation compulsion to be latter-day Ren- talent for this work will be gathered among artists than any break it dowry tc logical. steps, that is, give the weight to the Chopin's and Debussy's piano virtuosity was inseparable aissance man of the arts" by being at once a kinetic sculptor, other group. left half of your body, give strength to the muscles below from their compositional imagination. Although the piano has a composer, a film-maker, an actor, and a theoretician . What J.Y .: What is your contribution to the C.I .A .? the knee, put the energy to the vector pointing to the sky, only 88 keys, now we have, in color TV, 12 million dots per new roles have you assimilated? Peak : A great deal . (A) Most of my electronic TV work is making 90 degrees to the earth, move the vector to 160 degrees second, which I have somehow to control for my work . It is Paik : I am the greatest Haiku poet .of all periods since a scanning variation. I think I have more scientific data on to the earth, give the energy to the leg in the direction of the like composing a piano concerto using a piano equipped with 1967, and it is scientifically provable . 111'= is a magic number . the scanning pattern than any lab on earth, and this is some- earth, using also universal gravitation, stop the movement as 12 million keys . How can you deal with that vast quantity of Haiku poems consist of 17 syllables and there are no more thing for the C.I .A. For example, if the Republic of Tanga- soon as the distance between your leg and the earth comes to possibility without the painstaking study of your materials than III syllables in the Japanese language, therefore ill' zero, repent nyika sent their moon ship to the moon and wanted to the above process for your right leg, the right leg and instruments? is the total possibility of all Haiku poems including the best send their picture back to earth in a way that the Republics meaning your leg on the right side of your body, then repeat J,1' . : Besides your latest color Ti' work, what other elements and the worst. When I let the computer write out all the entire will Bonino Gallery show opening mid-April? these of Uganda or Katanga could not see its content, then they process 100 times. constitute your in possibilities, which is pretty easy, thereafter no one can write could scramble the picture according to one of my 1,000 scan- I decided to title all my computer pieces in French, to Paik : One element will be electronic antique art. I am using any more Haiku poems. Whatever they might protest write, how- ning patterns and send it back to earth. In this way, the the lack of common sense in the computer . Verlaine some first-class Japanese art works and combining them with ever they might sweat, the result will be one of my Haiku power balance in Africa would be stable forever. (B) The wrote: "It rains in my heart, as it rains in the city." I say: new electric media, without harming the original antique work . poems. The best Haiku poet from now "It on will be at best use of the "synthetic face" for police identification and beauty rains in my computer, as it rains in my heart'="Il plait Thus the hmer is sure to own at least one authentic and se- the editor of my poems. surgery will enable us to construct any kind of face on a TV daps non computeur" will be my first piece. It is the mix of cure imestrnent, even if -Nato June Paik is completely forgot- J.Y . : And what about your views on the possibilities of screen, e.g ., a suspect who has the long contour of John Wayne, real rain and simulated rain in the computer . AIy second piece ten by the vear 2000 ; and if my reputation does survive till LASER? will be called "La Computeur will then own two authentic work ". If is a g:ane the melancholy eyes of James Mason plus Chou En-Lai, half- sentimentale ." and the third diem, tnev Paik : In 1965, Billy Mover asked the question : "If you bald as Yul Brynner, oriental flat nose, but with the sensual piece, "Aimez-vows FORTRAN-programming"' in which the brn-er ueycr loses. could have unlimited money to use technical The more means for artis- mouth of, say, Oscar Wilde and wearing glasses like James it deals with the character of randomness and One more new idea is the collaboration of nco :rrti

Video tape recorder, 27x16" Shadow-mask color television screen, stereo tape recorder and amplifier, 35 x 25"

1968 . McLuhan Caged, From "Machine Show," Museum oF Modern Art, New York,

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m 1968/69, "1 tried to apply communications theory to the sharper mirror, or a better radar for Americans than a I East-West communications problems . I wrote this at the comprehensive co anthology of Japanese writings on this country__ tD height of the Vietnam War, and as m an Asian, I thought, I from Prime Minister to prostitute, from the time of Admiral could supply some insight which would escape the attention Perry to Neil Armstrong, but especially centered on the time Dear pr . Lloyd ; of American Journalists . Here are excerpts from that un- of fateful confrontation, World War II and the . U .S occupa- Thank you for : ,our . is :. great pleasure finished work ." tion? letter It The U .S . has shocked and soothed, scared and educated, of a chef, to be praised by a grend gourmet . a [lied and ambushed, helped and snubbed, flattered and But by far more s :gnificnnt is that atlast J . Grew, a U .S . ambassador flat- to Japan, wrote in the tened, cho-cho-Loved and atom-bombed, contempted and \y-eerlong t 1940's as : I fulfilled /momiae to hou thet I world compose' first geertF- follows "Now I ask you to give special thought competed, admired and assimilated, pacified, hippFied to the Chinese--our and stand3u~~ leading Allies in the Pacific . ., no reverse pop-arted her strangest bed-fellow, Japan . Accordingly Il electronic Opera", which can well i d ;his great tradition . on the field of battld could quench their n indomitable spirit, Japanese responses have reached the outer-limit of extensive December I aamm went up to Boston's ' on t>>~ invitation no seas of disaster were too deep Lest .JGBH-T,' for them to pass through and intensive stresses, which has made the complex image unbroken, no destruction of of PBL . I worked only three hours,, and got the result which by fire and bomb could subdue or the U .S . bare and stripped, through making Japan's own weaken their determination self to survive . . .such nations, such bare and stripped . On a global scale Socrates' dialectic is would dwarf any of of my work in the past . "BL waz so happy that people, and such leaders cannot be defeated . . . . Once endorsed by electronic technology, they world make three pieces out of one . I hope to play it to militant Japan is out of the picture, there should remain no threat since very delicate colors on this tape would of further war in the Pacific area . Japan is the one "American failures in Vietnam have been, essentially, you on a studio, enemy and only enemy, of the NIt peaceful peoples whose shores failures in communication and understanding,' never be received properly a fsr the home TP set, I think, overlook the Pacific ocean .  (once the war is over) the --Don Luce (former director of the Interna a great part of eolot TV will become to "mood-art", as a great share of the Chinese in the new Pacific is bound to be a tional Voluntary great Service in Vietnam, with a one ." ( Report from Tokyo , pp, 68-69) [0 year service record), Vietnam : Unheard part of radio has become to "mood-music" from the semantic E .0, Reischauer, another U .S . ambassador to Japan, Voice (Cornet University Press) . entertainment, said in the t960's, Howard Wise Gallery is planning e major show [an Fleming wrote in Goldfinger , "Koreans eat cat!" What a celled "TV as art medium with about seven artists . I feel it like Speaking to the Tokyo press, Rei- slander---- Schauer described Mao's mainland as we eat only dog . e personal trulmplt . This and other immediate commitments are slowing "fundamentally a weak and backward Labs, but the programming for the sea country," contended that Peking's real down my computer work at Bell power is too often exaggerated . and third movie is at least proceeding in my head . f~u~ ll.a g "Natural Partners.' 1,-t2rgtrtTtlersispa3domaoAudat d geh4onf-.c~M~te' and color TV In the long run, Reischauer sug- a gested, relations between the US. and mat? sc>reen, -- wklcb. .wpuld aaaSs Japan, despite "cultural differences," n may some day be as intimate as those anyway I hope to see you some time between the U.S. and Britain. As "the N only two great industrial nations facing u in next month . the Pacific side of the world" the U.S . and Japan are "natural and essential partners." F

This reminds me-of a famous Koan from Bi-yan-lu . Two monks are quarreling by a flying mast . The first says, "The wind is moving the flag," The second says, "The flag is moving the wind ." A third monk passing by yells, "Your mind is moving ." Who is the third fellow, who would yell to these old men, "Your mind is moving"? It is not pure chance that de TocqueviLle, a French traveler to America, and Ruth Benedict, an American traveler to Japan, have had more penetrating insights into both host lands than the hosts had of themselves . Both used the principle of radar scanning, two-way communication . Needless to say, communication always means two-way communication . One-way communication is a dictate, Bekanntmachung and Verboten . And what would make a 0 rv Z

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r Q PARTICIPATION TV 0 by Nam June Palk 01 rv E H o Which comprises 3 or 4 color TV sets which show 01 multi-color echoes, or fog, or clouds which are electronically produced . Sometimes you can see yourself floating in air, dissolving E in deep water . a a e, m o w TV BRA FOR LIVING SCULPTURE n Z i NAM JUNE PAIK-CHARLOTTE MOORMAN E a In this 0 case, the sound of the cello she plays will change, modulate, regenerate the picture r _ on her TV-BRA . Q Q mo "The real issue implied in 'Art and Technology' is not to make another scientific w a how to toy, but o r humanize the technology and the electronic medium, which is progressing rapidly- o ~, too rapidly. Progress has already outstripped ability to program . I would suggest `Silent TV Q a a Station .' This is TV station for rv0 ~ highbrows, which transmits most of time only beautiful 'mood r') m art' in the sense of 'mood music .' What I am aiming at is TV version of Vivaldi . . . tronic or elec- 'Compoz,' to soothe every hysteric woman through air, and to calm down the nervous tension of every businessman vi o ~' through air . In that way 'Light Art' will become a permanent oz asset or even collection of Million people . SILENT < v - TV Station will simply be `there,' not Vl a intruding on other activities . . . and being looked at exactly like a landscape . . . or beautiful Z O bathing nude of Renoir, and in that case, everybody enjoys the 3 'original' . . . and not a o reproduction . . . Z ''TV Brassiere for Living Sculpture _ Z E n (Charlotte Moorman) is also one sharp example to 0 humanize electronics . . . and technology . By using TV as brn . . . the most intimate belonging Z Z gv of human being, we will demonstrate the human use of technology, and also stimulate viewers LLJ NOT v for something mean but stimulate their phantasy to look for the new, imaginative and a humanistic ways of using our technology.' 0 0 = ~s ro U w N- June Poik

1968-70 . "The following essay was originalty written for This argument is settled for good . Tolstoy spent 20 pages For the description of Anna Karenina the catalogue of "Machine Show" at the Museum of Modern TV commercials have all three . and Flaubert 30 pages for Madame Bovary . . . . Art in New York, and was later broadened ." What they needed was simply a Polaroid camera .

How to de-educate the educational TV ??? From Marx to Spengler, from Tolstoy to Tockeville, not a Who will benifit most in the coming picture phone age? single prophet of the recent past predicted the greatest Defense industry? problem of today . . . .  .  parking . Call girl system?? Someday there will be a TV commercial of a pill, which Video Baby Sitter, Inc .? does nothing . (The Atlantic Monthly) Anyway there will be many topless answering services . Vietnam war is the first war fought by computer and the first war lost by American . At least one silent TV station! ! If you cannot stop the development of electronics (1929 Now) TV sound annoys me more than TV picture . you cannot stop the development of nudity (Paradise Now) . One follows the other, as moon follows the sun . Niechtsze said hundred years ago ...... God is dead ." I say now "Paper is dead . . . . .except for toilet paper ." If Joyce lived today, surely he would have written his Are we living at 459 West 25th Street, or 33 Avenue C, Finnegan's or after Wake on video tape, because of the vast possi- 69 East 69th Street ??? Seven billion dollar beauty business ...... what comes bility for manipulation in magnetic information storage . or body-painting ?????? . . . . .body hair dyeing . are we living in Channel 2 & 4 & 7 and sometimes 13 ???? Guys will wonder more about girls standing in the subway in front of him ...... Does she? Does not she?" I would rather live in Channel Paris, Channel Moscow, TV is as mass media as Sex . Channel Hong Kong and Channel Tel Aviv . . . constantly . . . . Before Kinsey beautiful lady used towhisper to her neigh- Don't go honey noon to moon . bour, "My husband plays only one piece on piano . . . and al- ways with one finger. . ." Kinsey wiped out this frustration Huntley-Brinklewitch ; ; ; ...... (Russet Connor) and made the heresy to the authodoxy . TV-culture is in the pre-Kinsey stage at this moment . As wife was just a sex- Wall to wall carpet ...... 1940 . machine for her husband (before), public is just the Pav Wall to wall TV ...... 1970 . lovan dog for the It is a reality through laser-TV and solid- network (presently) . The infinite poten- Every great tials of TV, such as : idea started in the mimeograph machine . state thin picture "tube ." TV without a box two-way communication, audience Every great poet started in the participation, "electronic democracy little magazine . is no longer TV, but a "video environment ." through instant refer- But if the TV production costs stay as prohibitively high endum" (John Cage) . . . . is by far ignored or delicately as suppressed . today, TV will be the most repressive medium ever in- vented by mankind since Hierograph and parchment . "Venice is the most advanced city of the world . . . it has al- ready abolished the automobiles ." (John Cage, in 1958 Radio Free Europe is interesting and informative, but the Italian TV interview .) noise, which jams that station is also interesting and in- Choice is ...... not a commercial TV or public TV . formative ...... enjoy both . but Jam your TV station and make it "Radio Free America ." relevant information in bad technique or Everyn Wood Rapid Reading Institute : irrelevant information in good technique . . . 47 times faster reading speed (Money back guarantee) . Can you watch 30 minutes Huntley Brinkley "If movie is done technically bad ...... I know, it is true . ABC + BBC - NBC x PBC = in 6 minutes 22 .8 seconds?? + sorry If movie is done technically good . . . . . I know, it is a lie ." lCage --Norman Bauman (1968)

Nobel Prize in literature (2002 A .D .) Socrates bemoaned before death: "I wish 1 had seen A video roman, which was directly recorded "I Am Curious (Yellow) ." Marshall McBird says ...... Wind is moving the flag ." and multiplified on a video display unit and "! Am Furious (Green) ." (Nam June Paik) Marshall McButterfly says . . ."Flag is moving the wind ." written by a novelist, who has not published Marshall McLuhan says . . . . "Your mind is moving ." a single book . . . . hard cover or soft cover . . . . If there is still something called Nobel Prize in 2002 .

Plato thought the word, or the conceptual, expresses the P .S . This essay is dedicated to the inventor of the paper deepest thing . There is about _100 :1 price difference between seven color St . Augustine plate . English correction is Carlene Lindgren . Someday thought the sound, or the audible, expresses offset printing and simple typesetting . But this 100 :1 ratio the deepest thing . Walter Cronkite will come on the screen and say only one will be reduced to 1 :1 in the video book device . and leave: "There is nothing new under the sun . Good Spinoza thought the vision, or the visible, expresses the word deepest thing . night, Chet! !" . . . .29 minutes of blank and silence ...... n. 0 L L 0 0 O N E 0 + + C ._ N L 0 L o. y ._ L N E 0 - c + 0 ._ + + 0 m . L fo -~ N 0 a 0 - L L UN L D 0 N U .. 0 E 0 , 0 L VI Y .F 0 D 0 ._ L tT C X O C C .'7 C UI U 0 0 L 0 N L f0 7 L- O O r0 0 . UO L O + L C O1 L L N 0 ._ L 0 >~ N CI 0 '- 0 0 +- a UI C ^E U 0 0 c D 3 4- C m 0 L + f0 3 ._ _ } ._ c + U c C 7 0 O+ N C 0 N "> + " Oc 4-00 U EO E c "- c L0 +L 0 + (o fo - 0 L 7 0 ._ t O " E a 0 + L 0 0 c N U 0 0 N E 0 0 "- L Ln 01 t 0 V) c c L Y L 0 m C D C 0 a .~0 E 4-L + 0 7 0 C ._ 0 ._ D 0 (0 D L + 0 0 0 + - N C 7 C) >. L c -+ N N N U) N 3 U N 0 4- 0 L+ N 7 0 0 7 C + C t 0 0 0 0 _ 0 c 0 Ln C D Y Y y y T O O fo WO 0 D 0 N 0 L L L L , f7, 0 L 4- 0 L o L D f0 N 0 Y . 0 O L - f0 0+ N 7 _N -0N m o NE O E E E E 0 > m L ._ rJ ro VI 111 O N TD N ._ 0 "" 00 Q0c + N " 0 " CO 0 _Y L CI + "- 0 m f0 - L N 0 CD O C. 0 fJ 3 C 3 0 0 7 iD L U - c 7+ ^E L CO E tr 0 E c m - 3-L0N v 000 ^ .c E 0 0 Y 0 f0 0 a - 0 0 o mPI ._ L 0 "" _ w 0 0 0 L _ .,0> "- 0 >^ Ic U " U U 0 > + E E+ + C ._ X L E , 00 - L m E E c + 0 0 Y Ln Cl 0 0 T UI O 0 c 0 N U ND 3Y + L -C >. L Ln L L 7 9 > 3 O +L N+ N 0 C - 0 C 0 C 0 0 !0 a m 111 to . -. 0 N C 4- 7 0 _0 >. 0 '-1Y L(D C 0 t0 - ill L 0 C L C +- L UI In C 0 0 0 0 m 0 U E 0 ._"a 0 m L "~ --~ a N ca >N0D o cam+ a U N 0 - c 0 0 c 0 O c D 10 fD - f0 iD L' c L 0 0 0 L L L 0 4- 3 N W +'o -C c +

1969 . Publi hed at Katendar169, DQsseldorf, Germany.

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Sherry 6$364 V-9- #*e1AeA tv-yvv

Martini Whiskey Sour

Bour o -,-_Scotch Canacrta t

Selected French Red or White Wines ~-- *A.~ka#4xbA U27IvA~7FttilaY94A74v

French Champagne

Selected PremiiMrBeer #itItAX-44 axme- .~ (~v-c-)

Cigarettes - Assorted Brands 4-4Z44-3g vov^r F (dpi')

Cocktails and Liquors $ .50 Wines $ .25 174 V

Beer and Cigarettes $ .30 Champagne (Split) $1.00 ;4### e-titvovv r #4( *'i ) vtv-v 0"ey)

PAN AM OFFERS YOU A CHOICE .J

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Breast of Chickeit Hongroise V -tk Buttered Garden Vegetables

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ORIGINAL SIGNAL SOURCES "'TAGS ONE (Electron c r .rt: .1,Snn .- e black a wh".- rr,nitors -gith Collnwin( 7L ^cen!iing vaeiatinn- , MonStnr 1 (onnble ":wk-wit Y. k aLrnl L.,n< . . . f" rL

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circular notion distortion. thr !av t "r. . l.rind oemera,or water on the r_r an) vldeo to r , or T6 eb teect -t6 !etOT, O modification h nLph av =.lld ,. or, (tu liquidity of 1 : "id" o t ;art cr b l~t>° ("ar. shr .crnn'nG, or color) ..°.uch partly con, . . cr s .-r) quick silver t, ., r°core,- thre (110 ",vidth control of vevtical -tal can_t~ '.nL,)

ammo) ~a1^ " ~rii-o ta?e~acordcr tY!o s~-t up on the wares, ,vi,c : a^ : l Cdit n -0 ebv" o moved by mnto ; e -rear, t.^ ac-c rrrm r 1 . l,ir _d with F- c- "c=table certain Pattern ", or vibretaC, ;vrren~"nt -Lo, ts, end "",vcrII D/C and A/C controll?C rlectro-r!aEnet;:, f;1-o ove:"F" monitor iras :_,olerit;- .^.wi"_ch, which nakec Semge u., id .-down and riLht to left, (This part can be later computer :[ed)

O 1` Versatile Color V Synthesizer cated or educational layer of consumer . Eg ., what kind of visual material will accompany the vast repertoire of classical and pop .3 N This will enable us to sha e the TV screen canvas music? People will be quickly tired of von 0)0 Karajan's turtle neck or Beatle's long hair . tD Z as precisely as Leonardo The study of this problem cannot be started D L too soon, and might end up by producing a N as freely as Picasso it Q7 0 as colorfully as Renoire new furtile genre, called "electronic opera ." ~0m Mondrian y u as profoundly as as violently as Pollock and a 0 as lyrically as Jasper Johns . u U N In the long-ranged future, such a versatile color synthesizer will become a standard equiptment like 0 today's Hammond organ, or Moog synthesizer in the c m T m musical field, but even in the immediate future N a it will find wide applification . 0 N S 1) TV-tranquilizer, which is at the same time an L 0 avant garde artwork in its own right . As Time w0) magazine quoted me with emphasis, the tran quilizing "groovy" TV will be an important L L function of future TV, like today's mood music N 0 S at WPAT or WOR-FM . U rb 2) Enormous enrichment of background scenery of 3 L 0 m music programs or talkshows, combined with sharp reduction in the production cost is 0 generation's m 0 especially effective for young to rock programs . Traditional psychadelic light m show cannot compete with electronic color syn- thesizer as much as Ferrari racing car cannot catch even a good old DC-4 . 3) This will provide valuable experiments for EVR, which would be aimed for more sophisti-

ORIGINAL SIGNAL SOURCES ~,TAGE ONE (Electronic vari't1,inn n,' ', .t- black a ,]'t " ennitorr .vlhit t'ollnw!oL aeandSnL varietlon , Monitor 1 (dn'o1F ,~okr. oitl, h ni"1 G^n. " . . o . . " .earn, v) mill-i-;lr r . . " okr with -, ,canning s~ varlou : S.n :r "t ''r ,ao :c al.t= r t. . t, .~ .i circular motion (v "vac°.1 vcannlnl o .1 ~ien) / i distortion th, ,_Lh th . camere,or -water on tho TV .,_.,c-) vtc o npr r t 2o ra  t n y,en~ ntnr, (°-J--pi e1 scanInL) modif'catior n ocei 1~ix`, . . trov l lc n for liquidity of ~ . r . . t -ric e tap° his rant c n t°.later (f,- s. ccnr!nL) or color) such .,. ., , n11, record three ,zrtly co" .__zed) quick silv~c° ~"t ., ; tor 110"" 7 (1t0 N math control of vertical hnr ~ i?r"ntal " canning)

n,;) r e11 ,',ht n- .ol^.r v1i o tnpereeorder tee t up on the bar-, which a" c t :L

O r Versatile Color TV Synthesizer Gated or educational layer of consumer . Eg ., what kind of visual material will accompany 3 the vast repertoire of classical and pop a This will enable us to shape the TV screen canvas music? People will be quickly tired of von mo Karajan's turtle neck or Beatle's long hair . ro Z as precisely as Leonardo The study of this problem cannot be started L as freely as Picasso too soon, and it might end uo by producing a NNa as colorfully as Renoire new furtile genre, called "electronic opera ." mc 0 as profoundly as Mondrian U as violently as Pollock and as lyrically as Jasper Johns .

In the long-ranged future, such a versatile color synthesizer will become a standard equiptment like today's Hammond organ, or Moog synthesizer in the musical field, but even in the immediate future N a it will find wide applification . o~ o C- a - TV-tranquilizer, which is at the same time an >o avant garde artwork in its own right . As Time omLr magazine quoted me with emphasis, the tran- quilizing "groovy" TV will be an important ~ m function of future TV, like today's mood music ca c -Co at WPAT or WOR-FM . U is 2) Enormous enrichment of background scenery of L 30 ra music programs or talkshows, combined with LI_ sharp reduction in the production cost is o especially effective for young generation's m o (D -0 rock programs . Traditional psychadelic light C2 > show cannot compete with electronic color syn- thesizer as much as Ferrari racing car cannot catch even a good old DC-4 . 3) This will provide valuable experiments for EVR, which would be aimed for more sophisti-

0000000 1970 . Video Commune, WGBH-TV, Boston .

"Nam June Paik : Electronic Art 11," Gateria Bonino, Ltd ., New York, New York.

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CALIFORNIAINEW YORK/BOSTON NAM JUNE PA I K VIDEO SYNTHESIZER PLUS

miss New York's dirty subway. . .John Shuya Abe and I am stranded in Los Angeles without car. . . We are Darma-monk" Lindsay is a great man, who charges on 30d for a refrigerated ride . . . Abe-son said "We he did not even go to men's room. . . The . . . Dardma was so diligent for 9 years in sitting anmeadittithtg loved as a Buddha without accu m ulated shit eventually melted away his limbs and Darma became to be and in coming carless legs. . . this leg-less man's wireless transmission is all what TV is about today . . . societ . (0 -0 H U accumulation of my nine year's TV-shit (if this 0a Video synthesizer is the I i ~ro U Si tP H real-time video piano by the 0 ro m H holy allusion is allowed), turned into a c t 44 mentor . Big TV studio always ~ C Golden Finger of Shuya Abe, my great Lo v m m -4 r parallely running, engulfs N A scares me, Many layers of "Machine Time" EO roU a) . .i S to r m N N 0 Wiener, seeing a) C " L H c 4J H my identity . It always brings me the anxiety of Norbert '0 m L N si ro .c H +J c m R, N U 0 ~:i H -H -H .~ the delicate yet formidable Dichotomy of Human Time and Machine 0 0 0 N N U H N il k, U C 0 ro X ro R7 C Time, a particular contingency of so-called Cybernated Age . (I use tech- 0 ro ~ro M L a 4J -4 -H to hate it more properly .) . . . In the heated atmosphere L e) r- (,- UN~C ,Crn w nology in order o ~Um3 -H (D N ()0 ro NG of TV-control room, I yearn for the solitude of a Franz Schubert, hum- E C: 3 s, 0 H +r ro H . Ironically a huge :5 0 O) EH LL G C .. J H ro ming a new song in the unheated attics in Vienna . . 0 L a F machine ma 11, W ~>a si UIF roU Machine (WGBH, Boston) helped me to create my anti m ~H ro U~-70 L 0 si H a) u ro -+ chine . . . this is a place to thank beautiful people there . . . Michael Rice, c 44 you ro L N C u~ 3 ~vro~ HP ro o Fred Barzyk, John Folsom, David Atwood, Olivla Tappan, etc . . . N _0 0 C: 0 ro H U " x .H . H just never know . L 3 rl U a) '- ro ti U) S, " G i ro 7 N a) a) (D D u-4 ?i '3 N x people were deprived Q 0 0'U -H 4aCN0rtU +e C U Let us look back to the mid 19th century . . . most a) N 0 >+H p, x0Sa )a 4-4 p, N selected few 0 " 4a>10 H rom u of the way for self expression in the visual art . Only the r- 0 N ~ rd = C410rU N had the access to tools, such as oil pants or canvas and know-how . But i 7 d 1, -H -H -P tP >r rl into an 0 a0Q L 7_1 tP 10 = r4 (1) 4) U S4 0 4 H the invention of camera changed the scene and made everybody v Y-0- 0 G _H () o C N L1L (0 +) H zy' 4.) -H m illus- N 0 o c m si 0 r) active visual artist . The size of camera industry and art business C x 0 x 4a 0 0 0 s L q) 1 .m- u,a-Ha4u c~ 0c trates the massive desire to create an artwork, instead of watching a U .c C L m O rl >1 U O W x tn-H U u a ro tn itself in the TV world? ro  ~ L L Am+aH : 0tP0NW N 0 H7 masterpiece on the wall . Will this process repeat 0 L U H ro C ~ r~ rl ro 4-~ 44 0 and 'a 3 0 0 Will the network program become a wall painting in the museum L -C H ro 3~0 30 ~amroa)+!c `H0Q) "C we active video creators and creating machine, such as video-synthesizer N (5 4' 75 H N +J N 4J > ` " +J 44 +! If yet, will F- r0 U_Ha)+-~ -H>r3N0Ura)1,0 .C etc ., become as big as Kodak, Nikon, Zeiss Ikon combined? -C 7 i 7a)4, :P-Hmr,0a) -HOBm try ailing NBC or CBS from our tax-deductable 0 c a)> N 0E+ m+)q,H u we be able to subsidize the TO L '~ 1 f, U 0= XH-H~:S NU(1)Wxrt and live m: b L portion of Income . . . Dear Phyllis : don't smoke cigarette, s L U C >t 0 " aa0 ro3ro f > .Qa-P~ Global Groove and Video Common Market terest Number I must be Interest Number I of Pub- longer to see our D-Day . 0 m si w o c: a) H m U a) r1 E+ . U I ro,Hmo0U s,a)wHrl+i04, by Nam June Paik lic Television . What we need now is a champion of Paik-Abe video-synthesizer is a humble effort for this day, putting 1001 N trade, who will form a Video Common Market won the ~o05 0 7uro)U n 0 4J 04Jd~0 (Printed in The WNET-TV Lab News, Issue #2, 1973) free ways of instant TV making . We gave up High Fidelity but we U I-C a 0s4HIN +u u +JC~ ro the European Common Market in its 0 gH+J (Written February 1970) modeled after Super Infidelity . . . adultery is always more interesting than marriage . 0 m ro4aIo0 Oro-HP(D U strip the hieratic " .m L L 0 C 0s H a) .C' r~ rt U .~ N A a) spirit and procedure ; this would The "attraction" of drug experience to O " UN. >3~ " >, m r1 ri +1 0 0 a) +) m 0 A monism of TV culture and promote the free flow of r Lm r: 0 >1 _~ 10 41 young people lies in the peculiar "ontol- m g (D 0 (a " 41 a) ,C Na)~a)G0H video information through an inexpensive bartar »DOis " 0MH roS rcAw~-HEWN E+ ogy" of this unfortunate medium. system or convenient free market. (1957) was preceded for a McLuhan's premature high hope for the Global consists of three different parties . (1) Creator The Treaty of Rome Generally speaking art decade by vocal exhortations of prophetic states- Village via TV is based on an obscure book, The Audience (passive receiver) ; (3) Critics (judge (active transmitter) ; (2) men like Robert Schuman, Jean Monnet or Hallstein, Bias of Communication , by H .A .Innis (1951) which N or carrier-band) . and tedious, painstaking and prolonged negotiations traced the origin of nationalism to the invention contingencies in the art video Through this discrepancy, all the complicated by the economists of six European countries . Many of movable type . But, ironically, today's intrigue, manipula- . m world, or art-pollution, such as vanity, school, style, times the process was termed hopeless, utopian or culture is far more nationalistic than print media L distinction of so-said First Y in a book m tion etc . come up to the scene . The dubious academic . But the result, the European Common Mar- You simply cannot escape Camus or Sartre is also a result of I of Class artist or second rate musician or minor poet etc ., 0- ket, a long dreamed of free trade zone, surpassed store . But do you remember seeing a production M conceivable that the 0 this discrepancy . (9 0 even the most wild imaginings in terms of growth French TV recently? Is it Ol who delivered a line of genius all three parties are united into one . A kid and prosperity . England's trouble is a well-known wonderful people But in the drug experience, 0 from Moliere to Goddard become suddenly petrified m same time creator, audience and 00~ fact . U who smokes a joint or so is at the silver flick? David Atwood, a director comparison and grading, such as "first class Videoland on this spaceship Earth resembles in front of a critic . There is no room for N q). (a contrary thing . TV cameras m ontological a the divided state of European countries before 1957 . at WGBH, reports a drug taker" or "second rated pot smoker" etc . . . This L -0 Z spots of vio- is a short cut effort to mQ TV stations around the world are hoarding are following so busily the latest analysis demonstrates to us once again that drug M Many C m L hours and asking lence that kids, who receive most of their edu- the sense of participation . . . and basic cause lies in our passive a) videotapes totaling thousands of recover N cation from TV, think that such noble countries as such as TV watching, etc . L impossibly high prices or compliance with compli- C state of mind, L -C cated procedures to obtain some commodity for which Switzerland and Norway are chunks of real estate s to IL IP Na0 N Can we transplant this strange "ontology" of drug experience Or Video- lying somewhere in the Milky Way or at best beyond the they have almost no prospect of selling . "safer" and more "authentic" art medium, without transplanting L C Madagascar . How can we teach about peace while -Cm a land, a so-called communications media, is so dis- danger of drug overdose??? out one of the few existing examples from inherent L U communicative with each other that practically no blocking a a) Most Asian faces we encounter on the Participation TV (the one-ness of creator, audience, and critic) is surely L 0 one knows what to buy, to import or export . Should the screen? not at 0 0 American TV screen are either miserable refugees, one probable way for this goal . . . and it is not a small virtue . . . a video culture stay as divided, nationalistic and I protectionistic as the block economy of the wretched prisoners or hated dictators . But most 0 L middle-class Asians are seeing essentially the same J a0 Thirties, which amplified the depression, insti- U 0 kind of clean-cut entertainment shows on their " 0 L gated Fascism and helped promote World War II? World peace and survival of earth is Public home screens as most American Nielsen families,Did L0 C m a U Interest Number I and, needless to say, Public In- Did this vast information gap contribute to the

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0 recent tragedies in Vietnam? Weren't those simple- should be initiated by WGBH . It is radical in the minded GI's in Song My prejudiced, even in the sense that it attacks the radix, or root, of con- TV screen of ventionalism, beyond the success or failure of the 3 slightest degree, by the All-American QA~- Mid-West before landing in Saigon, which neces- individual program or weekly series . m the Jazz was m m"o~Q sarily has all of the miseries of a war-torn the first tie between Blacks and m 0 ; m f Whites . Mozart was the first tie between N country? If yes, those accused GI's are also vic- Europeans m tims of monistic TV networks to a certain extent . and Asians . Beethoven was the last tie between mmmo Don Luce, a former director of the International Germans and Americans during World War II . Cur- n Hm0 ~3 Vietnam with a ten year ser- rently rock music is the only channel between young N Voluntary Service in 3 3 ^ a 2 vice record, notes : "American failures in Vietnam and old . But the power of music as a non-verbal m 0 c ~o 3 have been essentially failures in communication communications medium has been wasted as much as 0 0~ ~ 3 0 ao were the vast resources under the ocean . There- <~ 3 ao and understanding" (quoted in the Saturday Review Q a from Vietnam : Unheard Voice, Cornell University fore, if we could assemble a weekly television m A u'~+ x "J R1 Press) . And how about Russian TV? They might not festival comprised of music and dance from every 3 0aoc 0d m nation and disseminate t0 3= ;^ be that bad if they ran such bourgeois soap operas it freely via the proposed 0 Video Common Market to the world, its effects on E~om r~y~ education and entertainment would be phenomenal . H ^0ma 9u, f,4+'-P r~e~ (D z m w. A nh~p ~~:~ei :Fti ~ Peace can be as exciting as a John Wayne war movie . z . ma The tired slogan of "world peace" will again a n become fresh and marketable . 9 Q (a, t ze.1u 7 -J Back in 1938 Buckminster Fuller defined the a u+ n Z word "ecology" as follows : " . . .very word 'econ- T 000 omics' springs etymologically from 'ecology' 3 ~o` meaning the body of knowledge developed out of the N 3 house . We stress not housing but essentially a comprehensive research and design . . . . The question a N~Q of survival, and the answer, which is unit, lies 1475-74 in the progressive sum-totaling of man's evolving m a 00 knowledge . Individual survival is identifiable m with the whole as extension or extinction ." (Nine a m Chains to the Moon, 1938) . D 7 OnthelastEarth Day, ecology was treated as 3 a temporary face-leftipg or local anesthesia . m Ecology is not "politics" but a devoutful Weltan D schung, which believes in world design, global recyclization, the shift of our attitude from H "you OR me" to "you AND me", as Mr . Fuller, the v d,g guru of the whole movement, never ceases to empha- : eeol .7.'uQ ovc.~, M+. size . Global Groove and Video Common Market treat w the root of polution much more than one more con- c 1971 a ventional documentary on a lake . m Let me finish this essay in a digital way : The New York Times spends about 70% of Z herimportant pages on international c coverage . 3 Q The New York Daily News spends about 78 m fortheequivalent . z NET's average is closer to the Daily News m than to the Times . "Om <9c - Q7u Fm 0 3 n a-0 m H7u p"rd _ sm J E7r O a I I- 1 11 11 as The Forsythe Sam, and I am curious how their Huntley-Brinkley-vich talk the pravda (truth) every evening . Understandably, negotiations for the Video Common Market will be as tiresome and frustrating as those for the European Common Mar- < ;o - - - ket . But its huge reward will be not only philo- - - mFa sophical . Faster rotation of capital is also a supreme requirement for cost-efficiency in a cul- _ ~momF~ - _ tural economy . A new paper money created by the International Monetary Fund to check the gold out- 1971 . Sonsbeek (Holland) '71 catalogue . flow, indicated by the Special Drawing Right o'mor " F SDR, would serve as a model for the proposed Video mF s Common Market . I suggested this in my Stony Brook

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00 S D L m 0 NAMJUNEPAIK v #CIA calling 19?~ Fd, 0In 3 C N J nom jupe paik L N L Dear Ira and Beryl. . m 7 U 0 t- de enjoyed your video demonstration at Cal Arts . . . C S t N especially shoe shine man's monologue by People's Video . . . C 0 0 Paul Valery sax or ao said that there are only twp poles in poetry . . . L ro o Y ( abstract and semantic ) and poetry is swinging between these poles U N like a pendlum . . . .Do you think, ,that we . . rafter three warp end 3 4 technological break-throughs . J,found one more poles. . . (that 0 _ro 0 was in my head watching your show). . . and with all new mannipulative U ro C C possibility in the time-parameter of video tape ( eg., feedbacke, S instant or delayed palybadks, loop, spied-changes, and sync pulse m U and scanning mannipulations) etc etc . .) . .did we find a new pole N m C in TIUE 0 besides the one way flow of time from Past to Present N J 3 and ?uture '" . . 'f ::at we never have trecaom, out an illusion 0) ,f free :om,-.iu fiual_ illusion is freedom and vice versa . . . N, N all this fateful that comdsc from this it . . co 3 Y41L_ With this 38' old men) comp icated sentiment ( a sign of = ro I am sending you for tie reprint,of an ill-fated old paper N +~ which w4s printed to be a flier at my 10,67 February concert with I, L 0) 3 Charlotte Moorman . . . On that night of Opera ~extronique, we ended up in New York's now famous laakx "Indecent dxporure" case . . . long long time ago before "llair". Time goes fast . .since Li Tai-Po . . Accereletien of time e la Toffler is a mythe. .

I hope Time goes obliquely, . . neither fart , nor slow . . . nor "rerun" . . .

As Wipe Cycle of you and ?rank Gillete dempnstrated, Time para= meter is the most intriguing pert o video . . . pi" , a QA+ c uct f k E,",

1971 . Published in Radical Software, #3 . U j [V",-

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Difference of the 50'a liberea and the ~~0's radical is that the former was serious I am a torean . . . I tend to pretend to loot: o1 .)ni ces,i^irtic , the latter was optiriistic and loved flue . ,'he changed the society years plc: , still I am sloppy like hell . . .l hite pe-fe icr'a... acre . . I tA.isik, the tat+er . TOhn ;aye's refLsal to accept `Serious , continental Hishima was a "perSectioni t , ., hl, dea was a o^.the _s -d l^.c rile of Hanpenin , popart, Fluxvsmovement sit"naled the

'xe i_r r;; o`_ the Sixties. . . :,."pat will signal the Seventies ??? (Commercial Break No . 5)

needlees to say . . . . lvideo'' . I am selling my loft at Canal Street .

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SS ",xi-,-en'1y there is a din-or that video becomes like "poetry", . .one guy writes, ?aul Valery wrote in the thirties that a xppRr middle^ ?rent', young man ca.-'. anal only L'is irmtediate Firends appreciate . . . .I dont know, how many un-edited dull ~aterial enjoy more " nlea.sure th uu louis the fourteenth . tape :: I had to it -Chroujh politely . . . . We should be more conscious o£ the situation our On the rmic same to=~ic, boother in disadvantaged neighbourhood tlu,.t we im are in the era of information overload and it means information-retrieval can en~oy more visual nlea ;ure tha. s ii ddle clasr your ., man riore trickythan information recording.. . . . Therefore one of Binghamton In the rmyhocy can see 20 :movies a week, which experirient \C< Ralph Hocking, Yen Dominick, Bob Diamond, Shierry P8ller is nobody did in the thirties . . . The poorer people are, the richer heir t . - with Walter Conkite with half inch tape ??? Here I think, i:; their visual life . . . . ny endeavour with video synthesizer becomes also important in seemingly Is is pro,~",ress pure information exchani"e .

Am I a. nib, ? Geisha s is the oldest Time-sharing device of male chauvinism . 'Tqrriage is an instant Sex-access system . Dear 9,ddic .!l Software Telephone is point to point comp4tication system . It is only two and half year, since we all met at Radio-TV is a point to space communication system . . .like fish egg. Hocrard Wi:.xe _Iallery . . .,nd in video Ultimate goal of video revolution is the establishment of calendar, it looks like a last century . it -means that space to space, or plain to plain cciv-muniontion we covered a huge Lorrain . . . ?lot any other art wQQD other . di .sci_rline did 4Wek so-awaii-as we did. . . . it is a time for without confusion and inteference each n con-ratulati . .~ For myself, I re-lived the excitement of How to achiev -. s goal ? it will . need decades of experiments. early Sixties, when we made various Fluxus events and publication. \the June) was so I am deeply grateful for that .. . and I am lucky to have had youth twice- Douglas Davis' Bokkaidim. event at lorcoran Gallery (last f u . and it is jut;t a be girt . . when we get wall to wall far the most ambitious endeavour to touch this home base at one shot TV,~video cassettes, cable TV, 3-D color all. lined Nobody expected a hole-in-one, but it showed vividly that our direction TV up . . . . where will we be ? . . . and avsrYkwJYXxxmxY many more experiments was right, workable Let's us live long . . . . . toward iris very end. shouli ..e dope as .farcel Ducharip did.

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Y 1972/73 . "The following two pieces are written for specific headed by K . Stockhausen . little room for duplication with other artist-engineers . purpuses . . . which are easily detectable by reading them ." For the past one year, as an artist-in-resi- Eventually the form will mature and can be set up dence at WNET-TV Lab in New York City, I have in many other video centers, now sprouting out like 03 pursued this familiar and furtile terrain . Again and mushrooms . Z again Norbert Wiener's prophesy has proven to be A-Day Project (excerpt) I was very proud at the Media-Art Conference valid even today . in Washington D .C . on December 2, 1972, . because the Falk-Abe video synthesizer was played not by Mr I . Introduction of digital computer into video syn- Faik but by Mr, Ron Hays . If a machine is to Art and Artist is not the marginal appendix of thesizer (in collaboration New York City, but the core of its existence, be- with Bob Diamond) . survive as hardware, it should be universally appli- Computers and video are the two most powerful cable . . .like an automobile, which anyone can drive cause New York's future depends on its function as tools of today, said Gene software-media-nerve center of the world in the in- Youngblood . Yet the full- anywhere . So far the Faik-Abe video synthesizer is fledged digital computer has not been used in any of the only video synthesizer being used cross-country creasingly ephemeral post-industrial society . Artist the video synthesizers existing today (even symbolizes the info rmation-knowledge -biocybernetical the one at (WGBH, WNET, Binghamton TV Center, Chicago Computer Image Corporation) . Therefore if we suc- Institute of Arts, California Institute of Arts at Los sensitivity . The following program will have a maxi- ceed in the fruitful interfacing of a digital computer mum impact on this fact . Media attention is conditional Angeles) by more than 100 artists and it has been and video synthesizer, its effect will be phenomenal . aired locally and nationally quite a few times . to "dyne", or ratio of acceleration of speed and not to Actually, I have done some computer research the speed per se,and even less to "mass", or static weights . at Bell Labs as a Residential Visitor in 1967/68 Bob Diamond wqs born in New York City 26 under the guidance of Michael Noll . However I did years ago and went to Bronx Science High School A-Day not incorporate a digital computer into the design of the and Brookline Poly Tech, and worked at N .Y .U . Faik-Abe Video Synthesizer at WGBH in 1969, be- Computer Center, Control Data, and Binghamton TV (Art Day on channel 13 Center . His work from morning 9AM through cause at that time mo,st computers were not movable, at the WNET-TV Lab impressed midnight untill 2 AM) and time-sharing (through telephone lines) made the David Loxton and John Godfrey favorably . Bob's output speed inadequate far on-line operation . How- youth and experience in computers at Control Data ever the rapidly advancing computer technology made (which has developed so-said third On. this one full day WNET cancel] ALL generation ((super)', programs the introduction of a digital computer into video art computer even before IBM) will make all my seem- and broadcast nothing but art-related pro- quite plausible and economically and artistically viable . ingly far-fetched prophecy into solid reality in 12-18 grams . In order to combine quality, variety, and Beauty Per Dollar Ratio will be much more favor- months . cost-efficieny, and no-risk production, I propose able than the traditional ways of color video produc- There is another important spin-off of this re- five-dimensional production . tion . search and development, which cannot be ignored fron the educational and national point of view . Increas- New Projects Specialized computer equiptment dedicated ingly more undergraduate students at liberal arts to one application, usually a minicomputer and colleges are taking the computer course as a part of Twenty six years ago Norbert Wiener published a specialized terminal, is an area of the mar a basic college curriculum . It has been very success- a prophetic message, which signaled the coming of the ket that .is growing at about a 50% pace now ful at Darmouth College . Combinations of computers cybernetic age : compared with 12 to 1518 for the entire indus- and beautiful color TV synthesizers will be an effec- try, and this growth is not expected to slacken tive teaching coaching for computers, media, TV, art, For many years Dr . Rosenblueth and I had in the immediate future . --New York Times, and man-machine relationships in general . In 1970 I shared the conviction that the most fruitful areas January 7, 1973 . visited the Man-Machine Laboratory of M .I .T . and for the growth of the sciences were those which was surprised to see that they were experimenting had been neglected as a no-man's land between This is not automation in the traditional sense, with the video delay line, which Ken Dewey did many the various established fields . Since Leibniz which is aimed at cutting the cost of personnel, while years ago . there has perhaps been no man who has had a doing the same job . Our goal is rather the opposite . full command of all the intellectual activities of Digital computer video will open up a fresh new ter- II . Software Projects (in collaboration with Jud his day . A century ago there may have been rain with powerful programs which will awaken the Yalkut) . no Leibniz, but there was a Gauss, a Faraday, latent desire for video art into the concrete and con- Edwin H . Armstrong, an undergraduate at a Darwin . Today there are few scholars, who scious level, and eventually increase the jobs for Columbia University invented the feedback circuit back can call themselves mathematicians, physiolo- video artists, engineers and businessmen . Our re- to 1913 . It took 50 years for society to find out its gists, or biologists without restriction . A man search will fire a chain reaction, which will let many deeper meaning . Feedback is a special device, which may be a topologist, or an acoustician, or a other video artist-engineers move into this field, as recycles and amplifies the input (or past tense) coleologist . . . .It is these boundary regions of the successful launching of the Faik-Abe video syn- through a few micro seconds delay line and strength- science which offer the richest opportunities to thesizer did in May 1970 in the field of video syn- ens the outgoing signals (or present tense) . There- the qualified investigators . . . . The physiologist thesizers . fore its phenomenological structure has certain need not be able to prove a certain mathemat- The beauty of any computer research is that affinities with our consciousness of history or nostalgia, ical theorem, but he must be able to grasp its one's effort will not and cannot be wasted . Computer a pendulum between past and present . Electronically physiological significance and to tell the mathe- science is so systematized that every effort of the speaking, Nostalgia is nothing but a sweet-sour, home- 2,--F matician to what he should look . --Norbert predecessor, whether success or failure, will be opathic feedback circuit using a delay line of decades . Wiener, Cybernetics , 1947, p . 2 . compiled and used by the next comers . As a matter There is a myth that TV is an "instant" of fact, Boolean Algebra, the essentials of binary medium, where as a metal sculpture is a "permanent" Research into the boundary regions between system, was invented more than 100 years ago, and medium . The irony is that big metal sculptures have various fields, and complex problems of interfacing it slept for 80 years before getting into service . The been often destroyed due to the lack of storage space these different media and elements, such as music and vast amount of rules and vocabuary of Machine Lan- and that instant and fragile electronic information often visual art, hardware and software, electronics and guage is a 20th century Pyramid, which is created gets kept for years, due to the convenience in storage humanities in the classical sense . . . this had been my by the millions of stones, the toil of thousands of re- and retrieval . Eg ., the 1920's are gone, but the '30's major task since 1958, when I joined the electronic searchers . Since computerized video synthesizers are alive everyday as late late TV shows . This music studio at West German Radio in Cologne, have a vast virgin land before them, there will be strange phenomenan is bound to continue forever, and 0000000 0009000

someday, for some new generation, the demarcation Kitchen and the- Mercer Art Center using Orson Well's S~a 1 1 line between the 20's and 30's will be as unrecon- The War- of the Worlds . The result was encouraging . t: J G~ ~ . d ~~ _ 's ! I i r ciable as B .C . and A .D . The video part can be a combination of abstract, 7 7 Feedback is not the only favorite technique of sur-real and realistic images, and it can be more k the video artist, but it expresses the essence of ART counterpointal than harmonic . There are a great V/ per se in generic terms . Cult of Eternity, long-levity, deal of old radio shows recorded and kept by nos- immortal preservation of our cultural heritage, has talgia buffs . It will make a good late late show for I been a major function of art from the time of the FIBS channels, I Fha roach s Pyramid to the age of Polaroid and Port- 3 Video archive of senior American musicians , NC~ r / apack, because we are all fragile and mortal . The J Rockefeller Foundation is interested in a . . a h , n1 a ~ q 1nr half inch tape video archive of senior Am=erican com 6-) 54 Elle est retrouvee posers of serious msWryipaWvm~aCii~~'O'''~O`o2al~w,doo.nQ,;v aF^y.,~d~eo v. .'°~~Ciav, .~~~"~,~d ._ :_ c music . A counterpart of this pro- 0~ 0 r 2 v p0 c Q'amo~~mommm~9? ~;aarr~+l~i~lo~m Quoi ? Ileternite . ject, a video archive of senior pop and folk musicians %k wi C'est la mer in Kentucky, Tennessee, New Orleans, and the Amer- allee evec le soliel ican Indian Reservations will make this archive com- ~s~ r ..~ S1 77'_~ -r'~'~r _ plete in the music field . 3~. a s --Arthur Rimbaud Actually America has an intellectual climate tit I am undertaking the following programs,which suitable for radical experimentation . We are, as will utilize the peculiar medium of video, which can Gertrude Stein said, the oldest country of the _44 tZ ~p is a jump back and forth the TIME, as well as SPACE, twentieth century . And I like to add : in our A v 1) Recycling the hidden visual heritage (in collab- air of knowing nowness . Buckminster Fuller, ' ( .'(56od ~-GCS c~c~ad~3Lsdddc- the dymaxion architect, in his three-hour lec- s- ' 1.n E ~r i i I1} -rm-i.~ 1- ,l rr rtr ~ r oration with Jud Yalkut, New York based film maker, n , > x ~ D /T3 ">ICv 5 and pioneer at Video films .) ture on the history of civilization, explains that Tens of thousands of beautiful prints (eg . , Cur- men leaving Asia to go to Europe went against r rier and Ives, Eno Collection, . Stoke Collection, etc . ) the wind and developed machines, ideas, and are Occidental philosophies in semi-sleeping in many libraries and museums . accord with a struggle f They are all copyright free . Using new video tech- against nature ; that, on the other hand, men 5CC m niques, such as matting, keying, video synthesizing, leaving Asia to go to America went with the " rGwwsti~kir~e ,~w~s F~nzw=m4swcarmrl F~cFr~NFcr~trllN~tL"r ,x,s~u . a~ . Paxp etc., we can animate them and make them into fresh wind, put up a sail, and developed ideas and .~'

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Group Exhibitions and Performances "I Admire Monkey," Decollage , Cologne, 1963 . , "New Onthology of Music," Sogetzu Journal , Tokyo, 1963, 41 L) t, ~ip x- .-1t~ _ , -, j "Autobiography," Kalendar , Dusseldorf, 1965, yxA l i, iyq Cologne, Germany IY 1961 "Originale" (Stockhausen), - L l r - !n' 7~ _ 1 7 In 1, Wiesbaden, Germany "Sinfonie No . 5, Rohwol!. Vcrlag , Hamburg, 1965 . z aJ , ~ I 1962 Fluxus Festival, Museum of 1965 Galerie Parnass (24 hour Happening), Wuppertal, "Manifesto," Something Else Press, New York, 1966 . Germany "Essay," ICA Bulletin , London, July 1967, Philharmonic Hall, Lincoln Center, New York (par- "Essay," Fylkingen Bulletin , Stockholm, 1966, if 4 17 as ° ' John Cage's "Variation No . 5 "Essay," Fylkingen Bulletin , Stockholm, 1967 . d ,f l ~r1 ` ticipated in r ~(' i 33- r _iu f with Electronic Television" "Letter," Judson Review , New York, 1968 . 1966 "Art Turns On," I .C .A ., Boston "Letter," Software Catalogue , Jewish Museum, 1968 . "Programmed Art," Museum of Art, Providence, R, I . "Letter," Radical Software , Ruby, New York, 1970 (#1), 1967 "Light in Orbit," Howard Wise Gallery, New York "Article," R adical Software , Ruby, New York, 1971 (#2), Light Art Show,' Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minn . "Letter," Radical Software , Ruby, New York, 1971 (#3), rC ~~ "iIL L ~~f; 4;? "Festival of Light," Howard Wise Gallery, New York "Essay," Sonsbeek 71 , Holland, 1971 . e YJ y ;Z J ~=~:~ Fifth Annual Avanhgarde Festival, New York "P .C .A . "' DuMont Schauberg , C logne, 1971 . 1968 \/Volfgang Hahn Collection, Walrauf Richard Museum, "Fluxus . Happening," Kunst Verein , Cologne, 1971, Cologne, Germany Arts Now (Anthology), Kodansha, Tokyo, 1972, "Cybernetic Serendipity," I,C .A  London ; Corcoran Gallery, Washington ; Palace of Art and Science, Selected Bibliography San Francisco Gregory Battoock, DOMUS , Milan, April 1972 . Show," Museum of Modern Art, New York "Machine Jack Burnham, Beyond Sculpture, George Braziller . a Medium," Howard Wise Gallery, 1969 "TV as Creative John Cage, A Year from Monday, Wesleyan University, New York Notation, Something Else Press, "Medium is the Medium," WGBH-TV, Boston, in collab- "Essay," Electronic Art , Bonino Gallery, oration with Fred Barzyk and David Atwood) j ~` `~ s~ l7 i New York . ti r ~ f 'l Contemporary Art, "Art by Telephone," Museum of Nikolas Callas, of "V Image the Sixties , E, P . Dutton . 4 Chicago Louis Camnitzer (ed), Art in Edition, Pratt Center . New Material," Detroit Institute of Art, i New Idea, Cantrills Filmnotes , Melbourne, April 1973 . Detroit, Michigan fill 1r ;uIl -t ;ii Russell Connor, Vision and Television, Brandeis Univ . "Electric Art," UCLA Gallery, Los Angeles "Essay," Electronic Art, Bonino Gallery, Rose Art Museum, Brandeis "Vision and Television," New York, University, /Valtham, Massachusetts H, Currie & M,Porte, Cinema Now , Univ . of Cincinnati . Boston 1970 "Video Variation," WGBH-TV, Douglas Davis, Art and Future , Praeger, Happening," Kunst Verein, Cologne, Germany D J, ~T 4, "Fluxus Art Forum , Spring 1973 . Museum, New York, 1971 "Videoshow," Whitney Newsweek , August l7, 1970 . 11 1 Avantgarde Festival, New York .1 J_ Ken Dewey, "In Memoriam," Village Voice , 1972, 1972 "Musica Nova," Bremen, Germany 11 Margarita D'Amica, Audio Visual Expansion , Caracas, Avantgarde Festival, New York X ~ ; / (^ I -j JH N N "Film Culture," Expanded Arts , 1966, "Twelfth Annual October St . Jude Invitational : Video- 7II 7F Ken Friedman, Aesthetics , Beau Geste Press, England, tapes," de Saisset Museum and Gallery of the Source Magazine , #11, 1974, 1973 . Cinemascope/Dreamscope TV, 9'/, x 13Y~", pencil on paper. University of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, Calif- John Gruen, The New Bohemia, Shorecrest, ornia, and the Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse Sam Hunter, 20th Century American Art , Abrams . Biography: Nam June Paik 1967 "Artist as film maker" series at Jewish MuseuNew m, New York, Center, Binghamton, New York," Fred Jacobi, Image Magazine (WNET), March 1973 . York "Experimental Television from the University of Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York Jill Johnston, Marmalede Me , E,P .Dutton, Born Seoul, Korea, 1932, Graduated "Opera Sextronique," Cinematheque, New k history and phil sophy at the (included one-man performance event at Everson) Allan Kaprow, "Essay," Electronic Art It, Bonino Tokyo, 1956 . Stu ied music, art Intermedia'68, (John Brockman's AssociatesYor1968 with Wooster Street, New York Gallery, New York, the Uni ersity of Munich, Freiburg Conservatory and the help of New York State Council on the Arts 1973 "FLUXUS Sonata," 80 Did expert- Games," 80 Wooster Street, New York Michael Kerby, Art of Time , E .P,Dutton . University of Cologne, Germany, 1956-56 . and the National Council of Arts) "FLUXUS Festival, New York Udo Kulterman, Art and Life , Praeger, me tal work, Stu io for Electron c Music of ad o Col gne, "Electronic Art II," Bonino Gallery, New k Avantgarde WGBH- Show," WNET-TV, New York (produced Bruce Kurtz, Arts Magazine , January 1973 . C logne, Germany, 1958-61 . "Artist in Residence," "Video Commune" (four hours live, WGBH-TV1971 Yor1970 , Boston) "The Television Loxton, hosted by David Silver) John Margolies, "TV As a Creative Medium," Art in TV, Boston, 1969 . "Artist in Residence," WNET-TV, New "Paik-Abe Video Synthesizer," Bonino GallerYork y, New by David Modernat Museet, America, 1973 . York, 1971-, (with Charlotte Moorman) "New York Collection for Stockholm," Charlotte Stokholm, Sweden (organized by EAT) Patrick O'Neal, Life Magazine , October 13, 1967 . 1972 Everson Museum, Syracuse, New York (with Invitational," organized by the Everson Hans Otte, Musica Nova (catalogue), Bremen, Germany . One Man Exhibitions and Performances Moorman) "Circuit : A Video Syracuse, New York and dis- Jonathan Price, Harper's Magazine, June 1972 . "Cine-Probe," Museum of Modern Art, New ork Museum of Art, seven other museums Print Magazine , February 1972, 1959 Gaferia 22, Dusseldorf, Germany . Jud Yalkut) Y(with tributed to Modern Art, New York (dir- Jasia Reichardt, Cybernetic Serendipity, Praeger . 1960 Atelier Mary Bauermeister, Cologne, Germany. "Selling of New York," WNET-TV, New York (with 1974 "Open Circuit," Museum of Barzyk, Doug Davis and Jerry Sheridan Renan, American Underground Film, E .P .Dutton, 1961 Lilevalchs Konsthall, Stockholm, Sweden . Ed Emshwieller) ected by Fred rady) Anton Riedle, Olympic Cultural Affairs (catalogue), Munich . Louisiana Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark 1973 Electronic Video, Kitchen at Mercer Art er, New CI O Ross, Arts Canada , October 1973 . Ny Musikk, Oslo, Norway (with Charlotte Moorman) CentYork David Saturday Review , December 1972, 1962 Kammerspiele, Dusseldorf, Germany "A For ART," (Channel A, hosted by Russell Connor, Selected Publications Schmit, Fluxus Now , London, 1972, 1963 Galerie Parnass, Wuppertal, Germany (first produced by the Cable Art Foundation, New York) Tomas Decollage No . 1 , Cologne, 1962 . Patrick Sloane, Art and Artists , March 1972 . exhibit of electronic television) 1974 "Tribute to John Cage," WGBH-TV, Boston irected "Bagatelles Americaines," Decollage No . 3 , Cologne, 1962, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Text II , Dumont Schauberg, Amstel 47, Amsterdam, Holland Atwood and Fred Barzyk) (dDavid "Exposition of Music," A , Wiesbaden, 1962, Magazine , January 28, 1966 . 1964 Sogetzu Art Center, Tokyo, Japan Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York "New Onthology of Music," Flux,-As Time Research, New York for 20 Rooms," Anthology , New York, 1963 . May 30, 1969 . 1965 New School for Social "TV Sea," Bonino Gallery, New York "Sinfonie New York Map," Decollage , Cologne, 1963 . Fred Wilson, Popular Photography, February 1970 . "Electronic Art," Bonino Gallery, "Global Groove," WNET-TV, New York (in c llab , "Fluxus Island symposium Kalendar , Dusseldorf, 1963, Jud Yalkut, Arts Magazine , April 1968 . 1966 "Vision of Today," Art and Technology oration withJohn Godfrey, directed by Mer- "Read Music," in Television," Fluxus, New York, 1963, Gene Youngblood, Expanded Cinema , E,P .Dutton . of Fylkingen at Museum of Technology rilie Mossman, and produced by David Loxton) "Experimental Stockholm, Sweden 0000000 0000000

Appendix 0 YT 61 9x ?t 0 ff t L- -C JIL , - "music walks" t),, k h L (, $O1. ril U ' ; F J°f*0 aj, *+J, i, ' tll °f .~ " -, - 9. fUk ~ .71 rrrr rrrrr °l if o - ;20'Y'7-V. v~777U~`091AT J ~r L15 . ls5s 1f,z»,- - {(I1 xI LI O1 a R UI JF B `i all t'1 of 757b#TTY~O~ z rl=IL3-7P7)', 1n~J Ox5 P~ Vfi6~tcLOAiIT, T,. y-~IL, l"'Ji-7o) Galerie X71 7 °i °I iii ~ a 71 - H kP UL 04 7F 041 M? ~, e T 1j,' ~ ah oil .lyiIJLy'7 '~ ;l~k lr~1~92 trL7~~$-~ .~1°u#~~ R v. e 7F .^~ ~~ of l Lt A~a al of N O .lc4L 'Nil W '} P11 -51;- M 1. 'U 7 - IlLii 4,T 211, *O LIf7I 5~ACDA0~X 7 z 7%N1~~ A 7F~=F s Y z m R1hPL, ~Ab'-''-I~piJ'~tzt)'6, %Y-I~4~ 7~All-eAA~,-C2-DU, f ~.} 03 7-1 HCT~9,*1ZC-D . -J OD 1 = 11 3 Ol f7 °1 1 cl ` ~l `~' niI .1` M T DtI "~NI ' : I 1J a1 ;,.? 3L r n7iTs 1,443 OT L-1, c} ~- ~ 0 9FV~, LUt~-P. AN. 7Y~-Il, music walks -C, L P a Yb',NY~ ~ x? °z ti' l'iG oh 7-t 7 ~ ~i I, fi n 47 of a} } `;Y =f hlj Its + 4''C4't~~r-vJ < i.0~ti~, PJNtCI~, s~! aJ T f sF OI nl n;} "1 - ;iio dt71 77v :/~l~,tz7a0?> J ~. ~ x}s}Iti Z h ~ r° 7 ~ >al 1 L A o7 ~1 .? r-t r 7 9 =- V a YOaEaV1, 777T 4 7 PY~ab4ttz I bl2 q, -D/J ,05; ~t- L/ ~- hbJ, t'N6VIf-D`C Oil nl 'IT OI N ar pi 11.I 1Xf.= 5fLAt Vt JN -iL, )J9OHE~bb , -C ll( i v f °1 -j~, , N~tl, 'T i tE} $'d OI h s 0 OI of slitt. 1 ' -r cF i 7 1- r» ~a -a °,,7, 31 aN L ~~~lfHfa. -D-C, 17rw' b . jar h~ Y7J131 -,tzl', , rr? N oil :M l. ~F -a, m c 2HH . 1-t' ~aOZ, VJ: perform 1 '}I . I'.'ey ~ 031 al "T 1 6 L-CdJ:, 4'V~tz __ llJi er c ~i fta ~OlF ill ril m ~r- SbK ;1NkZ't>L -P ;5 aoT+7 F~Iz, 4'b 4'. tct:: do. 9 Y0,1 7L o 9 `/E till 7j< P 1 ;q X 1~zil} EM t'htz~f~"C t~~t.-FfFx~( t-c~~~t'hr9~4~ x~> R'T 4 , b'~t ~a, 3! J$-iJ A*7T '7 O all I ' 5:~4 j7% -d :, NE it . o Iff N C 1s. r 7 z ll" 77~~~rjCT-'~ 7I, CDL/ "° FolkwaysRYE o- C7. (F X Zl, °I~i s ~} o Az~, L, T i tw? L sl cF Ai ar-0 t h 1-1 ar °a i1i b4t, ate '> ilg~ -AZi~'xtzi~" 6, A$ 71 riv X Yf f! U a ~I Rdii~i'a~FxJ-~ 3 I lam, Y~tz F1 > ti° 7J O~'~L~~, Z, oh ~~ n} al t=1 N a} of Ai OI N ~ 3k1HVJ:, ~- _A_TT Al a m c zL U >1J~0 Amey, al nu z,°' ~1 6J }r vV. xl .~,Yl , Bussoti, Cardew, Feldman, 71 Iv oy cF o c' ~~ r z u'r c Young, Wolf O pUtJ'T tt~ /is~/ ._. ~3 0l m A m aN ail 031 L JV Hi c} v. 3 l~i~ C 1L, ~'==7, ti=Y~- -vO g11JJA Ol al 'b[' Sl' hl N N- Il } c 3 Al Ih a~ - c of *'9' 6q .CY tz, ~ ~rA" x h9~JT Y7~-4~il~f~L~Crp~L zI A1 ~F s1 ~h } gl 0 aaa~ 1 7F M N } 0 t.:. <4 ~AVJN0V _ sl~~ vtva Cddl°ll? " 491wj f 1913 .3C ~l '- of aI s to 1~' ? > ~ t:~tb'b'l, 4~atpffI -i2, HYi "C~ I,tcoDVIb~,kw6"CZ' 5 . ;uuu-wlxrri aumwoun~ n(Iml-yulm-~ulnZllalu--~luulu~_Irlnlr~lnnm-i. .mimr-~nlnllr 'There has never been a scandal like mine'. :L ~1 -u,7--'1,'7a1,'htc U4'N'm Lht~ o} 9j a 1960 tLY~> 44*Wz*bY~, Wn~,Dt:LCdr, tz4' .

1C --) 1958 . "A report on the Paris studio of Pierre Schaeffer and musique concrete ." 10,g5Qt_Y "" ~" Ir-v03+'V7 " 7r, 4 s Chayushinmun, Seoul, Korea . a_ °a F 2 qdJ:, 7 h 1 z " r7~-(73r--C', - oa dNN VTfF2-D .

- ZA1 rl -M . =f ~l` a ~l 3 1f~ 00J -~ °1 nF °I i t a Qk .~ ° -, =1 ~1 zl M 3A T z ~f

I- g 7, x 1, 7, t-7z~ c d.iti c yl .R oll c W 6" {t o 1 f2~~b', ~YT"~Y7Yltc, ilidN L*R~: *R2': Lhtz1AC-t ;a . ol S a J _2_ 7;F oft a"aa a 0 D t OZ -DtZ . %f 07°7 ), YEA EM n `- 94 7A 3 '- oil FJ ° a a IJX- ~ 3f ail aJ -111 ~t -. Rhb", t-I, J^r~i ~$7a~4'C6 'L Q,Lh ~'- k s ~ol ~ 'n A b zc I AtITV, . F7Jl~" ~I-t`Y0 paar YLtWNt7ag- . 0t.:7C5tab, 6-. mk -t al~z3zSMM~ al -91 WI AVIMUSIC FOR AMPLIFIED TOY li)f ~: 2 PIANOS °l. 'e+ 71 A 59 -?F - ° N of f IN ° ~N Ll all ~l °} °,1 S" Fi ig TLte Z' H OJ' 4'9'7Y1'

L1 °,Y ~d M. sl~ c ' .c R % 1611 ~''I E7I ~c~s~ ~TTb'tch, ~~'6tct`b't~%, X O} = 7} c o al _ 4~ .. =F 3M i' o1I cF *3 " A 5} - . Stz~T IJ:tz5tz4'~4''~tcAUgTMO)T-rAjLt, 7Ltch ...... <6 tOVi ,7,ktz5-CL ...... >~ z 1-~ LJ' V X v t of 0f 16l G? Ol 7`11 7C0A ra IMI 5q- Vj cF - ~1 `c e V 'rl' s °l d~~ fikJ I la ;b 17

0000090 0000000

. 1 1 C 7 z 1) 9J1\,OD 1,7(t, 2 U)PlIlLrtL7'267D Jf hY"wL, Lh.tQP'Jr,~Lt:. publizlerl Prof. K.0. Gdlz salt langem Ober Die eleklronische Bewegung lestlegen, isl berells ein Ich habe getrzuml, dell Ich ein Schmetlerllng geworden a Bakanntllch Schmetlerling, der rich ale t~_,~. h" $7a(T)3~ kinelische Malerei and Programmlerung tee *1*klro- Widersprueh in sick selbst. Man kann z. B. schon mlt bin. Bin ich der traumende die 10,- UM einen Sinustongenerator bauen - will man Mensch denkt? nlachen Fernsehens . Mein Interesse lur das Femseh*n Frequem oder IV) OD i ~irYc d~~tc . L~~L, warden . Dalur bedsnke Ihn aber ziemlich ger,au skalleren, d. h. seine C 11: _11 ist wesenllich van hhm angeregt gibt es in der Technlk Bin ich der traumende Mensch, der rich els SchmeHer- , disci- Ich mich mil groUem Respekl. Auch m6chle ich Vostells zen festlegen (absolut genau" Jfi,J~tIS~OD75~~, ~n. J,4~4C a~ culous<---,W~'1b', itc" Idea (Dacollage-Fernsehen) and die Bemuhungen vor, nicht and in der Physlk kaum), so benctigt man mehr ling denkt?" (Cage - Chan-Chu) Knud Wlggen (main@ ,Konkurr*nz" der ,Muslkmaschi- els 10000,- DM. Uber these natUrliche Unstabilitat kosmische Langewelle - pline ne"), das eleklronische Fernsehetudlo in Stockholm oul- hineus hahen wir haute noch eine andere Dimension Harmonie quasi Chaos - zubauen, filer onluhr*n. van Indelermlnlsmus das Elektron, namlich Ilfe-sendun- Chaos quasi Harmonie - K. 0. GCtz sagle elnmal : Ich habe vlele Experiments nit gen van Fernsehen, Radio, Polizeifunk, Amateurlunk, Meine neue Arbeit (Ausslellung der Musik, elektronl- Breunschen RBhron In Norwagen (vor 17 Jahren) ge- Kaffeemaschlnen, Eleklrobahrer, Schwarzsender, Pro- sches Fernsehen) stehl der letzten Art das NICHTS entstanden. Aber lelder kenn pagandasender. Funktaxl, SOS-Funk, Spionagefunk usw. naher. Vielleicht kann mars hiermit die Dimension van mecht. Tolle Bllder slnd Ausstrahlungen van Satelliten. Das Elektron Tiefe erschlie8en, die zwar empfunden warden kann, man as wader kontrollleren noch festlegen. FESTLE- bis zu den nur schwer nachzuweisen IsL 7D t)4A_D GEN! . . . dons Wort trel ml,h wle sin Blitz. Ja - darn let liberal]. Durch das Voriiberfahren eines Autos anl- die aber g*elgnetble Mlttel soln, um rich mlt dam steht schon sine neue Bewegung and Konstellallon. try It -,z t`CL, ~L*tt~4t4 , n(4LI~Z-t1EU-C2~ t,~ L , >C mutt *e das Anlangs wird es fur Sle (wahrsdreinlldt) Internsant Y~ >itttz . G~, a $b L C Indetermlnismus ausrinenderzusetzen (dam Zentral- seln - sp§ler wird as Iangweillg - problem van heuto In Ethlk and Aeelhetik, vlellelcht such Es glbt - grab gesagt - zwei oder zweieinhalb Typen aushalten! Ltc. In der Physlk and in der Wlrtschalt [slehe kUrzllche Po- van NICHTS: wieder Interessanl- iemlk zwlschen Erhard and Hellsleln]). Hlarin Ilegl das es wird (wahrscheinlich) H- ~9, "Z, ZL~xd~?J°? Grundkonzept molner Fornseh*xperlmente . Xhnllch wle 1.a) die absurd@ Geworfenhelt das menschlichen Do- dannwird es wieder longwellig - gekom- seine In these Welt (Faktlzital). aushallen! bet K. 0. Gbtz, der schon 1959 zu dam Ergebnle es wird (wahrscheinlich) wieder Inleressenl -- C men 1st, daB sin elaklronisches Slid, watches produktly .Warum tdlen Sle Mich"' Iangweillg - (nlchl reprodukliv) ezeugt warden soil, gewlssermaBen "Wait SIe euf dam anderen Ufer vom FIuB leben." darn wird as wieder lJ `/ l", __Il1~ti,J`lt ...... Indeterministlsch delinlert warden mull. Obwohl Glitz (Pascal Uber justice; Gesetz and Gerechligkeit. aushalten! Induktly and Ich nit Vostell deduktiv denke, kann man Jade vblkerrechlllche Gerechtigkeltout (justice) and C fX-- U, V7J', 2002, *b', y 6btZL ,. sager, da0 elektronlsches Fensehon nlchl *in* blots jeder Grenzstrelt beruft rich these .,fragility" . Anwendung and Ausweltung der oloktronischen Musik b) "Ni&.ts' air dielektlscher Moment das Sprungs zur derweilverbreltetslenPhfnomene Lt~ . out dam Geblet der Cpilk sind, sondern she stollen vlel- Frelhelt, rum Glauben an Gott. zur Aktlon der Revo- Wenn dies@Wells(sine .^ehr elnen Kontrast zur elektronlach*n Musik (zumln- lution undloder zur Vergewaltigung and Erschle8ung . . . in der physikalischen, blologlsch@n, menschlichen Walt) 1p, 0) ~~D gelangst Du vlellelcht lenselts das -7c to- ~S SCD<,1 5~ 3J'liP' ,, I7J fPaPr:- ~6tdb, -PT dal in Ihre ersten Stuls) der, die sowohl In Ihnr serl- bellebtea Theme van Sartre-Camus etc. akkumulierl, dann elian komposltorlschen Methods, We such in Ihr*r onlo- Des Nldtts a)b) isl humanlstlseh, dynamiseh, appas- Schbnen and Unschdnen. , . ? Ob ich SIe uberzeugen kann oder nichl - >LACt~C loglschen Form (zurWlederholung destinlarter Aulzelch- s!onato, oft graunm. (Maine b1sherlge Tatigkeil [Action Oberzeu- nung euf Tonband) sine testgelegte, determlniele Ten- music etc.] gehdrt eher ;vlellelcht] In these Kategorle) . Ob man Oberhaupt in solchen Sachen andere Eigen- gen dart oder nichl (es gibl keine Grenze zwischen denz aulweisl. Naturlich hat solche stllierische 2 Anders Arlen das Nichts rind statisch, kosmolo- Oberzeugen and Zwingen), das tat elne andere Frage. schaft wader etwas nit hoher oder nledriger B@wertung glach, transhumenistlach, ontologisch . . . etc. Jedenlalls sage ich gerne nit Dick Higgins rum Muslk- L. L -Z, `fLt, einzelner Stuck@ zu tun (wenn as Uberhaupt solche (LeO- Muslkreporler, Ira Dlnge auSerhalb der Kunstaukllon gibt), noch betrlfft Nldds els Vollkommenheit=vorweltliches Chaos kriliker oder besser gesagt, rum C 5, e ^r F9-CDdi, TV 9 77 '(t,~ tZb'J AI~ffiPHJ, fPH~tJ , 50~I 1I "C, fee, Chan-Chu)-Transhumanlstische Mysterle (Ding an Sinne Sportreporlert man kann ein Pferd bls rum Mull "'L, das die Immer noch lunge Zukunit der eleklronisch*n slch" bet Kent) - bringer, aber man kann as nicht zwingen zu trinken. Musik (wle ale etch wieder Ira letzten Konz*rt Muslk air PailbJ', 3#_3TJfrfPa10)13r, fi der Zeil' In Kdln demonstrlerte). NICHTS ela primbrer Gegenstand der Metaphyslk NAM JUNE PAIK nidrt nur des ru behnd*hsde MalwiY van Selnslrage (Heldegger) - (Deuleeh van C. CASPARI) beautiful LL, ~BMAPa9/J A7p N7 kh tmbe lensells der Sichtweite das Pelomar-Teleskops - ~ . h, 20 Khz :u 4 Mlu we 19M sondern Idr heb* eNe die optimlstischer Nalurkult van Montaigne-Cage (as hat P. S. AuBerdem lernte Ich van Mary Bauermelster den t~L ,tJ°?ffllx4 phys"llodw Elgenedutt das Elekhon bench (hkN*r- merkwurdig, daB noch nlemand Uber die verbluflende intenslven Gebrauch technlacher Elements, van Allson mbthmus, Deppelcharakaer wm Korpuskel (ToKchan) and Xhnlichkelt van Cage and Montaigne geschrleben hat) Knowls cooking party", van J. Cage prepared piano" ...... , W~ (Zualond). Die klekmw ENIh*K dl* nmnschlk9»r z. B. etc. etc. etc. . . . ., van Kiender die Verwendung van IL, LL, V*retand g*gernrirtig dank*n and nerhweYen kann, lot van Klein ,Monochromity", van Kopko sine tonne Ohrlelge fOr den Nassisdun Dualbnun h ,Eln Phllosoph splelt mlt der Katze. Splegelfollen, Ersehelnung, Spl*It der Phllosoph mil der Katze? shutting event", van Maclunas Parachute", van Patter- dx PhOosophle "ft Plebn . . . Waen UND oder son jeremlnschaltung and Ansatz zur Elektronlk", van saeaNs UND erktende. Beim Elekbon )edodr . . . Splelt die Katz@ mlt dam Phllosoph?" Vostell die Verwendung van Stzcheldraht and van EKISTENTIA 1ST ESSENTIA (Montaigne) Tomas Schmib and Frank Trowbridge viol* veredNedene ;>>,~D'XllU, , . Lb , L, OP7M.~*Pt3P (Ndereasante PwM*le mlt swiracher Spokuls- bet unnrer Zunmm@narb*It. C 1&)'C, k{t, LA,C-~'1s,L,b,-F1*A4, - LELL tlon Uber the m*mchlidw Fr*Iho t) Sachen -Az , P72~ ~~hYL, *C "L66~D hi, C 5 -vii L , . 4 PHI. , . PH91 Y~~7 -Ct 7,Fi o))yb','xhof LL ,. 1963, "The introduction to the electronic TV show at Parnass Gallery, Cologne . Originally printed in the Kbtner Stadt- LL -C-, why 2~L why ~f xh4-f~~~k~TrtJ',

'music walks' ODY z o x%M4~Jl9 6elerie22 1i), far better C 4Ila pl*fb', k -D Y~ There lived a man called John Cage L L , 5 t70-C, far better I aI t:VJ, OD `-L V~f - if I may say "better" C F 9-3 i 9'C, 1r , -~'ta~. ~btzt:4I4D717 Y9~iL, a h C t.:/j , 5, t's 0L, -P6DV1, t's d1L7DL , t f-PJCDM4CtcL , ~L, sL , trb', ~kpY~Y , «t~~.C.ld.r ~b bbI? C tc4 , T-ts.r-f7 oZ . t9 -if ? "Mann muss etwas sager" -eb o`a,A ta ~ta62~1 o)rta 16