DOCSLIB.ORG

An Evaluation of Fishery and Aquaculture Programs of the Agency for International Development an E Alato Offshr A~Ndaquculureprogram CO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Evaluation of Fishery and Aquaculture Programs of the Agency for International Development an E Alato Offshr A~Ndaquculureprogram CO An Evaluation of Fishery and Aquaculture Programs of the Agency for International Development an E alato ofFshr a~ndAquculureProgram CO. e A... for Int National DeveloDment Marine Techn;.ca Aitatnce Group Ocea Policy Committee . Comimisdon on Physica Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Resarh Council NaI onal Academy Press Wainbhe~on, D.C.1962. .NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing" Dard of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the comittee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been raviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the Natinnal Rcademy of Sciences, the National Acadamy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies detormined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter uf 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. Available from Ocean Policy Committee .National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 Printed in the United States of America .Mamn) a It ittion 1. ooumza ghvrat of MFArland; J0 P. Ea Vi.. tisito. of ...-... +I~i II j. N w ivritI*s of-lout ern California Om_0. GZUS3] noboeg, laska ipInstitotlo of Ocanography G. *661A!, Orgon W4t niest JUSX .KIW6,r. Moashtts Institute of Techology JoUW A..UAUSS+ Oniversity oofe, sla d JON Lim", Uiversity of shington CHA lE-m ImWG, Carnegie Andowent for International Peace JO 5.mr5.- Unlwrsity of Wisconsin Madison R.0. RE*LT, i-Univrslty of California, San Diego DAVID A. BS, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MIY HOPE KAT O n, NationalReserob Council, Executive .ecretar, 1mA TC.ICRCAL ,AfI8TARN OP *J0wM LISWO (Chairman), University of Washington DItNHARDL. ,ASSANM11SU, University: of Denver JOWMoP.ClAUIvI, University of HaWaii" " VIC WIwS, Universi"ty of Delaware­ .RICAR 3.-mm ,=Denver,- Colorado Womm VELZ, Univeriity. of California San DiegO OAVID &. RMOS, i"oods Hole Oceano'graphic Institution WaISa 3. STUR'v, JRl.,Old Dominion Uhiveriy *0IRISTOPS3I. K. VRZRIP0OL, ichigmn state Uiversity *1P.AI8CIS WILLAI,, Oniversity:of Miami *Nsmber of Marine Technical Assistaince Group'lvaluation Team John V. Byrne, Ovegon State University, Was a Member Of the Ocean Policy. Comitt.ee and the 14arine Technical. Assistance Group frm 1979 until February 1981. AiL CaMSUGPIOM: ON PHYSICAL SCIRJCIA, AATBHWTICS, - 33OUs.. BROR FRIDPM (Ce-Chairman), National Research Council ROBUT N. WHITE (Co-C~ikaan)', University Corporation for Atmospheric Rosearoh STANLEY I. AUIUMCH, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ELKAm 'R B TLOUHarvardNedical School WILLIAM iOWDER, Princeton UniVersity BUMAD F. aldoE Nanai"husettw Institute of technology HIMAN.CE3IMpO, MassachusettsI nstitute of Technology WALTZRAH. NCKSUV , Exxon Corporation JOSEPH L. FISHER, Office of the Governor, Cowwmnvealth of Virginia JAWS C. PL&M IBR, University of Pittsburgh WILLIM A. FONLZR, CallIornia Institute of Technology GEMART FRIEDLAUDER, Brookhaven National Laboratory EDISRD A* FRIEIANl, Science Applications# Inc. WNAMD D. GOLDBI, Scripps Institution Of Oceanography KONRAD B. KPAUSKOPF Stanford university CHALES. 7,NAVKIN, Oklhom Geological Survey WALTER k.. MUI, University of California, San Diego WOROF.M"ELm, New York University Medical Center DANIEL A. OKUN, University of. North Carolina Gaon= 3. PA1l, Xerox Research Center DAVID PIME1TZL, Cornell Univerbity CHARLES K. DIED, Nctional-Research Council HATTRI S YODO..R, JR., Carnegie Institution of Washington iv EXCUTI gm8my 1 Purpose, Methodo1ogy 2 PISEAIS POGMAMS WITHIN TuE AGZNCT FOR INTMT1OUM DWWSWN1 11 3 EVALUATION o0 TUE KoREAN FISUES VWITALI I TOt PWGRAfi 16 4. AD GRAWT T'OU.S. uNIVZRSITIES 23 International Center for arine Resodrces Development, University of Rhode Island International Center for Aquaculture, kburn University Problems in the 211(d) Mechanics 5' OTER MNCHANI S FO FISHERIES ASSISTANCE 40 6 ,.CONCLUSIONS AND RDCHUNCI DATIONS 44 MOTES- 62 mzRMv Cs 64 Appendix A-. Snuary Tables of AID Fisheries/Aquaculture Programs A.11 Sumary of Fishery. and Aquaculture Projects of AID 67 A.2 Fishery and Aquacuitue Projects, of the Agency for International:Developeent and. Auburn Un versity. iwwkr of Projocto and Expndiure 7 A.3 1Fishery and Aquacaiture Projects of the Agency for I"tarnatonal..Deve ant 4nd Auburn University: Duration of Pr0jects and Nur of Developing Country Personnel n72 AppendiM Is8 Inmary Ivaluatlons of Selected. AID flaberles Programs 3.1. Indian il?,shertes Development Progra 73 B3 Guinean Irawllng Survey 77 5.3 BaSt Afrtican Freshwater Fisheries Project 81 3.4 Ibilippirt Fisheries Davelopment 65 .A4ndixCs Inventtory of AID Projects In Fisheries and Aquaculture 89 .vi This evaluation of fishories programs of the Agency for International P veloPuent (AID) was undertaken by the utrine Technical Assistance Graup (MY ), o ..the Ocean Policy Coittee, in repons Io a requost from that agency. It is part of a larger study of U.S. technical assistance and ration in oceanography, marine f!shbries" and inland fisheries, including aquaculture. This report includea a brief .review of the pattern of AID asliStance efforts in fisherlea since World War IU, detA2led analysis of three major fM. heries programs, sumaries of a number of regional program, and a eries g -,onolusipm and reooammndations on how the effectiveness of future programs might be improved. Immediately following World War I, U.S. foreign assistance in fisheries was directed mainly toward the development. of modern commercial fisheries as a means to strengthen the ioonomies and rapidly. increase the food supply in countries with serious food deficits. Thi. effort involved large-scale programs to provide boatsr, gear, harbors, and: processing equipment and to retrain local fishermen and fisheri4a wOrkers in the use of modern euipmlnt. Usually AID was directly responsible for hiring experts and supervising programs. Large-scale program in Korea and India followed this'pattern, as did a number of smaller programs in other parts of the world. During the.late 19605, U.S. foreign assistance began to be directed ore Specifically toward the poorest people in developing countries. Large industrial fisheries development programs were curtailed in .favor of ad gPr~ojects, generally tied to agricultural development program.- AIID attached a lover d priority to fisheries during this period and most of the agan..,'8 own expertise in fisheries was lost. .AID did serve as the lead U.S. agency in a domestic program largely carried out by the Vuieeu of Comercial riserie (now the National arine fisheries Servie) during the late 1960a to develop a process for production of fish protein concentrate. The program was a failure a-d 'further reduced AID interest in marine fisheries"as a target for d1velopmet assistance. 2 More recently there hss been increased interest in fisheries within AID, much of it directed toward aquaculture. However, fisheries activities are accorded a relatively minor position within the administrative structure of AID, and funding for fisheries programs constitutes only a small portion of AID's expenditures for enhancement of food production techniques. At leaat three factors justify an expanded fisheries program within AID: * Congressional support for such an increase is indicated by the inclusion of Sea Grant Colleges within the Title XII revision of the Foreign Assistance Act and .by the inclusion of fisheries as a priority area of food production. * Limitations in agricultural production are becoming apparent in the decreasing amount of land available for agriculture and in the increasing marginal cost of agricultural production. Fisheries assistance often has been suggested as an economical alternative to enhancement of agricultural production. * Developing countries are expressing increased interest in exploiting and controlling the resources within their recently acquired 200-mile exclusive economic zones, and the United States has an interest in gaining access to these zones for trade, scientific research, and for defense purposes. The report considers the following project mechanisms used by AID to support fisheries programs: 1. Direct funding and supervision of programs by AID, usually involving AID employees in an operational capacity in a foreign country. 2. Use of U.S. universities as sources of expertise and sometimes as management entities for development programs. 3. Funding through a regional or international organization,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • POST-RELEASE MORTALITY of SCHOOL-SIZE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus Thynnus) in the U.S
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2013 Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin unaT (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery Benjamin Jon Marcek College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Marcek, Benjamin Jon, "Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin unaT (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617936. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-fknv-f695 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POST-RELEASE MORTALITY OF SCHOOL-SIZE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus thynnus) IN THE U.S. RECREATIONAL TROLL FISHERY A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Benjamin Jon Marcek 2013 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Benjamin'Jon Marcek Approved, by the Committee, August 2013 ihn E. Graves, Ph.D. Committee Chairman/Advisor f Mary . Fabrizio, pfct). Richard W. Brill, Ph.D. John M. Brubaker, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Salmon Wrapup
    Looking Back: Hansen seiners UNITED FISHERMEN OF ALASKA www.pacificfishing.com THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR FISHERMEN n OCTOBER 2016 Salmon wrapup US $2.95/CAN. $3.95 10 • California herring reform 63126 • Pink problems IN THIS ISSUE Editor's note Wesley Loy ® Pink THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR FISHERMEN INSIDE problems Just as this issue of the magazine was going to press, Alaska Gov. Bill Walk- er sent a letter asking U.S. Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker to declare a fishery disaster for parts of the state experiencing poor pink salmon harvests this season. Walker also directed staff to promptly consider payment waivers for pink salmon fishermen holding state loans. Observer safety review • Page 6 A disaster declaration potentially could result in millions of dollars in federal relief for Alaska’s fishing industry. Alaska isn’t the only state hoping for help after a tough fishing season. California is seeking a federal disaster declaration for its crab fishery, which was hobbled last season due to an algae-related marine toxin. For sure, Alaska pink salmon fishermen had a miserable year. The state- wide harvest of about 38 million pinks was far below the preseason forecast of 90 million. Walker requested a disaster declaration for two areas that historically have Salmon wrapup • Page 8 produced large volumes of pink salmon – Prince William Sound and Kodiak. He also included two minor fisheries in his request – Chignik and Lower Cook Inlet. Curiously, the major Southeast Alaska fishery was not included in the governor’s request, even though Southeast likewise had a subpar pink salmon harvest this year.
    [Show full text]
  • By RAMYLEO T. PELAYO Special Project Report in Partial Fulfillment
    THE PHILIPPINE FISHERIES SYSTEM: A MANAGEMENT PLANNING PERSPECTIVE by RAMYLEO T. PELAYO Special Project Report in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Marine Resources Management Program College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 1983 For Lilia and Janice ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My study grant for a masteral program in Marine Resources Management (MRM) came from the Philippine Governments agricul- tural loan project with the United States Government. I am therefore thankful to the officials and staffs of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the projects coor- dinating agencies for their respective governments, and the Phil- ippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Deve- lopment (PCARRD), the agency I work for. I am particularly indebted to Dr. Elvira 0. Tan, PCARRD Director for Fisheries Research, for recommending me for a fel- lowship. In the end, I appreciate the favorable appraisal of my graduate committee: Dr. Victor T. Neal, MRM Program Coordinator and project adviser; Prof. Robert Schoning of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; and Dr. William Pearcy of the College of Oceanography. Among my professors, I should thank Dr. Charles Warren for providing me with a fresh lens for viewing resource science and management. My deepest gratitude goes to Olga and Bruce Sutherland without whose generosity and friendship my experience here would not have been as meaningful and fruitful. I also give my thanks to several other people who helped me in different ways during the making of this report, especially Kathryn Boeckman, Peter Howd, Heather Fawkes, Gary Braun, Federico and Emma Valerio, Anne-Marie Fagnan, Tish Parmenter, Mark Solon, Peter Ochumba, Gustavo Montero, Taka Hirai, Bill Ratliff, and my co-workers in PCARRD, Cesar Pagdilao, Rachel Baguilat, and Ester Cortes.
    [Show full text]
  • Boat Conference Organized by the U.N
    Copiesavellshie from: SeeGrant Extension Program 6022 MoCartyHall Universityof Florida Gslnssvlila,F I.3281 1 PletW.SseOrant Cogsge le supportedhy awed of the Officeof SeeOrant, NationalOceania aad AtrnoepherieAdmlnletradon, U4. Depert- raentef Cetmmrm,grant nwahw NAESAA-~, underprovisions of the Natkmef8ee GrantCogege and ProgramsAot of 1888. This hdenaatlaals pehlldtedhy the SeeOrant Eatenekm Proipam wideh funatlons as ~ componentof the Florida CooperativeEatenslon Ssrvtse. JehuT. ggaeste,dom, In mmduetlngCoeperadve Extension work in Agriculture.Home Eoonomies, and ggerineSeieneee. State of Fkrride.U.S. gttpartnrsntef Agrharlture,UA Qspartmentof Commerse,and Soerdeof County Commiesloasm,cooperating. printed end dlstrlhutedIn ferdsemnseof the Acts of CengrWsof Stay 8 aadJune 1 1,1814. The Florida See Orant College h anEqual Employment Opportunity-Affirme- ~ eeAetkm employeraatharlmd m 'yrow4h~h, edaoatloaalkrformadon and other earvtaeeonly to individualsand InstNutlomthat ~ aoettenwithout Nacrd ta ress,eaktr, eea, or nationalorigin. I NTERNATIQNAL CONFERENCE DN DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION,AND OPERATIONOF COMMERCIAL F I SHING VESSELS Sponsored By: Florida Sea Grant College Program Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Southeast Section Florida Institute of Technology College of Science and Engineering: OceanEngineering Program Held At: Florida Institute of Technology Edi ted By: John C. Sainsbury Thomas M. Leahy Sea Grant Project No. IR/84-6 Grant No. NA 80AA-D-00038 Report Number 67 Florida Sea Grant College May 1985 Price: $10.00 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SPONSORS: Florida Sea Grant College Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Southeast Section Florida Institute of Technology, College of Engineering: OceanEngineering Program CONFERENCEGENERAL CHAIRMAN: Dr. JohnC. Sainsbury,Professor Chairman, Ocean Engineering Program, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA CDGRDI NATI NG COMMITTEE: Tom Col 't ins, Desco.
    [Show full text]
  • The Invention of Power Block
    Purse seines hauled by a power block http://www.fao.org/fishery/equipment/powerblock/en SIXTY ANNIVERSARY OF PATENTING POWER BLOCK - SHORT STORY ON MARIO PURATIĆ (1904-1993) Jakov DULČIĆ and Branko DRAGIČEVIĆ (AdriaMed team) Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, CROATIA POWER BLOCK-MARIO PURATIĆ Power block is a mechanized pulley used to haul in nets, purse seine, etc. During the last decades, fishermen and deck equipment manufacturers introduced various ingenious innovations aimed to reducing manpower on board and facilitating the working procedure during fishing operations. One such innovation was the power block. No single invention has contributed more to the success of purse seine net hauling than extensive line of Power Blocks. First introduced in the 1950's the Puretic Power Block line became the linch-pin in the mechanization of purse seining. Combined with fluid hydraulic power technology and new large synthetic nets, it changed the whole character of purse seine fishing. The original Puretic power block was driven by an endless rope from the warping head of a winch. Such power blocks seem to be now used rarely, if at all. Nowdays, as a rule, power blocks are driven by hydraulic pumps driven from the main or auxiliary engine. http://www.fao.org/fishery/equipment/powerblock/en POWER BLOCK-MARIO PURATIĆ Mario Puratić (Sumartin, Island Brač, Croatia, 26 June 1904. – Santa Barbara, California, USA, 6 January 1993.) – Croatian fisherman from Brač becomes and American inventor – (usually spelled Puretic or Puretich in English) Mario Puratić Birth house POWER BLOCK-MARIO PURATIĆ - born in a family of farmers and fishermen - as many of his countrymen, he left his home in 1925 to seek a better life in the United States, where he was a hard-working fisherman on large tuna purse seiners -in 1954 he invented fishing equipment that revolutionized the technology of hauling fishing nets; patent approval was on 7th Feb 1956 -- Until then fishing nets had to be manually drawn by eight to ten people, which was an extremely difficult job.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Fisherman
    WILLIAM B. McCLOSKEY, JR. THE NEW FISHERMAN Hydraulic hoses and black boxes make fishing easier, but exact a price. We took hail and spray in our faces and crouched buoy of the first crab pot: barely a minute's search monkey-style to keep pace while working the gear on for a 2-foot pink buoy hidden in rolling seas during a a pitching deck glazed with ice. The wind blew a snowstom. straight 35 knots and gusted 60. Up through the Despite the weather, we worked all night, black hydraulic block zipped a crab pot-a 7-foot-square waves that could obliterate us towering over our by 3-foot steel-framed cage. Seven hundred pounds deck; worked without stop through all the daylight empty, it would now weigh 1000 to 2500 pou~ hours and on through the next night until about 2 depending on the number of king crabs insi£ Its AM. At last, peeling off our raingear but nothing else, trip up from the seafloor 60 fathoms below took we groaned to our bunks. about a minute. The pot surfaced in a froth of purple By the first grey light, the skipper had the wheel crab shapes and water. We braced it at the rail again. He slowed the engine, a standard signal. Our waiting for the proper boat motion, and swung it fishermen's discipline responded with feet back into aboard, holding tight to prevent a wild swing. Then it damp boots, salt-clammy raingear over our clothes. was teamwork on the run, to prepare the line and And so for seven days, until our tanks were filled.
    [Show full text]
  • RECENT USE of FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES in the EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC TUNA PURSE-SEINE FISHERY: 1990-1994 (Revised March 1996)
    RECENT USE OF FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC TUNA PURSE-SEINE FISHERY: 1990-1994 (Revised March 1996) (This is a revised copy of Administrative Report LJ-95-14) By Wesley A. Armstrong and Charles W. Oliver Southwest Fisheries Science Center P.O. Box 271 La Jolla, California 92038-0271 March 1996 ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LJ-96-02 Contents Page List of Figures....................................................................................................................................ii List of Tables.................................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................1 LOGS ...............................................................................................................................................2 FADS................................................................................................................................................4 FAD INVESTIGATIONS: 1990-1992 .............................................................................................6 FAD INVESTIGATIONS: 1993-1994 .............................................................................................7 DOLPHIN-SAFE QUESTIONNAIRE.............................................................................................8 SKIPPER A's FADs: Drifting FADs: Construction and Deployment..........................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Seasonal Variations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and Climate Change on the Tuna-Dolphin Association
    University of San Diego Digital USD Theses Theses and Dissertations Winter 11-25-2019 The effects of seasonal variations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and climate change on the tuna-dolphin association Caitlynn Birch University of San Diego Michael D. Scott Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Zhi-Yong Yin University of San Diego Lisa T. Ballance Oregon State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Digital USD Citation Birch, Caitlynn; Scott, Michael D.; Yin, Zhi-Yong; and Ballance, Lisa T., "The effects of seasonal variations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and climate change on the tuna-dolphin association" (2019). Theses. 40. https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses/40 This Thesis: Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO San Diego The effects of seasonal variations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and climate change on the tuna-dolphin association A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental and Ocean Sciences by Caitlynn Amber Birch Thesis Committee Michael D. Scott, PhD., Chair Lisa T. Ballance, PhD. Zhi-Yong Yin, PhD. 2019 i Copyright 2019 Caitlynn Birch iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and most of all, I would like to thank Dr. Michael Scott for his incredible expertise, assistance, guidance and patience throughout the course of this project and thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • FAO Fishery Country Profile
    FISHERY COUNTRY PROFILE Food and Agriculture Organization of the FID/CP/USA United Nations PROFIL DE LA PÊCHE PAR PAYS Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture RESUMEN INFORMATIVO Organización de las Naciones Unidas para February 2005 SOBRE la Agricultura y la Alimentación LA PESCA POR PAISES t THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA I. General geographic and economic data Land and Water Area[ii]: Land: 9,631,418 sq. km // water: 469,495 sq km EEZ area (to 200 miles) [iii]: 3.36 million sq. nm = 11.5 million sq. km Length of coastline[iv]: 19,924 km Population (2005) [v]: US: 295,184 // World: 6,410,524,000 GDP (2004) [vi]: US$ $11,815 billion Per Capita GDP (2003)[vii] US$ 37,898 Agriculture (Farms) GDP (2003) [viii]: US$ 84.8 billion, 0.8 % of total US GDP Forestry, Fishing, & Hunting GDP (2003) Combined US$ 29.1 billion, 0.3 % of US GDP [ix] II. Fisheries data (2003) [x] Production Imports Exports Food Per supply caput sup.* mt in live weight - except mollusks kg/year Fish for direct 3,420,000 4,390,000 2,450,000 5,360,000 26.8 human consumption Fish for animal 900,000 310,000 620,000 590,000 4.2 feed and other purposes TOTAL 4,320,000 4,700,000 3,070,000 5,950,000 31.0 * Per capita supply excludes exports, is live weight, and includes military abroad 1. Estimated employment Primary sector: The number of vessels greater than 5 net tons with commercial fishing documents is about 36,150 (2005)[xi]In an internal NMFS analysis of commercial fishing craft that were licensed and actively fished during 2004, there were about 19,350 vessels and 17,300 boats.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsistence, Commercial, and Recreational Fisheries
    p. 567-594. In: The Ecology of Marine Fishes: California and Adjacent Waters. 2006. L.G. Allen, D.J. Pondella, and M. H. Horn (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, 670 pp. C HAPTER 22 Subsistence, Commercial, and Recreational Fisheries MILTON S. LOVE Introduction occurred during the late Pleistocene, at least 12,000 years before the present (BP) (Erlandson et al., 1996; Rick, 1999). The marine fisheries of California extend back thousands of Many of these early subsistence communities utilized an years and encompass many dozens of species. This chapter extremely wide range of marine and terrestrial animals and describes the broad trends in these fisheries from the time of plants. And while these earliest settlers captured fishes as the first aboriginal fishermen to the present day. We can only part of their diet, shellfish were usually more important paint with a broad brush and we will leave the mass of catch (Erlandson, 1991, 1994; Warren, 1968). However, it is clear statistics and other detailed analyses for such technical works that there was a great deal of variability in the food habits of as Leet et al. (2001). the first California residents. For instance, fishes contributed It is important to note that over the years landings in both 50–65% (edible meat) to the diets of the inhabitants of Daisy the recreational and commercial fisheries have been quite Cave, San Miguel Island, a site dated to at least 12,000 BP volatile. As noted by Thomson (2001), “Landings tend to (Rick, 1999). increase with stock abundance, as fish are easier and less costly Fish species central to the diets of coastal peoples varied to locate and harvest when they are at higher levels of abun- with location.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Number 3 0 Appendixes A,B, & C
    ~“&+?a . g#E#,~ fJJ)py . ~~ Technical Report Number 30 Appendixes A,B, & C A,a@()~3 I Socioeconomic Studies Program Sponsor: Bureau of Land Management Northern and Western Gulf of Alaska Petroleum Development Scenarios Commercial Fishing Industry Analysis The United States Department of the Interior was designated by the Outer Continental Shelf (O(X) Lands Act of 1953 to carry out the majority of the Act’s provisions for administering the mineral leasing and develop- ment of offshore areas of the United States under federal jurisdiction. Within the Department, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has the responsibility to meet requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 @_EPA) as well as other legislation and regulations dealing with the effects of offshore development. In Alaska, unique cultural differences and climatic conditions create a need for developing addi- tional socioeconomic and environmental information to improve OH deci- sion making at all governmental levels. In fulfillment of its federal responsibilities and with an awareness of these additional information needs, the BLM has initiated several investigative programs, one of which is the Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program (SESP). The Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program is a multi-year research effort which attempts to predict and evaluate the-effects of Alaska OCS Petroleum Development upon the physical, social, and economic environ- ments within the state. The overall methodology is divided into three broad research components. The first component identifies an alterna- tive set of assumptions regarding the location, the nature, and the timing of future petroleum events and related activities. In this component, the program takes into account the particular needs of the petroleum industry and projects the human, technological, economic, and environmental offshore and onshore development requirements of the regional petroleum industry.
    [Show full text]
  • References Technological Aspects of the Modern Norwegian Purse Seine
    NORWEGIAN PURSE SEINE TECHNOLOGY 225 net is then shot. Sometimes two boats cooperate. In that tons, whereas the smallest open boats seldom exceed case, one of the boats equipped with an echo sounder 50 metric tons each. stays above the school until the second one has shot the net around it. Small mechanical purse winches are commonly available. Sometimes, in the case of smaller References boats, manual winches are used. During pursing, the vessels have to be anchored in order to stay clear of the ANON Records of catches. Aegir, 1961-69. net. In the case of cooperation of two boats, the search JAKOBSSON, J Recent developments in Icelandic Herring Purse boat sometimes purses· by steaming with one end of the 1964 Seining- In Modern Fishing Gear of the World, 2, purse line away from the catch boat. Power blocks are pp. 294-305. London. not generally used. (Personal communication from Hjortur Fjeldsted, Akureyri.) THORSTEINSSON, G Fangrnethoden in der Kabeljaufischerei. The season starts in late April and lasts as long as 1965 Protokolle zur Fischereitechnik, Vol. IX, pp. 288-381. schools can be found, usually until late July. If the fish THORSTEINSSON, G Icelandic purse seines with double is scattered, the vessels take up other fishing gear, such 1970 leadline- Construction and experience. FAO Techni­ as handlines or Danish seines. The average catch of cal Conference on Fish Finding, Purse Seining and boats above 20 GT is in most years more than 200 metric Aimed Trawling. Reykjavik. (See p. 273 ff.) Technological Aspects of the Modern Norwegian J. Hamre, 0.
    [Show full text]