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AQUIFER MAPPING AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF NCT DELHI CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD STATE UNIT OFFICE NEW DELHI 2016 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Principal Contributors Dr. Uma Kapoor, Regional Director Shri Durjoy Chakraborty, Scientist -D Shri N. Jyothi Kumar, Scientist-C Shri R. Chandra, Scientist -C Shri Sanjay Nayak, Asst. HG Smt Sonia Kapoor, Asst. GP Guest Contributors V Vijesh Kumar, Scientist -B Under Supervision of Dr. P. Nandkumaran, Regional Director Shri Sanjay Marwaha, Regional Director Shri Y. B. Kaushik, Regional Director Shri S. K. Sinha, Scientist-D Guidance Shri K. B. Biswas, Chairman Shri K. C. Nayak, Member (RGI) Dr. Dipankar Saha, Member (SAM) Dr. E. Sampath Kumar Member (SML) Shri G. C. Pati, Member (WQ&TT) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors sincerely acknowledge the guidance received from Sh. K.B. Biswas, Chairman, Central Ground Water Board, Shri K.C. Naik, Member (RGI), Dr. Dipankar Saha, Member (SAM), Dr. E. Sampath Kumar, Member (SML) and Shri G.C. Pati, Member (WQ&TT) from time to time in carrying out the study and completion of report. The authors are also thankful to Dr. P. Nandakumaran, Regional Director, Shri S. Marwaha, Regional Director, Shri Y.B. Kaushik, Regional Director and Shri Sujit Sinha, Scientist ‘D’ and TS to Chairman for providing guidance at various stages of the study. Thanks are also due to Dr. Sudhanshu Shekhar, Scientist ‘D’, who carefully went through the draft copy of this report and suggested several improvements. Efforts of Shri Sailesh Bhatnagar, Scientist ‘B’ for his help provided in analysis and interpretation of geophysical data are gratefully acknowledged. Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... viii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope of the study .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Approach and Methodology ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Data Availability & Data Gap Analysis .................................................................................... 4 2. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL ................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Humidity ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Cloudiness ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Winds ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Special Weather Phenomena ................................................................................................. 8 2.6 Rainfall Pattern ....................................................................................................................... 9 3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC SET UP................................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Physiography ........................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Geomorphology .................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Landuse ................................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Soil ........................................................................................................................................ 22 3.4.1 Soil Infiltration Test ........................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Hydrology and Drainage ....................................................................................................... 27 4. HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 30 4.1 Geology ................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2 Ground Water Exploration ................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Geophysical Investigations ................................................................................................... 37 4.3.1 Geophysical Studies (VES) along Najafgarh Drain .............................................................. 38 4.3.2 Geophysical Studies (VES) at Dwarka .................................................................................. 40 4.3.3 Aquifer disposition of NCT, Delhi based on VES andBorehole logging data ........................ 43 4.4 Ground Water Dynamics ..................................................................................................... 45 4.4.1 Water level behavior ......................................................................................................... 47 4.4.2 Decadal water level trend ................................................................................................ 52 i 4.4.3 Ground water flow ............................................................................................................ 56 5. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................................................... 60 5.1 pH and Turbidity ................................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Total Hardness (TH) .............................................................................................................. 62 5.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) .................................................................................................. 62 5.4 Electrical Conductivity (EC) ................................................................................................... 63 ¯ 2 5.5 Major Anions (F , Cl¯, HCO3¯, SO4 ¯ and NO3¯) ..................................................................... 64 5.6 Major Cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) ............................................................................................... 68 5.7 Water Type and Hydrochemical Facies ................................................................................ 69 5.8 Heavy/Trace Metal Distribution ........................................................................................... 70 5.9 Bacteriological Contamination: ............................................................................................ 72 5.10 Pesticides .............................................................................................................................. 73 5.11 Suitability for Irrigation ......................................................................................................... 75 6. AQUIFER MAP AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................... 79 6.1 Aquifer Disposition ............................................................................................................... 79 6.1.1 East District ........................................................................................................................ 81 6.1.2 New Delhi District .............................................................................................................. 83 6.1.3 North East District ............................................................................................................. 84 6.1.4 North West District ............................................................................................................ 85 6.1.5 South District ..................................................................................................................... 86 6.1.6 South West District............................................................................................................ 89 6.1.7 West District ...................................................................................................................... 90 6.1.8 North District ..................................................................................................................... 90 6.1.9 Central District ................................................................................................................... 91 6.1.10 Aquifer disposition along River Yamuna ........................................................................... 92 6.2 Basement topography .......................................................................................................... 93 6.3 Thickness of