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Royal Mint Trading Fund Annual Report | 2011-12
Royal Mint Trading Fund Annual Report | 2011-12 Making Money for Everyone Royal Mint Trading Fund Annual Report and Accounts 2011-12 Presented to the Parliament pursuant to section 4(6) of the Government Trading Funds Act 1973 as amended by the Government Trading Act 1990 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 5 July 2012 HC 264 | London: The Stationery Office | £ 21.25 © Crown copyright 2012 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or e-mail: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at the Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or email: [email protected]. This publication is available for download at www.official-documents.gov.uk. This document is also available from our website at www.royalmint.com. ISBN: 9780102976519 Printed in the UK for The Stationery Office Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID 2486320 06/12 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. Annual Report and Accounts 2011-12 The Royal Mint Trading Fund Royal Mint Trading Fund Accounting Officer is Jeremy Pocklington The Royal Mint Limited Directors The Royal Mint Museum -
The Milled Coinage of Elizabeth I
THE MILLED COINAGE OF ELIZABETH I D. G. BORDEN AND I. D. BROWN Introduction THIS paper describes a detailed study of the coins produced by Eloy Mestrelle's mill at the Tower of London between 1560 and 1571. We have used the information obtained from an examination of the coins to fill out the story of Eloy and his machinery that is given by the surviving documents. There have been a number of previous studies of this coinage. Peter Sanders was one of the first to provide a listing of the silver coins1 and more recently one of us (DGB) has published photographs of the principal types.2 The meagre documentary evidence relating to this coinage has been chronicled by Ruding,3 Symonds,4 Craig,5 Goldman6 and most recently by Challis.7 Hocking8 and Challis have given accounts of what little it known of the machinery used. This study first summarises the history of Mestrelle and his mill as found in the documents and then describes our die analysis based on an examination of enlarged photographs of 637 coins. We combine these two to propose a classification for the coinage in Appendix 2. Mestrelle and the Milled Coinage of Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I succeeded her sister Mary I as queen of England and Ireland in November 1558. On 31 December 1558 she signed a commission to Sir Edmund Peckham as high treasurer of the mint to produce gold and silver coins of the same denominations and standards as those of her sister, differing only in having her portrait and titles.9 The coins struck over the next eighteen months mostly never saw circulation because the large amount of base silver coin in circulation drove all the good coin into private savings or, worse, into the melting pot. -
The Reformation of the Coinage of Madras Early in the Nineteenth
THE REFORMATION OF THE COINAGE OF MADRAS EARLY IN THE NINETEENTPAUL STEVENH CENTURS Y Introduction BY the end of the eighteenth century the British, in the guise of the East India Company, had extended their power to control large tracts of Southern India, either by direct or indirect rule. They had become the dominant power in the region, with their centre of government at Madras, where they had first established themselves in the middle of the previous century. At that time they had obtained the right to mint their own money, and from then until about 1800 the coins con- sisted, in the main, of crudely struck gold pagodas, silver fanams and copper cash, supplemented during the eighteenth century with silver rupees. However, as the Company extended their territo- ries, the number of different coins that came under their jurisdiction grew, and there were increas- ing problems caused by exchange rates between all of these different coins, to the benefit of the money changers, or shroffs, and to the detriment of the Company and the general populace. The necessity of reforming the coinage became increasingly obvious and eventually resulted in the issue of a new coinage for the Madras Presidency, beginning in 1807. Previous authors have considered this subject,1 but even Pridmore only provided a short review, and, although he did extend the catalogue of the different varieties of coins produced during this re-coinage, many more varieties are now known that he did not include.2 The present paper is an attempt to expand the information available about the events surrounding the production of this coinage, but does not attempt to catalogue all of the different varieties of coins produced. -
A REVIE\I\T of the COINAGE of CHARLE II
A REVIE\i\T OF THE COINAGE OF CHARLE II. By LIEUT.-COLONEL H. W. MORRIESON, F.s.A. PART I.--THE HAMMERED COINAGE . HARLES II ascended the throne on Maj 29th, I660, although his regnal years are reckoned from the death of • his father on January 30th, r648-9. On June 27th, r660, an' order was issued for the preparation of dies, puncheons, etc., for the making of gold and" silver coins, and on July 20th an indenture was entered into with Sir Ralph Freeman, Master of the Mint, which provided for the coinage of the same pieces and of the same value as those which had been coined in the time of his father. 1 The mint authorities were slow in getting to work, and on August roth an order was sent to the vVardens of the Mint directing the engraver, Thomas Simon, to prepare the dies. The King was in a hurry to get the money bearing his effigy issued, and reminders were sent to the Wardens on August r8th and September 2rst directing them to hasten the issue. This must have taken place before the end of the year, because the mint returns between July 20th and December 31st, r660,2 showed that 543 lbs. of silver, £r683 6s. in value, had been coined. These coins were considered by many to be amongst the finest of the English series. They fittingly represent the swan song of the Hammered Coinage, as the hammer was finally superseded by the mill and screw a short two years later. The denominations coined were the unite of twenty shillings, the double crown of ten shillings, and the crown of five shillings, in gold; and the half-crown, shilling, sixpence, half-groat, penny, 1 Ruding, II, p" 2. -
Annual Report of the Director of the Mint
- S. Luriºus vsº ANNUAL REPORT Of the Director of the N/int for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. ANNUAL REPORT of the Director of the Mint for the fiscal year ended June 30 1970 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DOCUMENT NO. 3253 Director of the Mint U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover) Stock Number 4805–0009 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, BUREAU OF THE MINT, Washington, D.C., April 29, 1971. SIR: I have the honor to submit the Ninety-eighth Annual Report of the Director of the Mint, since the Mint became a Bureau within the Department of the Treasury in 1873. Annual reports of Mint activities have been made to the Secretary of the Treasury since 1835, pursuant to the act of March 3, 1835 (4 Stat. 774). Annual reports of the Mint have been made since it was established in 1792. This report is submitted in compliance with Section 345 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, 2d Edition (1878), 31 U.S.C. 253. It includes a review of the operations of the mints, assay offices, and the bullion depositories for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. Also contained in this edition are reports for the calendar year 1969 on U.S. gold, silver, and coinage metal production and the world's monetary stocks of gold, silver, and coins. MARY BROOKs, Director of the Mint. Hon. JoHN B. Con NALLY, Secretary of the Treasury. -
The Gold Metallurgy of Isaac Newton
The Gold Metallurgy of Isaac Newton E. G. V. Newman The Royal Mint, London The science of metals had always appealed to Isaac Newton and when, after the conclusion of his remarkable contributions to mathe- matics and physics, he was invited to take charge of the Royal Mint in London he was able not only to display his great gifts as an administrator but also to exercise his interest in metals and alloys and particularly in the metallurgy of gold. For over thirty years Isaac Newton lived the been accorded him for his scientific work despite the secluded life of a scholar. As undergraduate and later endeavours of his friends Samuel Pepys, John Locke Fellow and Professor at Cambridge he was shy and and Christopher Wren to secure for him a public post reserved, careless of his appearance and even more worthy of his stature. He returned to Cambridge and careless of his eating habits. This period came to a there busied himself with experimental work in triumphant conclusion, of course, with the publication chemistry and metallurgy. of the Principia in 1687. It was not until 1696 that an easement came about For a further period of thirty years, apparently by in the form of an appointment that was to effect a an astonishing transformation, Newton served his complete change in his way of life and his financial country as a highly able public official and also as the welfare. This came through the good offices of an leader of the scientific community. The achievements old friend from his undergraduate days at Trinity and the glory of the former period have not un- College whom he had re-encountered as a fellow naturally overshadowed the latter half of his working Member of Parliament, Charles Montagu. -
Cultural and Scientific Collaboration Between Czechoslovakia and Cuba in the 1960S, 70S and 80Se Words and Silences, Vol 6, No 2 December 2012 Pp
Hana Bortlova “It Was a Call from the Revolution” – Cultural and Scientific Collaboration between Czechoslovakia and Cuba in the 1960s, 70s and 80se Words and Silences, Vol 6, No 2 December 2012 Pp. 12-17 cc International Oral History Association Words and Silences is the official on-line journal of the International Oral History Association. It is an internationally peer reviewed, high quality forum for oral historians from a wide range of disciplines and a means for the professional community to share projects and current trends of oral history from around the world. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. wordsandsilences.org ISSN 1405-6410 Online ISSN 2222-4181 “IT WAS A CALL FROM THE REVOLUTION” – CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION BETWEEN CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND CUBA IN THE 1960S, 70S AND 80S Hana Bortlova Oral History Center Institute for Contemporary History Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [email protected] Although traditional relationships between Cuba Culture was established in Prague. In the scientific field, the Czechoslovak Academy of and Czechoslovakia, economic above all, go back Sciences contributed significantly to the creation further than the second half of the twentieth of the Academy of Sciences of Cuba; starting in century, the political and social changes in Cuba at 1963 there was an agreement to directly the end of the fifties and the beginning of the collaborate between the two organizations. The sixties and the rise of Fidel Castro to power and his institutes intensely collaborated above all on inclination to Marxism-Leninism were what biological science, but there was also important marked the start of the close contact between the collaboration in the fields of geography, geology, two countries that would last three decades. -
Die Welt Der Slaven
D I E W E L T D E R S L AV E N S A M M E L B Ä N D E · С Б О Р Н И К И Herausgegeben von Peter Rehder (München) und Igor Smirnov (Konstanz) Band 54 2014 Verlag Otto Sagner München – Berlin – Washington/D.C. Sammelband_Slawistik.indd 2 07.11.14 13:29 Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985 Edited by Eva Hausbacher Elena Huber Julia Hargaßner 2014 Verlag Otto Sagner München – Berlin – Washington/D.C. Sammelband_Slawistik.indd 3 07.11.14 13:29 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort ............................................................................................................................... 7 Sozialistische Mode Djurdja Bartlett ................................................................................................................ 9 Myth and Reality: Five-Year Plans and Socialist Fashion Ulrike Goldschweer ......................................................................................................... 31 Consumption / Culture / Communism: The Significance of Terminology or Some Realities and Myths of Socialist Consumption Катарина Клингсайс .................................................................................................... 49 Этот многоликий мир моды. Образец позднесоветского дискурса моды Mode und Gesellschaft Анна Иванова ................................................................................................................. 73 «Самопал по фирму»: Подпольное производство одежды в СССР в 1960–1980-е годы Irina Mukhina ................................................................................................................ -
The 1787 Shilling - a Transition in Minting Technique H.E
THE 1787 SHILLING - A TRANSITION IN MINTING TECHNIQUE H.E. MANVILLE AND P.P. GASPAR '1787. In this year a feeble attempt was made to supply the want of Silver Money by a coinage of that metal. But it appears as if the directors of Mint affairs had exhausted all their powers in the restoration of the Gold Coins, for after an issue of about seventy or eighty thousand Pounds, in Shillings and Sixpences, the coinage of Silver was stopped.'1 'In the year 1787 the Bank coined £55,280 in New Silver, not with any intention of issuing it in gen- eral to the Publick, but only in small quantities to their Customers at Christmastime.'2 Introduction THE first statement , from Rogers Ruding's Annals (1817), represents a general impression held by numismatists: That the coinage of shillings and sixpences in 1787 was a feeble and short-lived attempt by the Government to begin to relieve the severe shortage of silver coins. The second quo- tation presents the true picture: That the coins were a private striking for the Bank of England, not intended for general circulation. This was a time of change in the techniques employed by the Mint for the manufacture of dies. The long-established use of individual letter punches to apply the inscription to each die was slow and inefficient, but could only be phased out when fully lettered punches became available. This required the raising of punches from fully lettered matrices. For a time of transition within the Mint, the study of one issue may fill in gaps in the available records. -
Auction V Iewing
AN AUCTION OF British Coins Anglo-Gallic Coins The Richmond Suite (Lower Ground Floor) The Washington Hotel 5 Curzon Street Mayfair London W1J 5HE Wednesday and Thursday, 20 and 21 March 2013 10:00 each day Free Online Bidding Service www.dnw.co.uk AUCTION Monday 25 February to Friday 15 March inclusive 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 Strictly by appointment only Monday and Tuesday, 18 and 19 March 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 Public viewing, 10:00 to 17:00 Wednesday and Thursday, 20 and 21 March 16 Bolton Street, Mayfair, London W1 Public viewing, 08:00 to end of the Sale Appointments to view: 020 7016 1700 or [email protected] VIEWING Catalogued by Christopher Webb, Peter Preston-Morley, Jim Brown and Tim Wilkes In sending commissions or making enquiries please contact Christopher Webb, Peter Preston-Morley or Jim Brown Catalogue price £15 C ONTENTS Wednesday 20 March, Session 1, 10.00 The Late Jim Sazama Collection of Medieval Coins (Part VII)............................................................1-54 British Coins from other properties (Anglo-Saxon to William III).................................................55-448 15-minute intermission prior to Session 2 British Coins from other properties (Anne to Elizabeth II)..........................................................449-638 Proof and Specimen Sets................................................................................................................639-647 Scottish Coins.................................................................................................................................648-664 -
The Sovereign – Setting the Gold Standard
ALCHEMIST ISSUE SEVENTY SEVEN The Sovereign – Setting the Gold Standard By Victoria Newman, PR Communications Manager, The Royal Mint an attempt to restabilise the county’s currency, the British Government took the decision to adopt the gold standard. As a result of this Great Coinage of 1816, the value of Britain’s currency became tied to the value of gold and a new circulating gold coin with a value of 20 shillings was introduced – the Sovereign. Almost half the weight and diameter of the original Sovereign, the new gold coin of 1817 more than matched its predecessor in the beauty of its design. The Italian engraver Benedetto Pistrucci was given the task of designing the reverse image for this new 19th-century Sovereign and created his own classical depiction of St George and the Royal Mint Sovereign, obverse and reverse dragon to take pride of place on the coin. Whilst this now iconic design continues to be struck on Victoria Newman reviews the history of the Sovereign, the flagship gold Sovereigns today, its initial outing actually lasted coin of The Royal Mint, and one of the world’s most famous gold coins for only eight years before it was replaced by more conventional heraldic designs in 1825. with a rich and varied history that dates back for more than 500 years. Dr Kevin Clancy, Director of the Royal Mint Museum, stated: “The gold Sovereign was first introduced in 1489 when Henry VII instructed the Mint to produce ‘a new money of gold’, which would be the largest coin England had ever seen, both in size and value, making in the process a strong statement about his reign. -
British Coins
BRITISH COINS 1001. Celtic coinage, Gallo-Belgic issues, class A, Bellovaci, gold stater, mid 2nd century BC, broad flan, left type, large devolved Apollo head l., rev. horse l. (crude disjointed charioteer behind), rosette of pellets below, wt. 7.10gms. (S.2; ABC.4; VA.12-1), fine/fair, rare £500-600 *ex DNW auction, December 2007. 1002. Celtic coinage, Regini, gold ¼ stater, c. 65-45 BC, weak ‘boat’ design, two or three figures standing,rev . raised line, other lines at sides, wt. 1.73gms. (S.39A; ABC.530; VA.-); gold ¼ stater, c.65-45 BC, mostly blank obverse, one diagnostic raised point, rev. indistinct pattern, possibly a ‘boat’ design, scyphate flan, wt. 1.46gms. (cf. S.46; ABC.536; VA.1229-1), the first fair, the second with irregular crude flan, minor flan cracks, very fine or better (2) £180-200 The second found near Upway, Dorset, 1994. 1003. Celtic coinage, early uninscribed coinage, ‘Eastern’ region, gold ¼ stater, trophy type, 1st century BC, small four-petalled flower in centre of otherwise blank obverse with feint bands, rev. stylised trophy design, S-shaped ornaments and other parts of devolved Apollo head pattern, wt. 1.40gms. (cf. S.47; ABC.2246; cf. VA.146-1), reverse partly weakly struck, very fine £200-300 1004. Celtic coinage, Tincomarus (c. 25 BC – AD 10) gold quarter stater, COMF on tablet, rev. horse to l., TI above, C below, wt. 0.96gms. (S.81; M.103; ABC.1088 [extremely rare]), flan ‘clip’ at 3-5 o’clock, about very fine £100-150 1005. Celtic coinage, Catuvellauni, Tasciovanus (c.25 BC - AD 10), gold ¼-stater, cruciform wreath patterns, two curved and two straight, two crescents back to back in centre, pellet in centre and in angles, rev.