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St. Peter Claver's Parish (Brooklyn) : African American Mission, Way

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St. Peter Claver's Parish (Brooklyn) : African American Mission, Way ST. PETER CLAVER'S PARISH (BROOKLYN): AFRICAN AMERICAN MISSION, WAY-STATION, OR HOME? Victoria Marie Davies B.A. , Simon Fraser University, 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology @Victoria Marie Davies 1994 SIMON FRASER UNNERSITY SEPTEMBER, 1994 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL , .. NAME: Victoria Marie Davies DEGREE: Master of Arts (Anthropology) TITLE OF THESIS: ST. PETER CLAVER'S PARISH (BROOKLYN): AFRICAN AMERICAN MISSION, WAY-STATION, OR HOME? Examining Committee Chair Dr. Gary Teeple Dr. Michael G. Kemy Senior Supervisor Professor of Anthropology Dr. h/lZiilyn Gates Associate Professor of Anthropology Dr. Don Grayston Lecturer Humanities Program External Examiner Date Approved September 8th, 1994 I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesislProjectlExtendedEssay "St. Peter Claver's Parish (Brooklyn): African American Mission, Way-Station, -- - or Home? " Author: (Signature) Victoria Marie Davies (Name) September 8th, 1994 (Date) ABSTRACT This is an anthropological study of an &can American Catholic parish in the inner-city of Brooklyn, New York. The study seeks to explore how the original members became adherents to the Roman Catholic faith and why and how their descendants have maintained the parish as a vibrant community. This study also explores the relationship of the parish with the wider church and worldly communities. The Roman Catholic parish has often been a buffer between a dominant population and non-dominant racial or ethnic groups. Considering the racism that existed in the United States and the Roman Catholic Church at the time of the establishment of the parish, 1922, this study aims to discover why and how the original adherents embraced Roman Catholicism and in view of racism's persistence, why they remained. Most parish studies concern immigrant groups in European countries, Canada, and the United States or ethnic and linguistic groups suddenly included in newly created nation-states of the nineteenth century, such as Canada and Italy. Focusing on this parish and its African American constituency sets this study apart fiom the parish studies of European enclaves in North America as well as from the pathological studies of African Americans which focus on societal problems. This study explores the community building and maintenance strategies adapted in response to exclusion fiom both the mainstream of United States society and the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The history of the parish reveals the inappropriateness of calling St. Peter Claver's parish a mission. The data indicate that because of residential segregation the parish has not become a way-station on the way to a better location. Belief in their religion, their parish church and themselves motivate the parishioners to iv improve the conditions of the present location. Hence, St. Peter Claver's has remained "home" to the majority of its parishioners. Participant observation was the major research method, supplemented by interviews, examination of parish bulletins, and other parish publications. Participant observation consisted of participating as a practicing Roman Catholic by attending Mass, novenas, prayer groups, and special devotions (ritual events). The research findings suggest that the level of the parishioners activity not only kept the parish community vibrant but also that the concerns and involvement of the people extend into larger networks and the wider society. The data indicate that future studies could include questions concerning: religious affiliation and its impact today, the "mainstream" elements of inner-city life, the networks that exist between the inner- city and the "outside" beyond those of governmental social service agencies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to extend an expression of appreciation to all the people of St. Peter Claver's parish in Brooklyn, New York, especially Clarissa Watson, Eleanor Brickus, and Sr. Eleanor Woods for their cheerfblly welcoming me into the community, informing me of events and ensuring that I had transportation when necessary. I offer a special thank you to Msgr. Rodgers who was so patient and gracious. I also take this opportunity to acknowledge and thank Father Martin J. Carter of the Office of Black Ministry for Brooklyn and Queens without whose encouragement in informing me that there was a need for this research, this study might have remained just a thought. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APPROVAL ................................................................................ 11 ... ABSTRACT ................................................................................ 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................. vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS........................................................ ix CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW .......................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................... 1 Review of Relevant Literature......................................................... 3 Anthropology and African Americans: Benign Neglect - Studies of the Stereotypical.......... Studies of Roman Catholic Parishes and European Ethnic Minorities..................................... The Official Roman Catholic Literature on the Issue of Race Methodology .................................................................................. Orgamzation................................................................................... CHAPTER 2 THE SETTINGS: PAST AND PRESENT............... A Backward Glance: The Historical Context ................................... What's In A Name? St . Peter Claver (1 58 1 - 1654)............ Black Catholics: Origins and Persistence ............................. Colored Catholics of Brooklyn ............................................ Fr . Quinn (1888 - 1940)..................................................... vii Encounter ..................... ... ................................................ 23 A Haven Called St . Peter Claver's..................................... 25 Today: The Current Context ................... .... ................................. 31 Brooklyn: A City of Churches. A city of Separation. A City of Contrasts ........................................... CHAPTER 3 THE PEOPLE OF ST . PETER CLAVER'S FORMING AND SUSTAINING COMMUNITY Community: A Faith-Based Perspective ......................................... The Parishioners: A Summary ................ .......................... The School: Preparation For Ritual. Preparation For Life ..... The Church .......................................................................... The Mass ........................................................................................ The Choir ........................... ............................................. The Celebrant and Servers ................................................... The Lectors ......................................................................... The Eucharistic Ministers.................................................... The Assembly ............... .................................................. Worship and Play ........................................................................... Ancillary Forms of Worship ................................................ Together at Recreation ................ .................................... For the Record: Claver's Publications............................... Excursions Outside the United States.................................. CHAPTER 4 CATHOLICISM AND SOCIAL ISSUES NATIONAL. DIOCESAN. AND PAROCHIAL CONCERNS One Woman's Reality: An Invitation To See. An Invitation To Do ... Meetings: Meanings and Methods ............................................... National: We Are Church ............................................... Diocesan: The Annual General Meeting of the Office of Black Ministry ................................ Beyond Kujenga ............................................................. Racial Polarization Fed by the Mayoral Race of 1993 ......... Alternative Voices .Brooklyn Ecumenical Cooperatives ..... Parochial Initiative. Empowerment. and Outreach ................ One Woman's Reality and Groups Envisioning Changes............... CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION: NEITHER MISSION NOR WAY-STATION BUT HOME Mission or Way-Station?............................................................... Home: Focal Point of Activity and Sharing ........................ Conclusion.................................................................................. Implications..................................................................................
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