DOCSLIB.ORG

Intermittent Hypoxia Alters Gut Microbiota Diversity in a Mouse Model of Sleep Apnoea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intermittent Hypoxia Alters Gut Microbiota Diversity in a Mouse Model of Sleep Apnoea ERJ Express. Published on December 23, 2014 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00184314 ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN PRESS | CORRECTED PROOF Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea Isabel Moreno-Indias1,2,9, Marta Torres3,4,9, Josep M. Montserrat3,4,5, Lidia Sanchez-Alcoholado1,2, Fernando Cardona1,2, Francisco J. Tinahones1,2, David Gozal6, Valeryi A. Poroyko6, Daniel Navajas4,7,8, Maria I. Queipo-Ortuño1,2 and Ramon Farré4,5,7 Affiliations: 1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER), Madrid, Spain. 3Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 4Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain. 5Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. 6Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 7Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 8Institut Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. 9These authors contributed equally. Correspondence: María I. Queipo Ortuño, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica 1ª planta, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010-Malaga, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We assessed whether intermittent hypoxia, which emulates one of the hallmarks of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to altered faecal microbiome in a murine model. In vivo partial pressure of oxygen was measured in colonic faeces during intermittent hypoxia in four anesthetised mice. 10 mice were subjected to a pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (20 s at 5% O2 and − 40 s at room air for 6 h·day 1) for 6 weeks and 10 mice served as normoxic controls. Faecal samples were obtained and microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. Intermittent hypoxia exposures translated into hypoxia/re-oxygenation patterns in the faeces proximal to the bowel epithelium (<200 μm). A significant effect of intermittent hypoxia on global microbial community structure was found. Intermittent hypoxia increased the α-diversity (Shannon index, p<0.05) and induced a change in the gut microbiota (ANOSIM analysis of β-diversity, p<0.05). Specifically, intermittent hypoxia-exposed mice showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a smaller abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla than controls. Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered as a result of intermittent hypoxia realistically mimicking OSA, suggesting the possibility that physiological interplays between host and gut microbiota could be deregulated in OSA. @ERSpublications Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered due to intermittent hypoxia mimicking OSA in a murine model http://ow.ly/ERjA9 Received: Oct 06 2014 | Accepted after revision: Nov 19 2014 Support statement: This work was supported, in part, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2011-22576). The research group belongs to the Centros de Investigación en Red (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain). I. Moreno Indias was supported by a Sara Borrell Postdoctoral contract (CD12/00530). M.I. Queipo-Ortuño acknowledges support from the Miguel Servet Type I programme (CP13/00065) and F. Cardona acknowledges support from the Miguel Servet Type II programme (CP13/ 00023) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Conflict of interest: None declared. Copyright ©ERS 2014 Eur Respir J 2014; in press | DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184314 1 Copyright 2014 by the European Respiratory Society. SLEEP | I. MORENO-INDIAS ET AL. Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has emerged as a very relevant public health problem because of its high prevalence (e.g. 10% in males aged 30–49 years) [1], but more importantly because, in addition to reduction in quality of life and increase in traffic accidents, OSA imposes important mid- and long-term consequences, namely cardiovascular, metabolic, cognitive and cancer-related alterations. Remarkably, it is anticipated that the number of patients suffering from OSA worldwide will increase further given the close association between being overweight/obesity and OSA [2], and the evolving trends in the obesity epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Among the physiological insults experienced by patients with OSA, disruption of sleep architecture, increased sympathetic activation and intermittent hypoxia, the latter seems to play a major role since it triggers inflammation and oxidative stress cascades that are deleterious and contribute to the multi-organ morbid consequences of OSA [3]. Whereas the magnitude and pathophysiological impact of hypoxia/re-oxygenation has been investigated in different organs and tissues such as brain, liver, testes, fat or muscle [4–6], no attention has been paid to the potential effect of recurrent oxygen desaturations that characterise OSA on the gut microbiota. In fact, the mammalian gut is populated by a complex and dense microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobic organisms from both the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla in a dynamic environment determined by the host physiology [7]. In addition, various lines of evidence have also implicated both aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria present in the intestine in the dynamic configuration and stability of the anaerobic environment inside the gut [8, 9]. Alterations in gut microbiota induced by episodic changes in blood oxygen content could be relevant since metabolic alterations, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are modulated by the gut microbiome, are commonly associated with OSA [10, 11]. Indeed, most OSA patients are obese and in approximately half of patients the metabolic syndrome is concurrently present [12]. Interestingly, new available data also support the notion that OSA per se may feed back into mechanisms resulting in the development or reinforcement of obesity [13]. With the aim to generate initial evidence shedding light onto this unknown aspect of OSA, we hypothesised that the intermittent arterial hypoxaemia characterising OSA will result in hypoxia/ re-oxygenation cycling events within the gut microbiome and that, as a result, the biological diversity of gut microorganisms may be modified. The rationale of this hypothesis is based on the evidence that the wall of blood capillaries in the epithelial surface of the bowel, which are very permeable because of their main function of absorbing nutrients from the gut content in food digestion, obviously allows for oxygen diffusion. In fact, it is well known that although the core of the gut content is anoxic, there is a gradient in the oxygen concentration of the microbiome within a ≈150–200 µm range, in the vicinity of the gut epithelium [8]. Accordingly, a recent study of the intestinal microbiota of mice and humans reported the existence of a radial gradient of microbes linked to the distribution of oxygen and nutrients provided by the host tissue. In this context, hyperbaric oxygen treatment altered the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In humans, 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed an increased proportion of oxygen-tolerant organisms of the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla associated with the rectal mucosa, compared with the faeces, indicating an effect of oxygen concentrations on the microbiota [9]. Thus, it is plausible to postulate that, as a result of diffusion, the intermittent changes in oxygen content in the capillary blood associated with OSA induce fluctuations in oxygen levels in the microbiome. To test our hypothesis, we carried out a study on mice exposed to a conventional model of chronic intermittent hypoxia mimicking OSA. First, we measured partial pressure of oxygen within the faeces to confirm that intermittent arterial hypoxaemia translates into hypoxia/re-oxygenation events within the microbiome. Secondly, we carried out a taxonomic analysis of faecal microbiota in animals subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia and in normoxic control mice to analyse potential microbiome alterations in the gut. Material and methods Animals The study was carried out on 24 pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice aged 6 weeks (Charles River Laboratories, Saint Germain sur L’arbresle, France). 10 days before starting the study and during the 6-week study duration animals were housed in standard cages and received tap water and sterilised standard food ad libitum. They were kept in a temperature and light controlled room in the animal facilities. The experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Research of the University of Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain). In vivo assessment of partial pressure of oxygen inside the gut The first series of experiments focused on evaluating whether breathing intermittent hypoxic gas mixtures, which mimic the inspired fractions of oxygen leading to the typical oxyhaemoglobin desaturations that 2 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184314 SLEEP | I. MORENO-INDIAS ET AL. occurring in OSA, will actually translate into hypoxia-/re-oxygenation-induced changes at the microbiota level. Due to this, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in the small bowel
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenomic Analysis of 589 Metagenome-Assembled Genomes Encompassing All Major Prokaryotic Lineages from the Gut of Higher Termites
    Phylogenomic analysis of 589 metagenome-assembled genomes encompassing all major prokaryotic lineages from the gut of higher termites Vincent Hervé1, Pengfei Liu1, Carsten Dietrich1, David Sillam-Dussès2, Petr Stiblik3, Jan Šobotník3 and Andreas Brune1 1 Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany 2 Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology EA 4443, Université Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France 3 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT “Higher” termites have been able to colonize all tropical and subtropical regions because of their ability to digest lignocellulose with the aid of their prokaryotic gut microbiota. Over the last decade, numerous studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries have largely described both the taxonomy and structure of the prokaryotic communities associated with termite guts. Host diet and microenvironmental conditions have emerged as the main factors structuring the microbial assemblages in the different gut compartments. Additionally, these molecular inventories have revealed the existence of termite-specific clusters that indicate coevolutionary processes in numerous prokaryotic lineages. However, for lack of representative isolates, the functional role of most lineages remains unclear. We reconstructed 589 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the different Submitted 29 August 2019 gut compartments of eight higher termite species that encompass 17 prokaryotic
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES on FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES from ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, and THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES FROM ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, AND THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Microbial Biology Written under the direction of Nathan Yee And approved by _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Experimental studies on fermentative Firmicutes from anoxic environments: isolation, evolution and their geochemical impacts by JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI Dissertation director: Nathan Yee Fermentative microorganisms from the bacterial phylum Firmicutes are quite ubiquitous in subsurface environments and play an important biogeochemical role. For instance, fermenters have the ability to take complex molecules and break them into simpler compounds that serve as growth substrates for other organisms. The research presented here focuses on two groups of fermentative Firmicutes, one from the genus Clostridium and the other from the class Negativicutes. Clostridium species are well-known fermenters. Laboratory studies done so far have also displayed the capability to reduce Fe(III), yet the mechanism of this activity has not been investigated
    [Show full text]
  • Paludibacter Propionicigenes Type Strain (WB4)
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Complete genome sequence of Paludibacter propionicigenes type strain (WB4). Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kr5k5w1 Journal Standards in genomic sciences, 4(1) ISSN 1944-3277 Authors Gronow, Sabine Munk, Christine Lapidus, Alla et al. Publication Date 2011 DOI 10.4056/sigs.1503846 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Standards in Genomic Sciences (2011) 4:36-44 DOI:10.4056/sigs.1503846 Complete genome sequence of Paludibacter propionicigenes type strain (WB4T) Sabine Gronow1, Christine Munk2,3, Alla Lapidus2, Matt Nolan2, Susan Lucas2, Nancy Hammon2, Shweta Deshpande2, Jan-Fang Cheng2, Roxane Tapia2,3, Cliff Han2,3, Lynne Goodwin2,3, Sam Pitluck2, Konstantinos Liolios2, Natalia Ivanova2, Konstantinos Mavromatis2, Natalia Mikhailova2, Amrita Pati2, Amy Chen4, Krishna Palaniappan4, Miriam Land2,5, Loren Hauser2,5, Yun-Juan Chang2,5, Cynthia D. Jeffries2,5, Evelyne Brambilla1, Manfred Rohde6, Markus Göker1, John C. Detter2,3, Tanja Woyke2, James Bristow2, Jonathan A. Eisen2,7, Victor Markowitz4, Philip Hugenholtz2,8, Nikos C. Kyrpides2, and Hans-Peter Klenk1* 1 DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany 2 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 4 Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 5 Oak Ridge
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 41 RSC Advances
    RSC Advances This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. This Accepted Manuscript will be replaced by the edited, formatted and paginated article as soon as this is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/advances Page 1 of 41 RSC Advances 1 Regulation of acidogenic metabolism towards enhanced short chain fatty acids biosynthesis 2 from waste: Metagenomic Profiling 3 4 Omprakash Sarkar, A. Naresh Kumar, Shikha Dahiya, K.Vamshi Krishna, Dileep Kumar 5 Yeruva, S.Venkata Mohan* 6 Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical 7 Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India 8 *E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 0091-40-27161765 9 10 Abstract 11 Short chain carboxylic (volatile fatty) acids (VFA) production in mixed microbiomes is majorly 12 limited by the prevalence of the methanogenic bacteria and availability of substrate from waste 13 to the biocatalyst during the fermentation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Characterization of the Uncultured Bacteroidales Family S24-7 Inhabiting the Guts of Homeothermic Animals Kate L
    Ormerod et al. Microbiome (2016) 4:36 DOI 10.1186/s40168-016-0181-2 RESEARCH Open Access Genomic characterization of the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7 inhabiting the guts of homeothermic animals Kate L. Ormerod1, David L. A. Wood1, Nancy Lachner1, Shaan L. Gellatly2, Joshua N. Daly1, Jeremy D. Parsons3, Cristiana G. O. Dal’Molin4, Robin W. Palfreyman4, Lars K. Nielsen4, Matthew A. Cooper5, Mark Morrison6, Philip M. Hansbro2 and Philip Hugenholtz1* Abstract Background: Our view of host-associated microbiota remains incomplete due to the presence of as yet uncultured constituents. The Bacteroidales family S24-7 is a prominent example of one of these groups. Marker gene surveys indicate that members of this family are highly localized to the gastrointestinal tracts of homeothermic animals and are increasingly being recognized as a numerically predominant member of the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the nature of their interactions with the host. Results: Here, we provide the first whole genome exploration of this family, for which we propose the name “Candidatus Homeothermaceae,” using 30 population genomes extracted from fecal samples of four different animal hosts: human, mouse, koala, and guinea pig. We infer the core metabolism of “Ca. Homeothermaceae” to be that of fermentative or nanaerobic bacteria, resembling that of related Bacteroidales families. In addition, we describe three trophic guilds within the family, plant glycan (hemicellulose and pectin), host glycan, and α-glucan, each broadly defined by increased abundance of enzymes involved in the degradation of particular carbohydrates. Conclusions: “Ca. Homeothermaceae” representatives constitute a substantial component of the murine gut microbiota, as well as being present within the human gut, and this study provides important first insights into the nature of their residency.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivable, Host-Specific Bacteroidetes Symbionts Exhibit Diverse Polysaccharolytic Strategies
    INVERTEBRATE MICROBIOLOGY crossm Cultivable, Host-Specific Bacteroidetes Symbionts Exhibit Diverse Polysaccharolytic Strategies Downloaded from Arturo Vera-Ponce de León,a Benjamin C. Jahnes,a,b Jun Duan,c Lennel A. Camuy-Vélez,b Zakee L. Sabreea aDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA bDepartment of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA cPathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ABSTRACT Beneficial gut microbes can facilitate insect growth on diverse diets. The omnivorous American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta: Blattodea), http://aem.asm.org/ thrives on a diet rich in plant polysaccharides and harbors a species-rich gut micro- biota responsive to host diet. Bacteroidetes are among the most abundant taxa in P. americana and other cockroaches, based on cultivation-independent gut community profiling, and these potentially polysaccharolytic bacteria may contribute to host diet processing. Eleven Bacteroidetes isolates were cultivated from P. americana di- gestive tracts, and phylogenomic analyses suggest that they were new Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, Paludibacter, and Parabacteroides species distinct from those previ- ously isolated from other insects, humans, and environmental sources. In addition, com- plete genomes were generated for each isolate, and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) on May 10, 2021 at Ohio State University and several non-PUL-associated carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme)-coding genes that putatively target starch, pectin, and/or cellulose were annotated in each of the iso- late genomes. Type IX secretion system (T9SS)- and CAZyme-coding genes tagged with the corresponding T9SS recognition and export C-terminal domain were observed in some isolates, suggesting that these CAZymes were deployed via non-PUL outer membrane translocons.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Growth and Feed Efficiency
    microorganisms Review Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Growth and Feed Efficiency in Pigs: A Review Gillian E. Gardiner 1,* , Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli 2 and Peadar G. Lawlor 3 1 Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Co. Waterford, Ireland 2 Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 3 Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +353-51-302-626 Received: 2 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 Abstract: This review summarises the evidence for a link between the porcine intestinal microbiota and growth and feed efficiency (FE), and suggests microbiota-targeted strategies to improve productivity. However, there are challenges in identifying reliable microbial predictors of host phenotype; environmental factors impact the microbe–host interplay, sequential differences along the intestine result in segment-specific FE- and growth-associated taxa/functionality, and it is often difficult to distinguish cause and effect. However, bacterial taxa involved in nutrient processing and energy harvest, and those with anti-inflammatory effects, are consistently linked with improved productivity. In particular, evidence is emerging for an association of Treponema and methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter in the small and large intestines and Lactobacillus in the large intestine with a leaner phenotype and/or improved FE. Bacterial carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism pathways are also generally enriched in the large intestine of leaner pigs and/or those with better growth/FE.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet Is Not the Primary Driver of Bacterial Community Structure in the Gut of Litter- Feeding Cockroaches Niclas Lampert1, Aram Mikaelyan1,2 and Andreas Brune1*
    Lampert et al. BMC Microbiology (2019) 19:238 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1601-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diet is not the primary driver of bacterial community structure in the gut of litter- feeding cockroaches Niclas Lampert1, Aram Mikaelyan1,2 and Andreas Brune1* Abstract Background: Diet is a major determinant of bacterial community structure in termite guts, but evidence of its importance in the closely related cockroaches is conflicting. Here, we investigated the ecological drivers of the bacterial gut microbiota in cockroaches that feed on lignocellulosic leaf litter. Results: The physicochemical conditions determined with microsensors in the guts of Ergaula capucina, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and Byrsotria rothi were similar to those reported for both wood-feeding and omnivorous cockroaches. All gut compartments were anoxic at the center and showed a slightly acidic to neutral pH and variable but slightly reducing conditions. Hydrogen accumulated only in the crop of B. rothi. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes documented that community structure in individual gut compartments correlated strongly with the respective microenvironmental conditions. A comparison of the hindgut microbiota of cockroaches and termites from different feeding groups revealed that the vast majority of the core taxa in cockroaches with a lignocellulosic diet were present also in omnivorous cockroaches but absent in wood- feeding higher termites. Conclusion: Our results indicate that diet is not the primary driver of bacterial community structure in the gut of wood- and litter-feeding cockroaches. The high similarity to the gut microbiota of omnivorous cockroaches suggests that the dietary components that are actually digested do not differ fundamentally between feeding groups.
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-021-83846-1 1 Vol.:(0123456789)
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN High abundance of sugar metabolisers in saliva of children with caries Muhammed Manzoor1, Sohvi Lommi1,2, Jussi Furuholm3, Catharina Sarkkola1, Elina Engberg1,4, Sajan Raju1 & Heli Viljakainen1,5* Dental caries is a bioflm-mediated, dynamic disease with early onset. A balanced salivary microbiota is a foundation of oral health, while dysbiosis causes tooth decay. We compared the saliva microbiota profles in children with and without caries. The study consisted of 617 children aged 9–12 years from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study with available register data on oral health. Caries status was summarised based on Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in permanent dentition. The children were then classifed into the following two groups: DMFT value ≥ 1 was considered as cavitated caries lesions (hereafter called ‘caries’) (n = 208) and DMFT = 0 as ‘cavity free’ (n = 409). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 regions) was amplifed using PCR and sequenced by Illumina HiSeq. The mean age (SD) of the children was 11.7 (0.4) years and 56% were girls. The children had relatively good dental health with mean DMFT of 0.86 (1.97). Since sex was the key determinant of microbiota composition (p = 0.014), we focused on sex-stratifed analysis. Alpha diversity indexes did not difer between caries and cavity free groups in either sexes (Shannon: p = 0.40 and 0.58; Inverse Simpson: p = 0.51 and 0.60, in boys and girls, respectively); neither did the composition difer between the groups (p = 0.070 for boys and p = 0.230 for girls).
    [Show full text]
  • Incense Burning Is Associated with Human Oral Microbiota Composition Received: 3 October 2018 Yvonne Vallès1,2, Claire K
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Incense Burning is Associated with Human Oral Microbiota Composition Received: 3 October 2018 Yvonne Vallès1,2, Claire K. Inman1, Brandilyn A. Peters 3,16, Laila Abdel Wareth4, Accepted: 11 June 2019 Abdishakur Abdulle1, Habiba Alsafar 5,6, Fatme Al Anouti7, Ayesha Al Dhaheri8, Published: xx xx xxxx Divya Galani1, Muna Haji1, Aisha Al Hamiz1, Ayesha Al Hosani1, Mohammed Al Houqani 9, Abdulla Aljunaibi10, Marina Kazim11, Tomas Kirchhof3,16, Wael Al Mahmeed12, Fatma Al Maskari13, Abdullah Alnaeemi14, Naima Oumeziane15, Ravichandran Ramasamy16, Ann Marie Schmidt16, Henri Vallès2, Eiman Al Zaabi11, Scott Sherman1,3,17, Raghib Ali1, Jiyoung Ahn3,17 & Richard B. Hayes 3,17 Incense burning is common worldwide and produces environmental toxicants that may infuence health; however, biologic efects have been little studied. In 303 Emirati adults, we tested the hypothesis that incense use is linked to compositional changes in the oral microbiota that can be potentially signifcant for health. The oral microbiota was assessed by amplifcation of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from mouthwash samples. Frequency of incense use was ascertained through a questionnaire and examined in relation to overall oral microbiota composition (PERMANOVA analysis), and to specifc taxon abundances, by negative binomial generalized linear models. We found that exposure to incense burning was associated with higher microbial diversity (p < 0.013) and overall microbial compositional changes (PERMANOVA, p = 0.003). Our study also revealed that incense use was associated with signifcant changes in bacterial abundances (i.e. depletion of the dominant taxon Streptococcus), even in occasional users (once/week or less) implying that incense use impacts the oral microbiota even at low exposure levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidetes
    JMolMed DOI 10.1007/s00109-016-1492-2 REVIEW Microbiome and metabolic disease: revisiting the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes Elizabeth L. Johnson1 & Stacey L. Heaver1 & William A. Walters2 & Ruth E. Ley1,2 Received: 24 June 2016 /Revised: 8 November 2016 /Accepted: 15 November 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Bacterial species composition in the gut has emerged Archaea (e.g., methanogens) and Eukaryotes (e.g., yeasts) [1]. asanimportant factorinobesity anditsrelatedmetabolicdiseases In Western populations, the phyla Bacteroidetes and such as type 2 diabetes. Out of thousands of bacterial species- Firmicutes are generally dominant in the gut, with other phyla level phylotypesinhabitingthe human gut, themajority belong to comprising 10% or less of the microbiome [1]. The two dominant phyla, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Members Bacteroidetes range in relative abundance across individuals, of the Bacteroidetes in particular have been associated with hu- but generally make up half or more of the gut microbiome [1, manmetabolicdiseases.However,theirassociationswithdisease 2]. Members of the Bacteroidetes mostly inhabit the distal gut, are not always consistent between studies. Delving deeper into where they participate in provisioning the host with energy the diversity within the Bacteroidetes reveals a vast diversity in harvested from the diet through the fermentation of otherwise genomes and capacities, which partly explain how not all mem- indigestible polysaccharides. This activity produces short- bers respond equally to similar environmental conditions in their chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can supply up to 10% of daily hosts.Here,wediscuss theBacteroidetesphylum,associationsof calories when the diet is rich in fiber [3, 4].
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic and Functional Analyses of Intact Microbial Communities
    Bashir et al. Microbiome (2021) 9:50 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00989-5 RESEARCH Open Access Taxonomic and functional analyses of intact microbial communities thriving in extreme, astrobiology-relevant, anoxic sites Alexandra Kristin Bashir1,2, Lisa Wink1, Stefanie Duller1, Petra Schwendner3, Charles Cockell3, Petra Rettberg4, Alexander Mahnert1, Kristina Beblo-Vranesevic4, Maria Bohmeier4, Elke Rabbow4, Frederic Gaboyer5, Frances Westall5, Nicolas Walter6, Patricia Cabezas6, Laura Garcia-Descalzo7, Felipe Gomez7, Mustapha Malki8, Ricardo Amils8, Pascale Ehrenfreund9, Euan Monaghan9, Pauline Vannier10, Viggo Marteinsson10,11, Armin Erlacher12, George Tanski13, Jens Strauss13, Mina Bashir14, Andreas Riedo15 and Christine Moissl-Eichinger1,16* Abstract Background: Extreme terrestrial, analogue environments are widely used models to study the limits of life and to infer habitability of extraterrestrial settings. In contrast to Earth’s ecosystems, potential extraterrestrial biotopes are usually characterized by a lack of oxygen. Methods: In the MASE project (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration), we selected representative anoxic analogue environments (permafrost, salt-mine, acidic lake and river, sulfur springs) for the comprehensive analysis of their microbial communities. We assessed the microbiome profile of intact cells by propidium monoazide-based amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing, supplemented with an extensive cultivation effort. Results: The information retrieved from microbiome analyses on the intact microbial community thriving in the MASE sites, together with the isolation of 31 model microorganisms and successful binning of 15 high-quality genomes allowed us to observe principle pathways, which pinpoint specific microbial functions in the MASE sites compared to moderate environments. The microorganisms were characterized by an impressive machinery to withstand physical and chemical pressures.
    [Show full text]