A Case Study of Versova Bandra Sea Link
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CRAMPED for ROOM Mumbai’S Land Woes
CRAMPED FOR ROOM Mumbai’s land woes A PICTURE OF CONGESTION I n T h i s I s s u e The Brabourne Stadium, and in the background the Ambassador About a City Hotel, seen from atop the Hilton 2 Towers at Nariman Point. The story of Mumbai, its journey from seven sparsely inhabited islands to a thriving urban metropolis home to 14 million people, traced over a thousand years. Land Reclamation – Modes & Methods 12 A description of the various reclamation techniques COVER PAGE currently in use. Land Mafia In the absence of open maidans 16 in which to play, gully cricket Why land in Mumbai is more expensive than anywhere SUMAN SAURABH seems to have become Mumbai’s in the world. favourite sport. The Way Out 20 Where Mumbai is headed, a pointer to the future. PHOTOGRAPHS BY ARTICLES AND DESIGN BY AKSHAY VIJ THE GATEWAY OF INDIA, AND IN THE BACKGROUND BOMBAY PORT. About a City THE STORY OF MUMBAI Seven islands. Septuplets - seven unborn babies, waddling in a womb. A womb that we know more ordinarily as the Arabian Sea. Tied by a thin vestige of earth and rock – an umbilical cord of sorts – to the motherland. A kind mother. A cruel mother. A mother that has indulged as much as it has denied. A mother that has typically left the identity of the father in doubt. Like a whore. To speak of fathers who have fought for the right to sire: with each new pretender has come a new name. The babies have juggled many monikers, reflected in the schizophrenia the city seems to suffer from. -
Reliance Foundation and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai to Provide Three Lakh Free COVID-19 Vaccines for Mumbai’S Underprivileged Communities
MEDIA RELEASE Reliance Foundation and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai to provide three lakh free COVID-19 vaccines for Mumbai’s underprivileged communities • Communities across 50 locations including Dharavi, Worli, Wadala, Colaba, Kamatipura, Chembur to be covered • Reliance Foundation through Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital is deploying state-of-the-art mobile vehicle unit for the vaccination drive • Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) and BEST provide infrastructure & logistics support Mumbai, 2nd August 2021: In a major outreach scheme to protect Mumbai’s vulnerable communities, Reliance Foundation through Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital will collaborate with Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) to provide three lakh COVID-19 vaccination doses to communities across 50 locations in Mumbai. This free vaccination drive aims to protect underprivileged people in neighbourhoods including Dharavi, Worli, Wadala, Colaba, Pratiksha Nagar, Kamatipura, Mankhurd, Chembur, Govandi and Bhandup. Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital is deploying a state-of-the-art mobile vehicle unit to conduct the vaccination drive across the selected locations of Mumbai, while MCGM and BEST will provide infrastructure and logistics support for the drive. This initiative builds on Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital’s regular health outreach initiatives in Mumbai, which address primary and preventive healthcare needs of vulnerable populations through mobile medical vans and static medical units. This vaccination programme will be carried out over the next three months and is part of Reliance Foundation’s Mission Vaccine Suraksha initiative which will also provide vaccination for underprivileged communities around the country over the next few months. Smt Nita M Ambani, Founder and Chairperson, Reliance Foundation said: “Reliance Foundation has stood by the nation at every step of this relentless fight against the COVID- 19 pandemic. -
Chembur Link Road (SCLR) Matunga to Mumbai Rail Station This Map Was Produced by the Map Design Unit of the World Bank
IBRD 33539R To Jogeswari-Virkhroli Link Road / Borivali To Jogeswari-Virkhroli Link Road To Thane To Thane For Detail, See IBRD 33538R VILE PARLE ek re GHATKOPAR C i r Santa Cruz - Chembur Link Road: 6.4 km o n a SATIS M Mumbai THANE (Kurla-Andhai Road) Vile Parle ek re S. Mathuradas Vasanji Marg C Rail alad Station Ghatkopar M Y Rail Station N A Phase II: 3.0 km Phase I: 3.4 km TER SW S ES A E PR X Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg WESTERN EXPRESSWAY E Santa Cruz - Chembur Link Road: 6.4 km Area of Map KALINA Section 1: 1.25 km Section 2: 1.55 km Section 3: .6 km ARABIAN Swami Vivekananda Marg SEA Vidya Vihar Thane Creek SANTA CRUZ Rail Station Area of Gazi Nagar Request Mahim Bay Santa Cruz Rail Station Area of Shopkeepers' Request For Detail, See IBRD 33540R For Detail, See IBRD 33314R MIG Colony* (Middle Income Group) Central Railway Deonar Dumping 500m west of river and Ground 200m south of SCLR Eastern Expressway R. Chemburkar Marg Area of Shopkeepers' Request Kurla MHADA Colony* CHURCHGATE CST (Maharashtra Housing MUMBAI 012345 For Detail, See IBRD 33314R Rail Station and Area Development Authority) KILOMETERS Western Expressway Area of Bharathi Nagar Association Request S.G. Barve Marg (East) Gha Uran Section 2 Chembur tko CHEMBUR Rail Station parM ankh urdLink Bandra-Kurla R Mithi River oad To Vashi Complex KURLA nar Nala Deo Permanent Bandra Coastal Regulation Zones Rail Station Chuna Batti Resettlement Rail Station Housing Complex MANKHURD at Mankhurd Occupied Permanent MMRDA Resettlement Housing Offices Govandi Complex at Mankhurd Rail Station Deonar Village Road Mandala Deonarpada l anve Village P Integrated Bus Rail Sion Agarwadi Interchange Terminal Rail Station Mankhurd Mankhurd Correction ombay Rail Station R. -
Redharavi1.Pdf
Acknowledgements This document has emerged from a partnership of disparate groups of concerned individuals and organizations who have been engaged with the issue of exploring sustainable housing solutions in the city of Mumbai. The Kamala Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture (KRVIA), which has compiled this document, contributed its professional expertise to a collaborative endeavour with Society for Promotion of Area Resource Centres (SPARC), an NGO involved with urban poverty. The discussion is an attempt to create a new language of sustainable urbanism and architecture for this metropolis. Thanks to the Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP) authorities for sharing all the drawings and information related to Dharavi. This project has been actively guided and supported by members of the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDF) and Dharavi Bachao Andolan: especially Jockin, John, Anand, Savita, Anjali, Raju Korde and residents’ associations who helped with on-site documentation and data collection, and also participated in the design process by giving regular inputs. The project has evolved in stages during which different teams of researchers have contributed. Researchers and professionals of KRVIA’s Design Cell who worked on the Dharavi Redevelopment Project were Deepti Talpade, Ninad Pandit and Namrata Kapoor, in the first phase; Aditya Sawant and Namrata Rao in the second phase; and Sujay Kumarji, Kairavi Dua and Bindi Vasavada in the third phase. Thanks to all of them. We express our gratitude to Sweden’s Royal University College of Fine Arts, Stockholm, (DHARAVI: Documenting Informalities ) and Kalpana Sharma (Rediscovering Dharavi ) as also Sundar Burra and Shirish Patel for permitting the use of their writings. -
Costal Road JTC.Pdf
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND 1.1 General: 1.2 Mumbai: Strengths and Constraints: 1.3 Transport Related Pollution: 1.4 Committee for Coastal Freeway: 1.5 Reference (TOR): 1.6 Meetings: CHAPTER 2 NEED OF A RING ROAD/ COASTAL FREEWAY FOR MUMBAI 2.1 Review of Past Studies: 2.2 Emphasis on CTS: 2.3 Transport Indicators 2.4 Share of Public Transport: 2.5 Congestion on Roads: 2.6 Coastal Freeways/ Ring Road: 2.7 Closer Examination of the Ring Road: 2.8 Reclamation Option: 2.9 CHAPTER 3 OPTIONS TOWARDS COMPOSITION OF COASTAL FREEWAY 3.1 Structural Options for Coastal Freeway: 3.2 Cost Economics: 3.3 Discussion regarding Options: 3.4 Scheme for Coastal Freeway: CHAPTER 4 COASTAL FREEWAY: SCHEME 4.1 4.2 Jagannath Bhosle Marg-NCPA(Nariman Point)-Malabar Hill-Haji Ali-Worli: 4.3 Bandra Worli: 4.4 Bandra Versova- Malad Stretch 4.5 Coastal road on the Gorai island to Virar: 4.6 Connectivity to Eastern Freeway: 4.7 Interchanges, Exits and Entries: 4.8 Widths of Roads and Reclamation: 4.9 Summary of the Scheme: 4.10 Schematic drawings of the alignment CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 5.1 Coastal Road Scheme: 5.2 Key Issue: Reclamation for Coastal Freeway: 5.3 Inputs received from CSIR-NIO: 5.4 Legislative Framework: 5.5 Further Studies: CHAPTER 6 POLICY INTERVENTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 6.1 Costs: 6.2 Funding and Construction through PPP/EPC Routes: 6.3 Maintenance Costs/ Funding: 6.4 Implementation Strategy: 6.5 Implementation Agency: 6.6 Construction Aspects: 6.7 Gardens, Green Spaces and Facilities: 6.8 Maintenance and Asset Management: CHAPTER -
Study of Housing Typologies in Mumbai
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI CRIT May 2007 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN MUMBAI CRIT May 2007 1 Research Team Prasad Shetty Rupali Gupte Ritesh Patil Aparna Parikh Neha Sabnis Benita Menezes CRIT would like to thank the Urban Age Programme, London School of Economics for providing financial support for this project. CRIT would also like to thank Yogita Lokhande, Chitra Venkatramani and Ubaid Ansari for their contributions in this project. Front Cover: Street in Fanaswadi, Inner City Area of Mumbai 2 Study of House Types in Mumbai As any other urban area with a dense history, Mumbai has several kinds of house types developed over various stages of its history. However, unlike in the case of many other cities all over the world, each one of its residences is invariably occupied by the city dwellers of this metropolis. Nothing is wasted or abandoned as old, unfitting, or dilapidated in this colossal economy. The housing condition of today’s Mumbai can be discussed through its various kinds of housing types, which form a bulk of the city’s lived spaces This study is intended towards making a compilation of house types in (and wherever relevant; around) Mumbai. House Type here means a generic representative form that helps in conceptualising all the houses that such a form represents. It is not a specific design executed by any important architect, which would be a-typical or unique. It is a form that is generated in a specific cultural epoch/condition. This generic ‘type’ can further have several variations and could be interestingly designed /interpreted / transformed by architects. -
Mumbai District
Government of India Ministry of MSME Brief Industrial Profile of Mumbai District MSME – Development Institute Ministry of MSME, Government of India, Kurla-Andheri Road, Saki Naka, MUMBAI – 400 072. Tel.: 022 – 28576090 / 3091/4305 Fax: 022 – 28578092 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.msmedimumbai.gov.in 1 Content Sl. Topic Page No. No. 1 General Characteristics of the District 3 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 3 1.2 Topography 4 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 5 1.4 Forest 5 1.5 Administrative set up 5 – 6 2 District at a glance: 6 – 7 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in the District Mumbai 8 3 Industrial scenario of Mumbai 9 3.1 Industry at a Glance 9 3.2 Year wise trend of units registered 9 3.3 Details of existing Micro & Small Enterprises and artisan 10 units in the district. 3.4 Large Scale Industries/Public Sector undertaking. 10 3.5 Major Exportable item 10 3.6 Growth trend 10 3.7 Vendorisation /Ancillarisation of the Industry 11 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 11 3.8.1 List of the units in Mumbai district 11 3.9 Service Enterprises 11 3.9.2 Potentials areas for service industry 11 3.10 Potential for new MSME 12 – 13 4 Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprises 13 4.1 Details of Major Clusters 13 4.1.1 Manufacturing Sector 13 4.2 Details for Identified cluster 14 4.2.1 Name of the cluster : Leather Goods Cluster 14 5 General issues raised by industry association during the 14 course of meeting 6 Steps to set up MSMEs 15 Annexure - I 16 – 45 Annexure - II 45 - 48 2 Brief Industrial Profile of Mumbai District 1. -
No. Sub Division Designation,Address & Telephone
No. Sub Division Designation,Address & Designation,Address & Designation,Address & Telephone Telephone Number of Assistant Telephone Number of Number of Government Information Information Officer Government Information Officer Officer 1 Office of the 1] Administrative Officer,Desk -1 1] Assistant Commissiner 1] Deputy Commissiner of Commissioner of {Confidential Br.},Office of the of Police,{Head Quarter- Police,{Head Quarter-1},Office of the Police,Mumbai Commissioner of Police, 1},Office of the Commissioner of Police, D.N.Road, D.N.Road,Mumbai-01,Telephone Commissioner of Police, Mumbai-01,Telephone No.2620043 No.22695451 D.N.Road, Mumbai-01, Telephone No.22624426 Confidential Report, Sr.Esstt., 2] Sr.Administrative Officer, Assistant Commissiner of Deputy Commissiner of Police, {Head Dept.Enquiry, Pay, Desk-3 {Sr.Esstt. Br.}, Office of Police, {Head Quarter- Quarter-1},Office of the Commissioner Licence, Welfare, the Commissioner of Police, 1},Office of the of Police, D.N.Road, Mumbai- Budget, Salary, D.N.Road,Mumbai-01, Telephone Commissioner of Police, 01,Telephone No.2620043 Retirdment No.22620810 D.N.Road, Mumbai-01, etc.Branches Telephone No.22624426 3] Sr.Administrative Officer,Desk - Assistant Commissiner of Deputy Commissiner of Police, {Head 5 {Dept.Enquiry} Br., Office of the Police, {Head Quarter- Quarter-1},Office of the Commissioner Commissioner of Police, 1},Office of the of Police, D.N.Road, Mumbai- D.N.Road,Mumbai-01,Telephone Commissioner of Police, 01,Telephone No.2620043 No.22611211 D.N.Road, Mumbai-01, Telephone -
Heritage List
LISTING GRADING OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS PRECINCTS IN MUMBAI Task II: Review of Sr. No. 317-632 of Heritage Regulation Sr. No. Name of Monuments, Value State of Buildings, Precincts Classification Preservation Typology Location Ownership Usage Special Features Date Existing Grade Proposed Grade Photograph 317Zaoba House Building Jagananth Private Residential Not applicable as the Not applicable as Not applicable as Not applicable as Deleted Deleted Shankersheth Marg, original building has been the original the original the original Kalbadevi demoilshed and is being building has been building has been building has been rebuilt. demoilshed and is demoilshed and is demoilshed and is being rebuilt. being rebuilt. being rebuilt. 318Zaoba Ram Mandir Building Jagananth Trust Religious Vernacular temple 1910 A(arc), B(des), Good III III Shankersheth Marg, architecture.Part of building A(cul), C(seh) Kalbadevi in stone.Balconies and staircases at the upper level in timber. Decorative features & Stucco carvings 319 Zaoba Wadi Precinct Precinct Along Jagannath Private Mixed Most features already Late 19th century Not applicable as Poor Deleted Deleted Shankershet Marg , (Residential & altered, except buildings and early 20th the precinct has Kalbadevi Commercial) along J. S. Marg century lost its architectural and urban merit 320 Nagindas Mansion Building At the intersection Private (Nagindas Mixed Indo Edwardian hybrid style 19th Century A(arc), B(des), Fair II A III of Dadasaheb Purushottam Patel) (Residential & with vernacular features like B(per), E, G(grp) Bhadkamkar Marg Commercial) balconies combined with & Jagannath Art Deco design elements Shankersheth & Neo Classical stucco Road, Girgaum work 321Jama Masjid Building Janjikar Street, Trust Religious Built on a natural water 1802 A(arc), A(cul), Good II A II A Near Sheikh Menon (Jama Masjid of (Muslim) source, displays Islamic B(per), B(des),E, Street Bombay Trust) architectural style. -
List of Slum Cluster 2015
SLUM CLUSTER LIST 2015 Slum Rehabilitation Authority, Mumbai OBJECTID CLUSTER_ID WARD VILLAGE TALUKA DISTRICT SLUM NAME AREA (Sq. M.) 1 A_001 A COLABA COLABA MUMBAI GANESH MURTHI NAGAR 120771.23 2 A_005 A FORT COLABA MUMBAI BANGALIPURA 318.50 3 A_006 A FORT COLABA MUMBAI NARIMAN NAGAR 14315.98 4 A_007 A FORT COLABA MUMBAI MACHIMAR NAGAR 37181.09 5 A_009 A COLABA COLABA MUMBAI GEETA NAGAR 26501.21 6 B_021 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI DANA BANDAR 939.53 7 B_022 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI DANA BANDAR 1292.90 8 B_023 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI DANA BANDAR 318.67 9 B_029 B MANDVI COLABA MUMBAI MANDVI 1324.71 10 B_034 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI NALABANDAR JOPAD PATTI 600.14 11 B_039 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI JHOPDAS 908.47 12 B_045 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI INDRA NAGAR 1026.09 13 B_046 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI MAZGAON 1541.46 14 B_047 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI SUBHASHCHANDRA BOSE NAGAR 848.16 15 B_049 B PRINCESS DOCK COLABA MUMBAI MASJID BANDAR 277.27 16 D_001 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI MATA PARVATI NAGAR 21352.02 17 D_003 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI BRANHDHARY 1597.88 18 D_006 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI PREM NAGAR 3211.09 19 D_007 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI NAVSHANTI NAGAR 4013.82 20 D_008 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI ASHA NAGAR 1899.04 21 D_009 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI SIMLA NAGAR 9706.69 22 D_010 D MALABAR HILL COLABA MUMBAI SHIVAJI NAGAR 1841.12 23 D_015A D GIRGAUM COLABA MUMBAI SIDHDHARTH NAGAR 2189.50 Page 1 of 101 SLUM CLUSTER LIST 2015 Slum Rehabilitation Authority, Mumbai OBJECTID CLUSTER_ID WARD VILLAGE TALUKA DISTRICT SLUM NAME AREA (Sq. -
Total List of MCGM and Private Facilities.Xlsx
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI MUNICIPAL DISPENSARIES SR SR WARD NAME OF THE MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY ADDRESS NO NO 1 1 COLABA MUNICIPALMUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 1ST FLOOR, COLOBA MARKET, LALA NIGAM ROAD, COLABA MUMBAI 400 005 SABOO SIDIQUE RD. MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY ( 2 2 SABU SIDDIQ ROAD, MUMBAI (UPGRADED) PALTAN RD.) 3 3 MARUTI LANE MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY MARUTI LANE,MUMBAI A 4 4 S B S ROAD. MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 308, SHAHID BHAGATSINGH MARG, FORT, MUMBAI - 1. 5 5 HEAD OFFICE MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY HEAD OFFICE BUILDING, 2ND FLOOR, ANNEX BUILDING, MUMBAI - 1, 6 6 HEAD OFFICE AYURVEDIC MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY HEAD OFFICE BUILDING, 2ND FLOOR, ANNEX BUILDING, MUMBAI - 1, 7 1 SVP RD. MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 259, SARDAR VALLABBHAI PATEL MARG, QUARTERS, A BLOCK, MAUJI RATHOD RD, NOOR BAUG, DONGRI, MUMBAI 400 8 2 WALPAKHADI MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 009 9B 3 JAIL RD. UNANI MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 259, SARDAR VALLABBHAI PATEL MARG, 10 4 KOLSA MOHALLA MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 20, KOLSA STREET, KOLSA MOHALLA UNANI , PAYDHUNI 11 5 JAIL RD MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY 20, KOLSA STREET, KOLSA MOHALLA UNANI , PAYDHUNI CHANDANWADI SCHOOL, GR.FLOOR,CHANDANWADI,76-SHRIKANT PALEKAR 12 1 CHANDAN WADI MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY MARG,MARINELINES,MUM-002 13 2 THAKURDWAR MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY THAKURDWAR NAKA,MARINELINES,MUM-002 C PANJRAPOLE HEALTH POST, RAMA GALLI,2ND CROSS LANE,DUNCAN ROAD 14 3 PANJRAPOLE MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY MUMBAI - 400004 15 4 DUNCAN RD. MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY DUNCAN ROAD, 2ND CROSS GULLY 16 5 GHOGARI MOHALLA MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY HAJI HASAN AHMED BAZAR MARG, GOGRI MOHOLLA 17 1 NANA CHOWK MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY NANA CHOWK, FIRE BRIGADE COMPOUND, BYCULLA 18 2 R. S. NIMKAR MUNICIPAL DISPENSARY R.S NIMKAR MARG, FORAS ROAD, 19 3 R. -
Greater Mumbai District Maharashtra
1618/DB/2009 भारत सरकार जलजलजल संसाधन मंालय कQिीय भूजल बोड GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD ´ÖÆüÖ¸üÖ™Òü ¸üÖ•µÖ êú †ÓŸÖÔ÷ÖŸÖ मुंबई וֻÖêúß ³Öæ•Ö»Ö ×¾Ö–ÖÖ−Ö•ÖÖ−ÖúÖ¸üß GROUND WATER INFORMATION GREATER MUMBAI DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA By ारा Sourabh Gupta सौरभ गुा Scientist-D वैािनक - घघघ ´Ö¬µÖ¾ÖŸÖá Öê¡Ö −ÖÖ÷Ö¯Öã¸ü CENTRAL REGION NAGPUR 2009 GREATER MUMBAI DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Location : North latitude- 18° 53’ & 19° 19’ East Longitude- 72° 47’ & 72° 59’ Geographical Area : 603 sq. km. (Mumbai City- 69 sq. km.; Mumbai Suburb- 534 sq. km. Population (2001) : 1,77,02,761 Temperature : Maximum- 32.2° C; Minimum- 16.3°C Normal Annual Rainfall : 1800 mm to 2400 mm 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic Units : 2; Hill Ridges with intervening Valleys and Coastal Plains Major Drainage : 2; Mahim and Mithi 3. SOIL TYPE 2; Medium to deep black and reddish colored soil 4. GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS (As on 30/11/2007) Dugwells : 5 5. GEOLOGY Recent : Alluvium Upper Cretaceous To Lower : Basalt (Deccan Trap), Rhyolite and Eocene Trachyte 6. HYDROGEOLOGY Water Bearing Formation : Basalt–Jointed/Fractured/Weathered Vesicular and Massive Basalt River/Marine Alluvium- Sand and Gravel Premonsoon Depth to Water : 2.77 to 6.42 m bgl Level (May-2007) Postmonsoon Depth to Water : 1.80 to 7.10 m bgl Level (Nov.-2007) Premonsoon Water Level Trend : Fall: 0.11 to 0.38 m/year (1998-2007) Postmonsoon Water Level Trend : Rise: 0.09 m/year (1998-2007) Fall : 0.02 to 0.26 m/year 7.