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Mantaining Bahasa Angkola by Its Speakers at Langgar Community in Kota Medan

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Mantaining Bahasa Angkola by Its Speakers at Langgar Community in Kota Medan Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 200 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) Mantaining Bahasa Angkola by its Speakers at Langgar Community in Kota Medan 1) Armita Novriana Rambe 2)Amrin Saragih, Student of English applied Linguistic Study Program Medan 3) Anni Holila Pulungan Medan State University, Indonesia 2&3 ) Lecturers of English Applied Linguistic Study Program [email protected] Medan State University, Indonesia Abstract— The aims of this study was to investigate the languages do not exist any longer after three generations, factors of Angkolanese maintain Bahasa Angkola at because they lost their native speakers. Similarly, as it was Langgar Community in Kota Medan. The research was informed by [2] about 736 of 746 vernaculars in Indonesia are conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this endangered. She also explained that generally the numbers of study were the utterances of Angkolanese speakerss. There the vernacular languages’ speakers tend to be less caused of were 20 participants of this research. the data were there is no writing form of the language. Thus, the oral collected through observation, questionnaire and tradition that developed in minority languages if not interview. The result of this study revealed that: There immediately documented it will be difficult to maintain their were seven factors that affecting language maintenance existence. proposed by Holmes (2001) in this study namely This study was analyzed the factors of maintaining Bahasa environment, language attitude, living together and see Angkola at Langgar Community in Kota Medan. The finding each other frequently, use of language in family domain of this research deals with the resnacular language eventhough (intra marriage and intermarriage), use of language in they do not live in a dominant area of their tribe. This study neighborhood domain, use of language in workplace shows how the vernacular language are maintained by the domain, use of language in religion domain, and practice speakers in a dominant area of the other language. traditional ceremony. The dominant factors affect the maintain the maintain of Bahasa Angkola was living together and see each other frequently. In other hand, II. THEORETICAL BASIS some of the factors that found of this research are not in A. Language Maintenance line with the theory of Holmes of the cultures and customs difference of the Angkola Speakers at Langgar In describing the term maintenance [3] notes that language Community in Kota Medan. maintenance is not merely the absence of language shift. The term is used to refer to the situation where a speech Keywords— Language Maintenance, Bahasa Angkola, community continues to use its traditional language in the face Langgar Community. of a host of conditions that might foster a shift to another language. [4] also states that language maintenance is an effort I. INTRODUCTION in keeping the language alive by using the language Language is a cultural identity. Language and identity are continually in facing the competition among other languages inextricably linked each other and in order to save identity, in society. It means that the existence of the language depend language users must attempt to save their language. Similarly, on the effort of the speakers in maintaining that language by the use of language is one way that is used to establish our using that language continually. Moreover, language identity and shaping of other people’s views of who we are maintenance describes use and indigenous language [1]. Thus, language plays an important role in defining who continuously in all language contexts. The process of language we are, and makes us instantly recognizable to other members maintenance refers to the retention of language and its of our particular speech community. transmission over several generations. In Indonesia, there are hundreds of ethnic languages that [5] make the distinction that language maintenance relates consist of five big islands and hundreds of small islands. Each to the continuing use and proficiency in a language concerning island has some ethnic groups which are create of many both groups and individuals, in the face of competition from languages. Each of these languages is unique. Based on the another language. Language maintenance is the protection and data of UNESCO in the year of 2001, there are 6.900 promotion of the first or native language in an individual or languages in the world, and 2.500 of them are extinction. within a speech community, particularly among language UNESCO said that Indonesia is facing a very big danger of minorities. Yet languages have no existence without people, language shift. Based on the data of UNESCO, almost 200 the process of language maintenance involves different levels, Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 270 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 200 individuals, community, nation, and linguists [6]. It means that inhabited by Bataknese people. Bataknese is divided into five language maintenance is an effort to protect the first language main ethnics, they are Batak Toba, Batak Karo, Batak in speech community by the speakers of its language. Simalungun, Batak Pakpak-Dairi, and Batak Angkola- Furthermore, Language maintenance refers to if the Mandailing [10]. Every ethnic has their own language, those minority language is retained by its traditional speech are: Toba language, Koro language, Simalungun language, community without the intervention of language planning Pakpak/Dairi language, and Angkola and Mandailing activities [7]. It describes the situation where speech language. community retains the use of their languages without Batak Angkola is one of the Toba tribe who moved to intervention of language planning despite competition from Sipirok (one of the region in South Tapanuli, the place where the locally and globally dominant languages. Language Angkola was developed). It is caused by the rapid growing of maintenance described as three generation process. The first Batak Toba population that they moved to find out the new generations still use vernacular language at home though they place to make their life better. Basically, the spread of Batak know another language (Indonesian language), the second Angkola ethnic is wide, but nowadays most of the people generation use vernacular language at home but shift towards know that Angkola is in Padangsidimpuan, Batangtoru, Indonesian language at school and in the work place and the Padanglawas, North Padang Lawas, and South Tapanuli. third generation, the vernacular language disappears totally. Angkola and Mandailing language is very similar. It can be concluded that language maintenance is an effort Here are some of the Angkola Language words which are used which done by minority group to keep the existences of the by Angkolanese people in daily life: vernacular in a multicultural society that have different culture TABLE 1 Angkola Language diversity and ethnic identity. Beside that, language maintenance also refers to the minority group which Angkola Indonesian English successful in keeping their original language in spite of the Language Language pressure exhorted on it by a dominant linguistic group. Thus, the successful in keeping the existence of Angkola language is Au Saya I interested to conduct. Ho Kamu You Ayah Ayah Father B. Factors Affecting Language Maintenance Umak Ibu Mother Language maintenance refers to a situation where the Donok Dekat Near minority group successful in keeping their original language in Juguk Duduk Sit spite of the pressure exhorted on it by a dominant linguistic Modom tidur Sleep group. Despite, multilingual effects to the local language, it is Bagas Rumah House the main problem which takes over the certain language use Ulu Kepala Head domain. However, language maintenance process in a Ligin Lihat look! community or group of speech possibly happen if people in aha? apa? what? that community are willing to use that language. Positive sadia? berapa? how much? attitude toward mother language is one of determinant factors Menek Kecil Small in maintenance process of a language. Borat Berat Heavy The most decisive factor in the future of the endangered Godang Besar Big language is the will and the attitude of the speech ise goarmu? siapa namamu? what is your name? communities. Without the interest of the speech community in madung sudah makan? have you eaten? revitalization, any effort to promote institutional protection mangan? would be senseless and insignificant [8]. It seems only the idia ho sikola? dimana kamu where is your speakers of the minority languagecan say wether the sekolah? school? maintenance of their language is important. nono mataku aku ngantuk I’m sleepy Therefore, [9] states briefly that there are some other got kehe au tu saya mau pergi ke I want to go to the factors that can maintain a language, they are: kobun kebun garden 1) environment, 2) language attitude, 3) living together and see each other frequently, 4) use of language in family domain (intra marriage and intermarriage), use of language in neighborhood domain, 5) use of language in workplace III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY domain, 6) use of language in religion domain, and 7) practice traditional ceremony. This study was conducted by using descriptive
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