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Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior Special Files, 1848–1907 A UPA Collection from Cover: Photo of General William T. Sherman and Commissioners in Council with Indian Chiefs at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, ca. 1868. Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration. Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior Special Files, 1848–1907 Project Editor Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Kristen M. Taynor A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior, special files, 1848– 1907 [microform] / project editor, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. Summary: Reproduces documents from the special files of the Office of Secretary of the Interior held at the National Archives, College Park, MD, consisting of incoming and outgoing correspondence, reports, memorandums, printed matter, and other kinds of records pertaining to Indian administration. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Kristen M. Taynor, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior, special files, 1848–1907. ISBN 0-88692-647-5 1. Indians of North America—Government relations—History—Sources. 2. United States. Dept. of the Interior. Indian Division—Archives. 3. Indians of North America—History— 19th century—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Taynor, Kristen M., 1978– III. University Publications of America (Firm). IV. United States. Dept. of the Interior. Indian Division. E93 323.1197'07309034—dc22 2006047272 CIP Copyright © 2006 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-88692-647-5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ........................................................................................ v Source Note ............................................................................................................ vii Editorial Note .......................................................................................................... vii List of Tribes, Jurisdictions, Agencies, and/or Reservations Included in Special Files.................................................................................... ix Reel Index Reel 1 Special File 1 ................................................................................................ 1 Special File 2 ................................................................................................. 2 Special File 1 cont. ........................................................................................ 2 Reel 2 Special File 1 cont. ........................................................................................ 3 Reel 3 Special File 1 cont. ........................................................................................ 5 Special File 4 ................................................................................................. 6 Reel 4 Special File 4 cont. ........................................................................................ 6 Special Files 6–10 ......................................................................................... 6 Reel 5 Special File 10 cont. ...................................................................................... 8 Special Files 11–16 ....................................................................................... 10 Reel 6 Special Files 17–21 ....................................................................................... 11 Reel 7 Special Files 22–23 ....................................................................................... 13 Reel 8 Special File 23 cont. ..................................................................................... 14 Reel 9 Special Files 26–33 ...................................................................................... 15 Reel 10 Special Files 34–39 ...................................................................................... 16 iii Reel 11 Special File 40 ............................................................................................... 19 Special Files 42–44 ..................................................................................... 19 Papers: Claims ............................................................................................. 20 Reels 12–13 Papers: Claims cont. ..................................................................................... 20 Principal Correspondents Index ........................................................................... 23 Subject Index .......................................................................................................... 29 iv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Special Files, 1848–1907 chronicles a wide variety of topics in the great morass known as “Indian Affairs.” The Department of the Interior, established in 1849, assumed general supervision of Indian administration. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, under the direction of the secretary of the interior, had primary responsibility for the actual conduct of Indian administration. No general records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior exist from its establishment in 1849 until a central filing system started in 1907. The individual divisions of the Interior Department maintained their own records, particularly the Indian Division. Subject, or “special” files, contain letters received by the division, copies of letters sent, reports, memoranda, printed matter, and other records. Researchers will find a treasure trove of information relating to Indian affairs during the period 1848–1907. The years after the Civil War saw a westward expansion unparalleled in any other time in U.S. history. The construction of new railroads helped bring more and more settlers to the vast reaches of the West. This expansion created tension with Indian tribes already occupying western reservations. Tensions quite often turned to open conflict, as in the great Indian Wars of the 1860s–1880s. To alleviate some of this tension, the U.S. government renegotiated treaties with tribes in order to move them farther west to allow for the settlers moving into previously assigned Indian Territory. As more areas of the West became settled, new states emerged, and by the end of the period covered in this collection, Indian reservations were surrounded by settlers of nascent states such as Arizona, North and South Dakota, and Wyoming. This collection highlights the tensions caused by the westward expansion of the post–Civil War years. Congress created the Indian Peace Commission to negotiate treaties with the Plains Indians, which it successfully completed in late 1867 at Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas (Reels 1–3). This commission included prominent civilian and military leaders such as Commissioner of Indian Affairs Nathaniel G. Taylor and General William T. Sherman. Westward expansion also created tension between formerly warring Indian tribes as they were forced to inhabit bordering reservations or even the same reservation due to limited space. The Cherokee Nation, which owned a large portion of land in Oklahoma Territory, was forced to sell portions of its land to new tribes being moved into the area (Reel 9). The payment for land was held in trust for the Cherokee Nation to be paid by the U.S. government at a later date (Reel 11). This collection also highlights events in Indian affairs unrelated to westward expansion. The Modoc War was fought in southern Oregon and northern California between 1872 and 1873. Led by Captain Jack, the Modoc artfully avoided signing a treaty with the U.S. government and shot two of its representatives during a seemingly peaceful negotiation. This apparently unprovoked shooting prompted a harsh crackdown involving U.S. troops. The push for negotiations and the shooting of the two U.S. representatives is covered on Reels 4–5. The Seminole-Negro Indians’ desire to return to the United States from Mexico is also covered in the collection. The Seminole- Negro Indians fled to Mexico to escape slave traders and became an important part of the local areas in which they settled, as is shown by local Mexican officials’ attempts to keep them in Mexico. In the 1870s, however, many returned to the United States at the request of the U.S. government and took positions as Army scouts (Reel 3–4). v Also unrelated to westward expansion is the investigation into allegations against Oklahoma Territory Governor, Frank Frantz (Reels 7–8). Frantz, the last territorial governor of Oklahoma, was allegedly involved in corrupt oil and gas leases with the Osage Indians as well as gambling, alcohol abuse, and prostitution. The majority of the material revolves around the more personal charges against Frantz of gambling, abusing alcohol in public, and visiting houses of ill-repute. The collection contains hundreds of frames of witness testimony for and against Frantz as well as numerous letters testifying to Frantz’s good reputation. The accusers in the case are represented not only by depositions they gave, but also by letters testifying to their reputation as honest and upstanding citizens. The above topics are only a few of the many covered in this collection, which covers territory from North Carolina to Minnesota to Oklahoma Territory to Arizona and California. It details tribes from the Eastern Cherokee
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