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De Sufficientia Praedicamentorum: Suficiência E Distinção Das Categorias Na Escolástica Medieval Volume 1

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De Sufficientia Praedicamentorum: Suficiência E Distinção Das Categorias Na Escolástica Medieval Volume 1 DOUTORAMENTO FILOSOFIA De sufficientia praedicamentorum: suficiência e distinção das categorias na escolástica medieval Volume 1 Mário João Rosas Rebelo Correia D 2020 Mário João Rosas Rebelo Correia De sufficientia praedicamentorum: suficiência e distinção das categorias na escolástica medieval Volume 1 Tese apresentada ao Programa doutoral em Filosofia Orientador: Prof. Doutor José Francisco Preto Meirinhos Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Novembro de 2020 De sufficientia praedicamentorum: suficiência e distinção das categorias na escolástica medieval Mário João Rosas Rebelo Correia Tese apresentada ao Programa doutoral em Filosofia Orientador: Prof. Doutor José Francisco Preto Meirinhos Membros do Júri Presidente: Vogais: Sumário Declaração de honra .................................................................................................................. 6 Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................................. 7 Resumo .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Índice de figuras .......................................................................................................................... 11 Lista de siglas .............................................................................................................................. 12 Introdução ................................................................................................................................... 13 Capítulo 1. Antecedentes............................................................................................................. 26 1.1. Os comentadores neoplatónicos ....................................................................................... 26 1.2. A Trindade ....................................................................................................................... 41 1.3. Reconfigurações e preenchimento de lacunas: as Categoriae decem e o Liber sex principiorum ............................................................................................................................ 55 Capítulo 2. Século XIII: o século das vias divisivas .................................................................. 69 2.1. As primeiras sufficientiae ................................................................................................. 72 2.1.1. O Compendium examinatorium parisiense (c. 1230/40) ........................................... 72 2.1.2. Roberto Kilwardby (c. 1215 - 1279) ......................................................................... 79 2.1.3. Nicolau de Paris (? - 1263) ........................................................................................ 87 2.2. Modi essendi e modi praedicandi ..................................................................................... 94 2.2.1. Alberto Magno (c. 1200 - 1280) ................................................................................ 94 2.2.2. Tomás de Aquino (1224/1225 - 1274) .................................................................... 105 Capítulo 3. Continuidade e rutura ............................................................................................. 114 3.1. Continuidade .................................................................................................................. 117 3.1.1. Pedro de Alvérnia (? – 1304) .................................................................................. 117 3.1.2. Simão de Faversham (c. 1260 - 1306) ..................................................................... 122 3.1.3. Raul, o Bretão (c. 1270 – 1320/1321) ..................................................................... 130 3.2. Rutura ............................................................................................................................. 141 3.2.1. Henrique de Gante (c. 1217/1223? – 1293) ............................................................ 141 3.2.2. Teodorico de Freiberga (c. 1250 - 1310) ................................................................. 155 3.2.3. Pedro de João Olivi (1247/1248 - 1298) ................................................................. 167 3.2.4. João Duns Escoto (1265/1266 - 1308) .................................................................... 171 4 3.3. Excurso: As categorias nos Tractatus (ou Summulae logicales) de um certo Pedro Hispano ................................................................................................................................. 179 Capítulo 4. Século XIV: intencionalidade e distinção .............................................................. 183 4.1. Conformitas, formalitas ou similitudo ........................................................................... 188 4.1.1. Herveu de Nédellec (? - 1323) ................................................................................ 188 4.1.2. Pedro Auriol (c. 1280? - 1322) ................................................................................ 204 4.1.3. Pedro de Tomás (? - 1340) ...................................................................................... 226 4.1.4. Guilherme de Ockham (c. 1287/1288 - 1347) ......................................................... 238 4.2. Respostas à tendência reducionista ................................................................................ 254 4.2.1. Gualter Burley (c. 1275 – 1344) .............................................................................. 254 4.2.2. Gualter Chatton (c. 1290 – 1343/4) ......................................................................... 260 4.2.3. Gregório de Rimini (c. 1300? – 1358) .................................................................... 264 4.2.4. João Buridano (1292 – 1363 [ou 1358/62]) ............................................................ 269 4.2.5. Brás de Parma (1350/4 – 1416) ............................................................................... 276 Considerações finais .................................................................................................................. 283 Referências bibliográficas ......................................................................................................... 289 1. Fontes ................................................................................................................................ 289 1.1. Manuscritos e edições antigas .................................................................................... 289 1.2. Edições críticas e outras edições modernas ................................................................ 290 2. Estudos .............................................................................................................................. 297 5 Declaração de honra Declaro que o presente trabalho é de minha autoria e não foi utilizado previamente noutro curso ou unidade curricular, desta ou de outra instituição. As referências a outros autores (afirmações, ideias, pensamentos) respeitam escrupulosamente as regras da atribuição, e encontram-se devidamente indicadas no texto e nas referências bibliográficas, de acordo com as normas de referenciação. Tenho consciência de que a prática de plágio e auto- plágio constitui um ilícito académico. Mário João Rosas Rebelo Correia Porto, 23 de novembro de 2020 6 Agradecimentos Foram muitas as pessoas que me ajudaram ao longo destes quatro anos de trabalho. Mas devo começar por agradecer à minha querida mulher, Teresinha, por ter abdicado de tanto, com toda a gratuidade do mundo, para que eu pudesse ter o tempo e as condições para levar este trabalho até ao fim. Perante o desafio de mudar de vida e de pele tantas vezes em tão pouco tempo, em especial neste último ano, com a vinda maravilhosa dos nossos príncipes, Joaquim e Vasco, foste o pilar e a constância que só o amor pode dar. Gostaria de deixar uma palavra muito especial de agradecimento infinito ao meu orientador, professor José Meirinhos, que não é apenas um grande académico. Muito mais do que isso, é a generosidade e a hospitalidade em pessoa para todos aqueles que têm a sorte de se cruzar com ele. Queria agradecer aos meus pais, pela vida que me deram e por tudo o que eu nem imagino que lhes devo. Esta tese não estaria tão apresentável se não tivesse passado pelo implacável crivo de Margarida Correia, minha mãe. Agradeço aos meus sogros por nos terem acolhido em casa num momento tão importante das nossas vidas. À minha irmã, Guida, e ao Ricardo: o tempo que despenderam em móveis, candeeiros, estantes, foi para mim tempo precioso de estudo e escrita. Também queria dedicar este trabalho aos meus colegas e ex-colegas. Ao Vasco Castro, o Matador de Lendas, que vai salvar a consciência das garras do psicologismo, pelas longas conversas, tardes de estudo, jantares, mas sobretudo, por ser o mais honrado e leal amigo. Ao Hugo Calhim Cristóvão, pelo exemplo maior de liberdade, por me desviar dos meus sonos bafientos e me espicaçar a ser mais. Tiro o chapéu, mil vezes. À Carlota Salgadinho Ferreira, rainha do Atlântico, que deixou um grande vazio de saudade no Porto. Este patife esperto tem o privilégio e o enorme prazer de te ver desabrochar. Aos companheiros diários do GFM, um monumental obrigado. Ao João Rebalde, o verdadeiro sábio, por quem
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