Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Golden Spike National Historic Site

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/206 ON THE COVER Mullein (Verbascum thapsus), an introduced species at Golden Spike National Historic Site, Utah. Photograph by Walter Fertig. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Golden Spike National Historic Site

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/206

Author Walter Fertig Moenave Botanical Consulting 1117 W. Grand Canyon Dr. Kanab, UT 84741

Editing and Design Alice Wondrak Biel Northern Colorado Plateau Network P.O. Box 848 Moab, UT 84532

May 2009

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientiﬁ c community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientiﬁ cally credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner.

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Please cite this publication as: Fertig, W. 2009. Annotated checklist of vascular ﬂ ora: Golden Spike National Historic Site. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/206. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

NPS D-228, May 2009 ii Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Contents

Figures ...... v Tables ...... v Abstract ...... vii Acknowledgements ...... ix

1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background and justiﬁ cation ...... 1 1.2 Objectives ...... 1 1.3 Study area ...... 1 1.3.1 History and setting ...... 1 1.3.2 Geology ...... 2 1.3.3 Vegetation ...... 2 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies ...... 2

2 Methods ...... 7

3 Results ...... 9 3.1 Summary of the ﬂ ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site ...... 9 3.2 Life form and biogeographic diversity ...... 10 3.3 Plants of special concern ...... 10 3.4 Non-native species and noxious weeds ...... 10 4 Discussion ...... 13

5 Literature Cited ...... 15

Appendices ...... 17 Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes...... 19 Appendix B. Potential (unconfi rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site...... 34 Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site...... 43 Appendix D. Confi rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes...... 44

Contents iii

Figures

Figure 1.3.1. Location of Golden Spike National Historic Site, Box Elder County, Utah...... 3 Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa conﬁ rmed as present in Golden Spike National Historic Site, 1975–2007...... 5

Tables

Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant collecting efforts, Golden Spike National Historic Site...... 4 Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the ﬂ ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site...... 9 Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern, Golden Spike National Historic Site...... 11

Contents v

Abstract

In 2005–2006, the National Park Service’s Northern Colorado Plateau Network received funding to develop a revised checklist of the vascular plant fl ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site. This entailed a thorough review of existing literature, re-examination of herbarium specimens collected from Golden Spike National Historic Site, and additional fi eld work to corroborate unverifi ed species reports or locate new species. Based on this study, 144 vascular plant taxa have been confi rmed or reliably reported as occuring in the site (137 are known from validated herbarium specimens and 7 from unvouchered literature reports). Three species formerly considered part of the historic site fl ora have now been shown to be falsely reported. The current fl ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site represents about 4% of the known fl ora of Utah and 7.7% of the fl ora of the Great Basin ecoregion within Utah. Although no species from Golden Spike National Historic Site are listed as threatened or endangered, at least six taxa are considered species of concern by the state natural heritage program. Introduced plants make up 30.5% of the site fl ora (44 species), of which only two species are considered noxious weeds by the State of Utah. Further surveys in Golden Spike National Historic Site are likely to fi nd additional new species (about 163 are known from similar habitats outside the historic site boundary), especially among late-fl owering and weedy taxa.

Contents vii

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project. Dr. Angela Ev- enden, botanist and former leader of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) program in Moab, was an active proponent of this project and helped secure funding for ﬁ eld work and herbarium studies in 2006. Laura and Mike Fertig assisted with ﬁ eld work in October 2006. Drs. Michael Piep and Mary Barkworth provided access to Golden Spike National Historic Site (NHS) collections housed at the Intermountain Herbarium on the campus of Utah State University. Dr. Leila Shultz shared data from her work in Golden Spike NHS and helped me track down some references. Libby Nance, former database specialist with the NCPN, assisted with development and quality control of the historic site’s NPSpecies database. Libby Nance, Janet Coles, Sarah Topp, and Helen Thomas also provided data from recent vegetation mapping studies in the historic site. Drs. Stanley Welsh and Duane Atwood provided access to herbarium collections at Brigham Young University (BRY). Thanks to the technical reviewers (Dr. Angela Evenden, Dr. Dusty Perkins, and Libby Nance) for their comments and suggestions. To any others who I may have inadvertently forgotten, please accept my apolo- gies (and thanks).

Research was conducted under permit #GOSP-2006-SCI-0001 for study number GOSP-00001. Fund- ing was provided by the National Park Service through the University of Wyoming.

Contents ix

in the network (Evenden et al. 2002). This eff ort 1 Introduction has entailed reviewing existing species checklists, corroborating the identifi cation of specimens in In 2006, the National Park Service (NPS) estab- park museum and herbarium collections, locat- lished a cooperative agreement with the Univer- ing additional specimen records from other mu- sity of Wyoming, through the Rocky Mountains seums, mining relevant literature and datasets, Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, to produce and conducting fi eld surveys to locate new taxa a series of technical reports summarizing the vas- or confi rm unsubstantiated reports.† All of these cular plant fl ora of each of the 16 national park data have been synthesized in NPSpecies, the units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network park service’s standardized database for docu- (NCPN). These reports are based on existing in- menting park status (present, probably present, formation in the park service’s NPSpecies data- unconfi rmed, falsely reported), abundance, resi- base system and augmented by further data min- dency, nativity, and rarity. With the production of ing, reviews of state and regional herbaria, and a technical series of reports on the fl ora of each new fi eld surveys to resolve the status of many re- park, the NPSpecies data will now be available to ported and unconfi rmed species. The objective of a broader audience. these reports is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the fl ora of each park for the bene- fi t of NPS biologists and interpretive staff , outside 1.2 Objectives researchers, and the general public. The follow- The objectives of this project were to: ing report addresses the vascular fl ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site, in northwestern 1. Document the current status (present, Utah. Other NCPN park units are addressed in reported, potential, or falsely reported) of all separate reports. vascular plant species that have been cited as occurring in Golden Spike National Historic Site based on a review of herbarium collec- 1.1 Background and justifi cation tions and past literature. One of the primary missions of the NPS is “to conserve unimpaired the natural and cultural 2. Develop an annotated checklist of the fl ora resources and values of the national park system of Golden Spike National Historic Site with for the enjoyment of this and future generations” supplemental information on taxonomic (NPS 2000). Due to their high degree of protec- synonyms, distribution, within-park abun- tion and distribution across a wide variety of hab- dance, fl owering period, growth form, nativ- itat types, the nation’s national park units make a ity, habitat, and sources for each record. signifi cant contribution to the protection of biological diversity (Noss and Cooperrider 1994). 1.3 Study area Unfortunately, the full contribution of the NPS system is not known, as many park units have 1.3.1 History and setting traditionally lacked comprehensive biological in- In 1862, the U.S. Congress passed legislation au- ventories or monitoring programs to identify the thorizing construction of the fi rst transcontinen- composition and condition of their biota. Know- tal railroad to link the eastern United States to ing the status of park fl ora and fauna is critical for growing population centers on the Pacifi c coast. eff ective park management and for systematically The Union Pacifi c Railroad built the eastern por- identifying and fi lling gaps in the nation’s protect- tion of the line (starting in Omaha, Nebraska, ed area network (Margules and Pressey 2000). and extending across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains), while the Central Pacifi c Railroad To rectify this shortcoming, Congress passed was responsible for the line heading over the the National Parks Omnibus Management Act Sierra Nevada and Great Basin. After six years in 1998 to provide guidance and funding for an and construction of 1,776 miles of new track, inventory and monitoring program across the the two rail lines met at Promontory Summit, entire National Park System. Since 2000, the north of the Great Salt Lake in Utah Territory, on NCPN Inventory and Monitoring Program has May 10, 1869. The fi nal railroad tie was secured been developing and verifying species lists of with a special golden spike to commemorate the vertebrates and vascular plants for each park unit

†Taxa refer to all named species, subspecies, and varieties.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 occasion (the golden spike was immediately re- 1.3.3 Vegetation placed with a less theft-prone and more practical Most of Golden Spike NHS is a sagebrush grass- iron spike) (Utley and Ketterson 1969). land dominated by basin big sagebrush (Artemisia The short-lived town of Promontory grew up tridentata var. tridentata), graystem rabbitbrush around the golden spike site, but was essentially (Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. gnaphalodes), and abandoned when the railroad terminus moved purple three-awn (Aristida purpurea) grassland. to Ogden in 1870. The rail line itself was largely Disturbed areas along old railroad lines and roads bypassed by a shortcut built across the Great Salt have high concentrations of cheatgrass (Bromus Lake in 1902. By 1942, the line over Promontory tectorum), common sunfl ower (Helianthus an- Summit was completely abandoned and the track nuus ssp. lenticularis), and broom snakeweed removed for scrap used in World War II (Utley (Gutierrezia sarothrae). and Ketterson 1969). 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies Following eff orts by local citizens and historians, a seven-acre area around the historic townsite of The earliest scientifi c exploration of the north Promontory was designated a national historic end of the Great Salt Lake was conducted by site in 1957. The area was transferred to the Na- Howard Stansbury in 1849, while tracing one of tional Park Service in 1965, and expanded to in- the proposed routes for a transcontinental rail- clude more than 15 miles of railroad grade and road. Although Stansbury’s party collected sev- historic sites, such as the Big Fill and Big Trestle. eral new species to science (including cliff rose, In 1980, Congress expanded the site’s boundar- Purshia [Cowania] mexicana var. stansburyana), ies to their present size (2,735 acres, Figure 1.3.1) none apparently came from the immediate vicin- and mixture of public and private lands (Evenden ity of Golden Spike NHS (Cronquist et al. 1972). et al. 2002). Evenden et al. (2002) discussed an early fl oristic Golden Spike National Historic Site (NHS) is study from the 1970s, but the list (Hansen 1975) located approximately 32 miles west of Brigham has not been relocated. Lois Arnow, of the Uni- City and 55 miles north of Ogden in north-cen- versity of Utah, collected the earliest-known her- tral Box Elder County, Utah (Figure 1.3.1). The barium specimen (annual wheatgrass, Eremopy- site occupies the saddle of a major pass across rum triticeum) from Golden Spike NHS in 1975 the Promontory Range at the northern edge of (Table 1.3.4). Leila Shultz and colleagues docu- the Great Salt Lake Basin. Elevation ranges from mented the local endemic Passey’s onion (Allium 4,360 feet (1,329 meters) to 5,280 feet (1,609 me- passeyi) and three other taxa within the site dur- ters). Temperatures can vary from daytime highs ing a 1980 study (Boyce 1980). of 20° F in winter to 100° F in mid-summer. Aver- The fi rst major fl oristic study of the Golden Spike age annual precipitation is 8–12 inches (200–300 area did not take place until the mid 1990s. Linda mm), mostly coming as winter snow (Evenden et Allen, Michael Curto, Robert Fitts, and colleagues al. 2002). from Utah State University and the Utah Native Plant Society conducted a one-day fi eld survey in 1.3.2 Geology May 1994, and documented 47 new species for Golden Spike NHS and the adjacent Promontory the historic site (Allen and Curto 1994). The study Mountains are part of an uplifted fault block of was continued in 1995, with 68 additional species Pennsylvanian–Permian age dolomite and lime- being vouchered or reported. Allen and Curto stone displaced to the east during the Sevier (1995) cited 120 species for Golden Spike NHS Orogeny in the Cretaceous (Chronic 1990). In in their fi nal report, with 109 confi rmed with the Pleistocene, these rock layers were reworked herbarium specimens (deposited at Utah State by the rising and falling of Lake Bonneville (the University) and 11 observed but not vouchered freshwater precursor of the Great Salt Lake), (Table 1.3.4, Figure 1.3.4). which covered most of northwest Utah. Reced- Field work since 2005 has resulted in two dozen ing lake waters ultimately left a series of terraces additional species being collected or reported for of fi ne-grained lake sediments, alluvium, and out- the area. Leila Shultz and colleagues from Utah crops of dolomite bedrock. State University reported two new species in 2005

2 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Golden Spike National Historic Site Utah

Visitor Center

Established April 2, 1957 Legend 1,329−1,609 meters elevation (4,360−5,280 feet elevation) Intermittent streams Park boundary (NPS) 1,107 hectares (2,735 acres) Paved roads Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Unpaved roads 0120.5 Private Kilometers Unimproved/4WD roads State Old railroad beds 0120.5 Water Miles

MAP CREATED BY ANETH WIGHT, NCPN (DERIVED FROM EVENDEN ET AL. 2002) Figure 1.3.1. Location of Golden Spike National Historic Site, Box Elder County, Utah.

Chapter 1: Introduction 3 (their vouchers could not be relocated for cor- and others from the NCPN vegetation mapping roboration in 2006). My wife, Laura, and I found crew discovered ﬁ ve new species in 2007 (NCPN 17 new species and relocated 7 previously report- in ed.). ed (but unvouchered) taxa in 2006. Janet Coles

Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant collecting efforts, Golden Spike National Historic Site. Year Collector(s) # of new Comments taxa 1975 L. Arnow 1 Lois Arnow collected annual wheatgrass (Eremopyrum triticeum) from GOSP grounds (specimen at BRY). 1980 L. Shultz, J. Shultz, & B. 4 Leila Shultz and colleagues collected Passey’s onion (Allium passeyi) and Boyce three other plant species while conducting a rare plant survey (Boyce 1980). 1994 M. Curto, L. Allen, R. 47 Allen and Curto (1994) collected vouchers of 47 new species during a one- Fitts, & L. Teerlink day survey supported by Utah State University and the Utah Native Plant Society. 1995 M. Curto, L. Allen, M. 63 (+ 5 Allen, Curto, and colleagues added 63 additional species during 1995 fi eld Hysell, & G. Ellis reported) work. Their fi nal species list contained 109 verifi ed species (with vouchers at Utah State University) and 11 unvouchered reports (6 of which have since been corroborated) (Allen and Curto 1995). 2005 L. Shultz, F. Wagner, & 2 reported Leila Shultz and colleagues from Utah State University reported forage R. Banner (1 of these kochia (Kochia prostrata) and seepweed (Suaeda sp.) for the site confi rmed (specimens could not be located in 2006 search of Utah State University in 2007) Herbarium). Janet Coles of NCPN verifi ed Torrey’s seepweed (Suaeda torreyana) at Golden Spike NHS in 2007. 2006 W. Fertig & L. Fertig 17 Fertig and Fertig discovered 17 new plant species for Golden Spike NHS and relocated 7 species previously reported by Allen and Curto (1995) without vouchers. 2007 J. Coles, P. Williams, & 4 (+ 1 Four new species were documented and a fi fth was reported (without a B. Condie reported) voucher) by vegetation mappers with the NCPN (in ed.).

4 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site 160

140

120

100

60 Number of vascular taxa 40

0 1975 1980 1994 1995 2007

Year

Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa conﬁ rmed as present in Golden Spike National Historic Site, 1975–2007.

Chapter 1: Introduction 5

Each list was annotated with supplemental in- 2 Methods formation on life form, geographic range (within the context of Utah), population size in the his- In June 2006, I reviewed all available mounted toric site (derived from Allen and Curto 1995 and specimens from Golden Spike NHS housed in the fi eld observations), fl owering period, distribu- Intermountain Herbarium at Utah State Univer- tion across general vegetation types, nativity, data sity (UTC) to determine whether each was cor- source (collector and collection number from rectly identifi ed to species, subspecies, or variety a sample specimen or literature citation), year following the nomenclature of Welsh et al. (2003). of earliest collection (from herbarium records), As necessary, I made corrections and annotations and relevant synonymy and taxonomic prob- to each specimen and to the voucher records in lems (based on review of Barkworth et al. 2003, the site’s Automated National Cataloging System 2007; Barneby 1989; Cronquist 1994; Cronquist (ANCS+) and NPSpecies database. et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; Dorn 2001; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, 1997, Based on this herbarium work, a review of park 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, references (Allen and Curto 1995), and a query of 2006c; Holmgren et al. 2005; and Weber and the Intermountain Herbarium online digital plant Wittmann 2001). The annotations to these lists database, I developed four lists: and label data from the herbarium review were then incorporated into the NPSpecies database 1. A revised checklist of species that were pres- for Golden Spike NHS. ent in the park (confi rmed by an authenticated voucher; included in Appendices A Work in 2006–2007 focused on confi rmation of and D); reported and potential species for the site fl ora 2. A list of species that were reported in the lit- through fi eld surveys and review of collections erature but not corroborated with a voucher from state and regional herbaria. I made two col- (equivalent to “probably present” in NPSpe- lecting trips to Golden Spike NHS, in June and cies terminology; included in Appendices A October 2006, to target missing species, emphasiz- and D); ing undersampled weedy and late-fl owering taxa. Herbarium studies were undertaken at Brigham 3. A list of potential species (“unconfi rmed” Young University (BRY), Utah State University in NPSpecies) known from the vicinity of (UTC), and the University of Wyoming (RM) in Golden Spike NHS using an unpublished March, June, and October 2006, and February list generated by Dr. N. Duane Atwood of and March 2007. Finally, I found additional new Brigham Young University and Albee et al. species reports by examining unmounted collec- (1988) (included in Appendix B); and tions by NCPN researchers conducting vegetation mapping (NCPN in ed.). 4. A list of species that are now known to be misidentifi ed or highly questionable (Ap- pendix C).

Chapter 2: Methods 7

not vouchered). In 2007, four new species were 3 Results added through the eff orts of the NCPN vegetation mapping team (NCPN in ed.), bringing the 3.1 Summary of the fl ora of Golden total documented fl ora of Golden Spike NHS to 137 (Table 3.1, Appendices A, D). Spike National Historic Site Of the 132 vascular plant vouchers from Golden Seven additional taxa have been reported for Spike NHS in the UTC and BRY herbaria that I Golden Spike NHS but have yet to be corrobo- examined in 2006, 4 were misidentifi ed (3%), 11 rated with a voucher specimen (Table 3.1, Appen- were revised to a more current name (8.3%), 35 dix A). Of these, fi ve were reported by Allen and had variety or subspecies names added (26.5%), Curto (1995) and two others from unconfi rmed and 82 were found to be correctly determined herbarium reports at Utah State University and (62.1%) (Fertig 2006). Based solely on these col- observations by the NCPN vegetation mapping lections, the confi rmed fl ora of Golden Spike crew (NCPN in ed.). Taken together, the number NHS stood at 109 taxa (with 11 additional spe- of confi rmed and reported vascular plant taxa at cies reported, but not vouchered by Allen and Golden Spike NHS stands at 144 taxa (Table 3.1, Curto [1995]). Field surveys in 2006 netted 24 Appendix A). additional species (17 taxa were new to the historic site and 7 had previously been reported but Entering the 2006 fi eld season, I recognized 167

Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the ﬂ ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site. Number Number Category conﬁ rmed additionally Total in park reported for park Taxonomic diversity Total taxa 137 7 144 (including varieties and subspecies) Full species 136 6 142 (excluding varieties and subspecies) Families 31 1 32 Life form diversity Tree taxa 0 0 0 Shrub taxa 18 2 20 Perennial forb taxa 61 3 64 Annual forb taxa 37 1 38 Perennial graminoid taxa 14 1 15 Annual graminoid taxa 7 0 7 Fern taxa 0 0 0 Biogeographic diversity Introduced taxa 40 4 44 Native taxa Locally endemic taxa 1 0 1 Regionally endemic taxa 5 0 5 Disjunct taxa 0 0 0 Peripheral taxa 2 0 2 Sparse taxa 3 0 3 Widespread taxa 86 3 89 Total native taxa 97 3 100 The number of taxa and families is based on taxonomic concepts of Welsh et al. (2003). See Appendices for an explanation of the various categories.

Chapter 3: Results 9 taxa as potentially occurring in Golden Spike Of the historic site’s 100 native taxa, 89 (89.0%) NHS, based on the proximity of the site to oth- are widespread across Utah and western North er known populations (Albee et al. 1988; Fertig America. Only one species (Passey’s onion) is a 2006). Four of these species were found to occur local endemic (restricted to an area of less than in Golden Spike NHS based on fi eld collections 1° of latitude × 2° of longitude; see Appendix A or relocated herbarium specimens in 2006–2007. for complete defi nitions of biogeographic cat- The current number of potential species that I am egories). Regional endemics (largely restricted to recognizing for Golden Spike National Historic the Great Basin) comprise an additional 5.0% of Site is 163 (Appendix B). the Golden Spike NHS fl ora (see Table 3.1). The remaining 5% of the fl ora consists of species at Of the original pool of species documented or re- the margin of their contiguous range (peripheral ported for Golden Spike NHS, I found that three taxa) or that occur sparsely over Utah. taxa were falsely reported based on misidentifi ed voucher specimens in the UTC herbarium (Ap- pendix C). 3.3 Plants of special concern Golden Spike NHS has no plants listed as threat- The confi rmed and reported fl ora of Golden ened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Spike NHS represents 4% of the 3,594 native and Species Act. Passey’s onion was formerly a Cate- naturalized taxa documented for the state of Utah gory 2 candidate for potential listing under the act by Welsh et al. (2003) and 21.2% of the state’s 151 (Table 3.3), but currently has no protective status. plant families (Table 3.1). Within Box Elder Coun- Six taxa in all are tracked as species of concern ty, the historic site fl ora captures 15.2% of the 948 by the Utah Conservation Data Center (UTCDC) taxa reported by Welsh et al. (2003). At the ecore- (UDWR 1998). gional scale, Golden Spike NHS contains 7.7% of the 1,876 species from the Utah portion of the 3.4 Non-native species and noxious Great Basin (Shultz et al. 2006; Welsh et al. 2003). weeds 3.2 Life form and biogeographic Introduced plant species (not historically native diversity to Utah or North America) make up 30.6% of the confi rmed and reported fl ora of Golden Spike Although ecologically dominant, shrub spe- NHS (Table 3.4). This fi gure is signifi cantly higher cies make up only 13.9% of the confi rmed and than the statewide average of 13.5% non-native reported plant taxa of Golden Spike NHS (see species (Fertig 2007; Welsh et al. 2003). Of the 44 Table 3.1). No tree species are presently known introduced plant species confi rmed or reported from the area, although Evenden et al. (2002) for Golden Spike NHS, only two are listed as nox- reported an historical record of box-elder (Acer ious by the State of Utah (State of Utah Depart- negundo). Perennial forbs are the most species- ment of Agriculture and Food 2007). Field bind- rich life form in the historic site’s fl ora, with 64 weed (Convolvulus arvensis) occurs in disturbed known and reported taxa (44.4% of the total fl o- soils over much of the historic site, particularly ra). Annual forbs and grass-like plants comprise along abandoned railroad lines. Dyer’s woad (Isa- just over 31% of the fl ora. Like shrubs, perennial tis tinctoria) was reported as occasional by Allen graminoids are ecologically important but rela- and Curto (1995) but was not vouchered and has tively species-poor, representing less than 11% of not been relocated since. the total fl ora. No ferns or fern-allies are present at Golden Spike NHS (see Table 3.1).

10 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern, Golden Spike National Historic Site. TNC UTCDC Family Species Common name global Legal status status rank Compositae Artemisia ludoviciana Louisiana G5T5 Peripheral, S1 (Asteraceae) var. latiloba wormwood Compositae Microseris dandelion G5 Peripheral, S1 (Asteraceae) troximoides microseris Cruciferae Arabis lignifera Sweetwater G5T5 Add. Data, (Brassicaceae) rockcress Liliaceae (Alliaceae) Allium passeyi Passey’s onion G1 USFWS former C2 candidate Rare, S1S2 Liliaceae Calochortus Bruneau G5 Peripheral, S2 (Calochortaceae) bruneaunis mariposa Scrophulariaceae Penstemon Raft River G4T3? Watch, S2? cyananthus var. penstemon subglaber This list is derived from Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (1998). All species are conﬁ rmed as present at Golden Spike NHS.

Codes: TNC global rank assesses abundance and conservation priority on a scale of 1–5 (1 being extremely vulnerable and 5 being secure) for full species (G) and varieties or subspecies (T) across their entire range. A “?” indicates uncertainty in the rank, Q = taxonomic questions, U = unknown, and NR = not ranked. A comparable scoring system is used to measure state abundance (S) in Utah under the column UTCDC status. Under legal status, USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. C2 = category 2 candidate (a former category used for taxa that might warrant being proposed for threatened or endangered status following additional research). UTCDC status includes conservation categories adopted by the state natural heritage program to prioritize endemic and rare plant taxa (UDWR 1998). These categories include: Historical (presumed extinct or only known historically through their range), Rare (plants with rangewide viability concerns), Watch (regional endemics without rangewide viability concerns), Peripheral (rare or uncommon in Utah, but more common rangewide), Infrequent (plants occur infrequently over western U.S.), Taxonomic Problems (validity of species, subspecies, or variety has been questioned), Additional Data (species appear rare, but more information needed before being assigned to a different category).

Chapter 3: Results 11

found, the documented fl ora of the site would in- 4 Discussion crease by nearly 53%. Many of the “missing” potential or reported taxa consist of cryptic species Since the publication of Allen and Curto’s 1995 that fl ower late in the growing season, or occur in checklist, the known fl ora of Golden Spike NHS undersampled weedy habitats. Confi rmation of has increased by nearly 17% to the current total reported species should remain a high priority, as of 144 confi rmed and reported taxa (Tables 1.3.4 some of these taxa may ultimately prove to be er- and 3.1, Figure 1.3.4, Appendix A). Based on roneous. Additional studies would also be useful available habitats and proximity, at least another to better refi ne the abundance and distribution of 163 plant taxa may occur within the site (Appen- species of high management interest (especially dix B). Should all of these potential species be rare plants and invasive non-natives).

Chapter 4: Discussion 13

5 Literature Cited New York Botanical Garden. 270 pp. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Hol- Albee, B. J., L. M. Shultz, and S. Goodrich. 1988. mgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, Atlas of the vascular plants of Utah. +Occa- eds. 1977. Volume 6, The monocotyledons. sional Publ. 7, Salt Lake City: Utah Museum Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the of Natural History. 670 pp. Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 584 pp. Allen, L., and M. Curto. 1994. Golden Spike National Historic Site fl oristic biodiversity ——. 1984. Volume 4, Subclass Asteridae (except survey. Utah State University and the Utah Asteraceae). Intermountain fl ora: Vascular Native Plant Society. Logan, Ut. 18 pp. plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. ——. 1995. Golden Spike National Historic Site 573 pp. vascular plant species list. Utah State Univer- sity, Logan, Ut. 10 pp. Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K. Hol- mgren, eds. 1997. Volume 3, Part A, Subclass Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, and M. Rosidae (except Fabales). Intermountain B. Piep, eds. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Com- fl ora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain melinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Flora of West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botani- North America north of Mexico, Volume 25. cal Garden. 446 pp. New York: Oxford University Press. 783 pp. Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular plants of Wyoming. Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, L. K. Third edition. Cheyenne, Wy.: Mountain Anderton, and M. B. Piep, eds. 2007. Mag- West Publishing. 412 pp. noliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poace- ae, part 1. Flora of North America north Evenden, A., M. Miller, M. Beer, E. Nance, S. of Mexico, Volume 24. New York: Oxford Daw, A. Wight, M. Estenson, and L. Cudlip. University Press. 911 pp. 2002. Northern Colorado Plateau Vital Signs Network and Prototype Cluster plan for Barneby, R. C. 1989. Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. natural resources monitoring: Phase I report In Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. [two volumes]. October 1. National Park Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, Service, Northern Colorado Plateau Net- eds. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of work, Moab, Ut. 138 pp + app. the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 279 pp. Fertig, W. 2006. Herbarium and fi eld studies of vascular plant fl ora of GOSP for National Boyce, B. N. 1980. The Passey onion: Its history, Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Pro- discovery, and current status at Golden gram. Invesigator’s Annual Report, National Spike National Historic Site. National Park Park Service. 2 pp. Service, Brigham City, Ut. 24 pp. Fertig, W. 2007. Introduced and naturalized Chronic, H. 1990. Roadside geology of Utah. plants of Utah. Sego Lily 30(5):7–11. Missoula, Mt.: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 325 pp. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Cronquist, A. 1994. Volume 5, Asterales. In Flora of North America north of Mexico, Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Hol- Volume 2. New York: Oxford University mgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, eds. Press. 475 pp. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: ——. 1997. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and New York Botanical Garden. 496 pp. Hamamelidae. Flora of North America north of Mexico, Volume 3. New York: Ox- Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, ford University Press. 590 pp. and J. L. Reveal, eds. 1972. Volume 1, Geo- logical and botanical history of the region: ——. 2000. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Are- Its plant geography and a glossary. The cidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zin- vascular cryptogams and the gymnosperms. giberidae. Flora of North America north Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the of Mexico, Volume 22. New York: Oxford Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: University Press. 352 pp.

Chapter 5: Literature Cited 15 ——. 2002a. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN). part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America in ed. Golden Spike National Historic north of Mexico, Volume 23. New York: Site vegetation classifi cation and mapping Oxford University Press. 608 pp. project. Natural Resource Technical Report. National Park Service, Denver, Co. ——. 2002b. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America north Noss, R. F., and A. Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving of Mexico, Volume 26. New York: Oxford nature’s legacy: Protecting and restoring University Press. 723 pp. biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 416 pp. ——. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Shultz, L. M., R. D. Ramsey, and W. Lindquist. Volume 4. New York: Oxford University 2006. Revised atlas of Utah plants. College Press. 559 pp. of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Ut. http://earth.gis.usu.edu/plants. ——. 2005. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. Flora of North America north of Mexico. State of Utah Department of Agriculture and Volume 5. New York: Oxford University Food. 2007. Utah noxious weed list. http:// Press. 656 pp. www.ag.state.ut.us/plantind/nox_utah.html (accessed June 2007). ——. 2006a. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1. Flora of North America Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). north of Mexico. Volume 19. New York: 1998. Inventory of sensitive species and Oxford University Press. 579 pp. ecosystems in Utah. Endemic and rare plants of Utah: An overview of their distribution ——. 2006b. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: and status. Report prepared for the Utah Asteraceae, part 2. Flora of North America Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation north of Mexico. Volume 20. New York: Commission and U.S. Department of the Oxford University Press. 666 pp. Interior. 566 pp + app. ——. 2006c. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Utley, R. M., and F. A. Ketterson, Jr. 1969. Asteraceae, part 3. Flora of North America Golden Spike National Historic Site, Utah. north of Mexico. Volume 21. New York: National Park Service Historical Handbook Oxford University Press. 616 pp. Series, # 40, Washington, D.C. Hansen, K. 1975. Plant inventory, Golden Spike Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittmann. 2001. Colo- National Historic Site; species list. rado fl ora: Western Slope. Third edition. Holmgren, N. H., P. K. Holmgren, and A. Cron- Boulder, Co.: University Press of Colorado. quist. 2005. Volume 2, Part B Subclass Dille- 488 pp. niidae. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, C. Higgins. 2003. A Utah fl ora. Third edition, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 488 pp. revised. Provo, Ut.: Brigham Young Univer- Margules, C. R., and R. L. Pressey. 2000. Sys- sity. 912 pp. tematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243–253. National Park Service. 2000. Management policies. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Publication # NPS D1416. 137 pp.

16 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Holmgren et al. 2005; Weber and Wittmann 2001). No ef- Appendices fort has been made to identify additional synonyms from monographs and fl oras preceding the early 1970s. The following appendices contain annotated checklists of the vascular fl ora of Golden Spike National Historic Site. Common name (Appendices A, B, C, and D) Common names are derived primarily from Welsh et al. Appendix A lists all species that have been confi rmed for (2003) and the Intermountain Flora (Barneby 1989; Cron- the fl ora with an authenticated voucher specimen (includ- quist 1994; Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; Hol- ing extant and historical records) or which have been reli- mgren et al. 2005). ably reported for the historic site in the literature (Allen and Curto 1995; NCPN in ed.). Vouchers were examined Life form (Appendices A, B, C, and D) from Utah State University’s Intermountain Herbarium (the offi cial repository of GOSP collections) and collec- Life form is based on the stature and growth habit of typi- tions from Brigham Young University (BRY) and the digi- cal members of a species at reproductive maturity. Trees tal museum database of the Intermountain Herbarium are woody perennials with a single stem or trunk and are (UTC). Species entries in Appendix A are organized al- typically over 3.5 m tall. Shrubs are woody perennials phabetically by family and genus. with one to many trunks arising from near the base of the plant and are usually less than 3.5 m tall. Perennial Forbs Appendix B includes species that may potentially occur (PerF) are broad-leaved dicots or monocots with non- within Golden Spike NHS based on the proximity of the woody stems (at least above ground level) that live for mul- historic site to other populations or the presence of suit- tiple years. Annual Forbs (AnnF) are broad-leaved dicots able habitat. or monocots with non-woody stems that complete their life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) in one year. Perennial Appendix C lists species that have been previously report- Graminoids (PerG) are linear-leaved, grass-like monocots ed for Golden Spike NHS but are now considered errone- that live for multiple years. Annual Graminoids (AnnG) ous because they are based on misidentifi ed specimens or are linear-leaved, grass-like monocots that complete their questionable literature records. life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) in one year. Ferns and fern-allies (Fern) are non-fl owering vascular plants that Appendix D contains the same confi rmed, historical, and reproduce by spores. reported taxa as in Appendix A, but organized by life form rather than by family in order to better meet the needs of Range (Appendices A, B, and C) NPS interpretive specialists. Range represents the distribution of a species within Utah and the state’s contribution to the plants overall global The codes and references for each fi eld in the appropriate range. Disjunct (Disj) taxa have their Utah distribution appendices are summarized below. separated from the main, contiguous portion of their range Family (Appendices A, B, C, and D) by a gap of more than 800 km (ca 500 miles). Introduced (Intro) taxa are those that are not native to Utah or North Family concepts and nomenclature follow A Utah Flora, America but which have become naturalized (breeding third edition (Welsh et al. 2003). Alternative family names on their own without human assistance). Local Endemics and treatments from other regional fl oras (Dorn 2001; (LocEn) are taxa whose entire global range is restricted Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, 2002b; to an area of less than 16,500 km2 (ca 6,370 mi2, or 1° of Holmgren et al. 2005; Weber and Wittman 2001) are listed latitude × 2° of longitude). Peripheral (Periph) taxa have a in parentheses. widespread global distribution but occur at the margin of their contiguous range in Utah and occupy less than 5% Species name (Appendices A, B, C, and D) of the state’s area (usually only within a few miles of the Nomenclature for scientifi c names and taxonomic con- state border). Regional Endemics (RegEn) are taxa with cepts are derived from Welsh et al. (2003). Scientifi c names a global range of 16,500–250,000 km2 (an area about the are listed in alphabetical rather than phylogenetic order. size of the state of Wyoming). Sparse taxa occur widely across Utah or North America but their range within Utah Synonyms/Taxonomic notes (Appendices A, B, and C) is small and patchy, with populations restricted to special- Pertinent synonyms are included for species with alter- ized or uncommon habitats. Widespread (Wide) taxa have native scientifi c names in other recent state and regional global ranges exceeding 250,000 km2 and occur over at fl oras (Barkworth et al. 2003, 2007; Barneby 1989; Cron- least 10% of the state. quist 1994; Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; Dorn 2001; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, Park status (Appendices A, C, and D) 1997, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c; Park status identifi es whether a species is Present (Pres),

Chapter 6: Appendices 17 Historical (Hist), or Reported (Rep) for Golden Spike Year doc. (Appendix A) NHS. Species are considered Present if a confi rmed Year documented indicates the fi rst year in which a spe- voucher or documented observation has been made with- cies was confi rmed or reported to occur in Golden Spike in historic site boundaries since 1970. Historical species NHS. This year does not necessarily correspond with the have been confi rmed with a voucher from the historic site date of the voucher specimen cited under Source. “NA” but have not been relocated since before 1970. Reported indicates that the fi rst year is not known (used mostly for species are listed for the historic site in the literature (Al- “reported” taxa). len and Curto 1995; NCPN in ed.), but have not been corroborated with a voucher specimen. Species that may Comments (Appendices A, B, C, and D) potentially occur in Golden Spike NHS are listed in Ap- This column includes additional comments on the status pendix B. Rejected taxa (listed in Appendix C) have either of a particular species in the historic site, the place of ori- been falsely reported (FalsRep) in the literature based gin for introduced species, legal status, and other data. on misidentifi ed herbarium specimens or are considered Questionable (Ques?) because park reports are from well Nativity (Appendix D) outside their known or expected range. Nativity indicates whether a species is native to Utah or Pop. size (Appendix A) Introduced (Intro) based on Fertig (2007). Population size refers to the abundance and frequency Flower time (Appendix D) with which a species occurs within Golden Spike NHS. Flower time refers to the months in which a species is most Abundance data are derived from Allen and Curto (1995) likely to be in fl ower. NA indicates a species that is a non- and personal observations. Abundant (Abun) taxa have fl owering fern or gymnosperm. large populations, have a broad ecological amplitude (often being dominant in one to several vegetation types), or Habitat (Appendix D) occur extensively across the historic site. Common (Com) taxa have large local populations but may be restricted to The distribution of species across generalized habitats in a single vegetation type or do not occur across the entire Golden Spike NHS is indicated by an “x” in the columns historic site. Uncommon (Unc) taxa have low to medium- Sage/Grs and Dist and is derived from Allen and Curto sized populations, typically have a narrow ecological am- (1995). Sage/Grs = sagebrush steppe and grassland. Dist plitude (or at least contribute relatively little to total veg- = disturbed ground (including roadsides, railroad grade, etative cover), or have a small range across the historic site. and parking area around the visitor center). Additional Rare taxa usually have low population numbers and are comments are included for species that are found on rocky restricted to a single location within the historic site. A “?” slopes and talus or are restricted to plantings at the visitor indicates that population size is unknown. center.

Source (Appendix A) Sources are the evidence for the assigned park status. In the case of Present and Historical taxa, sources are herbarium records (with collector, collection number, and repository) that were corroborated during this study. For reported taxa, the source is a published or unpublished reference citing the species within the historic site. Speci- men repositories include the Intermountain Herbarium (UTC) of Utah State Univeristy and Brigham Young Uni- versity (BRY).

18 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site A. rmed ed c name c

America of Washington Co. may be misidentifi been confi Great Salt Lake (near mouth of River), Weber Co., UT Weber (Fremont 761 NY) tesellata Comments 1995 2006 2006 Native to Eurasia 2006 Native to tropical 1995 Reports north 2007 has not Voucher 2007 locality is Type Year Year doc. 1980 1994 1995 1995 Native to Europe & Ellis 1263 (UTC) (UTC) (UTC) (UTC) 1208 (UTC) JC07010701 (UTC) observation Source Shultz 4133 (UTC) Fitts, & 1105 Teerlink (UTC) 1995 & Hysell 1204 (UTC) size Pop. Park status Range Life form ddleneck AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen Common name spider milkweed PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, spear orachtumbling orach AnnF AnnF Sparse Intro Pres Pres Unc Fertig 23040 Unc Fertig 23042 tumble pigweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23044 tarweed fi saltbushfour-wing Shrub Wideshadscale Rep ? Shrub Coles Wide Rep ? Bruce Condie dwarf cryptanth PerFcupseed stickseed Wide AnnF Pres Wide Combrittle prickly-pear Pres Shultz & PerF Com Wide Curto, Allen, Rep Unc Allen & Curto holosteum AnnF Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen,

ssp.

var. nana, var. var. var. nana Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic intermedia occidentalis cupulata, L. marginata brachyartha Oreocarya humilis ssp. L. texana, redowskii Includes var. Includes var. H. umbellatum umbellatum A. canescens asperula cupulata canescens Asclepias asperula var. Amsinckia intermedia A. menziesii Atriplex patula Atriplex rosea Amaranthus albus Atriplex confertifolia Cryptantha humilis Lappula occidentalis var. Opuntia fragilisHolosteum O. fragilis umbellatum Atriplex canescens var. vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientiﬁ rmed, historical, and reported Asclepiadaceae Boraginaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae FamilyAmaranthaceae Species name Chenopodiaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Cactaceae Caryophyllaceae (Alsinaceae) Chenopodiaceae Appendix A. Conﬁ with taxonomic and biogeographic notes.

Chapter 6: Appendices 19 20

Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with Annotated Checklist ofVascular Flora: GoldenSpikeNationalHistoric Site taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Chenopodiaceae Bassia prostrata Kochia prostrata forage kochia PerF Intro Rep ? Shultz, 2005 Native to Eurasia. Wagner, & Shultz et al. Banner 20264 collection has not (UTC) been relocated for confi rmation. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album C. berlandieri var. pitseed goosefoot AnnF Wide Pres Com Fertig 22687 2006 var. berlandieri zschackei (UTC) Chenopodiaceae Halogeton halogeton AnnF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia glomeratus Fitts, & Teerlink 1069 (UTC) Chenopodiaceae Salsola paulsenii barbwire Russian- AnnF Intro Rep ? Allen & Curto 1995 Native to Eurasia thistle 1995 Chenopodiaceae Salsola tragus S. kali, S. iberica, S. Russian thistle AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23032 1994 Native to Asia pestifer, S. australis (UTC) Chenopodiaceae Suaeda torreyana var. S. moquinii, S. Torrey’s seepweed AnnF Wide Pres ? Coles 2005 Shultz, Banner, & torreyana nigra, S. fruticosa JC07010702 Wagner # 20264 (UTC) (UTC) has not been relocated for confi rmation. Compositae Achillea millefolium A. lanulosa, A. common yarrow PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) ssp. lanulosa millefolium var. Fitts, & occidentalis; vars. Teerlink 1104 not recognized (UTC) in Flora of North America (2006) Compositae Agoseris glauca var. A. parvifl ora cutleaf agoseris PerF Wide Pres ? Curto, Allen, 1995 (Asteraceae) laciniata & Hysell 1249 (UTC) Compositae Ambrosia Franseria bur ragweed AnnF Wide Pres Com Fertig 22686 2006 (Asteraceae) acanthicarpa acanthicarpa (UTC) Compositae Ambrosia A. coronopifolia, western ragweed PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 22700 2006 (Asteraceae) psilostachya A. psilostachya var. (UTC) coronopifolia Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Compositae Artemisia Oligosporus tarragon PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) dracunculus ssp. dracunculus. Vars. Fitts, & glauca not recognized Teerlink 1103 in Flora of North (UTC) America (2006) Compositae Artemisia ludoviciana A. ludoviciana ssp. Louisiana Shrub Sparse Rep ? Williams 2007 Voucher has not (Asteraceae) var. latiloba candicans wormwood PW002 (UTC) been confi rmed Compositae Artemisia ludoviciana Louisiana PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) var. ludoviciana wormwood Fitts, & Teerlink 1093 (UTC) Compositae Artemisia nova var. A. arbuscula var. black sagebrush Shrub Wide Rep ? Williams 2007 Voucher has not (Asteraceae) nova nova, Seriphidium PW003 (UTC) been confi rmed novum. Vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Compositae Artemisia tridentata Seriphidium basin big Shrub Wide Pres Abun Shultz & 1980 (Asteraceae) var. tridentata tridentatum ssp. sagebrush Shultz 4135 tridentatum (UTC) Compositae Artemisia tridentata Seriphidium mountain big Shrub Wide Rep ? Allen & Curto 1995 Type locality of (Asteraceae) var. vaseyana vaseyanum, sagebrush (1995) A. tridentata var. includes var. paucifl ora is Left paucifl ora Fork of Hobble Creek, Utah Co., UT (Goodrich et al. 21492 BRY) Compositae Balsamorhiza hookeri (Asteraceae) B. hispidula hairy balsamroot PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality var. hispidula Fitts, & is Lake Point, Chapter 6:Appendices Teerlink 1083 Tooele Co., UT (UTC) (Jones 1727 UC) Compositae Balsamorhiza arrowleaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 (Asteraceae) sagittata balsamroot 1211 (UTC) Compositae Brickellia microphylla Included in B. Watson’s Shrub Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality (Asteraceae) var. watsonii microphylla var. brickellbush Fitts, & is American microphylla in Teerlink 1111 Fork Canyon, Flora of North (UTC) Utah Co., Utah America (2006) (Watson 494 GH) 21 22

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Compositae Brickellia Mohave Shrub Wide Pres Com Curto & Allen 1995 Type locality of (Asteraceae) oblongifolia var. brickellbush 1491 (UTC) var. linifolia is linifolia American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah Co., UT (Watson 493 YU) Compositae Chaenactis douglasii Includes var. hoary dusty- PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) douglasii & var. maiden Fitts, & montana Teerlink 1100 (UTC) Compositae Chrysopsis villosa var. C. villosa hispid golden-aster PerF Wide Pres Com Fertig 22701 2006 (Asteraceae) minor var. hispida, (UTC) Heterotheca villosa var. hispida, H. villosa var. minor Compositae Chrysothamnus C. nauseosus graystem Shrub Wide Pres Com Fertig 23028 2006 (Asteraceae) nauseosus var. var. hololeucus, rabbitbrush (UTC) gnaphalodes Ericameria nauseosa var. hololeuca Compositae Chrysothamnus lanceleaf Shrub Wide Pres Com Curto & Allen 1995 (Asteraceae) viscidifl orus var. rabbitbrush 1489 (UTC) lanceolatus Compositae Cirsium undulatum C. undulatum wavy-leaved thistle PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) var. undulatum Fitts, & Teerlink 1086 (UTC) Compositae Crepis intermedia Psilochenia gray hawksbeard PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) intermedia Fitts, & Teerlink 1110 (UTC) Compositae Erigeron pumilus var. E. concinnus (Asteraceae) concinnus var. Navajo fl eabane PerF Wide Pres Com Curto & Allen 1995 concinnus, includes 1217 (UTC) var. subglaber Compositae Grindelia squarrosa Vars. not curly-cup gumweed PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) var. serrulata recognized in Flora Fitts, & of North America Teerlink 1092 (2006) (UTC) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Compositae Gutierrezia sarothrae broom snakeweed Shrub Wide Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 (Asteraceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1066 (UTC) Compositae Haplopappus acaulis Stenotus acaulis stemless PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Asteraceae) var. acaulis var. acaulis goldenweed & Hysell 1253 (UTC) Compositae Helianthus annuus Ssp. not recognized common sunfl ower AnnF Wide Pres Com Fertig 22683 1995 (Asteraceae) ssp. lenticularis in Flora of North (UTC) America (2006) Compositae Iva axillaris I. axillaris var. poverty-weed PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 (Asteraceae) axillaris. Vars. not 1487 (UTC) recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Compositae Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 22703 1995 Native to Europe (Asteraceae) (UTC) Compositae Lygodesmia L. dianthopsis western rush-pink PerF RegEn Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality (Asteraceae) grandifl ora var. Fitts, & is Great Salt dianthopsis Teerlink 1088 Lake islands, UT (UTC) (Watson 707 GH) Compositae Machaeranthera Aster canescens, hoary aster PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23041 2006 (Asteraceae) canescens var. Dieteria canescens (UTC) canescens var. canescens Compositae Microseris Nothocalais dandelion PerF Periph Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 (Asteraceae) troximoides troximoides microseris 1213 (UTC) Compositae Senecio multilobatus Packera basin groundsel PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality (Asteraceae) multilobata Fitts, & is Uinta River, Teerlink 1109 Uintah Co., UT Chapter 6:Appendices (UTC) (Fremont 549 GH) Compositae Taraxacum offi (Asteraceae) cinale common dandelion PerF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23043 1995 Native to Eurasia (UTC) Compositae Tetradymia canescens spineless Shrub Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Asteraceae) horsebrush & Hysell 1419 (UTC) 23 24

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Compositae Tetradymia nuttallii Nuttall’s Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Asteraceae) horsebrush & Hysell 1425 (UTC) Compositae Tragopogon dubius T. dubius var. major yellow salsify PerF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Europe (Asteraceae) & Ellis 1256 (UTC) Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis fi eld bindweed PerF Intro Pres Com Fertig 22685 1995 Utah state (UTC) noxious weed. Native to Eurasia Cruciferae Alyssum alyssoides pale madwort AnnF Intro Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1095 (UTC) Cruciferae Alyssum desertorum desert madwort AnnF Intro Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) & Hysell 1195 (UTC) Cruciferae Arabidopsis thaliana mouse-ear cress AnnF Intro Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) 1206 (UTC) Cruciferae Arabis lignifera Boechera lignifera Sweetwater PerF Sparse Pres ? Curto & Allen 1995 (Brassicaceae) rockcress 1215 (UTC) Cruciferae Descurainia pinnata D. pinnata ssp. western tansy- AnnF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1995 (Brassicaceae) var. osmiarum halictorum mustard & Hysell 1245 (UTC) Cruciferae Descurainia sophia fl ixweed AnnF Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1081 (UTC) Cruciferae Draba cuneifolia var. D. cuneifolia wedgeleaf draba AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Brassicaceae) cuneifolia & Hysell 1198 (UTC) Cruciferae Draba verna spring whitlow- AnnF Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Asia (Brassicaceae) grass & Hysell 1203 (UTC) Cruciferae Euclidium syriacum Syrian mustard AnnF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) & Hysell 1251 (UTC) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Cruciferae Isatis tinctoria Dyer’s woad PerF Intro Rep ? Allen & Curto 1995 Utah state (Brassicaceae) 1995 noxious weed. Native to Europe Cruciferae Lepidium perfoliatum clasping AnnF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) pepperwort Fitts, & Teerlink 1091 (UTC) Cruciferae Malcolmia africana African mustard AnnF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Africa (Brassicaceae) & Hysell 1244 (UTC) Cruciferae Sisymbrium tumble mustard AnnF Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe (Brassicaceae) altissimum Fitts, & Teerlink 1102 (UTC) Cupressaceae Juniperus Sabina Utah juniper Shrub Wide Pres Rare Curto, Allen, 1995 osteosperma osteosperma & Hysell 1418 (UTC) Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce Euphorbia ridge-seeded AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 glyptosperma glyptosperma spurge 1488 (UTC) Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium stork’s-bill AnnF Intro Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe Fitts, & Teerlink 1070 (UTC) Gramineae Agropyron cristatum A. cristatum var. crested wheatgrass PerG Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) cristatum, A. Fitts, & cristatum ssp. Teerlink 1074 pectinatum, A. (UTC) pectinatum, A. sibiricum, A.

Chapter 6:Appendices desertorum, A. fragile, A. mongolicum Gramineae Aristida purpurea A. glauca, A. purple three-awn PerG Wide Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) purpurea var. Fitts, & fendleriana, A. Teerlink 1065 purpurea var. (UTC) longiseta, A. fendleriana 25 26

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Gramineae Bromus briziformis B. brizaeformis rattlesnake chess AnnG Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1114 (UTC) Gramineae Bromus diandrus Anisantha diandra, ripgut brome AnnG Intro Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) B. rigidus 1205 (UTC) Gramineae Bromus japonicus B. arvensis, includes Japanese chess AnnG Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia. (Poaceae) B. commutatus Fitts, & Teerlink 1098 (UTC) Gramineae Bromus tectorum Anisantha cheatgrass AnnG Intro Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) tectorum Fitts, & Teerlink 1068 (UTC) Gramineae Elymus cinereus Leymus cinereus Great Basin wildrye PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1119 (UTC) Gramineae Elymus elongatus E. elongatus tall wheatgrass PerG Intro Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) var. ponticus, 1492 (UTC) Agropyron elongatum, Thinopyrum ponticum Gramineae Elymus elymoides E. elymoides var. squirreltail PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) elymoides, Sitanion Fitts, & hystrix Teerlink 1113 (UTC) Gramineae Elymus hispidus E. hispidus intermediate PerG Intro Rep ? Allen & Curto 1995 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) var. hispidus, wheatgrass 1995 Agropyron intermedium, Elytrigia intermedia, Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. intermedium Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Gramineae Elymus smithii Agropyron smithii, western PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Poaceae) Pascopyrum wheatgrass & Hysell 1416 smithii, includes (UTC) vars. smithii & palmeri Gramineae Elymus spicatus Agropyron bluebunch PerG Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) spicatum, wheatgrass & Hysell 1422 Pseuodroegneria (UTC) spicata, includes ssp. inermis & spicata Gramineae Elymus triticoides Elymus triticoides creeping wildrye PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) var. triticoides, Fitts, & Leymus triticoides Teerlink 1094 (UTC) Gramineae Eremopyrum Agropyron annual wheatgrass AnnG Intro Pres ? Arnow 4430 1975 Native to Asia (Poaceae) triticeum triticeum (BRY) Gramineae Hordeum murinum H. murinum rabbit barley AnnG Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe. (Poaceae) ssp. leporinum, Fitts, & H. leporinum, Teerlink 1073 Critesion glaucum (UTC) Gramineae Poa bulbosa bulbous bluegrass PerG Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) Fitts, & and Africa Teerlink 1076 (UTC) Gramineae Poa pratensis P. agassizensis Kentucky bluegrass PerG Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe (Poaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1116 (UTC)

Chapter 6:Appendices Gramineae Poa secunda Includes P. Sandberg’s PerG Wide Pres Abun Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) gracillima, P. bluegrass Fitts, & juncifolia, P. Teerlink 1096 sandbergii, P. (UTC) canbyi, P. scabrella, P. nevadensis, P. ampla and all vars. of P. secunda 27 28

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Gramineae Sporobolus sand dropseed PerG Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) cryptandrus Fitts, & Teerlink 1071 (UTC) Gramineae Stipa comata var. Hesperostipa needle-and-thread PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Poaceae) comata comata var. comata & Ellis 1259 (UTC) Gramineae Stipa hymenoides Oryzopsis Indian ricegrass PerG Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 (Poaceae) hymenoides, Fitts, & Achnatherum Teerlink 1115 hymenoides (UTC) Gramineae Triticum aestivum wheat AnnG Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Eurasia (Poaceae) & Ellis 1260 (UTC) Labiatae Marrubium vulgare common PerF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Eurasia (Lamiaceae) horehound Fitts, & Teerlink 1085 (UTC) Leguminosae Astragalus beckwithii Includes var. Beckwith’s PerF RegEn Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality is (Fabaceae) var. beckwithii weiserensis milkvetch Fitts, & Cedar Mountains Teerlink 1101 west of Lone (UTC) Rock, Tooele Co., UT (Beckwith s.n. GH) Leguminosae Astragalus cibarius browse milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Type locality is (Fabaceae) & Hysell 1252 Utah Valley, Utah (UTC) Co., UT (Jones 1679 MINN) Leguminosae Astragalus utahensis Utah milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1995 Type locality is (Fabaceae) & Hysell 1241 Stansbury Island, (UTC) Tooele Co., UT (Stansbury s.n. NY) Leguminosae Melilotus offi cinalis yellow sweet-clover PerF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Europe (Fabaceae) & Ellis 1264 (UTC) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Liliaceae Allium acuminatum taper-tip onion PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1995 (Alliaceae) & Ellis 1258 (UTC) Liliaceae Allium nevadense Welsh et al. Nevada onion PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Alliaceae) (2003) include A. & Hysell 1238 atrorubens var. (UTC) cristatum Liliaceae Allium passeyi Passey’s onion PerF LocEn Pres Com Shultz, Shultz, 1980 USFWS former (Alliaceae) & Boyce 4137 C2 candidate. (UTC) Type locality is Howell Valley, Box Elder Co., UT (Holmgren, Passey, & Hugie 13125 NY) Liliaceae Calochortus Bruneau mariposa PerF Periph Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Calochortaceae) bruneaunis Fitts, & Teerlink 1108 (UTC) Liliaceae Calochortus nuttallii sego-lily PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 (Calochortaceae) Fitts, & Teerlink 1090 (UTC) Liliaceae Fritillaria pudica yellow-bell PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 & Hysell 1193 (UTC) Liliaceae Zigadenus Toxicoscordion foothills death PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Melanthiaceae) paniculatus paniculatum camas & Hysell 1242 (UTC)

Chapter 6:Appendices Linaceae Linum perenne ssp. L. lewisii var. blue ﬂ ax PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 lewisii lewisii, Adenolinum & Hysell 1421 lewisii (UTC) Loasaceae Mentzelia dispersa Includes var. Nevada stickleaf AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 compacta, dispersa, Fitts, & & latifolia, Teerlink 1106 Acrolasia dispersa (UTC) Loasaceae Mentzelia laevicaulis Nuttallia laevicaulis giant blazingstar PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 1486 (UTC) 29 30

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Malvaceae Sphaeralcea Includes ssp. white-stem globe- PerF Wide Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1994 munroana munroana & mallow Fitts, & subrhomboidea Teerlink 1082 (UTC) Onagraceae Epilobium E. paniculatum var. autumn willow- AnnF Wide Pres Rare Fertig 22695 2006 brachycarpum paniculatum herb (UTC) Onagraceae Oenothera caespitosa Jones’ evening- PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Type locality is var. crinita primrose & Hysell 1243 Rabbit Valley, (UTC) Wayne Co., UT (Ward 526 US) Papaveraceae Argemone munita armed prickly- PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 var. rotundata poppy Fitts, & Teerlink 1079 (UTC) Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon Leptodactylon prickly-phlox Shrub Wide Pres Unc Williams 2007 Previous report pungens pungens var. PW001 (UTC) from Allen & pungens, Linanthus Curto (1995) pungens based on a misidentiﬁ ed specimen of L. watsonii.

Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon Linanthus watsonii Watson’s prickly- PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality is watsonii phlox Fitts, & Cottonwood Teerlink 1112 Canyon, Salt (UTC) Lake Co., UT (Watson s.n. GH) Polemoniaceae Microsteris gracilis Phlox gracilis ssp. slender phlox AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 var. humilior humilis & Hysell 1197 (UTC) Polemoniaceae Phlox hoodii var. Includes ssp. carpet phlox PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Type locality of canescens glabrata, hoodii, & & Hysell 1199 var. canescens is viscidula (UTC) S of Great Salt Lake, Tooele Co., UT (Beckwith 4 GH) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Polemoniaceae Phlox longifolia Includes vars. long-leaf phlox PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 longifolia & 1216 (UTC) stansburyi Polygonaceae Eriogonum cernuum Vars. not nodding wild AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 var. cernuum recognized in Flora buckwheat Fitts, & of North America Teerlink 1075 (2005) (UTC) Polygonaceae Eriogonum hookeri Hooker’s wild AnnF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23039 2006 Type locality buckwheat (UTC) is American Fork Canyon, Utah Co., Utah (Watson 1033 US) Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. ovalifolium var. cushion wild PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 ovalifolium ovalifolium buckwheat & Ellis 1261 (UTC) Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare P. arenastrum, yard knotweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 22690 2006 Native to Eurasia P. aviculare ssp. (UTC) aviculare Polygonaceae Rumex crispus curly dock PerF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Eurasia & Hysell 1426 (UTC) Ranunculaceae Delphinium D. nelsonii Nuttall’s larkspur PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 (Helleboraceae) nuttallianum 1207 (UTC) Ranunculaceae Ranunculus Ceratocephala bur buttercup AnnF Intro Pres Com Curto, Allen, 1995 Native to Eurasia testiculatus orthoceras, C. & Hysell 1194 testiculata (UTC) Rosaceae Amelanchier Utah serviceberry Shrub Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 utahensis & Hysell 1248 (UTC) Chapter 6:Appendices Rosaceae Petrophyton Spiraea caespitosa rock spiraea PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 caespitosum & Hysell 1424 (UTC) Rosaceae Prunus virginiana var. Padus virginiana western Shrub Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 melanocarpa ssp. melanocarpa chokecherry & Hysell 1250 (UTC)

Rosaceae Rosa woodsii R. woodsii var. Woods’ rose Shrub Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23037 2006 ultramontana (UTC) 31 32

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Rubiaceae Galium aparine var. G. spurium cleavers AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 echinospermum Fitts, & Teerlink 1107 (UTC) Santalaceae Comandra umbellata bastard toadfl ax PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 var. pallida & Ellis 1257 (UTC) Saxifragaceae Lithophragma L. parvifl ora smallfl ower PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 parvifl orum woodlandstar & Hysell 1201 (UTC) Saxifragaceae Ribes aureum R. aureum var. golden currant Shrub Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Grossulariaceae) aureum & Hysell 1247 (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Castilleja chromosa C. angustifolia desert paintbrush PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 var. dubia, C. & Hysell 1254 applegatei ssp. (UTC) martinii Scrophulariaceae Collinsia parvifl ora blue-eyed Mary AnnF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 & Hysell 1196 (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Linaria dalmatica L. genistifolia ssp. Dalmatian toadfl ax PerF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 22692 2006 dalmatica (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Penstemon P. holmgrenii Raft River PerF RegEn Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 cyananthus var. penstemon & Hysell 1420 subglaber (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum blattaria moth mullein PerF Intro Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Native to Europe Fitts, & Teerlink 1084 (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus woolly mullein PerF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 22702 1995 Native to Eurasia (UTC) Scrophulariaceae Veronica biloba Pocilla biloba two-lobe speedwell AnnF Intro Pres Rare Fertig s.n. 2006 Native to Asia (UTC) Solanaceae Lycium barbarum L. halmifolium matrimony-vine Shrub Intro Pres Unc Fertig 22689 1995 Native to Eurasia (UTC) Solanaceae Nicotiana attenuata coyote tobacco AnnF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 22696 2006 (UTC) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes form status size doc. Umbelliferae Cymopterus longipes C. longipes var. long-stalk spring- PerF Wide Pres Com Shultz, Shultz, 1980 Type locality (Apiaceae) longipes parsley & Boyce 4138 is Wasatch (UTC) Mountains near Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Co., UT (Watson 451 GH) Umbelliferae Cymopterus Pteryxia aromatic spring- PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1995 (Apiaceae) terebinthinus var. terebinthina parsley & Hysell 1246 albifl orus var. albifl ora, C. (UTC) terebinthinus var. calcareus Umbelliferae Lomatium grayi var. depauperate PerF RegEn Pres Unc Curto, Allen, 1994 Type locality is (Apiaceae) depauperatum lomatium Fitts, & Dugway, Tooele Teerlink 1067 Co., UT (Jones (UTC) s.n. POM) Umbelliferae Lomatium L. simplex var. fl at-seed lomatium PerF Wide Pres Unc Curto & Allen 1995 Type locality is (Apiaceae) triternatum ssp. simplex 1210 (UTC) Great Salt Lake platycarpum (Stansbury s.n. NY) Verbenaceae Verbena bracteata prostrate vervain PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 22691 2006 (UTC) Chapter 6:Appendices 33 Range Comments Life form ower AnnF Wide ddleneck AnnF Wide water-plantainnorthern arrowheadprostrate pigweedredroot pigweed PerF PerF Wide AnnF Wide Wide AnnF Intro Native to Central America Utah pricklypear PerF Wide clammy-weed AnnF Wide cushion cryptanthslender cryptanthwing-nut cryptanth AnnF cryptanthTorrey’s AnnF Wide AnnFcommon hound’s-tongue Wide PerF Wide AnnF Intro Wide Native to Eurasia squawbushshowy milkweedrough fi PerF Shrub Wide Wide spotted stickseedsalt heliotropeshowy stoneseed PerFwestern stoneseedalkali popcorn-fl Wide PerF PerF PerF Wide Wide Wide common pricklypear PerF Wide plains prickly-pear hedgehog cactusSimpson’s PerF PerFyellow beeplant Wide Wide AnnF Wide

Flora (2003) & simpsonii var. & erinacea hystricina. polyacantha. . (2003); spina var. var. trilobata ruﬁ minor in var. in var. var. O. polyacantha Flora of North America includes vars. americanum, A. triviale O. polyacantha not recognized in Vars. of North America considered a few-spined variant of trichophora Includes vars. trachysperma P.

var. var. var.

erinacea O. polyacantha patens trilobata R. trilobata exus var. var. cinale var. var. rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site. obovatum Sagittaria cuneata Amaranthus blitoidesAmaranthus retrofl Rhus aromatica A. graecizans Opuntia polyacantha polyacantha Cryptantha circumscissa Cryptantha gracilis Cryptantha pterocarya pterocarya Cryptantha torreyana Cynoglossum offi Hackelia patens Asclepias speciosa Amsinckia tessellata Heliotropium curassavicum var. Lithospermum incisum Lithospermum ruderale Plagiobothrys leptocladus Opuntia erinacea Alisma plantago-aquatica A. plantago-aquatica Opuntia erinacea utahensis Pediocactus simpsonii Cleome lutea Polanisia dodecandra trachysperma Alismataceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Anacardiaceae Cactaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Asclepiadaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Cactaceae FamilyAlismataceae Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Cactaceae Cactaceae Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi

34 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Cache Co., UT (Rydberg s.n. US). Range Comments Life form ve-horn smotherweed AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia western seepweedcommon ragweed AnnFburdock Wide AnnFbudsage Wide PerF Intro Shrub Wide Native to Eurasia red goosefootspiny hopsagegreasewoodbroom seepweed AnnF Wide Shrub AnnF Wide Shrub Wide Wide oakleaf goosefoot AnnF Wide summer-cypress AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia silver orachJones’ saltbushtwo-seed orach orachPowell’s thinleaf orach AnnFwedge orach Shrub Wide AnnFgreenmolly Wide ﬁ AnnF Intro AnnF Wide Native to Eurasia AnnF Wide Wide PerF Wide asterEaton’s PerF Wide tall baby’s-breathbouncing-betsalt sand-spurrey PerF Intro PerF AnnF Native to Eurasia Intro Intro Native to Europe Native to Europe mountain snowberry Shrub Wide locality is Logan, Type by elatior var. triangularis S. calceoliformis var. Included in some authors C. rubrum C. salinum A. argentea bracteolatus S. rotundifolius

var. var.

falcata A. falcata powellii A. powellii var. var. var. cinalis rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. utahensis Ambrosia artemisiifoliaArctium minus A. artemisiifolia Artemisia spinescens Picrothamnus desertorum Grayia spinosaSarcobatus vermiculatus Suaeda calceoliformisSuaeda occidentalis S. depressa Atriplex spinosa, A. grayi rubrum Chenopodium rubrum Bassia scopariaChenopodium glaucum salinum Kochia scoparia, B. sieversiana Atriplex gardneri Atriplex heterospermaAtriplex powellii Atriplex prostrata A. micrantha Atriplex truncata Bassia americanaBassia hyssopifolia A. patula Kochia americana Gypsophila paniculata Saponaria ofﬁ Spergularia marinaAtriplex argentea S. salina Symphoricarpos oreophilus var. argentea Aster eatonii Symphyotrichum eatonii, A. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae (Alsinaceae) Chenopodiaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyCaprifoliaceae Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name (Asteraceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 35 Island, Great Salt Lake, UT (Stansbury s.n. GH or NY) Native to Europe Island, Great Salt Lake 715 GH) (Watson Range Comments Life form thorny wire-lettuce rock-daisyStansbury’s AnnF PerF Wide RegEn locality is Stansbury’s Type rock-goldenrod PerF Wide western groundsel PerF Wide blue lettuce PerF Wide greenish rabbitbrush Shrub Wide blueleaf astercutleaf balsamrootnodding bur-marigold PerF PerF Wide three-lobed beggarticks PerF RegEn PerFyellow star-thistle Wide Sparse PerF Introgreen rabbitbrush Utah state noxious weed. Shrub Wide basin hawksbeard PerF Wide locality is Stansbury Type hairy daisy PerF Wide leafy aster AnnF Wide spiny-leaf sow-thistle AnnF Intro Native to Europe

var.

var. var. aphanactis oreophilus var. var. Pleiacanthus spinosus Ericameria nauseosa consimilis, E. nauseosa oreophila, Chrysothamnus nauseosus E. concinnus Mulgedium pulchellum glauca glauca, Herrickia glauca Brachyactis frondosa

var.

orus costata pumila Solidago petradoria var. var. pulchella L. pulchella, oblongifolia, var. var. ssp. rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. orus viscidifl Perityle stansburyana stansburii P. Petradoria pumila Senecio integerrimus exaltatus Lygodesmia spinosaLygodesmia Stephanomeria spinosa, Chrysothamnus nauseosus consimilis Chrysothamnus viscidifl var. Balsamorhiza macrophylla Bidens cernua Bidens comosaCentaurea solstitialis Bidens tripartita Leucantha solstitialis Crepis occidentalis Erigeron aphanactis aphanactis Lactuca tatarica Aster glaucodes Eucephalus glaucus, Eurybia Aster frondosus Symphyotrichum frondosum, Sonchus asper Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Compositae (Asteraceae)

36 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Great Salt Lake, Lake Co., UT (Carrington s.n.) Range Comments Life form ower PerF Wide locality is near the Type ax-leaved plainsmustard ax-leaved PerF Wide whitetophairy whitetopblue mustarddwarf draba PerF PerF Intro Intro AnnF Native to Europe Native to Asia Introovalpurse AnnF Native to Asia Wide AnnF Wide arrowhead thelypody PerF Wide Holboell’s rockcressHolboell’s black mustard PerFshepherd’s-purse Wide AnnF AnnF Intro Intro Native to Europe Native to Europe sand dune wallﬂ showy townsendia PerF Wide rough cockleburtower-mustard AnnF Wide PerF Wide prairie pepperwortﬂ AnnF Wide shortspine horsebrush Shrub Wide

var. var. secunda,

var. X. capitatum, E. retrofracta, Vars. not Vars. arkansanum, purshii Flora of North Vars. not Vars. spinosa var. var. macrocarpum var. var. var. (2006) orifera pensylvanicum, draba E. capitatum capitatum Hymenolobus procumbens Thelypodium sagittatum sagittatum X. saccharatum. recognized in America Boechera holboellii B. retrofracta recognized in Holmgren et al. (2005) Includes var.

var. purshii E. asperum var. var. secunda A. holboellii var. glabra glabra. Turritis var. orum var. oriferfl T. rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. orum Cardaria pubescens Chorispora tenella Draba reptans Erysimum asperum Lepidium densifl Brassica nigraCapsella bursa-pastoris Cardaria draba Sinapis nigra Lepidium draba, C. draba Hutchinsia procumbens Hornungia procumbens, sagittata Xanthium strumarium canadense Arabis glabra Arabis holboellii Thelypodiopsis sagittata Schoenocrambe linifolia Sisymbrium linifolium Townsendia fl Townsendia Tetradymia spinosaTetradymia spinosa T. densifl Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name

Chapter 6: Appendices 37 Range Comments Life form ower thelypody ower PerF Periph soft-stem bulrushteasel PerGGreat Basin centaury Wide jointed goatgrass AnnFspike bentgrass Wide AnnG Intro PerF PerG Native to Eurasia Intro Wide Native to Europe three-square bulrush PerG Wide American bulrushriver bulrush PerGalkali bulrush Wide PerGpanicled bulrush Sparse PerG Wide PerG Wide common spikerush PerG Wide smalltooth doddersmalltooth dodder AnnF Wide AnnF Wide folded thelypodymanyﬂ PerF Wide wild oats AnnG Intro Native to Eurasia

var. var. var. ssp. paludosus, polyphyllus, var. uviatilis var. uviatilis, sylvestris neuropetala, E. uniglumis & polyphyllus, var. var. var. E. macrostachya, tabernaemontani, Schoenoplectus lacustris validus, Scripus pungens Schoenoplectus pungens longispicatus, Schoenoplectus pungens Schoenoplectus pungens pungens Schoenoplectus maritimus, Bolboschoenus maritimus paludosus americanus Schoenoplectus ﬂ Includes erythropoda, Grammica indecora

orum var. fatua A. fatua var. rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. uviatilisfl Bolboschoenus complanatum Dipsacus sylvestrisCentaurium exaltatum Aegilops cylindricaAgrostis exarata D. fullonum fatua Avena Cylindropyrum cylindricum Scirpus validus Schoenoplectus Scirpus fl Scirpus maritimusScirpus microcarpus Scirpus maritimus Scirpus pungens longispicatus Scirpus americanus Scirpus olneyi, Schoenoplectus Cuscuta denticulataCuscuta indecoraEleocharis palustris Grammica denticulata C. indecora Thelypodium integrifolium var. Thelypodium millefl Dipsacaceae Gentianaceae Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cuscutaceae (Convolvulaceae) Cuscutaceae (Convolvulaceae) Cyperaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyCruciferae (Brassicaceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)

38 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site Native to Eurasia Africa Range Comments Life form stinkgrassteal lovegrass AnnG AnnG Intro Periph Native to Eurasia quackgrass PerGsix-weeks fescue Introfoxtail barley Utah state noxious weed. Mediterranean barley AnnG Wide scratchgrass AnnG PerG Introreed canary grass Wide Native to Eurasia timothy PerG PerGrabbitfoot-grass Wide Wide AnnG PerG Intro Intro Native to Eurasia and Native to Eurasia mountain bromesoft chess PerGred brome Wide common pricklegrassdesert saltgrass AnnG AnnG Intro Intro AnnG Native to Eurasia Intro Native to Eurasia PerG Native to Eurasia Wide barnyard-grassRussian wildrye AnnG Intro PerG Native to Eurasia Intro Native to Russia black grama PerG Wide

& ora glauca, hirtella, stricta, Distichlis microstachya var. var. E. microstachya, octofl ora, Vulpia Includes Includes vars. octofl muricata repens polyanthus, Ceratochloa carinata stricta ora rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. Eragrostis cilianensis Eragrostis hypnoides Festuca octofl Hordeum jubatumHordeum marinumMuhlenbergia asperifolia Critesion jubatum Phalaris arundinacea H. geniculatum Phleum pratense Phalaroides arundinacea Polypogon monspeliensis Bromus hordeaceusBromus rubens Crypsis schoenoides B. mollis, racemosus Distichlis spicataEchinochloa crus-galli D. spicata Elymus junceusElymus repens Psathyrostachys juncea Agropyron repens, Elytrigia Bouteloua eriopoda Chondrosum eriopodum Bromus carinatus Bromus marginatus, B. Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Gramineae (Poaceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 39 Mountains or Antelope Island, Salt Lake Co., UT s.n. GH) (Watson Canyon, Sevier Co., UT (Jones 5441l POM) Range Comments Life form salt milkvetch PerF Wide lesser rushy milkvetch PerF Wide low arrowgrassrough bugleweed milkvetchsilver-leaved PerG PerF milkvetchTorrey’s PerF Wide Wide Wide PerF Wide alkali sacatondwarf hesperochironRocky Mountain irisBaltic rush PerF PerG PerF Wide Wide rush Wide Drummond’s longstyle rush PerG PerG Wide Wide PerG Wide Utah lupine PerF Wide locality is Wasatch Type weeping alkaligrass alkaligrassNuttall’s PerGcultivated rye Intro PerG Native to Eurasia Wide AnnG Intro Native to Eurasia Utah sweetpea PerF RegEn locality is Salina Type

& by var.

campestris utahensis, L. includes var. drummondii balticus, J. caudatus var. T. maritimum T. ater, J. balticus ater, var. ssp. ssp. orus montanus, A. diversifolius subtriﬂ Includes vars. Included in many authors S. airoides mexicanus arcticus var. L. argenteus caudatus

var. var. var. debilis

var. var. var. var. var. orus rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. Lathyrus pauciﬂ salinus Astragalus lentiginosus Lycopus asper Lycopus Astragalus argophyllus argophyllus Astragalus calycosus Astragalus convallarius convallarius calysosus Hesperochiron pumilus Iris missouriensis Juncus arcticus Juncus drummondii J. arcticus Juncus longistylis cocinna Triglochin Puccinellia distans Puccinellia nuttallianaSecale cereale airoides P. Sporobolus airoides airoides utahensis Lupinus caudatus utahensis Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaginaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

40 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site

pachyphylla” Type locality of the native Type phase “var. Salt Lake is Salt Lake City, Co., UT (Jones 1030 POM) Salt Lake Co., UT (Watson Salt Lake Co., UT (Watson 414 US) Range Comments PerF Wide Life form bushy knotweed AnnF Wide common giliaball-head giliawhorled wild buckwheat AnnFwillow-weed PerFlady’s-thumb Wide PerF Wide Wide AnnF AnnF Intro Intro Native to Eurasia Native to Eurasia longleaf plantain AnnF Periph common plantain PerFwoolly plantain Intro Mostly native to Europe. AnnF Wide Walker’s camissoniaWalker’s AnnF Wide Utah camissoniaoenothera strigosa, AnnFoenothera biennis Wide locality is Black Rock, Type white checker-mallowlesser camissonia PerF Wide AnnF Wide strawberry cloverred clover PerFvariegated clover Intro Native to Europe AnnF PerF Periph Intro Native to Europe patience docknarrow-leaved dock PerF PerF Intro Intro Native to Eurasia Native to Eurasia brittle bladder fern Fern Wide cum, P. P. cum, glabrata & pachyphylla proliﬁ heracleoides ramosissimum congesta var. var. var. var. C. tenuis gnaphaloides, candida breviscapa & & C. utahensis, Gilia congesta ramosissimum Includes “native” var. Includes vars. spinulosa, Aliciella leptomeria biennis Includes vars. Includes reevesiana,

var. strigosa Oenothera strigosa, var.

var. var. var. rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. Rumex patentia Ipomopsis congesta congesta Eriogonum heracleoidesPolygonum lapathifoliumPolygonum persicaria E. heracleoides Persicaria lapathifolia Polygonum ramosissimum ramosissimum P. Persicaria maculosa Plantago elongata Plantago major Plantago patagonica Gilia leptomeria leptomeria Camissonia walkeri Oenothera villosa utahensis Camissonia minorCamissonia scapoidea Oenothera minor Trifolium fragiferum Trifolium Trifolium pratense Trifolium variegatum Trifolium variegatum Sidalcea candida Rumex stenophyllus Cystopteris fragilis Polygonaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyLeguminosae (Fabaceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Malvaceae Polygonaceae Polypodiaceae (Aspleniaceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 41 rmed for the historic site. America, may be adventive in UT. Atlas of the Vascular Flora of Utah Atlas of the Vascular Range Comments PerF Wide Life form m Young University in 2001 or from the University in 2001 or from m Young t included here. Utah, but have not previously been reported or conﬁ been reported Utah, but have not previously upland yellow violet PerFpuncture vine Wide AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia Anderson’s larkspurAnderson’s PerF Wide marsh buttercup PerFantelope bitterbrush Wide Shrub Wide narrowleaf paintbrushalkali bird’s-beak PerF RegEn American brooklimepurslane speedwell AnnF PerFblack henbane Wide cut-leaf nightshade AnnF Wide Wide AnnF AnnF Wide Intro Native to C North Native to Europe broad-leaved cattailbasin white-cup spring- parsley PerG Wide sea-milkwort PerF Wide Vars. not Vars. cymbalaria, altior, V. V. altior, major, V. V. major, lingulifolia praemorsa, Flora of North var. var. ssp. ssp. var. (1997) saximontana. V. praemorsa V. praemorsa praemorsa Halerpestes cymbalaria ssp. recognized in America D. andersonii

var. var.

var. var. major nuttallii V. var. orum rmed) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, cont. avescens Viola nuttallii terrestris Tribulus Ranunculus cymbalaria R. cymbalaria Purshia tridentata Castilleja angustifolia fl Cordylanthus maritimus canescens americana Veronica peregrina Veronica xalapensis Hyoscyamus niger Solanum trifl Typha latifolia Typha Cymopterus purpurascens Glaux maritima Delphinium andersonii andersonii Violaceae Zygophyllaceae Ranunculaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Solonaceae Solonaceae Typhaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyPrimulaceae (Myrsinaceae) Species name notes Synonyms/Taxonomic common name Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae) Species on this list are derived from a checklist of potential species for NCPN parks prepared by Dr. N. Duane Atwood of Brigha by Dr. a checklist of potential species for NCPN parks prepared derived from Species on this list are no as potentially occurring in the historic site, but are Appendix C could be considered (Albee et al. 1988). Some species from The vascular plant species listed here are known from the vicinity of Golden Spike National Historic Site in Box Elder County, the vicinity of Golden Spike National Historic Site in Box Elder County, known from are The vascular plant species listed here

42 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site

. A. utahensis. A. lignifera Agoseris glauca estionable or Ques?). . ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of laciniata a misidentifi misidentifi var. a misidentifi Comments Park status d literature (Allen and Curto 1995) or from herbarium specimens, but are now herbarium specimens, but are (Allen and Curto 1995) or from d literature Range Life form Holboell’s rockcressHolboell’s PerF Wide FalsRep Report from Allen & Curto (1995) based on nodding microseris PerF Wide FalsRep Report from Allen & Curto (1995) based on Saskatoon serviceberry Shrub Wide FalsRep Report from Allen & Curto (1995) based on Common name Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic cations (False Reports or FalsRep) because the historic site is well outside known expected range of species (Qu Arabis holboellii Boechera holboellii Microseris nutans Amelanchier alnifolia Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name Rosaceae Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site. Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported published and unpublishe for Golden Spike National Historic Site from have been reported The vascular plant species listed here because of misidentifi believed to be erroneous

Chapter 6: Appendices 43 Rocky sites Planted at visitor center Planted at visitor center Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites X X Dist Comments X X X X XX X X X X X X XX X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status Woods’ roseWoods’ golden currantmatrimony-vine Native Native Pres Pres Intro Pres May–Jul Mar–Jul Mar–Oct X four-wing saltbushfour-wing Native Rep May–Sep western chokecherry Native Pres May–Jul shadscaleLouisiana wormwood Native Rep Native Jul–Oct Rep May–Sep X Utah juniperprickly-phloxUtah serviceberry Native Native Native Pres Pres Pres NA Apr–Jun May–Jul X X X Rocky sites graystem rabbitbrushlanceleaf rabbitbrush Nativebroom snakeweed Pres Nativespineless horsebrush Pres Aug–Oct horsebrushNuttall’s Native Jul–Sep Native Pres Pres Native Jul–Oct Pres Jun–Sep May–Jun Mohave brickellbush Native Pres Jun–Aug Watson’s brickellbushWatson’s Native Pres Aug–Oct basin big sagebrushmountain big sagebrush Native Native Pres Rep Jul–Sep Jul–Sep black sagebrush Native Rep Sep–Oct

orus var.

var. var.

var. var. nova var. var. var. gnaphalodes lanceolatus Rosa woodsii Ribes aureum barbarum Lycium Atriplex canescens canescens Prunus virginiana melanocarpa Atriplex confertifolia Artemisia ludoviciana latiloba Artemisia nova Juniperus osteosperma Leptodactylon pungens Amelanchier utahensis Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. Chrysothamnus viscidiﬂ var. Gutierrezia sarothrae canescens Tetradymia nuttallii Tetradymia Brickellia oblongifolia linifolia Brickellia microphylla watsonii Artemisia tridentata tridentata Artemisia tridentata vaseyana taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes. rmed, historical, and reported Rosaceae Saxifragaceae (Grossulariaceae) Solanaceae FamilyShrubs Chenopodiaceae Species name Common name Nativity Rosaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cupressaceae Polemoniaceae Rosaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

44 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site . Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites X Dist Comments XX X X XX X X X X XX X X XX X X X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status eabane Native Pres May–Aug wavy-leaved thistlegray hawksbeard NativeNavajo ﬂ Pres Native Pres Jun–Sep May–Jul Louisiana wormwood Nativearrowleaf balsamroot Preshoary dusty-maiden Native Jul–Oct hispid golden-aster Pres Native Pres Apr–Jul Native Pres May–Sep May–Sep hairy balsamroot Native Pres Apr–Jul cutleaf agoseriswestern ragweedtarragon Native Native Pres Pres May–Sep Aug–Oct Native Pres Jul–Oct common yarrow Native Pres May–Sep spider milkweed Native Pres May–Jul dwarf cryptanthbrittle prickly-pearforage kochia Native Native Pres Rep Intro Apr–Jun Jun–Jul Rep X X Aug–Oct Rocky sites X curly-cup gumweed Native Pres Jul–Sep poverty-weed Native Pres May–Sep stemless goldenweed Native Pres May–Jul

ssp. var.

var.

minor var. ssp. var. laciniata var. var. var. var. var. Cirsium undulatum Crepis intermedia Erigeron pumilus concinnus undulatum Artemisia ludoviciana ludoviciana Balsamorhiza hookeri Balsamorhiza sagittata Chaenactis douglasii Chrysopsis villosa hispidula Agoseris glauca Ambrosia psilostachya Artemisia dracunculus glauca lanulosa Asclepias asperula asperula Cryptantha humilis Opuntia fragilis Bassia prostrata Achillea millefolium Grindelia squarrosa serrulata Iva axillaris Haplopappus acaulis acaulis rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix D. Conﬁ Family Forbs Perennial Asclepiadaceae Species name Common name Nativity Boraginaceae Cactaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 45 . Rocky sites X X X Dist Comments X X X XX XX X X X X X X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status eld bindweed eld Intro Pres Jun–Aug X X yellow-bell Native Pres Mar–Jun X western rush-pink Native Pres May–Jun Dyer’s woadDyer’s Intro Rep May–Jun hoary asterdandelion microserisbasin groundsel Nativecommon dandelion Native Presyellow salsify Pres Native Apr–Jun Introﬁ Pres May–Sep Sweetwater rockcress Pres Apr–Aug Intro Native Apr–Dec Pres Pres May–Jul May–Jul common horehound milkvetchBeckwith’s browse milkvetch Intro NativeUtah milkvetch Pres Presyellow sweet-clover Native May–Oct Apr–Jul Pres Native Intro Apr–Jul Pres Pres X Apr–Jul May–Oct taper-tip oniontaper-tip Nevada onion onionPassey’s Bruneau mariposa Nativesego-lily Pres Native Native Native Pres Pres Pres May–Jul Apr–Jul May–Jul Jun X Native X Pres X X Jun–Jul Rocky sites Rocky sites

var. var. ora cinale cinalis canescens Lygodesmia grandifl Lygodesmia dianthopsis Isatis tinctoria Machaeranthera canescens var. Microseris troximoides Senecio multilobatus offi Taraxacum dubius Tragopogon Convolvulus arvensis Arabis lignifera Marrubium vulgare Astragalus beckwithii beckwithii Astragalus cibarius Astragalus utahensis Melilotus offi Allium acuminatum Allium nevadense Allium passeyi Calochortus bruneaunis Calochortus nuttallii Fritillaria pudica rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Species name Common name Nativity Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Convolvulaceae Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Liliaceae (Alliaceae) Liliaceae (Alliaceae) Liliaceae (Alliaceae) Liliaceae (Calochortaceae) Liliaceae (Calochortaceae) Liliaceae Appendix D. Confi

46 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site . Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites X Dist Comments X X X XX X X X X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status ax Intro Pres Jul–Aug X ax Native Pres Apr–Aug ower woodlandstar ower Native Pres Apr–Aug X ax Native Pres Apr–Aug X depauperate lomatium Native Pres May–Jul aromatic spring-parsley Native Pres Apr–Jun foothills death camas Native Pres Mar–Jun blue fl giant blazingstarwhite-stem globe-mallow Nativearmed prickly-poppy Pres Native Pres May–Oct Native May–Oct Pres X X May–Sep X Jones’ evening-primrose Native Pres Apr–Jun rock spiraeabastard toadfl smallfl desert paintbrushDalmatian toadfl Native Pres Native Pres Aug–Sep Apr–Jun X X Rocky sites Watson’s prickly-phloxWatson’s carpet phloxlong-leaf phlox Nativecushion wild buckwheat Prescurly dock larkspurNuttall’s Native May–Aug Pres Native Native Pres Pres X Apr–Aug Native Intro Apr–Jun Apr–Jul Pres X Pres Rocky sites X Apr–Jul X May–Sep Rocky sites Rocky sites X Raft River penstemonmoth mulleinwoolly mullein Nativelong-stalk spring-parsley Pres Native May–Jul Intro Pres Intro Pres Pres Apr–Jun Jun–Aug Jun–Aug X X X

var.

var. var. orum

lewisii var. canescens var. ssp. var. orus albifl Lomatium grayi depauperatum Zigadenus paniculatus Linum perenne Mentzelia laevicaulis Sphaeralcea munroana Oenothera caespitosa Argemone munita rotundata crinita Petrophyton caespitosum Comandra umbellata pallida Lithophragma parvifl Castilleja chromosa Linaria dalmatica Leptodactylon watsonii Phlox hoodii Phlox longifolia Eriogonum ovalifolium Rumex crispus Delphinium nuttallianum Penstemon cyananthus blattaria Verbascum thapsus Verbascum Cymopterus longipes Cymopterus terebinthinus var. subglaber rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Liliaceae (Melanthiaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Loasaceae Linaceae Malvaceae Onagraceae Papaveraceae Scrophulariaceae Rosaceae Santalaceae Saxifragaceae Scrophulariaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae) Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 47 . X X X X X Dist Comments X X X X XX XX X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status ower Native Pres Jun–Sep ddleneck Native Pres Apr–May X at-seed lomatium at-seed Native Pres May–Jul fl pitseed goosefoot Native Pres Jul–Sep prostrate vervaintumble pigweedtarweed fi cupseed stickseed Native Presholosteum Intro May–Sep Native Pres Pres Jun–Oct Apr–Jun Intro X Pres X Feb–May western tansy-mustard Native Pres Mar–Aug spear orachtumbling orachhalogetonbarbwire Russian-thistle Intro NativeRussian thistle seepweedTorrey’s Intro Pres Presbur ragweed Rep Jun–Sep Jul–Sep Introcommon sunfl Native Intro Jun–Sep Pres Rep X Pres Native Jul–Aug X Jun–Sep Jun–Sep Pres X X Jul–Oct X X prickly lettuce Intro Pres Jul–Sep pale madwortdesert madwortmouse-ear cress Intro Intro Pres Pres Intro May–Jul Pres Apr–Jul Apr–May

ssp.

var. var. var. ssp. var. platycarpum berlandieri Verbena bracteata Verbena Amaranthus albus Amsinckia intermedia Lappula occidentalis cupulata Holosteum umbellatum Lomatium triternatum Atriplex patula Atriplex rosea Chenopodium album Halogeton glomeratus Salsola paulsenii Salsola tragus Suaeda torreyana torreyana Ambrosia acanthicarpa lenticularis Helianthus annuus Lactuca serriola Alyssum alyssoides Alyssum desertorum Arabidopsis thaliana Descurainia pinnata osmiarum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont Verbenaceae Annual Forbs Amaranthaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Caryophyllaceae (Alsinaceae) FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

48 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site . Rocky sites Rocky sites Rocky sites X X X X Dist Comments XX XX X X X X Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status ixweed Intro Pres Mar–Aug spring whitlow-grassSyrian mustard Intro Pres Intro Mar–Jun Pres May–Jun ﬂ wedgeleaf draba Native Pres Feb–Jul clasping pepperwort Intro Pres May–Jul African mustard Intro Pres Apr–Jul tumble mustard Intro Pres May–Aug blue-eyed Marytwo-lobe speedwellcoyote tobaccocrested wheatgrass Intro Nativepurple three-awn Pres Pres Native Intro Pres Apr–Jun May–Jun Native Pres Pres Jun–Sep X X Jun–Aug Mar–Sep X X X X Rocky sites X Hooker’s wild buckwheatHooker’s yard knotweed Nativebur buttercupcleavers Pres Jun–Oct Intro Intro Pres X Pres Native May–Oct Pres Mar–Jun Apr–Jun X X ridge-seeded spurgestork’s-billNevada stickleafautumn willow-herb Nativeslender phlox Pres Nativenodding wild buckwheat Pres Native Native Jun–Aug Intro Pres Native Pres Mar–Jun Pres Pres X Jul–Sep Apr–Aug Feb–Oct Apr–Oct X X X X X

var.

var. var. var. ora Draba verna Euclidium syriacum Descurainia sophia Draba cuneifolia cuneifolia Lepidium perfoliatum Malcolmia africana Sisymbrium altissimum Collinsia parviﬂ biloba Veronica Nicotiana attenuata Agropyron cristatum Aristida purpurea Eriogonum hookeri Polygonum aviculare Ranunculus testiculatus Galium aparine echinospermum Chamaesyce glyptosperma Erodium cicutarium Mentzelia dispersa Epilobium brachycarpum Microsteris gracilis Eriogonum cernuum cernuum humilior rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyAnnual Forbs, cont. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Solanaceae Graminoids Perennial Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Rubiaceae Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Loasaceae Onagraceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 49 . Dist Comments Grs Sage/ Flower time Park status Great Basin wildryetall wheatgrasssquirreltailintermediate wheatgrass Nativewestern wheatgrass Pres Introbluebunch wheatgrass Introcreeping wildrye Repbulbous bluegrass Jun–Aug Native Pres Native NativeKentucky bluegrass Pres Pres bluegrassSandberg’s Jun–Aug Pres X Jun–Augsand dropseed Native Intro Jun–Augneedle-and-thread Jun–Aug Intro Pres May–Aug NativeIndian ricegrass Pres Pres Pres X X X May–Augrattlesnake chess X Native Native X Apr–Julripgut brome May–Aug Apr–Sep PresJapanese chess X X Pres Nativecheatgrass X Presannual wheatgrass X Intro May–Jul Jun–Augrabbit barley Preswheat X Intro May–Jul X Intro X X Intro Pres May–Jul Pres X Intro Pres Intro Apr–Jun Pres X Jun–Aug May–Jul Pres X May–Jul Intro X May–Jul Pres X X X X Apr–Jul X X X X comata var. Elymus cinereus Elymus elongatus Elymus elymoides Elymus hispidus Elymus smithii Elymus spicatus Elymus triticoides Poa bulbosa Poa pratensis Poa secunda Sporobolus cryptandrus Stipa comata Stipa hymenoides Bromus briziformis Bromus diandrus Bromus japonicus Bromus tectorum Eremopyrum triticeum Hordeum murinum aestivum Triticum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Golden Spike National Historic Site, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont FamilyPerennial Graminoids, cont. Gramineae (Poaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Annual Graminoids Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

50 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Golden Spike National Historic Site The Department of the Interior protects and manages the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientiﬁ c and other information about those resources; and honors its special responsibilities to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and afﬁ liated Island Communities.

NPS D-228, May 2009 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

Natural Resource Program Center 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 150 Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 www.nature.nps.gov

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