ENGLISH BALLADS and a Ma a an Ad As Sentiment, Th T We Y Reg Rd Old Ball ‘ ’ a Folk — Song — a Work of the People

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PAGE

NT O U TION I R D C ,

1 O AS T R . TH M HE HYMER ,

R OB IN OO AN LLIN A D AL H D D A E ,

’ R OB IN OO S D AT H D E H ,

wTHE WAN ING JE W DER ,

1 9 IR GUY OF WA WI K S R C ,

5 ’ E PHTHAH S DAUGHTE 9 J R ,

4 ING A 9 K LE R ,

0 9 THE FR OLIOSOME D UK E ,

9 ING T U ’ S D AT 9 K AR H R E H ,

THE D ON OV l 9 EM L ER ,

’ HH THE PANIS A S OVE S H L DY L ,

l — ° - i 5 THE A U N VING MAN L DY T R ED SER , w l JO NNI ST ONG H E ARM R ,

! HI THE DOUGLAS AG TR EDY ,

n — " y S O R AN AL L RD D ,

5 THE 1 0 IL N IN T WOO CH DRE HE D ,

1 . A B A A LL N 7 B R R A E ,

1 8. OA I A B D CE ,

19 . U NO ALL C M R H , Vi E NGLISH BALLAD S

- 20. A T AP W LL H R LE E ,

21 . U A L CY GR Y ,

22. LI A N A CE BR D ,

23. THE PAL MER ,

24 THE K LE TON IN OUR . S E ARM ,

25 . THE U K OF E N ALL L C DE H ,

2 6 . OASAB IANCA ,

THE D F OF U K W 2 . N NO 7 E E CE L C ,

OT S N E ,

SS GLO ARY ,

INTS U STIONS AN UB J TS F OR ESSAYS H , Q E , D S EC ,

OO KS T AT MIG T BE LPF UL B H H HE , I INTRODUCT ON.

‘ ’ - h A B ALLAD a r e all a da . T e d me ns y nce song wor , 1 I a ri in was T u a t lian in o g , derived from the ro b dours

P b N - F of rovence y orman rench minstrels, and by them

was E a a introduced into ngl nd , where it seems to h ve ‘ ’ - been at ﬁrst applied to the native ring song — a song a a in short rimed st nzas ch nted by a ring of dancers ,

as an a Th e a w as or accomp niment to dancers . n me

- then extended to other folk songs — to La ys and Gestes

a R a and a . and popul r imes, legend ry , heroic, rom ntic ‘ ’ These ballads were recited b y mi n strels (like the

a H an d as in rh p sodists of omeric times), were welcome a as the cottage of the peas nt in the hall of the noble . By whom they were originally composed is unknown ;

a so nor is it of much import nce , for in course of time

ff a and so a a many di erent versions spr ng up , m ny ddi tions or alterations were made to suit public taste

1 ‘ Th e inve ntion o f t h e Troubadours w as fertile in dance

E r in er ie . h w as t h e m Ca r ol t h e s songs Suc fa ous , and p g , o r h e t h e Balla ta . t a a jumping dance From s me source c me , ’ ’ B ll B edla m b e o r o M i . h a ad (Grove s D iet . f mic ) T is must distinguish ed from t h e B allad e of French literature — a sh ort m of l h poe very conventiona type . Notice in passing t at very probably all rh yth m in music and po etry originated in t h e m m e o n o f h e t c . Se ove ents marc ing , dancing , rowing , ( remarks R h t L c s y hm in E nglish Ver se in my edition o f y ida . ) viii ENGLISH BALLADS and a ma a an ad as sentiment, th t we y reg rd old ball ‘ ’ a folk — song — a work of the people — rather th an the

Th as a an w . e composition of y single riter y were, a a rule , short, vivid n rr tives, consisting of one or more ‘ ﬁt t e s (cantos) of four- lined stanzas in rough rime and and a a a od rhythm , were ch nted to rep e ted mel y , with l a u a or without chor s or refr in .

S k - a a e uch rough , vigorous fol songs were dmir bly suit d a a a d a a to the n tion l t ste , which woul h ve been tot lly incap able of appreciating the delicately polished love e T a an d M p o try of the roub dours innesingers , or the Sa a and E as N E dda Ger long g s p ics, such the orse , the man Nibelun enlied and F Charlema m R omances g , the rench g , w a m sa a 1 200 ul a hich at th t ti e ( y , bout ) were p op ar mong h E ot er uropean n ations . Th e ballads in our collection differ very much in age n a Th e a a d in ch ar cter . e rliest written or p rinted copies d a a a a a 15 00 of our ol est b ll ds d te prob bly from bout , but some of these Old ballads evidently existed in their

a a p resent form century , or even perh ps two centuries , before that date ; and these versions seem to have been

d on O k - a a founde lder fol songs , fr gments of which h ve d d S d from time to time been iscovere . ome , in eed , of these old songs (as is the case also with many fairy - tales) ar e thought to be derived from sources more ancient a a E sa and th n our e rliest nglish civili tion , to be com arative l ada a wi a p y modern pt tions , th new loc l colouring, ar e fo of very old themes , which to be und not only

1 M o ld ll h ad h l m of h any ba ads t eir specia tunes , and ost t ese

e t o h ll - h ev Ch a se tunes s em ave been origina y dance tunes . C y w as n t o h o n e of h h w as t h e ll - Th e su g t ree tunes , w ic we known

t is II up . INTR OD UCTION ix a on E a a a m g other urope n n tions , but even mong To a s Orientals and Africans . this cl s of ballads belong mlane n Youn ei han Kem ion Ta a d B c . p , , g Besides these there ar e not a few that ar e inte restin g a i a k a on ccount of their h storic l bac ground , lthough it must be confe ssed that in most cases this histo rical back

i a S ar h hase s a a . e C ev C ground r ther f int and v gue uch y , Sir Patrick S ens The R obin Hood ballads Fair R osamund p , , ,

he ath o ar nl and T D e f D eg.

O a a a ma e a a a thers , g in , p ossess wh t one y p rh ps c ll

k S n a ac d. as Ki liter ry b groun ome of these , such g ’ Co hetua Kin Lear The Jew o Venice and Kin rt ur A h s p , g , f , g

D eath r a a as e ar e , although of no g e t v lue po try , very inte resting because of their association with wh at is a e supremely gre t in our lit rature . But the true value of our ballads does not consist in

k t and a . c their b c grounds L onsists in their poe ry , some of them stand in the very ﬁrst rank as poetry ac o and a a on c unt of their descriptive im gin tive power , i ‘ T is Old or th eir inte nse p athos . here in some of these poe ms the same vividness of natural feeling and direct ness of speech which we ﬁnd in Homer and the

N an d a ibelungenlied , which sometimes m kes one turn a a w y dissatisﬁed from the art iﬁc iality of ordinary p oe try . In c Pa the present colle tion , which consists of two rts,

a d a a T will be found bout twenty mo ern b ll ds . hese

ar e o e a and ma pieces to s me ext nt imit tive , y therefore seem to lac k that perfect sin cerity which is essential

all ar In a t . a a for true m ny c ses, in spite of extern l

a s a simil rity , they po sess little or nothing of the gr nd

an Old a a — as rugged strength of b ll d the strength , it

- a oak — m were , of some old gn rled tree and so etimes they x E NGLISH BALLADS do not p o ssess even an outward similarity with any thing a th t one regards as a typ ical English ballad. But many of these modern ballads ar e nevertheless w a b very noble p oems , entirely orthy to st nd side y w old a ad side ith the best of our b ll s, whether or not we are willing to admit them into exactly that class o to h Chev Chase Kam ion and Helen of p etry whic y , p , o Kir n l f con el belong . T OMAS R M ER 1 . H THE HY .

TRUE Th omas lay o n Hu nt lie bank ; A ferlie he sp ied with his e e And there h e saw a lady brigh t i Come riding down by the E ldon Tree .

o f s - Her skirt was the gra s green silk, Her mantle of the velvet ﬁne ; ’ At every tress of her horse s mane e Hung ﬁfty silver b lls and nine .

Tr ue Thomas he pulled off his cap And bent low down to his knee ; h of ! All hail , thou mig ty queen heaven ’ o n I For th y peer earth never did see .

‘ ’ 0 0 sh e no, no, Thomas , said, ‘ That name does not belong to me

o f - I am but the queen fair Elf land ,

That am hith er come to visit thee .

’ sh e Harp and carp, Thomas , said, ‘Harp and carp along with me ! t o s And if ye dare ki s my lips, ’ Sure of your body I will b e .

‘ e e B tide me weal , b tide me woe, That fate sh all never frighten me And so he h as kissed her rosy lips

All underneath the Eildon Tree .

B . II. A ENGLISH BALLADS

‘ ’ sh e Now ye must go with me, said ‘ r i T ue Thomas, ye must go w th me ; And ye must serve me seven years ’ or as t o Through weal woe, may chance be .

She mou nted on her milk - wh ite steed ; ’ She s taken true Thomas up behind , And aye whene’ er the bridle rang

The steed ﬂew swifter than the wind .

0 on they rode , and farther on, e The st ed went swifter than the wind , e Until they reached a d sert wide,

And living land was left behind .

‘ n o w u Light down, light down , tr e Thomas, And lean your head upon my knee ; a Abide and rest a little sp ce ,

And I will show y ou ferlies three .

‘ 0 se e r ye not yon nar ow road, So thick beset with thorn and briar ? is That the path of righteousness,

Though after it but few enquire .

‘ se e n ot d And ye that broad broad roa , That lies across that lily leven ?

That is the path of wickedness, a n Though some call it the road t o he ve .

‘ And see ye not that bonnie road, That winds about the ferny brae ?

h a - d T at is the ro d to fair Elf lan ,

Where thou and I must wend our way .

But Thomas, ye shall hold your tongue, Whatever ye may h ear or se e ;

F or E lﬁn - , speak ye a word in land , ’ ’ w ’ Ye ll ne er win back t o your o n countree . THOMAS THE R HYMER 3

0 o n r h they rode , and fa t er on, h And t ey waded through rivers above the knee,

And they saw neither sun or moon ,

of se a But they heard the roaring the .

It w as mirk mirk night ; th ere was no starlight ; And they waded th rou gh red blood to the knee ; F or all the blood that is sh ed o n earth h Runs throug the springs of that countree .

h At last t ey came to a garden green , And sh e pulled an apple from a tree ‘ h for t h ! Take t is y wages , true Thomas ’ w th e It ill give thee tongue that can never lie .

‘ ’ o wn h My tongue is my , true T omas said ‘A goodly gift ye would give to me ! ’ I d neither dare t o buy or sell ! At fair or tryst, where I might be

‘ I could not speak to prince or peer, Nor ask a grace from fair ladys ‘ ’ e ! sh e Now hold thy p ace, Thomas said, ‘ ’ F o so b e r as . I say, must it

He has gotten a coat of the even cloth, And a pair of shoes of velvet green : And till seven years were ‘ gone and past

e a on was Tru Thom s earth never seen .

E ROBIN H OOD AND A LLIN A DAL .

CO E t o so M listen me, you gallants free,

All you that love mirth for to hear, And I will tell you of a bold outlaw h T at lived in Nottinghamshire . ENGLISH BALLAD S

A S d Robin Hood in the forest stoo ,

All under the greenwood tree, There he was aware of a brave young man

As ﬁne as ﬁne might be .

’ w as cloth d The youngster in scarlet red ,

In scarlet ﬁne and gay,

And he did frisk it over the plain , A n d t chan ed a roundelay .

As Ro bin Hood next morning stood so Amongst the leaves gay, There did he espy t h e same young man

Come drooping along the way . The scarlet he wore the day before was a Cs It cle n a t away, ’ fe t ch d And at every step he a sigh , ‘ Alack and a well - a - day

’ ste d n Then pp forth brave Little Joh , ’ An d Mid e son g , the miller s , ' a e Which m de the young man b nd his bow,

When as he saw them come .

‘ off Stand , stand off the young man said , ‘ What is your will with me ?’ ‘ You must come before our master straight, ’ Under yon greenwood tree .

An d o e when he came bold R bin b fore ,

Robin asked him courteously, ‘ t o O, hast thou any money spare ’ F or my merry men and me ?

‘ ’ n o a I have money , the young man s id , ‘ But ﬁve shillings and a ring ; ar And that I have kept this seven long ye s,

To have it at my w e dding .

E NGLISH BALLAD S

With that came in a wealthy knight, w as h an d old Which bot grave ,

ﬁ n ikin And after him a lass ,

Did shine like the gliste ring gold .

‘ ‘ t ’ This is not a ﬁt ma ch, quoth bold Robin Hood , ‘ That you do seem to make here, F or , since we are come into the church , ’ The bride shall choo se her own dear .

‘ hi s h is ! Then Robin Hood put horn to mouth , And blew blasts two o r three ; When four - and - twenty bowmen bold

Came leaping over the lea .

d And when they came into the churchyar , on Marching all a row, The very ﬁrst man was Allin a Dale

To give bold Robin his bow.

‘ ’ This is thy true love, Robin he said , ‘ Young Allin as I hear say ; ou h And y s all be married at this same time, ’ Before we depart away .

‘ ’ That Shall not be , the bishop he said , ‘ F or thy word shall not stand ; b e They shall three times asked in the church , ’ A s t h e o f o law is ur land .

’ o ff Robin Hood pulled the bishop s coat, And put it upon Little John ; ‘ ’ of By the faith my body, then Robin said , ‘ h - ’ m T is cloth doth make thee a man .

t h e When Little John went into quire , The people began to laugh ; h He asked t em seven times in the church ,

Lest three times Should not be enough . R OBIN HOOD AND ALLIN A DALE 7

‘ ’ Who gives me th is maid ? said Little John ; ‘ Th at do Q uoth Robin Hood, i I, a And he th t takes her from !Allin a Dale, ’ Full dearly he shall her buy .

h h of And t us aving end this merry wedding, The bride looked like a queen ;

so t o o And they returned the merry greenw od,

Amongst the leaves so green .

’ E 3. RO IN OOD S D AT B H H .

WHEN Robin Hood and Little John ,

D own a down a a down , down , , o f Went over yon bank broom, a to S id Robin Hood Little John , ‘ We have shot for many a pound , He down a down a down y , , ,

‘ But I am not able to shoot one shot more , My arrows will not ﬂee ; w But I have a cousin lives down belo , ’ sh e Please God, will bleed me .

Now Robin is to fair Kir klea gone AS fast as he can win ; h e as But before came there, we do hear, w as He taken very ill .

to Kirklea- And when that he came fair hall , ’ k n oc k d He all at the ring, But none w as so ready as his cousin herself F o r to let bo ld Robin in .

‘ ’ sit n sh e Will you please to down , cousin Robi , said, ‘And drink some beer with me ?’ 20 ‘ O N , I will neither eat nor drink ’ a m Till I blooded by thee . E NGLISH BALLADS

‘ ’ o sh e Well, I have a r om , cousin Robin, said, ‘ se e Which you did never , o u a t o And if y ple se walk therein, ’ You blooded by me shall be .

- She took him by the lily white hand , t o m And led him a private roo , r sh e o And the e blooded bold Robin H od,

Whilst one drop o f blood would run .

of She blooded him in the vein the arm , And locked him up in the room ;

- There did he bleed all the live long day,

Until the next day at noon .

of as m He then bethought him a c e ent door, Th inking for to be gone ; was so He weak he could not leap, No r he could not get down .

o f h is - n He then bethought him bugle hor , Which hung low down t o his knee ;

He set his horn unto his mouth , o ut And blew weak blasts three .

a Then Little John, when he ring him , sat As he under the tree, ‘ I fear my master is near dead, ’ He blows so wearily .

n t o Kir klea is Then Little Joh fair gone , As fast as he can dre e ;

t o K irklea - l But when he came ha l , He broke locks two or three °

o to Until he came b ld Robin , Then he fell on his knee ‘ ’ A boon , a boon , cries Little John, ‘ ’ Master, I beg of thee . ’ R OBIN HOOD’ S DEATH

‘ ’ W is hat that boon, quoth Robin Hood, ‘ ’ ’ h of Little John , t ou lt beg me ? ‘ t o Kirkle a - It is burn fair hall , ’ And all their nunnery .

‘ ’ Now nay, now nay , quoth Robin Hood , ‘ ’ That boon I ll not gr ant thee ;

I never hurt woman in all my life, ’ Nor man in woman s company .

‘ I never hurt fair maid in all my time, Nor at my end shall it be ; b o w d But give me my bent in my han , ’ An d a broa d arrow I ll let ﬂee ;

And where this arrow is taken up, ’ di d b e There shall my grave gg .

‘ e sod a Lay me a gre n under my he d , And another at my feet An d e b o w lay my b nt by my side , Which w as mv music swe et ; a a And m ke my gr ve of gravel and green ,

Which is most right and meet .

‘ Let me have length and breadth enough , With a g reen sod under my head ; sa That they may y , when I am dead , ’ Here lies bold Robin Hood .

’ a r omis d These words they re dily p him , Which did bold Robi n please ;

And there they buried bold Robin Hood, K i kl Near to the fair r eas. l o ENGLISH BALLA D S

W W E E . 4 . THE AND RING J

WHENAS in fair Jerusalem i Our Saviour Chr st did live , And for the sins o f all the world His own dear life did give ; ' The wicked Jews with scoﬁ s and scorns i Did da ly him molest, That never till he left h is life

Our Saviour could not rest .

’ had cr own d n When they his head with thor s, ’ scour d And g him to disgrace, In scornful sort they led him forth

Unto his dying place, Where thousand thousands in the street

Beheld him pass along,

Yet not one gentle heart was there,

That pitied this his wrong .

B e oth Old and young revil d him , As in the street he went, h h e And noug t found but churlish taunts, By every one’ s consent His o w n dear cross he bore himself, t oo A burthen far great, t h e t o n Which made him in street fai t,

With blood and wate r sweat .

t Being weary hus , he sought for rest, u To ease his burthened so l , Upon a stone ; the which a wretch Did churlish ly control ; THE WAND ER ING JEW 1 1

An d of ! said, Away , thou king Jews n o t Thou shalt rest thee here . Pass o n ! Th y execution place

Thou seest now draweth near.

An d thereupon he thrust him thence ;

At which our Saviour said , u l h I s re wi l rest, but thou s alt walk,

And have no journey stayed .

With that this cursed shoemaker, F or ff O ering Christ this wrong,

Left wife and children, house and all ,

And went from thence along .

Where after he had seen the blood h i u Of Jesus C r st th s shed, ’ t o ss h is n ail d And the cro body , e Away with sp ed he ﬂed , Without returning back again h is Unto dwelling place, e And wander d up and down the world,

A runagate most base .

N ﬁn d o resting could he at all , ’ 0 c ase N nor heart s content,

No house nor home nor biding place , But wandering forth he went From town to town in foreign lan ds e c With griev d onscience still , Repenting for the heinous guilt

- Of his fore passed ill .

Thus after some few ages passed In wandering up and down ; He much again desired to see Jerusalem ’ s renown ENGLISH BALLADS

But, ﬁnding it all quite destroyed , r He wande ed thence with woe, ’ u Our Savio r s words, which he had spoke,

To verify and show .

‘ ’ ’ ‘ I ll rest, said he, but thou shalt walk SO doth this wandering Jew a From place to pl ce, but cannot rest F o r seeing countries new ; of Declaring still the power him , ’ c e o r Where er he om s goes, And of all thi ngs done in the east

Since Christ his death he shows .

a s u The world he hath still comp s ed ro nd ,

And seen those nations strange, That hearing of the name of Christ Their idol gods do change : To whom he hath told wondrous things

Of time forepast and gone, And t o the princes of the world

s of n Declare his cause moa ,

’ to dissol v d Desiring still be , And yield his mortal breath ; ! h d But, if the Lord hat thus decree ,

He shall not yet se e death . h e old For neither looks nor young, B ut as he did those times, When Christ did suffer on th e cross ’ F or mortal sinners crimes .

a He hath past through many a foreign pl ce ,

Arabia, Egypt, Africa,

a Greci , Syria, and great Thrace ,

And throughout all Hungaria,

14 E NGLISH BALLAD S

And suffer for h is sake all pain ’ Of torments, and all woes . These are his words and eke h is life h ’ W ere er he comes or goes .

5 . SIR GUY OF WARWICK .

’ WAS ever knigh t for lady s sake

as So tost in love, I Sir Guy h For Phyllis fair, that lady brig t As ever man beheld with eye ?

t o She gave me leave myself try,

The valiant knight with shield and spear, Ere that her love sh e would grant me ; e Which made me venture far and n ar .

e Then prov d I a baron bold, In deeds of arms the doughtiest knight

a w as That in those days in Engl nd ,

S S With word and pear in ﬁeld to ﬁght .

An English man I w as by birth : In faith of Ch rist a christian true : The wicked laws of in ﬁde ls

I sought by prowess t o subdue . Nine hundred twenty years and odd our h After Saviour Christ his birt , Ath élst on e t h e o When king wore cr wn ,

e h e h I liv d here upon t eart .

w as Sometime I of Warwick Earl , An d of , as I said, very truth A lady’ s love did me constrain To seek strange ventures in my youth SIR GUY OF " WAR WICK 15

To w in me fame by feat s of arms In strange and sundry heath en lands ; Where I achieved for h e r sake a Right d ngerous conquests with my hands .

t o m For ﬁrst I sailed Nor andy, And there I stoutly won in ﬁght ’ e h o f The emp ror s daug ter Almaine, h From many a valiant wort y knight .

Th en passed I t h e se as to Greece To help the emperor in his right ; Against the mighty Soldan ’ s h ost i h Of pu ssant Persians for to ﬁg t . There did I slay of Saracens An d a s heathen pag n many a man, ’ An d slew the Soldan s cousin dear, t o Coldr n Who had name doughty a .

Esk e lde r e d a famous knight To death likewise I did pursue E lmain And king of Tyre also, t o w Most terrible in ﬁght vie .

S d ’ I went into the ol an s host, on Being thither embassage sent, is a And brought h he d away with me, h I aving slain him in his tent.

There w as a dragon in th at land c Most ﬁer ely met me by the way, s As he a lion did pur ue ,

Which I myself did also slay .

ee Then soon I passed the seas from Gr ce , a to l And c me Pavia and aright, o f ia Where I the duke Pav killed , His u a t o e heino s tre son r quite . 16 E NGLISH BALLAD S

To England then I came with speed, h To wed fair Phyllis, lady brig t, For love o f wh om I travelled far

To try my manhood and my might .

w But hen I had espoused her, h I stayed wit her but forty days, Ere that I left this lady fair

And went from her beyond the seas .

All a cl d in gray, in pilgrim sort, My voyage from her I did take

t h e - Unto blessed Holy land , i ’ For Jesus Christ my Sav our s sake .

h a W ere I Earl Jon s did redeem , e And all his sons, which wer ﬁfteen , Who with the cruel Saracens

In pri son for long time had been . I slew the giant Amarant d In battle ﬁercely hand to han , Barkn ar d e And doughty kill d I , A of d treacherous knight Pavia lan .

t o a Then I England c me again ,

Co lb r on h And here with d fell I foug t,

An ugly giant, which the Danes H ad for their champion hither brought . I overcame him in the ﬁeld h And slew him soon rig t valiantly, Whereby th is land I did redeem

From Danish tribute utterly .

And afterwards I Offere d up The use of weapons solemnly A t Winchester, whereas I fought,

In sigh t of many far and nigh . SIR GUY OF WAR WICK 1 7

But ﬁrst near Windsor I did slay of s h A boar pas ing mig t and strength , Whose like in England n ever w as F or hugeness both in breadth and length .

Some o f h is bones in Warwick yet Within th e castle there do lie : One of his thigh - bones to this day of Hangs in the city Coventry . On Dunsmore heath I also slew

A monstrous wild and cruel beast, ’ Call d th e - m Dun cow Of Duns ore heath , o r e st Which many people had p p .

Some of h e r bones in Warw ick yet

fo r Still a monument do lie, ’ h to l V Which , t ere exposed ooker s iew

As r o ne wondrous st ange, may espy . A dragon in Northumberland

I also did in ﬁght destroy,

h a Which did bot man and be st oppress,

And all the country sore annoy .

to At length Warwick I did come, w as Like pilgrim poor, and not known ; And there I lived a hermit’ s life A mile and more o ut of the to wn ; Where with my hands I hewed a house o f t Out of a craggy rock s one, And lived like a palmer poor Within that cave myself alone ; And daily came to beg my bread l Of Phyl is at my castlegate, lov éd Not known unto my wife, e Who daily mourn d for her mate .

B. II. B I8 ENGLISH BALLAD S

th e Till at last I fell sore sick, Yea sick so sore that I must die ; t o h e r I sent a ring of gold, sh e By which knew me presently .

Then she, repairing to the cave h I h Before t at gave up the g ost, Herself closed up my dying eyes m M . y Phyllis fair, who I loved most

u Thus dreadf l death did me arrest, To bring my corpse unto t h e grave ; e And like a palmer di d I,

Whereby I sough t my soul t o save .

My body that endured this toil, Though now it b e consumed to mould My statue fair engraven in stone

In Warwick still yo u may behold .

JEPHTHAH’ S AU HTE R . D 6 G .

AVE ou h H y not eard, these many years Je ph th ah w as judge of Israel ? h ad on e no He only daughter and mo , The which he loved passing well :

as And, by lot, w o t God ,

It so came to pass , ’ As God s will was, h h Th at great wars t ere s ould be , And none should be chosen ch ief but JEPHTHAH’ S D AUGHTER 19

n d h h e A w en was appointed Judge ,

C n t h e And hieftai of company, A solemn vow to God h e made ' If h e h returned wit victory , At h is return To burn The ﬁrst live th ing h im That should meet with then, h h e Of his ouse, when should return

’ t o t h e w as o e r It came pass, war , And he returned with victory ; His dear and only daugh ter ﬁrst of all Came t o meet h e r fath er foremostly ; And all t h e way Sh e did play On tabret and pip e

Full many a stripe , e With not so high ,

For joy that her father is come so nigh .

But when he saw his daughter dear

on Coming most foremostly, h He wrung his ands and tore his hair, And cried out m ost pi teously Oh ’ it s thou , said he, That hast brough t me w Lo ,

And troubled me so, Th at I know n ot what t o do ;

F or a d I have m de a vow, he sai ,

The wh ich must be replenish ed .

‘ Wh at th ou h ast spoke Do not revoke ; 20 E NGLISH BALLADS

W h hat t ou hast said, Be not afraid ; ’ Altho it be I ,

Keep promises to God on high .

‘ on e But, dear father, grant me request, t o That I may go the wilderness, h to a T ree months there with my friends st y, There to bewail my virginity ; ’ And let there be, sh e Said , ‘ Some two or three ’ Young maids with me .

So he sent her away , for For to mourn, to mourn, till her dying

K 7 . ING LEAR .

K ING LEAR once ruled in this land o With princely p wer and peace, ’ And had all things with he art s content

That might his joys increase . Amongst those things th at nature gave h Three daug ters fair had he, m l So princely see ing , beautifu , A s fairer could not be .

So on a time it pleased the king t o A question thus move, Which o f his daughters to h is grace Could show the dearest love

22 E NGLISH BALLAD S

Nor an y part o f this my realm

By favour shall be thine . ‘Thy elder sisters’ loves are more

Than I can well demand, To whom I equally besto w

My kingdom and my land ,

My pompal state and all my goods, That lovingly I may ’ With those thy sisters be main tain d ’ Until my dying day . Thus ﬂattering speeches won renown By these two Sisters here ; s The third had causele s banishment, Yet w as her love more dear F or poor Cordelia patiently ’ w an d r in w Went g up and do n , ’ U nh e l d d p , unpitied, gentle mai ,

Through many an English town . Until at last in famous France She gentler fortunes found ; ’ o Sh e w as de e md Though po r and bare, yet Th e fairest on the ground

Where, when the king her virtues heard,

And this fair lady seen,

u o f h is With f ll consent all court,

He made his wife and queen .

K Her father, ing Lear, this while ’ With his two daugh te rs stay d : ’ of r omis d s Forgetful their p love , ’ Full soon the same de cay d ; ’ u And living in Q een Regan s court , o f The eldest the twain ,

She took from him his chiefest means,

And most of all his train . KING LEAR 23

Fo r whereas twenty men were wont e To wait with b nded knee, t o te n She gave allowance but , And after scarce to three ; on e t oo h Nay , she thought muc for him ; So sh e all took away,

In hope that in her court, good king, He would no longer stay .

‘ h ’ u h Am I rewarded t us, q ot he, ‘In giving all I have t b e Un o my children , and to g For what I lately gave ? ’ I ll go unto my Go no re ll M e y s cond child , I know,

Will be more kind and pitiful , ’ And will relieve my woe .

Full fas t he hies then to her court ; sh e his a Who, when heard mo n , ’ ’ ur n r ie v d R e t d him answer, that she g That all his means were gone ; But no w ay could relieve h is wants ; h h e Yet, if t at would stay W h e r ithin kitchen , he should have

Wh at scullions gave away .

h h s When he had eard wit bitter tear , He made h is answer then ; ‘ h In w at I did , let me be made t o Example all men . ’ h I will return again , quot he, ‘ ’ Unto my Regan s court ; Sh e n o t h h will use me t us, I ope, ’ But in a kinder sort . 24 ENGLISH BALLAD S 3'

Where when he came sh e gave command To drive him thence away : When he Was well within her court ot (She said) he would n stay . Then back again to Gon or e ll

The woful king did hie, That in her kitch en he might have t What scullion boys se by .

of w as But there that he denied , Which sh e had promised late

For once refusing , he should not

Come after to her gate . Thus ’ twixt his daughters for relief ’ He w an de r d up and down ; ’ o n Being glad to feed beggar s food ,

That lately wore a crown .

And calling to remembrance then ’ r His youngest daughter s wo ds, That said the duty of a child Was f all that love af ords , But dou bting to repair to her ’ b an ish d so Whom he had , Gre w frantic mad ; for in his mind He bore the wounds of woe

Which made h im rend his milkwhite locks

And tresses from his head,

An d h is all with blood bestain cheeks , a e a With g and honour spre d . To hills and woods and watery founts

He made his hourly moan , rﬁ ll hills and woods and senseless things t o Did seem sigh and groan . KING LEAR 25

osse st Even thus p with discontents , ’ o e r t o He passed France, In hopes from fair Cordelia there To ﬁnd some gentler chance ; Most virtuous dame ! wh ich wh e n sh e heard ’ h h e r Of t is father s grief, As duty bound she quickly sent Him comfort and relief

And by a train Of noble peers ,

In brave and gallant sort, She gave in charge h e Should be brought ’ To Aganipp us court ; Wh ich royal king with noble mind So freely gave consent i To muster up his kn ghts at arms , To fame and courage bent ;

so to And England came with speed , To repossess King Le ar And drive his daugh ters from their thr ones

By his Cordelia dea r.

h - e W ere she, true heart d noble queen , Was in t h e battle slain ; b e old Yet , good king, in his days, B ossest his crown again .

’ But when he heard Cordelia s death , Who died indeed for love h s Of her dear fat er, in whose cau e

She did this battle move,

He swooning fell upon her breast, c a From when e he never p rted, o n h e r o But b som left his life ,

Th at w as so truly hearted . 26 E NGLISH BALLAD S

8 F ROLICSOME D K E . THE U .

e Now, as fame does report, a young Duke ke ps a court, One that pleases his fancy with frolicsome sport ; on e o But amongst all the rest, here is , I pr test, Which will make you to Smile when you hear the true jest on A poor tinker he found, lying drunk the ground,

As secure in sleep as if laid in a swound .

‘ The Duke said to his men , William , Richard, and Ben , ’ ’ to Take him home my palace ; we ll sport with him then . ’ ’ w as co n ve d O er a horse he laid, and with care soon y ’ ’ h w as o ar ra d. 10 To the palace, alt o he po rly y Off his Then they stript his clothes, both shirt, shoes, and

hose , t o And they put him bed for to take his re pose .

’ vi ull d off w as Ha ng p his shirt, which all over dirt, They did give him clean holland ; this w as no great hurt b e d o f On a of soft down , like a lord renown , of They did lay him t o sleep the drink out his crown .

In the morning , when day , then admiring he lay,

t o se e . For the rich chamber, both gaudy and gay

Now o f he lay something late , in his rich bed state , Till at last knights and squires they o n him did wait And the Chamberlain bare th en did likewise declare ’ He desired t o know what apparel he d wear ’ ’ amaz d on az d The poor tinker, , the gentleman g ’ And admired h o w he t o this honour was rais d .

’ ’ h h u Tho he se e m d something mute , yet he c ose a ric s it, ' h e Which h e st rait w ay s put o n wit out longer disput , ’ h h th e oft With a star on his side, w ic tinker ey d , ’ And it se e m d for to swell him no little with pride ; THE F R OLICSOME D UKE 27

‘ t o m For he said hi self, Where is Joan my sweet wife ; ’ so 3 Sure sh e never did see me ﬁne in her life . 0

h is From a convenient place, the right Duke, good grace,

Did Observe his behaviour in every case . e To a garden of stat on the tinker they wait , r e s h T ump t sounding before him : t ought he , this is great ;

Where an hour or two pleasant walks he did view,

With commanders and squires in sca rlet and blue .

A ﬁne dinner w as drest both for him and h is g uests ’ was lac d He p at the table above all the rest, ’ In a rich chair or bed, lin d with ﬁne crimson red, With a rich golden canopy over his head : ’ sat th e la d As he at his meat, musick p y sweet,

With the choicest of singi n g his joys t o complete .

h o f W ile the tinker did dine, he had plenty wine,

Rich canary, with sherry and tent superﬁne,

Like a right honest soul , faith , he took off his bowl , Till at last he began for t o tumble and roll t o o From his chair the ﬂ or, where he sleeping did snore,

Being seven times drunker than ever before .

h im Then the Duke did ordain they should strip amain , And resto re h im his old lea ther garments again 50 W as h a point next the worst, yet perform it t ey must,

And they carried him straight where they found him at ﬁrst . n as Then he slept all the ight , indeed well he might ;

h is . But when he did waken , joys took their ﬂight

h is t o For glory him so pleasant did seem , That he thought it to be but a mere golden dream w as h t o Till at length he broug t the Duke, where he sought

as se t h im . For a pardon , fearing he had at nought ‘ ’ h d Th ou r t : But his hig ness he sai , a jolly bold blade ’ ’ h la d 60 Such a frolic before, I t ink , never was p y . 28 E NGLISH BALLAD S

Then his highness bespoke him a new suit and cloak ,

s o f Which he gave for the ake this frolicsome joke, of Nay, and ﬁve hundred pound, with ten acres ground ‘ ’ ‘ th e Thou shalt never, said he range countries around , ’ old Crying brass to mend , for I ll be thy good friend , ’ Nay, and Joan thy sweet wife shall my duchess attend .

‘ Th en the tinker replied What must Joan my sweet bride Be a lady in chariots o f pleasure t o ride ? Must we have gold and land ev’ ry day at command ? ’

a . Then I ll be a squire , I well underst nd a Well , I thank your good grace , and your love I embr ce ; ’ I was never before in so happy a case !

K ING H ’ DEAT 9. ART UR S H .

HE put his spear into his rest, A n d t o Sir Mordred loud gan cry se t d Now thyself upon thy guar , w n o . For, traitor, thy death is nigh

Sir Mordred lifted up his Sword , And ﬁerce to meet the king ran he : The king h is spear he through him thrust ;

A fathom thorough his body .

h W en Mordred felt the stroke of death , An d found that he w as wounded so ; h He t rust himself upon the spear,

An d struck the king a deadly blow.

Then grimly died Sir Mordred e Presently upon that tr e,

And bloody . stre ams ran from the king

Ere to t h e duke returned he .

30 E NGLISH BALLAD S

Th e t o t h e duke then river went, ’ And the king s scabbard in threw he ;

E xcalib ar But he kept back ,

And hid it underneath a tree .

h T en back he came to tell the king , ’ IVh o Luk n ? said, Sir y , saw ye ought

Nothing, my liege, save that the wind

Now with the angry waters fought .

O Luk n Luk n t h e y , y , said king,

Twice hast tho u dealt deceitfully .

Alack, whom may we ever trust, When such a knight so false can be ?

h h t h e Say, wouldst t ou ave y mast r dead , All for a sword that wins thine eye ?

Now go again , and throw it in ,

h o n o f Or here t e e us shall die .

i h The duke, all shamed w th t is rebuke,

No answer made unto the king, to But the river took the sword, as And threw it far he could ﬂing .

did r A hand and an arm meet the swo d , And ﬂourishe d three times in the air ;

Then sank beneath the running stream , o f t h e And duke was seen no mair.

All sore astonied stood t h e duke ; as l as b e * He stood stil , still might Th en hastened back to t ell t h e king : th e But he was gone from under tree .

B ut h to w at place he could not tell , F or never after he did him spy

h e t h e But saw a barge go from land,

And h e heard ladies howl and cry . KING ARTHUR’ S D EATH 31

h t h e h And whet er king were t ere, or not,

: He never knew , nor ever could F or h sad from t at and direful day , w He never more as seen on mould .

10. DE O LO THE M N VE R .

‘ 0 WH RE e E have you b en, my long , long, love, This long seven years and more ?’ ‘ ’ 0 I m come t o seek my former vows ’ e e Ye grant d me b fore .

‘ o s O hold your t ngue of your former vow , For th ey will bree d sad strife ; 0 hold your tongue of your former vows, ’ o F r I am become a wife .

’ h o He turu d him rig t and round ab ut, And the tear blinded his e e ‘ o n h I would never have trodden Iris ground , h ad e fo r If it not be n thee .

‘ ’ h ad d e I might have a king s aught r , th e se a Far, far beyond ; ’ h h ad I might ave a king s daughter, h ’ Had it not been for love of t ee .

‘ ’ h ad If ye might have a king s daughter, Yourself you h ad t o blame ; ’ d Ye might have taken the king s aughter, ’ h a w For ye knew t t I as nane .

‘ 0 t h e false are vows of womankind , But fair is th eir false body ; I ne’ er would h ave trodden on Irish ground ’ l o f Had it not been for ove thee . 32 E NGLISH BALLAD S

‘ t o h If I was leave my usband dear,

And my two babes also, 0 h o u to what ave y to take me , If with you I should go ?’

‘ I have seven ships upon the sea, The eighth brought me to land ; a With four and twenty bold m riners, ’ And music on every hand .

h as h e r She taken up two little babes , ’ K iss d th em both ch eek and chin ; ‘ ow n O fare ye well, my two babes, ’ ’ F o r I ll never se e y ou agin .

se t She her foot upon the ship , No mari ners could she behold ;

t affe t ie But the sails were of the , h e And t masts of the beaten gold .

’ sail d a She had not a le gue, a league, h A league but barely t ree , i h is When d smal grew countenance ,

And dreary grew h is c c .

The masts that were like the beaten gold Be nt not on th e heaving seas ; And the sails that were of th e taffe t ie F ill’ d not in the east land breeze .

’ n ot sa il d They had a league, a league, h A league but barely t ree , sh e Until espied his cloven foot,

And sh e wept right bitterly .

‘ ’ o 0 hold your t ngue of your weeping , says he, ‘ Of your weeping now let b e ; I will sh ow you how t h e lilies grow ’ On the banks of Italy . THE D E MON LOVER 33

‘ 0 ou ou what hills are y , y pleasant hills, That the sun shines sweetly on ?’ ‘ ’ t h e of s O yon are hills heaven , he aid , ‘ ’ W ou w here y ill never win .

‘0 ’ what a mountain is yon, she said , ‘ ’ All so dre ary with frost and snow ? ‘ ’ th e of h e O yon is mountain hell, cried, ‘ h ’ W ere you and I will go .

’ An d aye when she t ur n d her round about Aye taller h e seemed to be ; Until that th e tops o f that gallant ship h No taller were t an he .

th e The clouds grew dark and wind grew loud, And the lightning ﬁlled her c c ; ’ And woe ful wail d the snowwhite sprites se Upon the stormy a .

He struck the topma st with his h an d . The foremast with his knee : i And he brake that gallant ship in twa n , sea And sank her in the .

1 1 SPANIS ’ LOVE . THE H LADY S .

WI LL you hear a Spanish lady ’ How sh e woo d an English man ? h Garments gay and ric as may be,

sh e Decked with jewels, had on ; e was sh e Of a comely count nance and grace , of And by birth and parentage high degree .

h As his prisoner t ere he kept her, In his hands her life did lie

B . 1 1 . C 34 E NGLISH BALLAD S 7 ,

’ a Cupid s bands did tie her f ster, By t h e liking o f an eye ;

In his courteous company was all her joy , r sh e To favou him in anything was not coy.

At the last there came commandment se t d For to the la ies free, a With their jewels still dorned , None t o do them injury ‘ ’ ‘ a ! a w oe Al s then s id this lady gay , full is 0 let me still sustain this kind captivity !

‘ O gallant captain , show some pity To a lady in distre ss ;

Leave me not within the city, F or to die in heaviness ; se t s o Thou hast thi present day my b dy free, ’ But my heart in prison strong remains with thee .

‘ How a . Shouldst thou , fair l dy, love me ’ ’ Whom thou k n ow st thy country s foe ? Th y fair words make me suspect thee ; ’ Serpents are where ﬂowers grow . ‘ t o All the evil I think thee, most gracious knight , God grant unto myself the same may fully light

‘ Blessed be t h e time and season Th at you came on Spanish ground ; o ur b e If you may foes termed , o u Gentle foes we have y found . With our city you have w on our hearts each one ; ’ ow n Then to your country bear away th at is your .

‘ Rest you still, most gallant lady , e R st you still , and weep no more ; Of fair lovers there are plenty ’ Spain doth yield a wondrous store . THE SPANISH LADY’ S LOVE 35

‘ n h Spa iards fraug t with jealousy we often ﬁnd ,

B ut English men th roughout t h e world are counted kind .

‘ Leave me not unto a Spaniard ; Y o u alone enjoy my heart ;

I am lovely, young, and tender,

And so love is my desert . ’ Still to ser ve thee day and night my mind is p r e ss d ; ’ Th e wife of every Englishman is counted blest .

‘ b e h It would a s ame, fair lady, For t o bear a woman hence E nglish soldiers never carry ‘ ’ Any such with out Oﬂ e n c e . ‘ h I will quickly c ange myself, if it be so, And like a page I’ ll follow th ee where’ er th ou’ lt

‘ I h ave neither gold nor silver a h h a To maint in t ee in t is c se, ’ An d to r h travel , tis g eat c arges, A ’ s . you know, in every place ‘ l h l h 5 9 My chains and jewe s everyone s a l be t ine own , ’ And eke ﬁve hundred pounds in gold that lies unknown .

‘ On the seas are many dangers ;

Many storms do there arise, a Which will be to l dies dreadful , ’ And force tears to wate ry eyes . ‘ h Well in truth I s all endure extremity, For I could ﬁnd in heart to lose my life

‘ u t e Co r eous lady, be cont nted Here comes all that breeds the strife I in England h ave already A sweet woman t o my wife I will not falsify my vow for gold or gain o r for th e N yet all fairest dames in Spain . 36 ENGLISH BALLAD S

‘ 0 h ow a h h ppy is t at woman , That enjoys so true a friend ! Many days of joy God send you ! ’ e n d Of my suit I ll make an . fo r ff On my knees I pardon crave this o ence , ff Which did from love and true a ection ﬁrst commence .

‘ Commend me to thy loving lady : of Bear to her this chain gold, And these bracelets for a token ; h w Grieving t at I as so bold . All my jewels in like sort bear thou with for For they are ﬁtting thy wife, but not

‘ I will spend my days in prayer,

Love and all her laws defy,

In a nunnery will I Shroud me, Far from any company :

But ere my prayers have an end , be To pray for thee and for th y love I

‘ Thus farewell, most gentle captain , And farewell my heart’ s content !

Count not Spanish ladies wayward ,

Though to th ee my love was be nt . Joy and true prosperity go still with ‘ The like fall ever to thy share, most

- 12 L ADY TU RNE D SERVING MAN. . THE

Y OU bea uteous ladies great and small , o ne I write unto you , and all , Wh ereby th at you may understand ’ What I have suffe r d in th is land .

38 E NGLISH BALLAD S

’ b ow d fiIll Then to the king I low, My love and duty for to Sh ow ; so And much favour I did crave, ’ - That I a serving man s place might have .

‘ ’ Stand up, brave youth, the king replied . ‘ Th y se rv ice Shall not be denied ; But tell me ﬁrst what thou canst do ;

Thou shalt be ﬁtted thereunto .

‘ of Wilt thou be usher my hall , To wait upon my nobles all ? b e of Or wilt thou taster my wine , To wait o n me when I do dine ?

‘ C Or wilt thou be my hamberlain , To make my bed both soft and ﬁne ? Or wilt thou be o n e o f my guard ? ’ And I will give thee thy reward .

c Sweet William , with a smiling fa e, ‘ ’ If t r Said to the king , please you Grace w To sho such favour unto me, ’ Your chamberlain I fain would be .

The king then did the nobles call , of m To ask the counsel the all , Who gave consent Sweet William h e h ’ w h T e king s o n c amberlain should be .

Now mark what strange thing came t o

o n e a - was As the king day hunting , h is n With all lords and oble train ,

Sweet William did at home remain .

S weet William had no company then old With him at home , but an man

And when he saw the house was clear,

He took a lute wh ich he had there . THE LAD Y TUR NED SER VING- MAN 39

’ th e t la d Upon lu e Sweet William p y , h e And to the same sang and said,

With a sweet and noble voice, Which made the old man to rejoice

‘ My father was as brave a lord As did f ever Europe af ord , a My mother was a l dy bright, My husband was a valiant knight

‘ And I myself a lady gay, ’ Be de c k d with gorgeous rich array ; The bravest lady in the land

Had not more pleasure at command .

‘ h ad I my music every day , Harmonious lessons for to play ; I had my virgins fair and free t o n Continually wait o me .

‘ ’ ! a But now, alas my husband s de d , And all my friends are from me ﬂed ’ ass d My former joys are p and gone,

- ’ F o r I am now a serving man .

At last the king from hunting came,

And presently , upon the same, He e o old call d for this g od man , And th us to speak the king began

‘ ! h old ? What news, w at news, man quoth he ; ‘ ‘ ’ What news hast th ou t o te ll me ? ‘ B ’ did rave news , the Old man he say ‘ ’ Sweet William is a lady gay .

‘ ’ t e ll st t o If this be true thou me , ’ I ll make thee lord of high degree ; B ut t h if y words do prove a lie , ’ ’ Thou sh alt be h an g d up presently . 40 E NGLISH BALLAD S

h ad But when the king the truth found, His joys did more and more abound as old sa According the man did y , w Sweet William as a lady gay .

Therefore the king without delay Pu t o n her glorious rich array, And upon her head a crown o f gold h t o W ich w as most famous behold .

And then , for fear of further strife , He took Sweet William for his wife

The like before was never seen ,

- A serving man to be a queen .

3 JO NNIE AR MSTRONG . 1 . H

THERE dwelt a man in fair Westmorland , Johnnie Armstrong they did him call ;

He had neither lands nor rents coming in ,

Yet eightscore men he kept in his hall .

h ad and He horses - harness for them all ,

Goodly steeds that were all milkwhite,

Goodly bands about their necks, h With hats and feat ers all alike .

But news w as brought unto the King h w as on e as T at there such a he, e That liv d like a bold outlaw, e all And robb d the north countrie.

The King he sent a broad letter ’ Si n d w h is o w n so v g ith hand lo ingly , And hath bidden Johnnie Armstrong therein

To come and speak with him speedily . JOHNNIE AR MSTR ONG 41

h When Johnnie looked t is letter upon , His heart w as blith e as bird on tree ‘ w as I never before a King in my life, M y father, my grandfather, none of us three . 20

‘ ’ And now, since we re going before the King, ' Lord , we will go most gallantly on e Ye shall every have a velvet coat,

Laid down with golden laces three .

‘ h Ye shall every one ave a scarlet cloak , Laid down with silver laces white ; h Wit your golden bands about your necks, ’ s h Black hat , white feat ers, all alike .

Gilt n ock But when Johnnie went from Hall , w The wind ble hard , and fast did it rain ‘ Now fare thee well thou Gilt n oc k Hall ! ’ I fear I shall never see thee again .

' N h t o E dinb or o u h ow Jo nnie he is g gone, With his eightscore men so gallantly ;

o n Every one a milkwhite steed ,

With sword and buckler at his knee .

h W en Johnnie came before the King, He fell down low upon his knee ‘ ’ r ! O pa don my sovereign liege he said , ‘ O pardon my eightscore men and me ! ’

‘ o Thou shalt have no pardon , thou trait r strong, For th ose thy eigh tscore me n nor thee ;

TO - morrow morning, by ten of the clock, ’ - Ye all shall hang on the gallows tree .

’ h lo ok d e T en Johnnie over his left should r, And to his merry men thus said he ‘ I have asked grace o f a graceless face ; ’ NO pardon there is for yo u and me . 42 ENGLISH BALLAD S

’ oh n n ie s w as At J belt a bright broadsword, ’ That swiftly ou t o f h is sheath p ull d b e ; h ad K e h is o And not the ing mov d f ot aside , He had smitten the head from his fair body ;

‘ F o n Saying, ight , my merry men all , ’ And see that none of y o u be ta en ; ’ a h an d R ther than men shall say we were g , ’ Let them report how we were slain .

w ot E dinb or o u h s Then I , fair g ro e , so h And beset poor Jo nnie around , ’ That fourscore and ten of John s best men

Lay gasping there on bloody ground .

o Like a b ld fellow John laid about, And like a madman there fought he ;

Till a false Scot drew in behind ,

And ran him through the fair body .

‘ Sa o n a ll ys Johnnie, Fight , my merry men ’ ’ I m a little wounded , but I m not Slain ; I will lay me down to bleed awhile

And then rise up and ﬁght again .

u on So they fo ght courageously, Till every man Of them was slain ; ’ oh nn ie s - But little Musgrave, that was J foot page , ’ ’ On hi s master s horse r ode off unt a e n .

Gilt nock But when he came to Hall , The lady spied h im presently ‘ - ? What news, what news, thou little foot page ’ What news from thy master and h is company ?

’ ‘ s My news is bad news, lady, he aid, ‘ And very b ad as you may se e ; M y master, Johnnie Armstrong , is slain , ’ n And all his gallant compa y . THE DOUGLAS TR AGEDY 43

U 14 . THE DO GLAS TRAGEDY .

‘RISE ’ up, rise up, now , Lord Douglas, she says, ‘ An d put on your armour so bright ; Let it never be said th at a daugh ter of thine Was I married to a ord under night .

‘ i s R se up, ri e up, my seven bold sons, on so h And put your armour brig t, a c o f e And t ke better are your youngest sist r, ’ ’ For your e lde st s away the last night .

’ e h e r o n - e d He s mount d a milk whit stee , o n And himself a dapple grey , b u e le t With a g horn hung down by his side,

And lightly th ey rode away .

’ L o ord William lo ked o er his left shoulder, se e To what he could See,

And there he spied her seven brethren bold , ’ Come riding o er the lea .

‘ ’ ’ a d M Light down , light down , L y arg ret, he said, ‘ A n d e h hold my st ed in your and , h d Until that against your seven bret ren bol , ’ And your father, I make a stand .

- She held his steed in her milk white hand ,

o n e And never shed tear,

sh e sa w Until that her seven brethren fall ,

And her fath er hard ﬁgh ting who loved her so dear .

‘0 hold your hand, Lord William She said, For your strokes they are wondrous sore ; m True lovers I can get any a one, ’ But a father I can never get more . 44 ENGLISH BALLADS

’ h O, she s taken out her andkerchief, of th e so It was holland ﬁne, _ w ’ And aye she iped her father s bloody wounds,

That were redder than the wine .

‘ ’ ’ 0 0 s choose, choose, Lady Marg ret, he aid , ‘0 whether will ye go or bide ?’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ sh e I ll go, I ll go, Lord William , said, ‘ ’ For you have left me no other guide .

’ He s on - lifted her a milk white steed , An d o n himself a dapple grey,

b u e le t With a g horn hung down by his Side,

And slowly they both rode away .

0 they rode on , and on they rode, of And all by the light the moon ,

Until they came to yon wan water,

A nd there they lighted down . They lighted down to take a drink Of the spring that ran so clear ; ’ n t h e e And dow stream ran his good h art s blood , ’ And sore She gan t o fear .

‘ ’ Hold up, hold up, Lord William , she says , ’ ‘ For I fear t hat you are slain ! n h of Tis ot ing but the shadow my scarlet cloak , ’ That shines in the water so plain.

0 o n on h they rode , and t ey rode, of And all by the light the moon , ’ r Until they came to his mother s hall doo ,

And there th ey lighted down .

‘ ’ Get up, get up, lady mother, he says, ‘Get up and let me in ! ’ Ge t h e up, get up, lady mother, says, ‘ ’ o i a F r this n ght my fair l dy I ve win .

4 6 E NGLISH BALLAD S

‘ son ? What got ye to dinner, Lord Randal, my ’ t o man ? What got ye dinner, my handsome young ‘ ’ b o il d m I got eels in broth ; other, make my bed soon , ’ F or h ’ I m weary with unting, and fain would lie down .

‘ a m son And where are your bloodhounds, Lord R ndal , y ? ’ h s And where are your bloodhounds, my and ome young man ? ‘ ’ 0 h sw e ll d h n , t ey and they died mot er, make my bed soo , ’ ’ For I m weary with hunting, and fain would lie down .

‘ ’ 0 oison d R son ! , I fear ye are p , Lord andal, my ’ " 0 o iso n d , I fear ye are p , my handsome young man ‘ ’ 0 o ison d ! h b e d , yes, I am p mot er, make my soon , ’ ’ 20 F or I m sick at the heart, and I fain would lie down .

C ILDREN THE . 1 6 . THE H IN WOOD

Now ponder well , you parents dear, These words which I sh all write ;

A doleful story you shall hear ,

In time brought forth to light . A gentleman o f goo d account o f t In Norfolk dwelt la e , Who did in honour far surmount

Most men of his estate .

t o Sore sick he was and like die , No h elp hi s life could save ; as His wife by him sick did lie ,

And both p o ssest o n e grave . h s w as No love between t e e two lost, Each was t o other kind ; h In love t ey lived , in love they died , And left two babes behind THE CHILD R E N IN THE IVOOD 47

The one a ﬁne and pretty boy old Not passing three years ,

Th e h h e ot er a girl more young than , ’ And framed in beauty s mould . h h is The fat er left little son,

As plainly did appear, h t o W en he perfect age should come,

Three hundred pounds a year.

And t o his little daugh ter Jane

Five hundred pounds in gold ,

o n - To be paid down marriage day, ’ h h h c o n t ol W ic mig t not be r l d . But if the children chance to die E r e they to age should come, Their uncle should possess their wealth ;

F or so the will did run .

‘ ’ No w , brother, said the dying man, ‘ Look to my children dear ;

Be good unto my boy and girl, NO friends else have they h ere To God and you I recommend My children dear this day ;

But little while, be sure, we have

Within this world t o stay .

‘ Y o u h h must be fat er and mot er both , o ne And uncle, all in God knows what will become o f them ’ Wh en I am dead and gone . IVith that bespake their mother dear ‘ h ’ O brot er kind, quoth she, ‘ You are t h e man must br ing our babes o T weal or misery . 48 E NGLISH BALLAD S

‘ h And if you keep t em carefully , Th en God will you reward ;

But if you otherwise Should deal , ’ Go d will your deeds regard . as With lips cold as any stone, ’ They kiss d th eir children small ‘ h ’ God bless you bot , my children dear !

With that the tears did fall.

These speeches then their brother To this sick couple th ere : ‘ The keeping of your little ones,

Sweet sister, do not fear ; e God never prosp er me nor min ,

Nor aught else that I have , If I do wrong your children dear When y ou are laid in grave ! ’

Th e a parents being de d and gone, r The child en home he takes, o And brings them straight unt his house, m Where uch of them he makes . He had not kept these pretty babes

an d A twelvemonth a day,

But, for their wealth , he did devise

To make them both away.

’ b ar ain d f He g with two ruf ians strong, o f Which were furious mood, n That they should take these childre young,

And Slay them in a wood . He told his wife an artful tale He would t h e children send To be brought up in London town o n e is With that was h friend . THE CHILDR EN IN THE WOOD 49

A h h a way t en went t ose pretty b bes, h Rejoicing at t at tide, Rejoicing with a merry mind

h h on - h T ey s ould cock orse ride .

They prate and prattle pleasantly, h o n t h e As t ey ride way, To th ose that sh ould their butchers be And work their lives’ decay

So th at t h e pretty speech th ey had ’ Made Murder s h eart relent ; And they that undertook the deed n ow Full sore did repent . o f h of Yet one t em , more hard heart , h Did vow to do his c arge, Because th e wretch that h ired h im

Had paid him very large .

h ’ The ot er won t agree thereto, So here th ey fall to strife ; With one anoth er th ey did ﬁgh t ’ About the ch ildren s life : And he that w as of mildest moo d

Did slay the other there, With in an unfrequented wood

The babes did quake for fear .

h He took the c ildren by the hand , h Tears standing in t eir eye , h And bade t em straightway follow him, And look th ey did not cry ; o n And two long miles he led them , While th ey for food complain ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ou Stay here , quoth he ; I ll bring y bread ’ h n W e I come back again .

B . II. D 5 0 ENGLISH BALLAD S

These pretty babes with hand in hand

Went wandering up and down, But never more could se e the man h Approac ing from the town . Their pretty lips with blackberries ’ Were all b e sme ar d and dyed ; t h e And when they saw darksome night, h sat T ey them down and cried .

’ w an de r d Thus these poor innocents, Till death did end their grief ; ’ on e In another s arms they died , As wanting due relief. NO burial this pretty pair

From any man receives, Till Robin Redbreast piously m h Did cover the wit leaves .

And now the heavy wrath of God Upon th eir uncle fell ; h is Yea , fearful ﬁends did haunt house ; His conscience felt an hell a o His b rns were ﬁred , his g ods consumed ,

His lands were barren made,

His cattle died within the ﬁeld , w im ’ And nothing ith h st ay d .

And in a voyage t o Portugal Two Of his sons did die ; h And, to conclude , imself was brought To want and misery ; ’ He p aw n d and mortgaged all his land Ere seven yea rs came about ; And now at last this wicked ac t id out D by this means come , THE CHILDR E N IN THE WOOD 5 1

Th e fellow th at did take in hand h h T ese c ildren for to kill, Was for a robbery j udged to die Such was God’ s blessed will h Who did confess the very trut , ’ A s h dis la d here hat been p y ,

The uncle having died in jail ,

Where he for debt was laid .

Y ou h e t at ex cutors be made ,

And overseers eke, h h Of c ildren t at be fatherless ,

And infants mild and meek , for Take example by this thing,

And yield to each his right, Lest God with such like misery

Your wicked minds re quite .

17 . AR ARA ALLE N B B .

IN S carlet town , where I was born , T r was he e a fair maid dwelling , Made every youth cry Well - away ! He n r ame was Barbara Allen .

h All in the merry mont of May, u h When green b ds t ey were swelling, Young Jemmy Grove o n h is death - bed lay

For love of Barbara Allen .

h e r h He sent his man unto t en , To the town where sh e was dwelling ‘ h O aste and come to my master dear, ’ a If your name be Barb ra Allen . 5 2 ENGLISH BALLADS

sh e Slowly, slowly rose up, And sh e came wh ere he was lying ; sh e A nd when drew the curtain by, ‘ ’ ’ Says , Young man, I think you re dying .

‘ ’ 0 it s I am sick , and very , very sick, ’ ’ And it s all for Ba rbara Allen . ‘ ’ 0 e the bett r for me ye ll never be , ’ Th ough your heart s blood were a- spilling

‘ ’ n ot m sh e O do ye ind, young man , says, t h e l When red wine ye were ﬁ ling,

That ye made the healths go round and round, ’ And ye slighted Barbara Allen ?

He turned his face unto the wall, And death was with him dealing ‘ i e Ad eu, adi u, my dear friends all ; ’ Be kind to Barbara Allen .

’ As sh e was o e r walking the ﬁelds, She heard th e bell a - knelling ; t o And every stroke did seem say , ‘ Unworthy Barbara Allen "

‘0 mother, mother, make my bed ,

To lay me down in sorrow . d a My love has died for me to y, ’ ’ - I ll die for him to morrow .

EA 1 8 OADIC . . B

EN h n WH the Britis warrior quee , m Bleeding fro the Roman rods, Sought with an indignant mien ’ s Counsel of her country s god ,

5 4 ENGLISH BALLAD S

’ She, with all a monarch s pride ,

Felt them in her bosom glow, R to ushed battle , fought and died,

i e . Dy ng, hurl d them at the foe

‘ R uﬁian s , pitiless as proud , Heaven awards th e vengeance due ; is on Empire us bestowed, ’ Shame and ruin wait for you !

Cow er . W. p

U M . 19. C NOR HALL

THE dews of summer night did fall ;

R o f sk The moon , sweet egent the y ’ Silve r d the walls Of Cumnor Hall , k And many an oa that grew thereby .

Now nought w as heard beneath the skies ; of The sounds busy life were still , Save an unh appy lady’ s sighs

That issued from that lonely pile .

‘ ’ ‘ ! sh e Leicester cried, is this thy love oft t o That thou so hast sworn me, n To leave me in this lo ely grove , Immured in shameful privity ?

‘ ’ ’ N0 more thou com at with lover s Speed Thy once -beloved bride to se e sh e or sh e But, be alive, be dead , ’ e s t o e . I fear, st rn Earl , the same the

‘ Not so the usage I received ’ When happy in my father s hall ° No faithless husband then me grieved ; s No chilling fear did me appal . CUMNOR HALL 5 5

‘ th e I rose up with cheerful morn , h ' No lark more blit e, no ﬂower more gay

th e h h t h e And like bird t at aunts thorn ,

- So merrily sung the live long day .

‘ h If t at my beauty is but small , Among court-ladies all - despised Why didst th ou rend it from that b all ? Where , scornful Earl , it well was prized

‘ But, Leicester, or I much am wrong, ’ Or tis not beauty lures thy vows ; ’ a R ther, ambition s gilded crown h Makes thee forget t y humble spouse .

‘ wh — Then , Leicester, y again I plead ; The injured surely may repine w e d Why didst thou a country maid, When some fair Princess might be thine ?

‘ h Why didst t ou praise my humble charms, And 0 ! then leave th em t o decay ? m Why didst thou win me to thy ar s, Th en leave t o mourn the live - long day ? ‘The village maidens of the plain Salute me lowly as they go m Envious they mark y silken train,

Nor think a Count ess can have woe .

‘ How far less blest am I than them ! to e Daily pine and wast with care, its Like the poor plant, that , from stem

d . Divide , feels the chilling air

‘ My spirits ﬂag ; my hope s decay ; Still that dr ead death - be ll smite s my c ar : An d many a boding seems to say ! ! ’ Countess , prepare thy end is near 5 6 ENGLISH BALLADS

Thus sore and sad t h e lady grie ved In Cumnor Hall so lone and drear ; An d m sh e any a heartfelt sigh heaved,

And let fall many a bitter tear .

’ of a e ar d And ere the dawn day pp , l so In Cumnor Ha l , lone and drear, ' w as Full many a piercing scream heard,

And many a cry of mortal fear .

The death - bell thrice was heard t o ring ; An aerial voice was heard t o call ; ’ And thrice the raven ﬂ ap p d its wing of Around the towers Cumnor Hall .

’ The mastiff h ow l d at village door ; ’ Th e oaks were sh att e I d on the green ; Woe was the hour ! for never more ’ w That hapless Countess e er as see n .

And in that manor now no more Is cheerful feast and sprightly ball For ever since that dreary hour

Have spirits haunted Cumnor Hall .

Th e village maids, with fearful glance,

- Avoid the ancient moss grown wall , Nor ever lead the merry dance

Among the groves of Cumnor Hall .

’ oft si h d Full many a traveller hath g , ’ a And pensive wept the Countess f ll , ’ As wandering onwards they ve espie d

The haunted towers o f Cumnor Hall . HAR T- LEAP WELL 5 7

RT- EA 20 A P L . . H L WE L

THE knight had ridden down from Wensley Moor ’ of m With the slow motion a su mer s cloud , ’ as h And now, he approac ed a vassal s door, ‘ ’ h e Bring forth another horse, cried aloud .

‘ An other horse — That shout the vas sal heard h is And saddled best steed, a comely grey ;

' Sir Walter mounted h im ; he was the third o n h Which he had mounted t at glorious day .

’ Joy sparkled in the prancing courser s ey e s ; Th e horse and horseman are a happy pair ; h But, t ough Sir Walter like a falcon ﬂies, h th e T ere is a doleful silence in air .

’ n H A rout this morni g left Sir Walter s all , That as they galloped made the echoes roar ; B ut h on e orse and man are vanished , and all ; w c as . Such ra e, I think , never seen before

e Sir Walter, r stless as a veering wind , Calls to t h e few tired dogs th at yet remain h Blanche, Swift, and Music, noblest of t eir kind , F t h e . ollow, and up weary mountain strain

Th e o h on knight hallo ed , he cheered and c id them With suppliant gestures and upbraidings stern ; h one on e But breat and eyesight fail ; and, by ,

The dogs are stret che d among the mountain fern .

is of ? Where the throng, the tumult the race The bugles that so joyfully were blown ? - This ch ase it loo ks not like an earthly chase ; t Sir Walter and the hart are lef alone . 5 8 E NGLISH BALLADS b

Th e poor hart toils along the mountain -Side ; n ot I will stop to tell how far he ﬂed , Nor will I mention by what death he died ;

But now th e k n igh t beholds him lying dead .

h e Dismounting , t en, he l aned against a thorn ; h ad do : He no follower, g, nor man , nor boy h is h is h He neither cracked whip nor blew orn ,

But gazed upon the spoil with silent joy .

on e Close to the thorn which Sir Walter lean d , o Sto d his dumb partner in this glorious feat, as h a Weak a lamb the our th t it is yeaned ,

And white with foam as if with clea ving sleet .

Upon his side the hart w as lying stretched e His nostril touched a spring b neath a hill , An d with the last deep groan h is breath had fetched

The wate rs of the spring were trembling still .

n o w t oo for And , happy repose or rest, (Never had livin g man such joyful lot ! ) e n h Sir Walt r walked all round , ort , south, and west,

And gazed and gazed upon that darling spot .

And climbing up the hill — it w as at least

Four roods Of sheer as cent — Sir Walter found Three several hoof-marks which the hunte d beast

Had left imprinted on the grassy ground .

‘ Sir Walter wipe d his face, and cried, Till now Such sight w as never seen by human eyes h T ree leaps have born e him from this lofty brow,

Down t o the very fountain where he lies .

‘ ’ - I ll build a pleasure house upon this spot, for And a small arbour, made rural joy ; ’ ’ ’ v i Twill be the tra eller s shed, the p lgrim s cot,

A place of love for damsels that are coy . HAR T- LEAP WELL 5 9

‘ A cunning artist will I h ave t o frame A basin for th at fountain in th e dell ; wh o And they do make mention Of the same,

t h ART- L AP ELL From this day for , shall call it H E W .

‘ ! And , gallant Stag to make thy praises known, A nother monument sh all here be raised

h - Three several pillars , each a roug hewn stone, h th And planted w ere y hoofs the turf have grazed .

‘ Till th e foundations o f the mountains fail My mansion with its arbour shall endure o f h t h e The joy t em who till ﬁelds Of Swale, ’ And them who dwell among the woods o f Ure .

- a Then home he went, and left the hart, stone de d ,

With breathless nostrils stretched above the spring .

- h a d Soon did the Knig t perform what he had s i , t h e And far and wide fame thereof did ring .

th e o t e Ere thrice mo n into her por had st ered, A cup of stone received the living well

o f e Three pillars rude stone Sir Walt r reared ,

And buil t a house of pleasure in the dell .

And near the fountain ﬂowers o f stature tall

With trailing plants and trees were intertwined , h Which soon composed a little sylvan all ,

A leafy shelter from the sun and wind .

The knight, Sir Walter, died in course Of time,

And his bones lie in h is paternal vale .

fo r c But there is matter a se ond rime,

And I t o this would add another tale .

PART SEC OND . THE moving accident is not my trade ; TO fre eze the blood I have no ready arts ; " ' Ii s my delight, alone in summer shade,

To pipe a simple song for thinkin g hea rts. 60 E NGLISH BALLAD S

As I from Hawes to Richmond did repair, It chance d that I saw standing in a dell Th ree aspens at three corners of a square ; on e n ot n And , four yards dista t, near a well .

What this imported I co uld ill divine ; th e t o And, pulling now rein my horse stop, I saw three pillars standing in a line

Th e - -t o last stone pillar on a dark hill p .

r n or a The trees we e grey, with neither arms he d ; Half wasted the square mound Of tawny gre en t as So tha you just might say, then I said, ‘ ’ old Here in time the hand of man hath been .

I looked upon the hill both far and near, More doleful place did never eye survey ;

as - It seemed if the spring time came not here,

And Nature here were willing to decay .

h I stood in various t oughts and fancies lost , ’ W on e h hen , who was in s epherd s garb attired ,

— Came up the hollow z him did I accost ,

And what th is place migh t be I then inquired .

r h a t o The shephe d stopped , and t t same s ory t ld h Whic in my former rime I have rehearsed . ‘ ’ ‘ o f ! A jolly place , said he , in times old h l w But somet ing ai s it n o : the spot is curst.

‘ You se e these lifeless stumps Of aspen wood h Some say that they are beec es , others elms These were the bower ; and here a mansion stood The ﬁnest palace o f a hundred realms !

‘ The arbour does its own condition tell ; se th e t You e s ones, the fountain and the stream ;

But as to the gre at Lodge — you might as well

Hunt half a day for a forgotten dream .

62 ENGLISH BALLADS

‘ Th e t h e Being, that is in clouds and air, is That in the green leaves among the groves, Maintains a deep and reverential care

‘ F o un oﬂ e n din r the g creatures whom He loves .

‘ Th e a - z— ple sure house is dust behind , before , is o This no c mmon waste , no common gloom ; o f But Nature, in due course time , once more

Sh all here put on her beauty and her bloom .

‘ e w She leaves th se objects to a slo decay, h b e T at what we are, and have been , may known ; o f But at the coming the milder day , b e These monuments shall all overgrown .

‘ h One lesson , Shep erd, let us two divide, sh e Taught both by what shows, and what conceals ; Never to blend our pleasure or o ur pride ’ With sorr ow of the meanest thin g that fe els . W d h . W. or moor t

21 LU C Y . . GRAY

OR SOLITUD , E .

OF T h ad I heard Of Lucy Gray, An d , when I crossed the wild , I chanced t o see at break o f day a The solit ry child .

e No mat , no comrade Lucy knew ; She dwelt o n a wide m oor The sweetest thi n g that ever gre w Beside a human door !

Y ou ma s l yet y py the fawn at p ay, The hare u pon th e green ; But the sweet face o f Lucy Gray

Will never more be seen . LUCY GR AY 63

‘ To - night will be a stormy night You to the town must go ; h And take a lantern, Child, to lig t h ’ Your mother throug the snow .

‘ h T at, Father, will I gladly do ’ Tis scarcely afternoon Th e minster - clock h as j ust struck two And yonder is the moon ! ’ At th is the Father raised his hook And snapped a faggot - band ; He plied his work - and Lucy took

The lantern in h e r h and .

Not blither is t h e mountain roe ° With many a wanton stroke s th e Her feet disper e powdery snow,

That rises up like smoke . The storm came on before its time Sh e wandered up and down ; And many a hill did Lucy climb

But never reach ed the town .

The wre tched pa rents all th at night Went sh outing far and wide ; But there w as neith er sound nor sight

To serve them for a guide .

At day -break on a b ill they stood Th at overlooked th e moor ; h saw of And t ence they the bridge wood ,

A furlong from their door.

h — T ey wept and, turning homeward , cried , ‘ In heaven we all sh all meet

— When in th e snow t h e mother spied ’ The print of Lucy s feet , 64 E NGLISH BALLAD S

Then downwards from the steep hill’ s edge They tracked the footmarks small ; t h e h And through broken awthorn hedge ,

And by the long stone - wall ;

And then an open ﬁeld th ey crossed ; Th e marks were still the same ; h h o n T ey tracked t em , nor ever lost ;

And to the bridge they came . They followed from the snowy bank on e o n e Those footmarks, by , Unto t h e middle of th e plank ; And furth er there were none ! Yet some maintain that to this day She is a living child ; Th at y o u may see sweet Lucy Gray

Upon the lonesome wild .

’ sh e O er rough and smooth trips along, And never looks behind ; And sings a solitary son g That whistles in the winds W W or h . ordsw t .

2 LIC R ND A E A . 2 . B

MERRY o it is in the go d greenwood ,

When the mavis and merle are singing, t h e b ounds When the deer sweeps by, and ’ And the hunter s horn is ringing .

0 n Alice Brand , my ative land Is lost for love of you ;

And we must hold by wood and wold, As outlaws wont to do ! ALICE BR AND 65

‘ ’ 0 Al for so ice, twas all thy locks bright, ’ h so And twas all for t ine eyes blue, on h That the nig t of our luckless ﬂight, Th y brother bold I slew .

‘ Now must I teach to h e w t h e beech

Th e h h th e and that eld glaive, F or v b ed lea es to spread our lowly , t o And stakes fence our cave .

‘ th And for vest of pall, y ﬁngers small, h on T at wont harp to stray, ’ A cloak must shear from th e slaugh t e r d ’ To keep the cold away .

‘ — O ! h Richard if my brot er died, ’ Twas but a fatal chance : F or was e darkling the battle tri d, An d t for une sped the lance .

‘ a a If p ll and vair no more I we r, e Nor thou the crimson she n , ’ As sa a warm , we ll y , is the russet gr y, h As gay t e forest green .

‘ our lot And, Richard, if be hard, th And lost y native land,

h as h e r ow n h a Still Alice Ric rd , ’ And he his Alice Brand.

’ ’ Tis d merry, tis merry, in good greenwoo , SO blithe Lady Alice is singing ; ’ ’ On t h e beech s pride and oak s brown side ’ Lord Rich ard s axe is ringing .

Up spoke the moody Elﬁn King, ’ Wh o w on n d with in th e hill ’ Like wind in the po rch of a r uin d church h His voice was g ostly shrill . B II E . . 66 E NGLISH BALLAD S

‘ Wh y so unds yon stroke on beech and Our moonlight circle’ s screen ? Or who comes h ere t o chase the deer Beloved of o ur Elﬁn Q ueen ? Or who may dare on wold t o wear ’ The fairies fatal green ?

‘ ! to a h ie Up, Urgan , up yon mort l , ’ For thou wert ch r ist e n d man

For cross o r sign th ou wilt not ﬂy . ’ F or mut t e r d word or ban .

‘ ’ La on with e r d y him the curse of the heart, The curse of t h e slee pless eye ; T h is ill he wish and pray that life would part, ’ Nor yet ﬁnd le ave to die !

’ ’ in r Tis merry, tis merry, good g eenwood, ’ Though the birds h ave still d their singing ; a The evening bl ze doth Alice raise, s And Richard is faggot bringing .

i Up Urgan starts , that h deous dwarf,

s Before Lord Richard stand , ’ ’ as c r oss d b le ss d And, he and himself, ‘ ’ e lf I fear not sign , quoth the grisly , ‘ ’ is a o a d That m de with blo dy h n s .

o ut sh e Brand But then spoke , Alice , That woman void of fear ‘ ’ And if there s blood upon his hand, ’ ’ Tis but the blood of deer .

‘ h o f ! Now loud t ou liest, thou bold mood e h is h It cl aves unto and , of h o The stain t ine own kindly bl od, ’ E th e r The blood of t Brand. ALICE BR AND 67

’ st e d sh e Then forward pp , Alice Brand, And made t h e holy sign ‘ ’ h o n ’ And if t ere s blood Richard s hand,

A spotless hand is mine .

‘ h And I conjure t ee, Demon elf, h m By Him w o Demons fear, h h h To Show us w ence t ou art t yself, ’ r And what thine e rand here .

’ t is - Tis merry, merry, in Fairy land, d When fairy bir s are singing, ’ t h e h When court dot ride by their monarch s side , With bit and bridle ringing

‘ And gaily shines th e Fairy - land h But all is glistening s ow, ’ Like th e idle gleam that December s beam o Can dart n ice and snow.

‘ a And fading, like that varied gle m ,

Is our inconstant shape,

Who now like knight and lady seem ,

n ow And like dwarf and ape .

‘ w as It between the night and day, h as When the Fairy King power,

That I sunk down in a sinful fray, ’ ’ And twixt life and death w as sn atch d away

To the joyless Elﬁn bower .

‘ But wist I of a woman bold

Who thrice my brow durst Sign, h e I mig t r gain my mortal mould, ’ as As fair a form thine . 68 E NGLISH BALLAD S

’ ’ Sh e c r oss d him once — she cr oss d him twice That lady w as so brave ; r h is The fouler g ew goblin hue, w The darker gre the cave .

’ Sh e cr oss d h im h t rice, that lady bold He rose bene ath h e r hand o n The fairest knight Scottish mould, E t h e r t ! Her brother, Brand

Merry it is in good greenwood, When the mavis and merle are singing ; But merrier were they in Dunfermline gray

When all the bells were ringing .

Sir . cott . W. S

A E 23 P LM R . . THE

‘ OPEN to ! the door, some pity Show Keen blows the northern wind e The glen is white with the drift d snow,

And the path is h ard to ﬁnd.

‘ No outlaw seeks your castle gate, ’ From chasing the king s deer, Though even an outlaw’ s wretched state

Might claim compassi on here .

‘ A weary Palmer worn and weak I wander for my sin ; ’ 0 Our ! , open , for Lady s sake A pilgrim ’ s blessing win !

‘ The hare is crouch ing in h e r form The hart beside the hind ;

An aged man, amid the storm ,

No shelter can I ﬁnd.

i 70 E NGLISH BALLADS t

Th en from those cavernous eyes e Pale ﬂash s seemed to rise , As when the Nort hern skies Gleam in December ; And ’ , like the water s ﬂow ’ e Under D cember s snow, Game a dull voice o f woe ’ From the heart s chamber .

‘ w I as a Viking old . d m My dee s, though anifold, NO h as d Skald in song tol , NO Saga taught thee . Take heed that in th y verse

Thou dost the tale rehearse, Else dread a dead man’ s curse !

For this I sought thee .

‘ Far in the Northern land , ’ By the wild Baltic s strand , I with my childish hand

m - Ta ed the ger falcon , An d with my skates fast bound

- Skimmed the half frozen Sound, Th at the poor whimpering hound to o n Trembled walk .

‘ Oft t o h is frozen lair

Tracked I the grisly bear, While from my path the hare Fled like a shadow ; Oft through the forest dar k ’ th e - Followed were wolf s bark , Until th e soaring lark r th e e Sang f om m adow. THE SKELETON IN AR MOUR 71

‘ e But when I older gr w , ’ c a Joining a ors ir s crew , ’ O er the dar k se a I ﬂ e w

With the marauders . Wild w as th e life we led ; o l d Many the s u s that spe , n a d Ma y the hearts th t ble ,

By our stern orders .

‘ Many a wassail - bout Wore the long winte r out ; Often our midnight shout

Set the cocks crowing, ’ As we the Berse rk s tale

Measured in cups of ale,

Draining the oaken pail , ’ i e to o rﬂ owin F ll d e g .

‘ as Once , I told in glee of Tales the stormy sea, did Soft eyes gaze on me , Burning yet tender ; And as the wh ite stars shine

On the dark Norway pine , On th at dark heart of mine

Fell their soft sp lendour.

‘ - I wooed the blue eyed maid , h Yielding yet alf afraid, ’ And in th e forest s shade

Our vows were pligh ted . Under its loosened vest

Fluttered her little breast, h h Like birds wit in t eir nest, B y the h awk frighte d . 72 E NGLISH BALLADS

‘Bright in her father’ s hall h d S iel s gleamed upon the wall,

Loud sang the minstrels all , Ch anting h is glory ; When of old Hildebrand I ’ asked his daughter s hand, Mute did the min stre ls stand

To hear my story .

‘ ' uaﬁ e d While the brown ale he q , o L ud then the champion laughed , And as the wind - gusts waft

Th e se a - foam brightly, So th e loud laugh of scorn Out of those lips unshorn Fr om the deep drinkin g - horn

Blew the foam lightly .

‘ ’ was She a Prince s child , I i but a Viking w ld ,

sh e And though blushed and smiled , I w as discarded . Should not the dove so white ’ sea - Follow the mew s ﬂight, Why did they leave that night Her nest unguarded ?

‘ I to sea Scarce had put ,

Bearing the maid with me, Fairest of all was sh e Among the Norsemen

n on - Whe the white sea strand , e h Waving his arm d and , Saw we old Hildebrand

With twenty h orsemen . THE SKELETON IN ARMOUR 73

‘ h Then launched t ey to the blast,

Bent like a reed each mast,

Yet we were gaining fast, t h e When wind failed us,

’ And with a sudden ﬂ a w S Came round the gusty kaw , So th at our foe we saw

Laugh as he hailed us .

‘ And as to catch t h e gale th e Round veered ﬂapping sail , ’ ! n Death was the helmsma s hail , Death without quarter ! Mid -ships with iron keel Struck we her ribs of steel ; Down her black hulk did reel

Through the black water.

‘ As with his wings aslant a e S ils the ﬁerc cormorant,

Seeking some rocky haunt, With h is prey laden ; r t h e So towa d Open main ,

t o sea Beating again , Thr ough the wild hurricane

Bore I the maiden .

‘ h e T ree weeks we westward bor , ’ And when th e storm w as o e r Cloud - like we sa w th e shore Stretch ing to leeward ; Th ere for my lady’ s bower I o Built the lofty t wer, h h Whic , to t is very hour,

Stands looking seaward . E NGLISH BALLADS

‘ There lived we many years ; ’ l i me dried the maiden s tears : She had forgot her fears ; She w as a mother ; Death closed her mild blue eye s ; Under that tower sh e lies ’ Ne er shall the sun rise

On such another.

‘ Still grew my bosom then ,

Still as a stagnant fen .

Hateful to me were men ,

The sunlight hateful . a In the v st forest here, a ar Clad in my w rlike ge , Fell I upon the spear was Oh , death grateful !

‘ Thus, seamed with many scars,

- Bursting the prison bars , Up t o its native stars

My soul ascended . Ther e from the ﬂowing bowl ’ e D ep drinks the warrior s soul , Slooal h Skoa l to the Nort land ,

Thus the tale ended . ll Longfe ow.

25 K . . THE LUC OF EDENHALL

h l OF Eden all , the youthfu lord ’ Bids sound the festal trumpet s call ; th e a d He rises at banquet bo r , ’ th e And cries, mid drunken revellers all , ‘ ’ Now brin g me th e Lu ck of Edenh all ! THE LUCK OF EDENHALL

The butler hears the words with pain, ’ Th e house s oldest seneschal Takes slow from its silken cloth again Th e drinking glass of cr ystal tall ; o f They call it the Luck Edenhall .

‘ : i Then said the lord This glass to pra se, Fill with red wine from Portugal ! ’ The grey - bear d with trembling hand obeys ; A purple light shines over all, e th e It b ams from Luck of Edenhall .

e Then sp aks the lord, and waves it light ; ‘ Th is glass of ﬂashing crystal tall Gave to my sires the Fountain - Sprite ; Sh e w : I this la ss cloth all rote in it f g f , F a rewell then 0 L ack o E den ha ll ! , f

" Twas right a goblet the Fate should be Of the joyous race o f E denhall ! Deep draughts drink we right willingly ;

And willingly ring, with merry call , Kling ! klan g ! to the luck of Edenh all

First rings it deep, and full, and mild, Like t o t h e sound of a nightingale ; Then like th e roar of a torrent wild ’ Then mutters at last like the thunder s fall ,

o h The glorious Luck f Eden all .

‘ its of For keeper it takes a race might, The fragile goblet of crysta l tall ; It h as lasted longer than is righ t ; K ling ! klang ! with a har der blow than all Will I try the Luck of Edenhall ! ’ E NGLISH BALLADS 7

As the goblet ringing ﬂies apart, Suddenly cracks the vaulted hall ;

' And through t h e r ift the wild ﬂames start ; Th e guests in dust are scattered all ,

With the breaking Luck o f Edenhall.

In storms the foe with ﬁre and sword ; He in the night h ad scaled the wall ;

Slain by the sword lies the youthful Lord,

But holds in his hand the crystal tall , f The shattered Luck o Edenhall .

On the morrow the butler gropes alone, The grey - beard in the desert hall ; ’ k h is He see s lord s burnt skeleton , ’ He seeks in t h e dismal ruin s fall

The shards of the Luck of Edenhall .

‘ ’ ‘ a The stone wall , saith he, doth fall side, Down must the stately columns fall ; ’ Glass isthis earth s Luck and Pride ; In atoms shall fall th is earthly ball ’ Duck o f One day like the Edenhall .

H ellow r m W. Lon o . gf (f

B ASA IAN . 26 . C CA

THE boy stood on the burning deck Whence all but h e h ad ﬂed ; ’ The ﬂame th at lit th e ba ttle s wreck ’ Shone round h im o e r the dead .

’ He The ﬂames r oll d on . would not go ’ With out h is fath er s word ; h h b That fat er, faint in deat elow,

His voice no longer heard .

78 E NGLISH BALLADS

2 7 . THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW.

ANNE R of for 0 B England , not a season, banner of Britain , hast th ou Floated in conquering battle o r ﬂap t to the battle - cry ! ’ Never with mightier glory than w hen we had r e ar d thee on high Flying at t o p of th e roo fs in the gh astly siege o f Lucknow ’ th e ff th e Shot thro sta or halyard, but ever we raised

thee anew, And ever upon the to pmost roof o ur banner o f England

blew.

Frail were the works that defended the hold that we held with o ur lives

h o ur Women and children among us, God help t em, children and wive s !

Hold it we might— and for ﬁfteen days or for twenty at

most . ‘ I h h is Never surrender, c arge you , but every man die at post ! ’ 10 V we o ur oice of the dead whom loved , Lawrence the best of t h e brave :

’ ’ Cold were his brows wh en we kiss d him — w e laid him

th at night in his grave . ‘ ’ ’ Every man die at his post ! and th ere h ail d on o ur h ouses and halls

h r iﬂe - Death from t eir bullets, and death from their

- cannon balls, h Death in our innermost chamber, and deat at our slight

barricade, o h Death while we sto d wit the musket, and death while st oo t th e we p to spade, THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 79

t o th e s t o t h e Death dying , and wound wounded, for often h t ere fell , ’ h Striking the hospital wall, crashing thro it, t eir shot and h t eir shell,

e a — h D th for t eir spies were among us, their marksmen e were told of our b st, So that th e brute bullet broke th rough the brain th at could th ink for th e rest ; 20 o ur h Bullets would sing by fore eads, and bullets would rain at o ur feet ' I‘h re from ten thousand at once of the rebels that girdled us round Death at t h e glimpse of a ﬁnger from over t h e breadth o f a street, Death from th e heights of t h e mosque and the palace and death in the ground ! ? ! ! ! Mine yes, a mine Countermine down , down and ’ creep th ro th e hole ! Ke ep the revolver in hand ! you can hear him - th e murderous mole !

! — t h e o f t h e Q uiet, ah quiet wait till point pickaxe be th ro’ t h e e a and h Click with pick, coming n rer nearer again t an before Now let it speak , and you ﬁre , and the dark pioneer is no more ; And ever upon the topmost roof our banner of England blew ! 30

A fo e u h is y , but the spr ng mine many times, and it ch anced on a day ’ Soon as the blast of th at underground th underclap e ch o d

away , ’ Dark th ro t h e smoke and t h e sulph ur like so many ﬁends in th eir h ell 80 ENGLISH BALLADS

n - - h Can on shot , musket s ot, volley on volley , and yell upon yell on our Fiercely all the defences myriad enemy fell . h is ? What ave they done ? where it Out yonder. Guard t h e Redan ! Storm at t h e Water - gate ! storm at th e Bailey -gate !

storm, and it ran as on Surging and swaying all round us, ocean every side ’ Plunges and heaves at a bank th at is daily de vour d by the tide m t h So any thousands that if hey be bold enoug , who sh all escape ? 40 ’ i o r kill d or K ll be , live die, they shall know we are soldiers and men ’ Re ady take aim at th eir leaders — their masse s are gap p d with our grape h th e Backward t ey reel like wave, like the wave ﬂinging

forward again , ’ F lying and foil d at the last by the handful they could not subdue And ever upon the topmost roof o ur banner of England

blew .

of Handful men as we were, we were English in heart

and in limb , of t o a t o e Strong with the strength the race comm nd, ob y, t o endure, Each of us fought as if hope for the garrison hung but on him

Still — could we watch at all points ? we were every day

fewer and fewer .

There was a whispe r among us, but only a whisper that

! » 50 P34 8 ‘ Children and wives — if t h e tigers leap into t h e fold

U D RWR POS THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 81

Every man die at h is post — and t h e foe may outlive us at last a Better to fall by the h nds that they love, than to fall into theirs ! ’ Roar upon roar in a moment two mines by the enemy sprung

h our our Clove into perilous c asms walls and poor palisades . R ifle man h , true is your eart, but be sure that your hand be as true ! h th e of S arp is fire assault, better aimed are your flank fusillades Twice do we h url them t o earth from t h e ladders to which h h ad t ey clung, Twice from t h e ditch wh ere th ey sh elter we drive th e m with hand - grenades And ever upon the topmost roof our banner of England

blew . 60

Then o n another wild morning another wild earthquake out - tore Clean from our lines of defence ten or twelve good paces

or more .

iﬂ man h o n o h R e , igh the ro f, hidden t ere from the light o f t h e sun ‘ t h e e a o ut : One h as leapt up on br ch, crying Follow me, follow me

- h him Mark him h e falls ! t en another, and too, and down

goes h e .

Had they been bold enough then , who can tell but the traitors h ad won ? Boardings and rafters and doors - an embrasure ! make way for t h e gun ! Now double - ch arge it with grape ! It is charged and w e

h run . ﬁre, and t ey h t h e a h ve Praise to our Indian brot ers, and let dark f ce a h is due

B. u . 82 ENGLISH BALLADS

a wh o h i h Thanks to the kindly d rk faces foug t w t us, h fait ful and few, 70 h Fought with the bravest among us, and drove t em , and

smote them, and slew, Th at ever upon the topmost roof o ur banner in India

blew.

h ff h Men will forget w at we su er and not w at we do . We can ﬁght ! ’ But t o be soldier all day and be sentinel all th ro th e night s Ever the mine and a sault, our sallies, their lying alarms,

Bugles and drums in the darkness, and shoutings and

soundings to arms, of h Ever the labour ﬁfty t at had to be done by ﬁve , t h e h on e h Ever marvel among us t at s ould be left alive, Ever t h e day with its traitorous death from t h e loopholes

around, Ever the night with its c ofﬁ nle ss corpse to be laid in t h e 80 ground, H th e of of a eat like mouth a hell , or a deluge catar ct

skies,

’ of old o flal of Stench decaying, and infinite torment flies, Th oughts of the breezes o f M ay blowing over an English

ﬁeld,

wou ld n ot Cholera, scurvy, and fever, the wound that be ’ heal d,

of t h e - Lopping away the limb by pitiful pitiless knife,

— Torture and trouble in vain , for it never could save us

a life . V of wh o t h e a alour delicate women tended hospit l bed,

Horror of women in travail among the dying and dead, for our r n Grief pe ishing childre , and never a moment for

grief,

’ ine ﬁ ab le e n of 90 Toil and weariness, falt ri g hopes relief, THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 83

’ o r o r b ut ch e r d Havelock bafﬂed, beaten, for all th at we knew h h Then day and nig t, day and nig t, coming down on the ’ still - sh at t e r d walls

- - Millions of musket bullets, and thousands of cannon balls But ever upon the topmost roof our banner of England

blew .

! Hark cannonade, fusillade Is it true what was told by

the scout, Outram and Havelock breaking their way through the fell mutineers Surely the pibroch of Europe is ringing again in our ears ! on th e All a sudden garrison utter a jubilant shout, ’ Haveloc k s glorious Highlanders answer with conquering

cheers , h Sick from the hospital echo t em , women and children 100 come out, Blessing the wholesome white faces of Havelock’ s good

fusileers , ’ Kissing t h e war - h ar de n d hand of th e High lander wet with their te ars !

Dance t o th e pibroch — saved ! we are saved — is it you ? is it y ou ? c t h e s Saved by the valour of Havelo k , saved by ble sing of Heaven ! ‘Hold it for ﬁfteen days ! ’ we have held it for eigh ty seven ! And ever aloft on the palace roof the old banner of

England blew .

eo Lor d Ten ny u . NOTES.

1 HOM THE H M . . T AS R Y ER

THIS most interesting and h igh ly imagina tive ballad is given ’ t a m M Th e Mins r el s s S. c in Scott s y derived fro opies . main fabric o f it seems t o be old ; but it is foun ded on ve much

l MSS. o f h h i l Ca o der poems , w ic exist at L nco n , mbri e , and t h e B h M m of h h in ritis useu , and versions w ic were first pub lish ed b Scott and by Jamieson . Th ese older poems contain h ll u n h t h e h h l o f muc fu er acco nts, give by T omas R ymer imse f, i h is h h is weird exper ences and prop ecies . h m Le ar mon t o f E r oildo un e ll o n t h e i T o as , a vi age r ver Leader it s h t h e w w as o l l just above junction wit T eed , p pu ar y renowned ’ as t and proph et under t h e names o f Th omas th e Rh ymer ’ h a h e He l l in t h e 1 t h n an T om s t True . probab y ived 3 ce tury fo r h is r o g e c ie s h ad already gained reputation in t h e early o f op B Th e l l sa s la e days rt ruce . popu ar ta e , Scott , re t s h h was r o ff l t o air lan d h t at T omas car ied at an ear y age y , w ere h e acqui red all t h e knowledge wh ich made h im afterwards so ’ h e as t o ur famous . After seven years residence w permitted ret n t o t h e earth t o enli h ten and asto nish h is countrymen by h is rc h e t ic 1 h t o u t o p powers , sti , owever, remaining bound ret rn ‘ l h h m s w as h s roya mistress. Once w en T o a making merry wit his t h e o f E roildoun e m n i friends in town , a person ca e ru n ng in and told that a h art and h ind were composed! ’ rading t h e ll h a l fbllo w e d t h e vi age street . T om s immediate y arose andy h h e to t h e n . t o animals forest , w ence never retur ed According ‘ ’ l l h e il h is pu ar be ief, st l drees weird (does penance) in t h e air land e t o h . Th e y , and is exp cted some day revisit eart l h h h e l r h is h n o Ei don Tree , under w ic de ive ed prop ecies , longer t h e e t h e so - exists , but spot is mark d by named Eildon Tree Th e h s l r o f Sto ne . t ree road wi l remind some eaders a passage ’ Aeneid h t h e t o t h e in Virgil s , w ere Sibyl points out Aeneas ‘ ads o f t h e h - l O t h e l : Th e ro Net er wor d . f app e , Scott says tradi tional commentary o n th is ballad informs us th at t h e apple t h e r of t h e l o f K l h t h e was p oduce fata Tree now edge , and t at was h e r i l P a e o f h garden t Te restr a ar dise . Th repugnance T omas t o be debarred t h e use o f falseh ood wh en h e migh t find it ' ’ fl e c c onvenient h as a comic e t .

86 ENGLISH BALLADS W 4 THE . . ANDERING JEW

THIs f l lla o n e l quaint and beauti u ba d reminds , in its genera o f o ld a l o r conception and spirit , some It ian painting, some work of t h e o ld l h u German artist A brec t D rer . ’ Th e following interesting introduction is given in Willmo t t s ’ edi tion of Percy s R el ique s th e e 1228 an h sh In y ar , Armenian Arc bi op was entertained at Al a M h o f t h e M s of . P ona tery St b ns ; and att ew aris, a member t h e t h e l of t h e M w h o Society, records particu ars visit . A onk , ! sat t h e uir e d h e h ad or h e o f near stranger, in , if ever seen ard t h e s h h w as so h l e of famous person nam Jo ep , t at muc ta k d ’ wh o w as present at ou r Lord s crucifixion and c onversed with h im wh o w as ll l of t h e Ch , and sti a ive in confirmation ristian ! h h h h e w An d Th e h e t as . fait . Arc bis op answer d , T at fact true o ne of h is wh o w as l t o of afterwards train , we l known a servant ’ t h e i h is r l h h Abbot , interpret n master s wo ds , to d t em in Frenc , Th at h is lord knew t e person t h e spoke of very well th at h e h ad dined at h is table but a little while be for e h e left t h e East ’ h h e h ad P P l Cart a h ilus t at been ontius i ate s porter, by name p wh o h h o ut o f t h e o f t h e , w en t ey were dragging Jesus door ud me n t -h ll h im h h is fi st on t h e Go J g a , struck wit back , saying , ’ s e o a w h h l ? h h fa t r, Jesus , g f ster ; y dost t ou inger Upon w ic s s h im i h w e i Je u looked at w t a fro n , and said , I ind ed am go n ’ l h e w as but th ou sh alt tarr y ti l I come . Soon after conver o f He l fo r and b a t iz e d by t h e name Jose h . ives ever ; but at t h e o f h e ll l s en every undr d years a s into an incurab e illnes , l h i o f s o ut of h h h h e and at engt nto a fit ecsta y w ic w en recovers , h e returns t o t h e same state o f youth h e was in wh en Jesus h e ff h o f . He r su ered , being t en about t irty years age ememb rs all t h e o f t h e a h of Ch t h e circumstances de t and resurrection rist, ’ h h h im t h e of t h e l s e d saints t at arose wit , composing Apost e cr e , th eir preach ing and dispersio n and is h imself a very grave and ! l t h e o f M h P l im h o y person . Since time att ew aris severa o sto r s h ave assumed t h e name and ch aracter o f t h e Wanderin e w Th e t h e follo win lla is o f on e wh o a J . story in ba d a pe r H 15 4 h e h ad e wis h at amburg in 7 , and said t at been a J s oe f m m t h e C o . Th e a h aker at rucifixion Jesus ball d , owever, see s ’ to be of a late r date .

CK . 5 . SIR GUY OF WARWI

BESID ES relating some curious exploits th is ballad possesse s very great beauty and pa th os. ’ P as l Dr . ercy s preface is fo lows Th is Legend contains a sh ort summa o f t h e exploits o f t h e a h t h e o - is f mous c ampion as recorded in d story books, and commonly entitle d A pleasant song of t h e valiant deeds of NOTES 87

h l a h e h l ni h sir of W c iva ry c iev d by t at nob e k g t, Guy arwick , w h o for t h e l of Ph e lis a h , ove fair , bec me a ermit , and died in a o f r a m l i W Th e cave craggy ock , i e d stant from arwick . h o f h h of l h w h w as l istory Sir Guy, t oug Eng is gro t , an ear y

h h . h 15 25 favourite wit ot er nations It appeared in Frenc in , ! is m t h e old i h e l and entioned in Span s romance , Tirante ! Bl r e 1430. We l l anco , w itt n soon after are to d by Dugda e , h l h ll t h e 14 1 w l t at an En is trave er, about year 0, as h ospitab y ’ e e ru sale m t h e ld n l wh o h n receiv d at by So a s ieutenant , eari g t h h e s t h e o f W r h at was de cended from famous Guy a wick , w ose h h ad of h i own l h im story t ey in books t e r anguage, invited to h is la e h im h s l ifts Th e l ce , and present d wit co t y . origina of a th ese sto ries is tr aced t o a very ancient Boman c e in English s h h is Ch as ver e, w ic quoted by aucer a favourite piece even h is m sun t o t h e h Ch s ma in ti e , being arp at ri t s dinners and s Th e Io llo w in marriage fea ts . g Legend is printed from an old l M ll t h e S. h t w o e o f h h copy in fo io , co ated wit print d copies, w ic ’ n e in l - l h e P lle o t C . , b ack etter, is epys o ction e B itter To e nb ur h ll h as l In an exquisit poem , gg g , Sc i er to d a m h l P e l so ew at simi ar story. ercy giv s a onger but inferior ballad G u a nd Ama ra nt h h t h e s o f P l e ( y ) , in w ic feat Guy in a estine ar e r ecount d.

EPHTHAH’ S H . 6 . J DAUG TER

E Y h - DR . R C St e e ve n s t h e ll P obtained t is ballad from , we known f h e a Wh e t e e ve n s c s commentator o S ak spe re . nce S pro ured it i m o f t h e r e m l e h e . n s a T l u unknown So e sta za inco p et . ang age h m h e s o n e is ( ere so ew at modernis d) eems ancient , and inclined t o be lieve th at it is t h e original ballad fr om wh ich Hamlet quotes — n ot quite lit e r ally ﬁ wh e n c h afﬁ ng old Polonius : a mlet H . O J e hth a h ud e o Isr a el h h p , j g f , w at a treasure adst tb c u ! olon i Wh a P us. h ad h e l ? at tre sure , my ord

a ml t Wh — n a ir u r H e . e da h ter a nd n o mo e y O f g , , Th e wh ich h e lov a s n w l ed p si g el . ol on a ll o n dau h t e r P ius ( side ) . Sti my h e i h ? Ha ml et . n ot t 0 e h t h ah Am I in r g t , d J p

P ol on ius. If ou ll e h t ha h h h y ca me J p , my lord , I ave a daug ter h ll t at I love sin we . H ml t a ll n a e . ot . y , t at fo ows P l on i Wh ll h ? o us. l at fo ows t en , my ord Ha mlet Wh s l ot w A b G ot . It . od h ou y , y , And t en y know ca me to a s s most like it w e h s A as. Th r o w o f t e p , ﬁrst pious ch anson will sh ow y o u more It will be notice d th at t h e ballad in it s latter portion keeps 88 ENGLISH BALLADS

l t o t h e in J . c osely account udges (ch ap . xi ) and ends with like ’ t h e ambiguity as t o maiden s fate .

‘ ’ stri e l or a. p (stanza probab y a strain ; it may mean ’ - fo r Ch u t h e h . sort, kind aucer ses word in t is sense (Lat sti s rp ) .

KI . 7 . NG LEAR

THE o h ll i s P h date f t is ba ad unknown . ossibly S akespeare was indebted t o it for t h e story of h is King L ea r ; for alth ough o ld h r l o f K o f h is ll t o c oniclers te l ing Lear , none t em , it said , a ude h is hi h i s so wo n de rq h madness , w c y described by S akespeare , and h h is l o ur lla - Th e l w ic mentioned a so by ba d poet . crue treatment of t h e old king b Regan and Gon or e ll and t h e tra ic . ending are also points o n wyi c h t h e ballad corresponds with t e m h Sh ak e e ar e w as not t o th e dra a . If , t erefore , p indebted

- ll t h e ll e g t l t o h a . ba ad, ba ad po t was e en y indebted S akespe re om l n m l is 5 3. al o a as o p p ( ater Lati , p p ) is uite g od a word as ‘ ’ l nl pompous , and more musica , and mig t be more commo y used t o express th at for wh ich we h ave n o oth er satisfactory word .

THE M K . 8. FROLICSO E DU E

HI h h i s o f O l t o i n th e T S story , w ic rienta origin and is be found Ar a bia n N i hts is h a s t o h is g , used by S akespeare an Induction a in o th e h r e w He r e h t h e h h h T m g f S . (o p r aps aut or o f a play w ic h e worke d up into h is Ta ming of th e Sh r ew) seems t o h ave de rived h is version of t h e story from a collection of Comic Prose ’ w 1 Ana tom o Stories edited by Ed ards in 5 70. In Burton s y f M ela nch ol 1621 la of Ph ) th e y ( ) a simi r story is told ili Good , Duke f Bu u t h l o e t h e ofB . rg ndy , and scene is aid in city ruges

i e . h e . b are : . ea 23. bare d d

t e nt : w . 46 . tinted (dark) ine

’ K H H. 9. ING ART UR S DEAT

’ G ETHER h h a of K h h TO wit t is ccount ing Art ur s deat , taken ’ pa r e n t ly from t h e celebrated rose M or t e d Ar thnr by Th omas ’ hfalo (1470) sh ould be read e nn y son s sple ndid poem M ort e ’ d Ar t a r h h l s w as h im t h e , w ic in ater year inserted by in

— n Pa ssing of Ar th ur t h e last portion o f t h e Idglls of th e Ki g .

h lla t o old b ut . P ll h h e h as T is ba d seems be , Dr ercy a ows t at ’ h l t h e taken liberties with t h e text . I ave given on y second h l t h e h l is t h e l l t h e a f. In ﬁrst a f described fata batt e against ’ M or M r h h all Ki h r traitor odred ( ord ed) , in w ic ng Art u s ‘ ’ l l Luk n Du of l e t h e fo lowers are s ain , except y , ke G ost r, and

90 ENGLISH BALLADS

‘ ’ h e all t h e o f B h l to orsemen , array d in pomp order c iva ry , and

ff h is . K ma h o f h wh o o er services ing James de s ort work Jo nnie , ‘ was h h all h is r anged , wit retinue , upon growing t ees, at a l ll Car t e n r i Ch l H i on p ace ca ed g apel , about ten mi es from aw ck , t h e t o h l Th e li h t o road Lang o m . country people be eve t at , ni t h e t h e t h e h ma fest injustice Of execution , trees wit ered away ’ ’ Oh nn ie s a l — in — (Scott) . J c st e Scott s day a rooﬂess to wer was t h e H ll a a h at o ows, ne r L ng olm .

14 HE . T O D UGLAS TRAGEDY .

HI a l is on e t h e t o h h O T S b l ad Of very few , says Scott , w ic p ular h a s c i l l al Th e B tradition as r bed comp ete oc ity . farm Of ack h ouse — wh ich perh aps derived it s name from t h e swart h y h ue of t h e lords of Douglas — is said t o h ave bee n t h e scene Of t h e l h t h e t h e tragedy . It is in Se kirks ire . Near farm are remains o f h h M is t o h a very ancient tower , from w ic argaret said ave l h e h been car ried Off. Seven arge stones erecte d o n t neig bo uring h eigh ts Of Blac kh ou se are sh own as marking t h e spot wh ere t h e ’ h l t h e l h h t h e seven brot ers were s ain , and Doug as burn , at w ic l t l in t e d u t o o t . h overs s opped drink , is a so I ave iven ’ h sim liﬁ Th e Ballad B oole Scott s version , somew at p

s — h n ot — h h f ives a ver ion w ence , I know w ic dif ers considerably g m ’ h r o Of n . Scott s, and tells only two, i stead of seven, brot ers

1 N . 5 . LORD RA DAL

‘ ’ THE h andsome young man is more generally name d Lord c o o f t h e l h h t h e Ronald , but Scott found a y ba lad in w ic name w a s a l h n o t h t h e Lord R nda , and t oug t it impossible t at song, h h l h ff m as r w ic existed a so in a rat er di erent for a nurse y rime , h h e s o r fo r h l mig t ave be n compo ed , adapted ( somet ing simi ar is l h an d in ll t o t h e found a so in Swedis German) , indirect a usion t h e o f h l h o r a l l o f fate Lord T omas Rando p , R nda , Ear M r h t o B c l ur ay , nep ew Robert ruce , and governor Of S ot and , wh ose sudden death in 1332 w as attributed by many t o poison l t h e l h . w as e to and b some Eng is king , Edward III , b ieved h h e O toads ave n t murderer . ne version gives instead Of ‘ l h e l fo r o e e s. T s sub titution Of some venomous repti e fo d , o r l e n e t o o f putting it into iquor , was pos d be a common mode h Old llad Ka tha r ine administering poison (Scott) . anot er ba ( Ja nfa r ie ) we h ave English lords and gentlemen advised n o t to ’ t o l fo r come down Scot and , ’ h ll e h T ey fe d ye up wit ﬂattering words, And play y e foul play ’ Th ey ll dress y o u frogs inste ad o f ﬁ sh ’ Upon your wedding day. NOTES 91

1 B B 7 . AR ARA ALLEN .

HER E n h l ll - T are many versio s Of t is very popu ar ba ad song . It m t o h e l h ll m in see s ave be n ﬁrst pub is ed by A an Ra say 1724 . Ou r te xt is from t h e B allad B ook with some additions ’ and emendation s from Percy s R eliqnes.

18. BO ADICEA .

B AD ICEA w as t h e o f Prasut a us of t h e O widow g , king Iceni , a powerful tribe o f Britons inh abiting t h e country n ow comprised

f l l . Sh e w as is a h ll in Suf o k and Norfo k , it s id , s amefu y treated t h e w h o h e r t o h t h e by Romans , ordered be scourged , and w en P l o n Roman governor, Suetonius au inus , was absent an expedition a ain st t h e Druids and th eir foll owers in t h e island o f Mona le se sh e e ll t h e l g y ) , excited a reb ion , took Roman co onies Of

C l h s . l s l h o c e ter, St A ban , and London , and s aug tered nearly h ll t h e n Romans and t eir a ies . On retur Of Suetonius a

l w as h C l h . Th e a great batt e foug t near o c ester Iceni were defe ted , and Boadicea eith er fell in battle o r took poison t o escape c a e D t ur (about A . . ‘ ’ l t h e e O is n o t O t h e pjj wp e r cal s po m an de . It an de in t h e h as l l t o t h e strict sense Of word , and very litt e resemb ance l e O o f P o r t h e O o f n or is it l ce ebrat d des indar, des Gray ; ike t h e Odes o f Dryden and Pope n or t h e wonderful Ode o f Words h It h l l l m 1 r ic al wort . does per aps resemb e more c ose y so e O o f H h r li h lla n e ve r t e le ss de orace t an an o dinary Eng s ba d , but ur ll c o n t h e I think it claims a place in o co e tion . Notes poem

in Selected Poems o Gr a B ur ns Cow e r etc . may be found m f y , , p , ’ l Tennyson s n e B oadice a sh ou d be read .

C M H . 19. U NOR ALL

T E h l M 1 35 o f th e H writer Of t is fine bal ad , ickle ( 7 and still ’ a ilor s Wi e l h is l l l S , g d b k t t finer f a so aine a name y s i fu Wrans a ion o f t h e L usia d o f t h e Portugu ese poet Camoens . Sir . Scott is said t o h ave bee n indebte d t o th is ballad fo r t h e ch ief motive Of ’ h i th ‘ h h P l t h e al of s K enilwor , in w ic , says a grave , t e Lord ’ h h e r m Leicester s private marriage wit Amy Robsart , i prison h C H ll O ll ment and fe arful deat at umnor a , near xford , partia y m h h as l t o us h confir ed by istory , been made more rea t an most ’ h P l ’ h h istorical rea lities . I ave given a grave s s ortened version o t h e e m f po .

- W H R . 20. A T LEAP ELL

AR - EAP l a W s t h is o f H T L We l , s ys ord wor , a small spring water It s i s about ﬁve miles from Rich mond in Yorksh ire . name de l Ch t h e o f h h is s rived from a remarkab e ase , memory w ic pre erved 92 ENGLISH BALLADS

’

t h e m t h e e . a h e a by onuments described in po m A peas nt , dds , ‘ wh om we met near t h e spot told us t h e story and pointed o ut t h e stones Both t h e stones and t h e well are Objects th at may be easily missed ; t h e tradi tion by th is time may be extinct ; ’ t h e w h o e l t o u s Old man r ated it was very . In several places in Germany a Hart -leap (Hir sch sp r ung) o f t h e u s — O h r u i same nat re exist ne , wit a bronze staFsu mo nt ng t h e t o t h e Bl . rock , is be seen near Freiburg in ack orest

B 22. ALICE RAND

’ HI ll is o th e La is e o n T S ba ad from Scott s L a dy f ke . It found d

Old i h l l h 15 91 . an Dan s bal ad , ﬁrst pub is ed in 2 m i s and m r l : h h la . . av e e t rus and b ckbird 1 w ’ d l 4 . onn : l i e : . 38 . g a v broadsword dwe t 1 b l h . 5 . an : . 7 . p ail : ﬁne c ot 0 curse

25 . i : 6 . c o ur e : n . va r (variegated) fur . 7 nj solemnly comma d

24 . M THE SKELETON IN AR OUR .

‘ ’ ‘ HI d l was to h T S balla , says Longfel ow, suggested me w ile riding on t h e sea - sh ore at Ne rt — evidently th e N ‘ l or tw o i . C N America , be ow ape A year prev ous a h ad ll la skeleton been dug up at Fa River , c d in broken and e u t h e u e t o o f n c corrod d armo r , and idea occ rr d me con e ting it h t h e ll h h as wit Round Tower at Newport, genera y known it erto th e Old W ll h h n ow l t h e as t h e indmi , t oug c aimed by Danes of h ’ He ll u s h n work t eir ancestors . te s t at some antiquaria s actually assert th at th is o ld tower must h ave be en built by people

— from t h e Nort h Of Euro not la ter tha n th e 12th century i s. at least 300 years before t e time of Columbus e llow ll n ot o f t h e i i s f l I wi enter into a discussion po nt . It su ﬁcient y l well attested for t h e purpose o f a bal ad .

- r k h h . 5 3. Be ser e b ar s irt warrior , ero ‘ ’ 15 Th e hoal l Skdl o r 9. word S (proper y ) means a bowl ’ - l h t h e l bumper h ence a h ea t . It is customary exc amation h s in Sweden wh en a h ealt i drunk .

H THE CK . 25 . LU OF EDEN ALL

THIS is a spirited translation by Longfellow o f t h e well -known ballad by t h e German poet Uh land (written in An En li sh ll iffe n 1 8 i h o w t h e Kni ht of all a W . 36 ba d by (d ) descr bes Eden , h t h e ss t h e l of airie s h ow benig ted in woods , witne es reve s , and h e as h to t h e h l h of h , just t ey are about drink ea t t eir king ,

94 ENGLISH BALLAD S

’ ceased immediately on both sides About 70 Of th e Orient s w t h e l h m t h e h cre were saved by Eng is boats . A ong many w o rish e d t h e C m d C h is son were om o ore asabianca and , a brave ’ ’ pg l Old h s Li e o N elson y on y ten years (Sout ey f f ) .

HE L K 2 T O UC N . 7 . DEFENCE F OW

THE Indian Mutiny (an account o f wh ich sh ould be read in con n e xion h h o ut th e r l o f 185 wit t is poem) broke in ea y summer 7 . k h 92 t h e m a o f At Luc now t ere were 7 Europeans , under co m nd H n n ul l . Ch inh ut Sir e ry Lawrence After an u successf batt e at , t h e garr ison was be siege d in t h e Lucknow Residency and neigh l l st on in . Th e e b o ur . forts siege began about Ju y , and S pt 25 t h ve lo c k t w o h o f h b ut a u , , after mont s eroic vain ende vo r, in o ut o f 3000 Hi h lan de rs succeeded bringing in about 2000 ( ) . B h t h e i h ad l 35 0 l di w r e n c e t is time garr son ost about , inc u ng . The Europeans (with many women and ch ildren n ow about 3000) h eldpout af ter t h e arrival o f Haveloc k (de scribe d in t h e for h t wo h h C l C l t o poem) anot er mont s , w en Sir o in ampbel came th eir relief with about 5 000 men (o f wh om some 5 00 were lost in t h e severe ﬁgh ting wh ile entering Lucknow) and succe eded in convoying t h e wh ole European colony safely t o t h e oth er side o f h H l o h e w as r t e Ganges . ave ock died f dysentery as being car ied u o t Of Lucknow. GL A Y OSS R .

THE main o e ct of th is l ossar wh ich h as e e n ur ose l ma e less bj G y , b p p y d e labo r at e t h an t h at of Part I is t o h e lp pup ils t o le arn t h e e xac t an in an c or r e c t u se o f w or ds h ic h o c cur in m e t me g d w od rn lite r a ure . ms Man old w or ds Scott c is e tc . ar e e lain e d in t h e Not e s an d y , i , , xp , ar e n o t give n h e r e . Wo r ds n o w o sole te or use o nl in oe t r ar e mar e d w ith an b , d y p y , k s r is a t e k.

li ’ cco 20. 1 13 t . t o h a st ( ) come up one s side approac , address . 2 5 . l h ch i . a eve ( 7) perform , accomp is * h m dmi e 8 1 . e w n o t a r ( . 7 wonder ; r ard it wonder ( eces sarily with deligh t o r approvag i l 1 2 e l to o e l e 9. 5 r t h a r a ( ) b onging , comin from , air ; invisib e ’ ’ Cf M h s lg l e ’ . ilton s aery tongues t at y ab e m n s names. ’ 2 ll t o l me / al rm 5 m . all a r a ( 7 . 7 ) sudden ca ar s (Ita . al d r 2 5 h h l o e ( 3. 3 ) a bus y tree t at grows a ong t h e sides f streams h as l c s l i and pa ms ( atkin ) in ear y spr ng . ’ * z lli d . all d i l h e r e allo ed a e (7 in some versions y , ev dent y t h e e : h ow h is (Fr . sens being muc genuine metay th ere in your love

m i 8 49 . Se c l t o P . a n ( . ) by force G ossary art I * A.lmain 5 h lle a e t h e G . A m n e ( . ermany (In Frenc g ; from i i e Alle h e a nn . o f t Alem . ancient German confederacy , M anner , All l 1 2 a . lit l e . ap p ( 0 0) . make pa e ; t rrify s e n 2 ll o f o l h l h h a p ( 0. a sma kind p p ar wit round eaves , w itis a h h h l t h e l h o f t h e underne t , w ic tremb e at s ig test motion

* ni h l n t h e st o ed 9. a ( astonis ed ; an O der form , fou d in ’

B l eton n er . extona r e . ib e, etc . (Lat . , Fr , stun ) om 25 lit m h so small as t o n o l at ( . . so et ing be onger l s l divisib e ; a tiny mor e . to t ir e 2 s s . a t ( 0. dre s (verb . and ubst ) See Glossary

Part I . I 96 ENGLISH BALLADS

24 m . a e b al tc . fo ( b lsam ; spice ; sweet Ointment , used r l ’ emba ming dead bodi es (mummies) . m of h h b an (22. curse ; for words by w ic an evil spirit is To la un er th restrained (exorcised) excommunication . y d e b a n = o r l l to excommunicate condemn as an out aw. A so Of

h l b a nns o ma r r ia e . ot er proc amations , as f g d 2 1 l fo b rrica e 5 h r . a ( 7 . ) a barrier asti y erected defence

b e r 12. of h l h h ave ( visor, front part e met , w ic was Opened for r h it s h h h as h t o d o h d inking ( ence name , w ic not ing wit

t h e an imal) .

b e s e ak 8. 61 r . h p ( ) o der (goods , etc ) engage before and betoken , l 1 l z k . 9. w r it e rs s e a d . indicate A so ( 7) in O der p , ad ress l l . b e ide 1 . 21 h t o t ( ) appen , befa * h l 8 5 8 . b 1 de . a ( ) a gay, das ing fel ow i l b l e nd 20. 1 3 . ( 7 ) mix , m ng e i h b li h 13. 18 . t e ( ) br g t , merry * l d 22 s a s ve rb = t o l 1 . Cf. 3. . b oo (3. ) u ed transitive b eed 0 m 15 t o l h b oo 26 . ( ) a word formed represent a oud noise , like t at

of cann on .

5 3 : l t o b o on (3. ) a r uest a favourab e answer a request : a l favour ; a kin e ss ; a b essing .

4 lit u - z 9 . as ail u or o b out (24 . ) bend t rn w s b o t a turn at ( c n n test at) drinki g . ’ b o er 12. l e s . la No w w ( a bui ding ; p a dy s apartment . ll o r genera y means an arbour sh ady nook . ’ 1 r o b ab l as h i b rae ( . y same word brow ; an over ang ng

- il . h slope h side A Scotc word .

b r e ch 2 . a ( 7 a break , gap , made in fortiﬁcations by artillery

o r mines . e l t o P m . Se b roo (3 G ossary art I . 2 as ad t h e ll ns l s b t e 20 . . ru ( 7 ) j in Lat sense , du , stupid , se e es ,

. Th e is t h e ll l s le savage contrast between du , sense es ad Of t h e ll t h e h r bu et , and living , t inking b ain . k l 1 e 3 h lit . t h o f h l b u r 3. 6 s . c e ( ) s ield , targe ( bos a s ie d) * 14 1 1 l ll b u el et . . of b h h g ( ) dim ug e , w ic means a young bu ock . Th e bu le - hor n i e ll - h is h e expression g , . . bu ock orn , t er fore h h le l h more correct t an w en we use b ug a one in t is sense . c nar 44 t h e l a y (8. ) a wine made in Canary Is ands . f l h m o r o c no 8. 40 o a p y ( ) a covering ( c ot , e broidery , wood , st ne) o r b e d o r o is h r . suspended over a t one , , t mb It from a us uit o Greek word meaning a m q net . 2 e se e Ch s carol ( 0. a danc song ( Introduction) ; a ristma a so o song ng Of j y .

98 ENGLISH BALLADS

di ine 20. u i . v ( guess, conject re ; pred ct ul dol ef 20. 12 . ( ) sad , painful dol or ous 2 1 ( 0. 5 0) mournful . * dou h t 5 10 h g y ( . ) good (at anyt ing) , valiant , brave . * l dr e e 3. 48 e f . ( ) endur , suf er, be ab e Dunf rmlin P 2 e e 22. . . ( See note , art I

durs o f dar e . t (22. 98) past tense a Th e m a r e gl e s (18. Ro an st nda ds were poles surmounted h e of l by t ﬁgure an eag e . * cc 1 ( . eye . * l ek e 4 12 o . ( . 7 , etc . ) a s l elf 22. 6 e ur . ( 7 ) fairy, sup rnat a being * mb 5 t h e s o r of o r e ass e . ag ( mis ion duty an ambassador, t h e h i lli of e mba ss envoy. Notice rat er incons stent spe ng y a a and mb ssador . e mb asur e i t h e ll o r r (27 . an open ng for a cannon in wa o f parapet a fort . ’

use 1 . esp o (5 . 6 ) make one s spouse ; wed

cu r 1 o n e w h o is t o i . s. exe t o 6 . ( appointed execute , carry f o ut t h e o . , provisions a will

fain 14 . 4 ladl w l . ( 7 ) g y , i lingly ’ h e l - fal ch i 29 t . on (9. ) a sword curved at end lit a sick e like z i le Lat al x s c k . sword . ( . f )

falt er 2 . 90 l h . alte r in h o e is ( 7 ) fai , give way, esitate A f g p one h to t at ever and again gives way despair .

fa n 21 . u w ( 9) a yo ng deer .

25 d . feat (5 . ) dee 2 fe e t lit . c u ( . proper y ( attle) ; any possession ; val ables ; c money ; wages ; re ompense . * f 5 . ell 8 l e . ( . 7 ) ﬁerce , cruel Used sti l in po try fen 24 h b o ( . mars , g. *fe lie l e r ( . See not .

fest al 25 . 2 e ( ) belonging to a f ast . * nnikin 2. 1 h i e . ( 7 ) s owy, gay ; ﬁnely or da ntily dress d

ﬂ a 19. 49 l h g ( ) droop , fail , anguis .

e uall h o f . sudden, q y c ange wind See Glossary , art ‘ foil 2 7 . 44 b aﬂie . ( ) , balk , frustrate , render vain

fore o 9. 24 u g ( ) reno nce , give up .

- ﬁ b re assed 4 . 5 6 or f as 4 h h as e p ( ) ore p t ( . w at pass d by

former . GLOSSARY 99

1 h form 23. 3 t e l h ( ) nest (bed , air) made by a are in long grass o r ferns . f h l l 4 1 h l ll raug t ( . ) freig ted , oaded, ﬁ ed . fur l on h e h h 20. t of l l t h e l g ( eig t a mi e ( it . ength o f a

furrow) .

fusil ee 2 . i . l h usil i ﬁ r 7 . e . e r ( or g a so dier armed wit a f , a l . h t h e ock , musket Several regiments ave name . fusil lade 2 5 ll ( 7 . 7 vo ey.

all nt 2. 1 ll g a ( ) a gay, merry fe ow. ll n l e s t . 15 4 . r or g a a (7 ) ﬁne , gay , sp endid ( p in d ess appearance) ; h l . brave , c iva rous 2 re g ar b ( 0. d ss .

24 1 old A - h ear . 5 0 . . n g ( ) an Sax word meani g w at is prepared , r : h l e tc eady ence property, outﬁt , tack e, dress , . 1 u tl h n . 48 e g en er c a ce (7 ) kinder fort ne (tr atment) . 28 l l l e ntl . g y (7 ) quiet y, meek y ; submissive y.

- er f l con 24 . 28 l h for t h e h lit g a ( ) a arge awk used c ase . a vul ’ l Geier z vult ur e ture fa con . (Germ . . ) ’ ur 2 22 f h m h h es 0. o . g t e ( ) movement ead , ar s, etc , by w ic one s l fee ings are sh own . i l i ll b l 21 r . s g o et (25 . ) a d ink ng vesse It a diminutive and rea y l c up e t . 12 o f h l ﬂaun t in m or eo s . g g u ( brig t co ours , splendid , g ; fro Old h fo r f or e z th ro at h h an Frenc word a ruf (g g ) , w ic used l h h l t o b e worn very arge and ig y decorated .

2 - h — a l e o f ll ll m grap e ( 7 . grape s ot c ust r sma ba s used so e Of l - ll times instead a sing e cannon ba . h s l l Th e in r isl ri l 22. . g s y ( g a t y, fearfu ideas contained g y an d gr iz zly are sometimes confused both in En lish d Ger l ’ 24 34 is not . man . In . it an American grizz y ar * ' t h t h e l 4 1 i . e l l r t . 0 . g oa ( 7 great, a arger si ver coin an si ver - e penny a four p nny bit . h l wi e . uil e 2 5 4 c . g ( . ) de eit A (Frenc ) form Of li t h e h h o f h h l 5 ) t . rope by w ic ards a s ip are a ed h s h (h auled) up also cord by w ich a ag i oisted .

- Th e n d e 9 lo sive h h . h and g re a (27 . 5 ) an ex bomb t rown by and word gr enade means w e y a pomegranate ; so called from t h e h s ape . l le s f h l ess 19. 68 . ap ( ) uck s , un ortunate ’ - l l o f lit . h n . h art 20. 28 ( ) stag , ma e red deer or ed anima 1 l l re h aunt ( 9. 23) frequent ; visit constant y ; be constant y p ‘ ’ do 24 sent in ; g ( .

h a t 24 . 123 h e . un ( ) a place muc frequent d , a favourite resort 100 ENGLISH BALLADS

in us 4 lit h e l ha ine ux u h e o . 5 5 5 . . se d to ( ; at fu (Fr . ) denote l great mora iniquity. m fo e l h el 26 . e r th h e ri r ( used Oft n w o e ste ng gea (rudder, h l or ll ll l t h e ll w ee , ti er, but rea y on y ti er, as it means ‘ ’ ‘ ’ h a ndle Cf. h l of hil of a . e ve ( an axe) and t ( a sword) . To i h h elm o f h h h e im u t d . h elmet is be d sting is ed from , w ic l general y used . h ermi 5 1 11 or er mi e lit o n e wh o l in t h e . t t ( ) e t : . dwel s deser ; a lus h rec e , anc orite . * i e h e o w l e h 9 . N . (7 . 7) ast n most y us d in poetry

h - h ind 14 t h e l of t e . (23. ) fema e red deer * s its h e it s w as h h i . T t e (9 . word ﬁrst used about year

1600. l h l ’ h old la : h . (27 . 7) fortified p ce ere a frai strong o d ll H . F o r h oll nd 8. l a ( fine inen , first imported from o and

oth er such wor ds se e Glossary t o Part I .

ll - h k 21 21 h . oo ( . ) bi ook h f h h ulk 24 1 19 . o ( . ) lit a s ip burden (a Greek word) ; a eavy , h h ull l o . bu ky vessel . N connexion wit

h urr ic ne 24 12 l . to a ( . 7) vio ent tempest Said be a native Ameri

can word . 12 l immure 19. . ( ) wa l up , imprison

im o t 20. 99 n . p r ( ) mean, sig ify

‘

l . ine ﬂ ab l e 2 . 90 s ( 7 ) unspeakab e, inde cribable * h e l 0 of t h o r e . kind1 22. y ( 7 ) same kind (kit kin) , re at d f l r h lac e 13. o o s ( cord , braid , often go d silver t reads , u ed h - fo r o . Cf . b oot lac es. decorating c ats, ats , etc ( ) li h l a to l launch 24 . t . t o to ( t row a ance ; c st , cause s ide , l t h e t H l bring a vesse into wa er . ere used intransitive y .

l ea 14 . 16 e . ( ) a clearing , op n pasture land l w r d 24 in t h e h h t h e is ee a ( . direction towards w ic wind l i t o w indwa r d Th e le e e . b owing, . . opposite word (some times pronounced and written lew) me ans a sh elter ; t h e h m h e side s eltered fro t wind .

* - l e e n 1 46 low la . v ( . ) meadow, grass nd d li 9. 43 so v e re i as a . eg e ( , lord ; also , j , loyal , subject Se e Glossary t o Part l l ull 20. 144 o h i t o . ( ) so t e, s ng s eep l e is ba it o r de o l ur e 19. 30 c . wr c ( ) entice , attra t , tempt A a , a y - i e c o o f . ( . . duck y) any sort

l u 1 ed l u l . t e ( 2. 68) a strin musica instr ment ike a guitar (An

Arabic word ud . ) l t P . m 125 t h e . a ain 24 . ( ) open sea See G oss ry, ar I

102 ENGLISH BALLADS

ionee 2 . 29 i wh o a a e s p r ( 7 ) a work ng soldier prep res ro ds , bridg ,

a e t c . H r l fortiﬁc tions , mines , ence a fore unner, a eader (in l exp oration , invention , ’ li h t t o vow l d p g (7 . bind a duty, promise , , p e ge (one s

word ,

lle h h h se e . Th e r e n n 18. 34 p g a t ( ) ﬁ d , fraug t (w ic ) word ‘ generally intimates tha t a th ing is full of important c on ’ ‘ ’ ll c n h t h e is h sequences , fu Of signiﬁ a ce , and ere sense t at ’ t h e ba rd s h eaven -inspire d words are full of c onsequenc e fo r e future ag s . * h l h e . r n l 5 . 124 t p ese t y ( ) for wit , imm diate y

ri i 9. 36 ac c . p v ty ( ) priv y, se recy H t h e of th e s s f . e p r ogeny (18. Of s ring ( ere prog ny fore t = t h e oak trees 0 wh ich battlesh ips were built . )

1 l . p rowess (5 . 6) bravery and skil in war

l h . p uissant (5 . 36) powerfu . A Frenc word

’

24 . i quaﬂ ( dr nk . Wh h u rt 24 . 1 16 . q a er ( ) mercy , sparing ence comes t is meaning

a ire ua r tie r is l . Cf. t o ua r ter of t h e word (Fr. f q ) doubtfu q

tr oo s t o ll h ua r ter s e tc . p , a ot t em q ,

ch oir . quir e (2. 97) a form Of

uo h 7 . 89 . is o f t h e uea th q t ( , said It past tense verb q

hi h u l b e ue a th . . Sa x . cwetha n (A ) , w c s rvives on y in q ’ 29 h o n e wh o h as h o f h e r ang er (23. ) c ief forester c arge a c as ,

o r game forest .

l i le . rank 23. 35 ( ) uxuriant , grow ng in tang d profusion

h - l lit . r as e r or scr a er a r i 12. 29 ap er ( ) a p , p ; a s rp pointed , so id , n o r h e - u - e rou d , t re sided (sometimes fo r sid d) sword ,

f. tiletto h r . s only for t usting C .

2 36 l e s l . Th e w as R edan ( 7 . ) a ce ebrat d fort Of Seba topo name o e f h given by t h e English in Lucknow to n o t eir forts . 2 l R n 19. . eg e t ( ) ru er, sovereign

2 lit . t o h i to r e h earse ( 0. arrow a ﬁeld a second t me ;

repeat , relate .

r ela tive omission o 5 . 5 0 10. 3. , f . See ;

l . r e in 19. 34 p e ( ) comp ain , fret , murmur * l l h s . 40 l . No t c r ep l enish (6 . ) fu ﬁ ommon y t us u ed * 1 ut s in s . 62 r e p osses (7 ) again into po session , reinstate

us ll r e ﬂe xive l e . . h e s s wer . Now genera y y , g repos es ed ’ imse lf o f t h e o r h t h e a to s crown , wit me ning pos ess once ’ more . h 16 . 160 e . requit e ( ) reward, recomp nse , punis

ll l . l . 1 1 rever e ntia (20 6 ) fu Of oving regard , careful GLOSSARY 103

- r h me 20. 89 old a h e r ll o f m y ( ) f s ion d w ong spe ing r ime . So e (as ’ ’ M l o ll r h me h ‘ i t n) spe it y w en it means verse , poetry . ‘ 25 . 8 h 3 m. h rift E x . T e l le ( ) crack , ﬁssure , c as itt rift with in t h e l h h ll t h e l ute, T at soon s a make music mute (Co er idge) .

mod 20. t h e u Th e ( q arter Of an acre . side o f a rood is e l 35 so t h e w as 138 t h e n ar y yards, ascent about yards, and ’ h le 4 But t h e l art s aps about 6 yards each . ast was evidently h e l 1 t 1. 3 ongest . See 7

r oun d l 2. l l O ll e ay ( a ive y rustic song . ( rigina y a poem o f

h li . r onde let t irteen nes . Fr . )

— u 20. ll l l ro t ( crowd , company genera y a disorder y , tumu

n l . tuo s crowd , rabb e l = rude (24 . 3) rough y made ; o r perh aps h e r e rough and spoilt i h w t rust . * un e 4 l m l h e B l r ag at ( . a fa se for (used a so in t ib e) o f

r ene de i. e . o n e w h o a a e a . g , denies ; desert r , apost te , traitor

- r uss t 22. e h . h s o f e ( r ddis , red brown T us Scott peaks ‘ ’ as h o f l autumn woods a s roud russet dropt with go d . h e o f it s l ns h n T en , b cause co our , it mea coarse omespu , and ’ l H r usset r a a so rustic . ere g y is a contradiction in terms .

S 24 lit . i l t h e t o Old aga ( . a say n a egend ; name given l h o r . nort ern epics egen s See Introduction . ca h h f b o . s b ar d (9. 5 0) s eat ( a sword)

s 2 — li of la c l 25 . 4 l t . La t . s ala a e ( ) c imb by means a dder ( c e) . 1 l P sco 4 . t o 1 . re ( 3. ) twenty See G ossary art h l h e h e 22. 42 c . T h l scre n ( ) defen e , s e ter beec es and oaks s e tered t h e - h e l h fairy ring wh ere t fairies danced by moon ig t .

m 24 1 l P . 5 4 . sea ( . ) mark See G ossary , art I ll as secure (8. in Older write rs genera y means ( in Latin) with out a nxie t b el ievin on esel sa e h h ll y , g f f , rat er t an actua y ’ ’ l o f sa e . H t h e is f ere sense ob ivious cares , unconscious .

s n l h . f. ma r sh al e ch al 25 . . o d s C es ( 7) lit ervant c ief steward , h ’ orse servant . * sh r d 25 . lit . h out e s . a ( somet ing fragment , p Of pottery sh l Th e h r - of l is ll (pot erd) or g ass . a d wing case a beet e ca ed sha r a d . * l mson h een sh ee n 22. h s Cri s ( brig tnes , g eam . (crimson s lendour) is an ar tiﬁcial expression fo r bri h t crimson '

c po t h o r l o r l sh een h g a d . i. e . ve vet ; possib y may ere e j , ‘

h l m schOn . brig t, beautifu (Ger . )

sh r 44 ! . er y (8. ) a wine from eres in Spain l h r 8 h . o d 1 1 . 9 s u ( ) ide , concea h t h e sh r o s t h e m t h e t o t h e s roud (26 . 23) ud are ropes fro mast

P . o f h . Gl sides a s ip See ossary, art I 104 ENGLISH BALLADS

S 1 k al d 24 . h ( 9) a nort ern (Scandina vian) bard . sli h t 1 24 7 h d . g ( ) pass over wit out notice , ignore , espise

Sol d n 5 . t h e l h e a ( Su tan Of t h e Tur ks . T ey ﬁrst invad d

t h e 14t h Th e 1096 . Europe in century . ﬁrst Crusade was in

4 . 1 1 sort 5 . 5 6 h l . ( ) fas ion , way, sty e

s e d 22. o f Th e . w as t o p ( past tense sp eed . orig meaning d ma e a t 24 . succe ed o r k succeed h t o h s en . 46 e , ; ence In sp h h i l f . . e . r e astened ence , depa t d from i e s oil 2 h or h p ( 0. w at is captured in war c ase ; dead game ;

prey ; quarry .

ui h l - h l sq re (8. or . s ie d bearer ; a man o ding rank after a h l to P . knig t . See igossary art I

1 l of . nant 24 . 46 no t stag ( ) forming a poo , running ( water) * t in e 1. 15 5 n r lin 2. n o r . he Chas t o 5 8 f. v s ( ) tarry stay C C y , ’ He ed n or n . never stint , ever blan * i str p e (6 . See note .

sum t uou 12 33 . p s ( . ) costly, splendid li n 2 22 i a t 0. . supp a ( ) begg ng , entre ting

m un 1 . ur o t 6. r s ( 7) excel , su pass l ur 20. 108 . s vey ( ) view, contemp ate * f f o nd 8. 6 o oon o sw u ( ) a form sw ; a state unconsciousness , a

faint , trance , coma, stupor. * l 5 l h e . l n 20. 8 t o t sy va ( ) be onging woods , eafy h 20 15 8 h i e l wi h h ll symp at y ( , ) a s ar ng Of f e ing t anot er ; fe ow l fee ing ; compassion .

* b o ll b or o r e a s ac c om o 6 . 26 r b o ta r ta ret ( ) ta ret a sma d um , us d ’ p anime n t to ﬁfe or sh eph e rd s pipe .

- h r s . a . 1 h w a t wny (20 04 ) reddis bro n (cf. de d wit ered g as ) * t e 8. e nt ( See not . h e it . id 1 2 Th e t . ! e 6 . 8 . t e ( ) time , season same word as Germ * h o f . r ee 9. 14 t ( ) wood , wooden s aft a spear

- il 2 88 t h e h l h . t r ava ( 7 . ) labour Of c i d birt

h h . t h . o f th : rot (7 a form tr u onour , fait , obligation, duty f b r t C . et o h . 1 1 usag e ( 9. 7) treatment .

h 12 - e u t f l wh o us er ( . door keep r co r O ﬁcia introduces

e r s o r l o f a . . h uissie r stran , wa ks before persons r nk (Fr ;

ostium . from t . , door) lit wh o h l m l l 3 . vassal (20. ) a person eld and fro a feuda ord and w as bound t o render certain services a retainer used co n ’ ’ t e m t uousl for l . p y s ave , serf

HINTS UESTIONS AND S BJE TS F R , Q , U C O AY ESS S .

1 i i as o u t h e o f h th e . Descr be as viv dly y can ride T omas

Rh ymer with t h e Q ueen of El ﬂand .

2 Th e l e h ow t h e h . great Ita ian poet Dante describ s mars es and rivers Of t h e Inferno (Neth er - world) derive th eir waters all t h e h h an ou from s rings fed by tears s ed upon eart . C y quote ro m any ballad anyth ing like th is ?

ll all H t h e H 3. Te you know about Robin ood and Robin ood lla l of h is h r h h is l l ba ds . Give examp es c ival ous be aviour , oya ty, f f h ff and h is want o respect or priests and s eri s .

’ 4 s th e a ll o f J e htha h s D a u hter l . De cribe b ad p g , and exp ain a h h H l t h e circumst nces under w ic am et quotes from it .

o Kin L ear h 5 t h e f . DO ou h h . Give stor g y t ink t at S ake h b aylad ? o spe are used t is Give your reas ns .

h do o u k Ki h ? 6 . W at y now about ng Art ur

’ f h h n o K t . Ca 7 . Give a brief account ing Ar ur s Deat you give any quotations t o Sh ow wh eth er Tennyson o r t h e auth or of t h e ballad h as imagin ed t h e scene more poetically ?

l h h e of t h e D emon L ove r DO 8. t . Re ate . wit quotations , story ou know any oth er poem in wh ich a spe ctre bark is described 9 h y so s u o f it . f , give a ort acco nt

Th e ll of t h e D ou la s Tr a ed is v e x ra 9. ba ad g g y y d matic a l l are Ofab o ut great dea takes p ace , and we given a series a dozen vivid pictures by means of a few spoken words and a few de sc r ip

o h t o h h h is so . tive t uc es . Give quotations s ow t at t is

1 Boa dicea ff l ll . is 0. di ers considerab y from ordinary ba ads It n o t h h h n or l l roug in r yt m , simp e and direct in anguage and h th ough t ; but it is full o f music and dignity . Suc a poem h l l h t so h l th e s ou d be earnt by ear , t at it may ive in memory ’ l lo as a perennia fount of me dy .

1 1 t h e o of llus . Give st ry Amy Robsart , and i trate it by quota mnor Hall tions from Cu . B C O SU JE TS F R ESSAYS . 107

h e a o f Hea r t -L e a el c t W l . Wh l 12. Des ribe ﬁrst p rt p at esson doe s Wordsworth wish u s t o learn from t h e ballad ? Compare it o f h e il Huntsma n e t h with t h e le sson t W d . Q uot e last stanza o r or i a and state your reasons f r ag eeing d s greeing .

th e Skeleton in Ar mour h of h 13. In t ere are ﬁne pictures nort ern ’ l f o f - m i e and scenery, and a Sea rover s experiences . Give so e o f th ese .

14 ll h as o f - l . Longfe ow given us many ﬁne pictures bird ife .

F o r l Hia wa tha . h is l o f examp e , in (xix ) t ere a wonderfu picture ul r . Can ou h ll o r v tu es y give ot er examples from Longfe ow, fro m any oth er poet ?

o f t h e l t o ll 15 . Give a brief account events eading up and fo ow in t h e of t h e an d l as g Siege Lucknow, and describe siege re ief ’ nearly as yo u can in Tennyson s words . BOOKS THAT MIGHT BE HELPF L U .

’ i ues h ll b e 1 . . R el h e Dr Percy s q , in w ic wi found an int resting ’ n Th l l Essay o e Ancient Minstre s in Eng and . ’ W c M i tr el o h e ottish B 2. . ns s t Sc or der t h e Sir S ott s y f , Intro duction t o wh ich gives an account o f t h e state o f t h e Border t h e o f H l e country in age otspur, and at r . ’ r l o n Ba ll d Mr h m 3. . C An a tic e a s , by Andrew Lan in a bers l iter a tur e ol . o n L . . . l E . V c o Cy p f g (New edition , p

4 c l o n B la l Mr t h e E nc clO . . An arti e al ds , a so by . Lang , in y p l B r ita nni a Vo . . c , III

l on i H H l t h e E nc o . 5 . P . cl An artic e Rob n ood , by rof a es , in y p i a B r ita nn c .

’ l o n B ll B M t r 6 . Artic es a ads and allad usic in Grove s D ic iona y of M usic . Art and ’

h e t o Mr . ll ha oo t h e 7 . T Introduction A ing m s Ballad B k in s Golden Trea ury Series . ’

H di o f B r it h al as ll CO . 8. . C. is B lads. C S all s e tion ( se ,

78. 6d . ) h 9. Th e on e ﬁnal auth or it o n Old English Ballads and t eir ’ h l is r of. Ch l very numerous versions i d s work in eig t vo umes , l h pub is ed in America between 1882 and 1898. ’ is l h A11 P . h l 10. abridgment Of rof C i d s work pub is ed in l on e l m otti h P o ula r B alla ds Eng and in vo u e : E nglish a nd Sc s p , d 2s. 6 d K d . 1 e ited by Sargent and ittre ge (D Nutt , ,

D O LTD . GL ASGOW! PR INTE D AT THE U NIVE R SITY PR ESS B Y R OBE R T MAOLE HOSE AN C .