DOCSLIB.ORG

Issue 18 (2016)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Issue 18 (2016) IDF Faunistic Studies in South­east Asian and Pacific Island Odonata Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund 1­12 Marinov, Milen, Odile Fossati­Gaschignard & Martin Schorr On a dragonfly collection from Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas Islands and Paea, Tahiti (French Polynesia) with taxonomic discussion of some Poly­ nesian genera (Insecta: Odonata) published 28.12.2016 No. 18 ISSN 2195­4534 The International Dragonfly Fund (IDF) is a scientific society founded in 1996 for the impro­ vement of odonatological knowledge and the protection of species. Internet: http://www.dragonflyfund.org/ This series intends to contribute to the knowledge of the regional Odonata fauna of the Southeas­tern Asian and Pacific regions to facilitate cost­efficient and rapid dissemination of faunistic data. Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geo­graphically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Austra­ lia. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: Mainland Southeast Asia (Indo­ china) and Maritime Southeast Asia. Pacific Islands comprise of Micronesian, Melanesian and Polynesian Islands. Editorial Work: Martin Schorr, Milen Marinov and Rory Dow Layout: Martin Schorr IDF­home page: Holger Hunger Printing: Colour Connection GmbH, Frankfurt Impressum: Publisher: International Dragonfly Fund e.V., Schulstr. 7B, 54314 Zerf, Germany. E­mail: [email protected] Responsible editor: Martin Schorr Cover picture: Pantala flavescens Photographer: Graham Reels Published 28.12.2016 On a dragonfly collection from Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas Islands and Paea, Tahiti (French Polynesia) with taxonomic discussion of some Polynesian genera (Insecta: Odonata) Milen Marinov1, Odile Fossati­Gaschignard2 & Martin Schorr3 1Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Diagnostic and Surveillance Services, Ministry for Primary Industries, 231 Morrin Rd, 1072 Auckland, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] 2Institut de Recherche pour le Développement­Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Campus international de Baillarguet, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez Cedex, France. Email: [email protected] 3ÖSTLAP, Schulstrasse 7B, 54314 Zerf, Germany. Email: [email protected] Abstract A small collection of Odonata from Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas Islands is presented. It adds Anax guttatus as a new species to this oceanic group. Hemicordulia sp. nov. is reported, but not described because the same species has been sampled before and is pending a formal description. A short taxonomic discussion on observed morpho­ logical similarity of male anal appendages in taxa presently assigned to Amorpho­ stigma, Hivaagrion and Ischnura east of New Caledonia is provided. Important con­ siderations for biogeography of the Pacific Odonata are discussed too. Key words: Odonata, dragonflies, damselflies, Marquesas, Pacific Ocean, Coenagrion­ idae Introduction The Marquesas, an archipelago of French Polynesia comprising a dozen oceanic islands, is one of the most isolated in the world (Galzin et al. 2016). Adamson (1936) ranks it the third isolated island group after Hawaii and Easter Island. The remoteness of the islands have shaped a truly unique flora and fauna much of which is still under investigation and remains undescribed (Gillespie et al. 2008). Lorence et al. (2016) argue that despite their geographic isolation, relatively young geological age (bet­ ween 1.1 and 5.5 My), small surface area (total of 1,050 km²) and height (highest sum­ mit at 1,276 m), the native (primary) vascular flora of the Marquesas is composed of approximately 332 taxa (313 species, 4 subspecies and 15 varieties), with 48% en­ demism. Marquesas shelter the most diverse assemblages of marine birds of the tropical South Pacific with 21 breeding species (Thibault et al. 2016). Terrestrial arthro­ Faunistic Studies in SE Asian and Pacific Island Odonata 18 | 1 Marinov, Fossati­Gaschignard & Schorr pods are characterised with both diversity and endemism with perhaps as many as 1,500 species in total (Roderick & Gillespie 2016). The young oligotrophic rivers harbour 17 freshwater fishes (nine endemic) and nine decapod crustaceans (one endemic) and are unique in having no introduced species (Keith & Sasal 2016). The herpetofauna is without endemism, but a finer scale analysis clearly shows genetic isolation of its populations and is also noteworthy by the higher density of several spe­ cies which are rare at other places (Ineich 2016). Aquatic macroinvertebrates on the Marquesas Islands are of particular interest for the absence of species from otherwise widely distributed orders such as Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Mecoptera (Adamson 1939). Aquatic Coleoptera are also not known while Trichoptera are represented with one still unidentified genus and species (Polhemus & Englund 2016). Remarkably the total aquatic communities of insects are represented mainly by members of two orders Odonata and Diptera with some Heteroptera living in the littoral zones of streams and rivers. Generally Odonata species of the Marquesas Islands (as well as the whole of French Polynesia) have been understudied (Polhemus & Englund 2016). Until recently, infor­ mation on arthropods (including Odonata) was largely confined to a series of articles published by the Bishop Museum (Honolulu), as a result of the Pacific Entomolo­ gical Survey in the 1920s and 1930s (Gillespie et al. 2008). A more recent report on the freshwater entomological diversity on the Marquesas and Tahiti was published in Polhemus et al. (2000b). That report brings up very important discussion points on the taxonomy of Hemicordulia Needham, 1901 and the local endemic Hivaagrion Hä­ mäläinen & Marinov, 2014. The latter is included in the report as Bedfordia Mumford, 1942, however Hämäläinen & Marinov (2014) demonstrated that this genus name has already been preoccupied by the name Bedfordia Fahrenholz, 1936 in Phthira­ ptera and suggested the replacement name Hivaagrion. Genus Hivaagrion is under­ going a taxonomic revision (Polhemus et al. 2000b) because it is supposed to be re­ presented by endemic species especially at the higher altitudes with at least six new species strictly endemic to the islands of Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa and Ua Huka (Pol­ hemus & Englund 2016). Therefore a detailed historic literature account of the Odonata fauna of the Marquesas, although of particular interest as it has never been done before, is beyond the scope of the current research. It will be postponed until after the completion of the revision of Hivaagrion. Here we report on a small collection of Odonata from Nuku Hiva Island only. Faunistic data are analysed in conjunction with taxonomic information from other islands within French Polynesia and compared to endemic species on the neighbouring Samoan archipelago. Material and Methods According to Gazlin et al. (2016), the Marquesas Islands are located between 7°5' and 10°35' South latitude and 138° 30' and 140° 45' West longitude (Fig. 1). This Pacific group is the northernmost of the five archipelagos that make up French Polynesia and closest to the equator. Situated about 5,000 km from the continents, 4,000 km from the Hawaiian Islands and 1,400 km from Tahiti (Society Islands), the Marquesas 2 | Faunistic Studies in SE Asian and Pacific Island Odonata 18 Odonata from Marquesas and Tahiti islands Figure 1. Geographic position of the island of Nuku Hiva and other Marquesas Is­ lands. Inlet – Nuku Hiva and other major islands within the Marquesas. archipelago is considered as one of the most distant from all continents and there­ fore the most isolated in the world. Three geographic and geological groups can be distinguished: northern group (Eiao, Hatu Tu or Hatu Taa, the sandy islet of Motu One and the benches Jean Goguet and Clark which are shoals located respectively 30 and 10 m deep), one Central group (Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Ua Huka, Motu Iti or Haut Iti) situated about 90 km from the northern group, and a southern group (Fatu Uku, Hiva Oa, Moho Tani, Fatu Iva Islet of Motu Nao, the Thomasset rochet, the Dumont Durville highland) located about 110 km from the central group. The largest islands in the archipelago, which are Nuku Hiva with 340 km2, and Hiva Oa with 315 km2, each represent only one third of the surface of Tahiti (1045 km2). The smaller ones include Motu One (0.5 km2), Motu Iti (0.8 km2), Fatu Uku (7.5 km2), Hatu Tu (7.5 km2) and Moho Tani (9 km2). Laurent (2016) identifies the climate on the Marquesas as low­moist tropical, an almost extra­tropical climate. Influenced by east trade winds and hot ocean waters, the average annual air temperature does not change much during the year and is usually between 25°C and 27°C. The rainfalls is mainly orographic. Annual precipi­ tation varies from 927 mm in Hakahau located in the north of the archipelago to 2,227 mm in Vaitahu at the southern end. The atmospheric and oceanic conditions of the Marquesas Island do not generate are adverse at the processes of deep convection, hence the region exhibits scarce cyclonic activity. However, exceptionally, cycloge­ nesis conditions can be observed, for example in 1982­1983, generating an intense tropical cyclone. Finally, the Marquesan seasonal cycle looks to be influenced by the Faunistic Studies in SE Asian and Pacific Island Odonata 18 | 3 Marinov, Fossati­Gaschignard & Schorr various phases of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and IPO (Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation). Keith & Sasal (2016) classify the rivers of the Marquesas into five zones according to the altitude and the speed of the current: ­ zone of the sources from 700 m, ­ superior course between 300 and 700 m, ­ average course between 100 and 300 m, ­ lower part of the rivers between 20 and 100 m, ­ lower course below 20 m. Their hydrology regime de­ pends largely on rainfalls and varies between years (Fossati et al. 1994). The material for this publication was sampled during the work on a programme to control the biting insect Simulium buissoni Roubaud, 1906 the results of which were reported in Fossati et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Societies Compendium a Compilation of Guidebook References and Cruising Reports
    The Societies Compendium A Compilation of Guidebook References and Cruising Reports Rev 2021.4 – 29 August 2021 Please send us updates to this guide! Keep the Societies Compendium alive by being a contributor. We are especially looking for information on places where we have no cruiser information, or new information on existing content. It’s easy to participate and will help many other cruisers for years to come. Email Soggy Paws at sherry –at- svsoggypaws –dot- com. You can also contact us on Sailmail at WDI5677 The current home (and the most up to date) version of this document is http://svsoggypaws.com/files/#frpoly If you found this Compendium posted elsewhere, it might not be the most current version. Please check the above site for the most up to date copy, and remember…it will always be free! Page 1 Revision Log Many thanks to all who have contributed over the years!! Rev Date Notes Info on anchoring cautions and restrictions in Raiatea from 2021.4 29 August 2021 Jaraman. A few updates on Moorea from Sugar Shack and Major Tom. 2021.3 23 July 2021 “Seniors” discount on Air Tahiti Updates on Raiatea from Trance. Updates from Ari B, and Grace of 2021.2 15 April 2021 Longstone 2021.1 04 January 2020 Updates from Chugach on Mopelia 2020.4 16 December 2020 Updates from Sugar Shack on Mo’orea 2020.3 08 November 2020 Updates from Uproar on Mopelia 2020.2 07 November 2020 Updates from Sugar Shack, Maple, and Baloo 2020.1 22 February 2020 Reorganization of compendium and updates from Sugar Shack 2019.3 28-July 2019 Updates from Sugar Shack and Cool Change Many updates from Moon Rebel, Bora Bora mooring update from 2019.2 06 June 2019 Nehenehe and Nor’Easter.
    [Show full text]
  • Marquesas Islands)
    Motu Iti (Marquesas Islands) The uninhabited island located 42 kilometers northwest of Nuku Hiva, the largest island in the Marquesas. In fact, there Motu Iti of several tiny islets, all rise from the same basaltic base. In the east, the 0.2 -acre main island still a 300 x 80 m measuring, upstream 76 m from the sea projecting rock humps and two smallest rocky reefs. The main island is 670 m long, 565 m wide and reaches a height of 220 meters, it is a geologically very young volcanic island, which consists mainly of basalt rocks. Because of the low geological age Motu Iti is not surrounded by a sea on the outstanding coral Motu Iti (sometimes also called Hatu Iti) is one of the northern Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia. Located west-northwest from Nuku Hiva, Motu Iti is the site of extensive seabird rookeries. Motu Iti is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Nuku-Hiva, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands. Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. Northern Marquesas: Eiao ⢠Hatutu ⢠Motu Iti ⢠Motu One ⢠Nuku Hiva ⢠Ua Huka ⢠Ua Pu. Southern Marquesas: Fatu Hiva ⢠Fatu Huku ⢠Hiva Oa ⢠Moho Tani ⢠Motu Nao ⢠Tahuata ⢠Terihi. Archipelagos of French Polynesia: Aust Motu Iti (Marquesas Islands). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the island in French Polonesia. For the islet off of Easter Island, see Motu Iti (Rapa Nui). Motu Iti. Motu Iti (sometimes also called Hatu Iti) is one of the northern Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Law of Thesea
    Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs Law of the Sea Bulletin No. 82 asdf United Nations New York, 2014 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Furthermore, publication in the Bulletin of information concerning developments relating to the law of the sea emanating from actions and decisions taken by States does not imply recognition by the United Nations of the validity of the actions and decisions in question. IF ANY MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE BULLETIN IS REPRODUCED IN PART OR IN WHOLE, DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SHOULD BE GIVEN. Copyright © United Nations, 2013 Page I. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA ......................................................... 1 Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, of the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the Convention and of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the Convention relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks ................................................................................................................ 1 1. Table recapitulating the status of the Convention and of the related Agreements, as at 31 July 2013 ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements, as at 31 July 2013 .......................................................................................... 9 a. The Convention ....................................................................................................................... 9 b.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising Guide Leeward Islands in French Polynesia
    Cruising Guide Leeward islands in French Polynesia Maeva ! Welcome aboard The Moorings Tahiti (+689) 66 35 93 www.moorings.fr Useful information 4 The Moorings itineraries 14 Summary Baggages......................................................................4 Moorings Itinerary 7 days ............................................15 Banks ..........................................................................4 Moorings Itinerary 10 days ..........................................15 Churches ......................................................................4 Moorings Itinerary 14 days ..........................................15 Communications ..........................................................4 Local Currency ..............................................................4 Emergency phone numbers....................................4 Arrival in Raiatea ..........................................................5 Fishing gear..................................................................5 Raiatea 16 Post Office ..................................................................5 Medical ........................................................................5 (R1) Marina Apooiti - Base Moorings ..........................16 Provisioning..................................................................5 (R20) Marina d’Uturoa ................................................16 Maeva Kayaks..........................................................................5 Uturoa........................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Web Supplement to “Ages of Seamounts, Islands and Plateaus on the Pacific Plate”, by Valérie Clouard & Alain Bonneville
    Web Supplement to “Ages of seamounts, islands and plateaus on the Pacific Plate”, by Valérie Clouard & Alain Bonneville Table 1 : Compilation of radiometric datings of seamounts and islands on the Pacific plate from 1645 samples. Data are sorted by chain, and further by island or seamount from south to north as this represents the general trend of Pacific plate motion since 120 Ma. Final sorting is according to the method used and the author. An average age, calculated by weighting each age by the inverse of its variance, is given when several ages have been determined for the same volcanic stage, by the same author, with the same method. In 2 this case the geographical coordinates are given only once for the line. The error associated with a mean age is calculated as 1/S(1/si ). TF denotes total fusion, IH step-heating or incremental heating, S age spectrum, I isochron, w whole rock, s single mineral. Long. E Latitude Age Error Average Average Name (island, seamount, Island or seamount Method Reference (degrees) (degrees) (Ma) (Ma) age (Ma) error plateau or sample) chain (Ma) 219.80 -29.00 0.00 0.00 Macdonald Austral observation (Johnson and Malahoff, 1971) 0.14 0.04 0.21 0.03 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 0.17 0.05 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 0.24 0.07 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 0.33 0.10 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 0.97 0.29 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 0.85 0.25 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 1.64 0.25 Macdonald Austral K/Ar (Diraison, 1991) 218.88 -28.76 29.21 0.61
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Geochemical Variability of Volcanic Products of The
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 98, NO. BI0, PAGES 17,649-17,665, OCTOBER 10, 1993 Temporaland GeochemicalVariability of VolcanicProducts of the MarquesasHotspot D. L. DESONIE1 AND R. A. DUNCAN Collegeof Oceanicand AtmosphericSciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis J. H. NATLAND 2 ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography,University of California,La Jolla The Marquesasarchipelago is a short,NW-SE trendingcluster of islandsand seamounts that formedas a result of volcanicactivity over a weak hotspot. This volcanicchain lies at the northernmargin of a broad regionof warm and compositionallydiverse mantle that meltsto build severalother subparallel volcanic lineaments.Basalts dredged from submergedportions of volcanoesalong the Marquesaslineament decrease in age from northwestto southeast.The new sampleage distributionyields a volcanicmigration rate significantlyslower than that expectedfor Pacificplate motion over a stationaryMarquesas hotspot. This and the aberrantorientation of the chain indicate deflectionof the plume by westwardupper mantle flow. The interactionof this weak plumewith uppermantle flow accountsfor the temporaland spatialpatterns in Marquesanvolcanism. The compositionsof subaerialand submarine basalts reflect the mixingof at least two mantle sources,distinguished by Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopeand trace elementcompositions. There is a consistentevolutionary pattern at each volcano,from early tholeiitic to later alkalic basalt eruptions. Tholeiitic and transitionallava compositionscan be derivedby variabledegrees of partial
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising Guide Leeward Islands French Polynesia
    Cruising guide Leeward Islands French Polynesia Maeva ! Welcome onboard 1 Useful informations 4 Itineraries 14 Contents Luggage ......................................................................4 One week………………… ………..................................15 Banks…. .....................................................................4 10 days…………………..…….........................................15 Religion.......................................................................4 2 weeks……………………………...................................15 Communication...........................................................4 Money.. .......................................................................4 Emergency………......................................................4 Arrival …………... .....................................................5 Fishing gear………......................................................5 Raiatea 16 Post office ...................................................................5 (R1)Apooiti Marina - Raiatea base.. ..............................16 Health...........................................................................5 (R20) Uturoa Marina.. .....................................................16 Provisioning…………….............................................5 Uturoa...............................................................................17 Kayaks..........................................................................5 Uturoa south east…. ........................................................17 Snorkeling…………………........................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Young Tracks of Hotspots and Current Plate Velocities
    Geophys. J. Int. (2002) 150, 321–361 Young tracks of hotspots and current plate velocities Alice E. Gripp1,∗ and Richard G. Gordon2 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA 2Department of Earth Science MS-126, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 2001 October 5. Received 2001 October 5; in original form 2000 December 20 SUMMARY Plate motions relative to the hotspots over the past 4 to 7 Myr are investigated with a goal of determining the shortest time interval over which reliable volcanic propagation rates and segment trends can be estimated. The rate and trend uncertainties are objectively determined from the dispersion of volcano age and of volcano location and are used to test the mutual consistency of the trends and rates. Ten hotspot data sets are constructed from overlapping time intervals with various durations and starting times. Our preferred hotspot data set, HS3, consists of two volcanic propagation rates and eleven segment trends from four plates. It averages plate motion over the past ≈5.8 Myr, which is almost twice the length of time (3.2 Myr) over which the NUVEL-1A global set of relative plate angular velocities is estimated. HS3-NUVEL1A, our preferred set of angular velocities of 15 plates relative to the hotspots, was constructed from the HS3 data set while constraining the relative plate angular velocities to consistency with NUVEL-1A. No hotspots are in significant relative motion, but the 95 per cent confidence limit on motion is typically ±20 to ±40 km Myr−1 and ranges up to ±145 km Myr−1.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanic Successions in Marquesas Eruptive Centers: a Departure from the Hawaiian Model Hervé Guillou, René C
    Volcanic successions in Marquesas eruptive centers: A departure from the Hawaiian model Hervé Guillou, René C. Maury, Gérard Guille, Catherine Chauvel, Philippe Rossi, Carlos Pallares, Christelle Legendre, Sylvain Blais, Céline Liorzou, Sébastien Deroussi To cite this version: Hervé Guillou, René C. Maury, Gérard Guille, Catherine Chauvel, Philippe Rossi, et al.. Volcanic suc- cessions in Marquesas eruptive centers: A departure from the Hawaiian model. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Elsevier, 2014, 276, pp.173-188. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.12.003. insu- 00933782 HAL Id: insu-00933782 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00933782 Submitted on 25 Feb 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 Volcanic successions in Marquesas eruptive centers: A departure 2 from the Hawaiian model 3 Hervé Guillou a*, René C. Maury b, Gérard Guille c, Catherine Chauvel d,e, Philippe Rossi f, Carlos 4 Pallares b,g, Christelle Legendre b, Sylvain Blais h, Céline Liorzou b, Sébastien Deroussi i 5 6 aUMR 8212 LSCE-IPSL/CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Domaine du CNRS, 12 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif- 7 sur-Yvette, France 8 bUniversité de Brest; Université Européenne de Bretagne, CNRS; UMR 6538 Domaines Océaniques; 9 Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Place N.
    [Show full text]
  • Marquises, Hiva Oa, Tahuata Et Fatuiva
    Origine du guide Ce petit guide floristique porte sur les trois îles habitées du groupe Sud de l’archipel des Marquises, Hiva Oa, Tahuata et Fatuiva. Les informations présentées proviennent à la fois de l’analyse de la bibliographie botanique existante mais également de prospections de terrain initiées par la Direction de l’Environnement (DIREN) et l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Ce guide est téléchargeable gratuitement au format pdf sur le site internet de la DIREN : www.environnement.pf Présentation des fiches Ce guide présente 248 espèces végétales se dévelop- pant sur les îles de Hiva Oa, Tahuata et Fatuiva. Il s’agit de la quasi-totalité des plantes reconnues et nommées par les habitants de ces trois îles. Parmi ces 248 espèces, 101 sont des plantes indigènes, 65 sont des introductions polynésiennes et 82 sont des introductions modernes. Les espèces, ou plutôt taxons, sont présentées par ordre alphabétique de leurs noms scientifiques au sein de cinq groupes constitués par les types biolo- giques : arbres, arbustes et arbrisseaux, fougères, herbacées, lianes. Pour chaque taxon, outre son nom scientifique accepté, est indiquée sa famille botanique d’appar tenance. Le statut biogéographique est également précisé : espèces indigènes non introduites par l’homme, introductions polynésiennes implantées lors des Marquises Sud - Guide floristique 1 Hatutaa Motu One Eiao Hatu Iti Nuku Hiva Ua Huka Ua Pou Fatu Uku Hiva Oa Tahuata Mohotani Motu Nao Fatuiva migrations polynésiennes près d’un millier d’années auparavant et introductions modernes importées depuis la redécouverte euro- péenne, essentiellement depuis la fin du xviiie siècle. Parmi les espèces indigènes, le niveau d’endémisme est, le cas échéant, indi- qué : espèces endémiques d’une île, d’un archipel, de Polynésie française ou de Polynésie orientale.
    [Show full text]
  • Law of the Sea
    Bulletin No. 101 Law of the Sea Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs Law of the Sea Bulletin No. 101 United Nations New York, 2020 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or bound- aries. The texts of treaties and national legislation contained in theBulletin are reproduced as submitted to the Secretariat, without formal editing. Furthermore, publication in the Bulletin of information concerning developments relating to the law of the sea emanating from actions and decisions taken by States does not imply recognition by the United Nations of the validity of the actions and decisions in question. United Nations publication ISBN 978-92-1-130387-2 eISBN 978-92-1-004316-8 ISSN 1015-1885 eISSN 2218-6018 Copyright © United Nations, 2020 All rights reserved Printed at the United Nations, New York CONTENTS I. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, of the Agreement relating tothe Implementation of Part XI of the Convention and of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the Convention relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, as at 30 November 2019 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Patrimoine Naturel
    4 LE PATRIMOINE NATUREL Chapitre rédigé en collaboration avec Frédéric Jacq et Thibault Ramage 89 4 LE PATRIMOINE NATUREL Dans la majorité des groupes, les affinités du mondial (Hawaii arrivant en première place avec 89 %) peuplement s’établissent avec la région orientale et dépasse celui des îles Galapagos et des Fidji (Océan indo- malaise. En raison de son éloignement à l’est Pacifique), ou des Mascareignes (Océan Indien). du Pacifique, qui limite la dispersion des espèces par les courants marins, aériens, ou par les animaux, la L’avifaune a des caractères originaux et une grande Polynésie est, dans tous les groupes, moins riche en richesse en formes endémiques (86 % pour l’avifaune espèces que les zones situées plus à l’ouest, dont elles terrestre) et en espèces d’oiseaux de mer. La Polynésie, sont issues. sur ce plan, constitue l’une des régions insulaires les plus intéressantes. Parmi les autres groupes, les Mais l’isolement géographique des îles, situées à mollusques terrestres et les arthropodes représentés près de 6 000 km des masses continentales les plus par des genres endémiques, sont également très proches, leur regroupement en archipels inégalement intéressants sur le plan biogéographique. éloignés, éclatés sur plus de 5 millions de km² d’océan, sur 21° de longitude et 20° de latitude, ainsi que la Pour ce qui concerne les espèces marines, la richesse diversité des biotopes font de la Polynésie un territoire et l’endémisme sont faibles : la Polynésie française fait d’intérêt majeur sur le plan biogéographique et sur le partie de la province biogéographique Indo-Pacifique, plan de l’évolution.
    [Show full text]