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Richard Aldington: a Biography RICHARD ALDINGTON:A BIOGRAPHY Also by Charles Doyle JAMES K. BAXTER WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: THE CRITICAL HERITAGE (editor) *WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS AND THE AMERICAN POEM WALLACE STEVENS: THE CRITICAL HERITAGE (editor) *Also published by Palgrave Macmillan Richard Aldington: A Biography CHARLES DOYLE M MACMILLAN © Charles Doyle 1989 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1989 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terns of any license permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published in 1989 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Doyle, Charles, 1928- Richard Aldington: a biography. 1. English literature. Aldington, Richard, 1892-1962 I. Title 828' .91209 ISI3N 978-1-349-10226-6 ISBN 978-1-349-10224-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10224-2 To Alister Kershaw Contents Listof Illustrations ix Acknowledgements Xl Introduction xiii 1 Chrysalis, 1892-1911 1 2 Pound and H. D., 1912-13 13 3 Egoists, 1914 26 4 Images, Lost and Found, 1915-16 38 5 War, 1916-18 54 6 Aftermaths, 1919-20 68 7 Malthouse Cottage: Working at the Writer's Trade, 1921-25 77 8 Malthouse Cottage: Eliot, 1919-27 90 9 Malthouse Cottage: The Late 1920s, 1926-28 106 10 Port-Cros and After, 1928-29 119 11 A Careeras a Novelist, 1929-31 138 12 1931-33 151 13 1933--36 164 14 1937-38 177 15 Farewell to Europe, 1939-40 191 16 1941-42 206 17 1943--46 215 18 1946-50 230 19 1950-54 245 20 TheT. E. Lawrence Affair, 1950-55 261 21 1954-57 275 vii viii Contents 22 Maison Salle, 1957-59 289 23 1959-61 300 24 1962 313 Notes 326 Bibliography 355 Index 370 • List of Illustrations 1. Richard Aldington in 1905. (Estate of Margery Lyon Gilbert.) 2. Richard Aldington aged 19, 1911. (Morris Library, Southern Illinois University.) 3. Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) in 1913. (Beinecke Library, Yale University.) 4. A group of fellow-poets visit Wilfred Scawen Blunt, January 1914. (Courtesy of the Rt. Hon. Earl of Lytton, aBE.) 5. A multiple photograph of Dorothy (Arabella) Yorke. (Estate of Professor Alfred Satterthwaite.) 6. Richard Aldington as an army officer, 1918. (Beinecke Library.) 7. D. H. Lawrence's portrait painting of Dorothy Yorke. (Beinecke Library.) 8. Brigit Patmore as a young woman. (Estate of Professor Alfred Satterthwaite.) 9. Osbert Sitwell and Richard Aldington in the gardens at Montegufoni. (Morris Library.) 10. Richard Aldington, by Man Ray, late 1920s. (Beinecke Library.) 11. Richard Aldington, photograph taken for a Harrod's window display in the late 1920s. (Vaughan and Freeman photo. Estate of Margery Lyon Gilbert.) 12. Richard Aldington (photograph by Madam Yevonde). According to Brigit Patmore, this was taken shortly after publication of Death of a Hero in 1929. 13. Aldington and Brigit Patmore in the South of France, early 1930s. (From Brigit Patmore's My Friends When Young.) 14. Richard and Netta Aldington in the late 1930s. (Courtesy of Catherine Aldington Guillaume.) 15. Richard and Netta Aldington in the early 1940s. (Beinecke Library.) 16. Henry Williamson and Alister Kershaw, 1949. (Courtesy of Alister Kershaw.) 17. Aldington in Montpellier, 1955. (Courtesy of F.-J. Temple.) 18. H.D. in 1956. (Beinecke Library.) 19. Richard Aldington, Lawrence Durrell, Henry Miller and Jacques Temple. (Courtesy of F.-J. Temple.) ix x 20. Aldington with his daughter Catherine in Leningrad, lateJune 1962. (Courtesy of Catherine Aldington Guillaume.) 21. Aldington and Catherine in the gardens of Petrodvorets, 1962. (Courtesy of Catherine Aldington Guillaume.) 22. Aldington broadcasting in Russia, 1962. (Courtesy of Cather­ ine Aldington Guillaume.) 23. At Valentin Kataev's dacha, at Peredelkino near Moscow. Kataev is on the left, Aldington next to him, Catherine in the centre. (Courtesy of Catherine Aldington Guillaume.) 24. Aldington with a group of his Maison Salle neighbours, 1962. (Courtesy of Catherine Aldington Guillaume.) Acknowledgements Special thanks to Alister Kershaw, Literary Executor of the Estate of Richard Aldington, for his assistance and for giving me the opportunity to write this book. Particularthanks for theirassistance to Dr Norman T. Gates, most devoted of Aldington scholars, and to Mr David Wilkinson, author of a valuable unpublished study of the context of Aldington's life in Berkshire in the 1920s. Grateful acknowledgements to: the Morris Library, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; Mr Donald Gallup, former curator, Mr Louis Silverstein and Miss Marjorie Wynne, Research Librarian of the American Literature Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale University; the McPherson Library, University of Victoria; the Manuscript Division, the British Library; Mrs Ellen Dunlap andthe Humanities Research Center, University of Texas; Dr Lola Szladits, Curator, and the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Houghton Library, Harvard University; the National Library of Australia, Canberra; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the University of Chicago Library, Dergenstein Collec­ tion; University of Arkansas Library; Library of the University of California, Los Angeles; University of Illinois Library; University of Iowa Libraries; University of London Library; University of Toronto Library; The All-Union State Library of Foreign Literature, Moscow; The Foreign Commission, Soviet Writers' Un ion, Moscow; Copyright Agency of the USSR, Moscow; Lockwood Memorial Library, State University of New York at Buffalo; Dartmouth College Library; University of Reading Library; the Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Boston University Library; Cornell University Library; Temple University Library; Princeton University Library; India University Library; New York University Library; Mr Roger Smith and William Heinemann Ltd ; Mr Mark Bonham-Carter and William Collins & Sons; Chatto & Windus Ltd ; New Directions Publishing Corporation; the Viking Press; Antony Alpers; the late Mrs Netta Aldington; John Arlott; Robin Ancrum; Professor Helen Bacon ; the late Dr Miriam Benkovitz; Professor Peter Buitenhuis; ProfessorFred D. Crawford; the late W. Denison Deasey; Lawrence Durrell; Mrs T. S. Eliot ; Constantine Fitzgibbon; C. J. Fox; Mrs Catherine Aldington Guillaume; Mrs Eunice Gluckman; James Hanley; the late Dr xi xii Acknowledgements Selwyn Kittredge; Lady Kathleen Liddell Hart; the late Mrs Margery Lyon Gilbert; Professor Frank McShane; Lawrence Miller; the late Professor Harry T. Moore; Malcolm Muggeridge; Michael Patmore; Dr Lawrence Clark Powell; Benedict Read ; the late Professor Alfred W.Satterthwaite; Mrs Perdita Schaffner; the late C. P. Snow (Lord Snow); Philip Snow; the late Vernon Sternberg; M. F-J. Temple; Professor Mikhail Urnov and Mr Eric Warman. Special thanks are due to Sue Mitchell for typing the manuscript. Introduction 'A writer of great gifts'-thus Richard Aldington, poet, editor, translator, critic, novelist and biographer, was adjudged by C. P. Snow in the late 1930s.1 'No one can read him for ten minutes without feeling a glow of power and vitality.' A quarter of a century later, after Aldington's death and notlong before his own, T. S. Eliot told a correspondent that 'something more permanent and extensive should be written about Richard Aldington, whose place in the literary world of my time in London is or ought to be secure'? Shortly thereafter, in an obituary notice on Aldington, Eliot said: 'We were on the same side for a long time and I was the first to give offence, although unintentionally .. .,3 Snow, too, had more to say about Aldington, in the middle of a 1966 essay on Stalin: 'There was a break in our friendship because, without doing anything at all or saying a word, I found that I was part of a conspiracy against him. We were, I am glad to say, reconciled before he died'." At different times Eliot and Snow were good, even close, friends of Aldington. Both are on record as perceiving in him a brilliant but difficult individual. From the mid-1950s until recently Aldington has been almost forgotten in the United States while in Britain a not clearly deserved reputation for making virulent and intemperate ad hominem attacks has largely overborne any sense of his considerable literary merits. But there are signs of a revival of interest in Aldington's life and work. In 1975 the New York Public Library published his letters to the scholarAlan Bird, which focus largely on the research done for Aldington's biography of Lawrence of Arabia": in 1981 the Viking Press published his correspondence with Lawrence Durrell." At present a 'Selected letters' is in preparation and a volume of Aldington's correspondence with Pound. Aldington's earliest literary avocation was as a poet. By the time he was 19 he had experimented successfully with free verse. He deserves an honourable place as an innovator in this medium. Besides being one of the official founders of Imagism in 1912, once the Poundian phase of the Imagist movement got under way Aldington was the most effective English Imagist. Through his
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