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Ornitologia E Conservação Da Ciência Às Estratégias

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Ornitologia E Conservação Da Ciência Às Estratégias ORNITOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA ÀS ESTRATÉGIAS Apoio: ORNITOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA ÀS ESTRATÉGIAS EDITORES: JORGE L. B. ALBUQUERQUE JOSÉ FLAVIO CÂNDIDO JR. FERNANDO C. STRAUBE ANDREI LANGELOH ROOS Tubarão - SC 2001 Unisul - Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina Editora Unisul Diretor: Eduardo Búrigo de Carvalho Editor gráfico: Barcelos de Souza Suporte Técnico: Fábio Bitencourt Cadorin Taciana Medeiros Bonetti e-mail: [email protected] Capa e projeto gráfico: Barcelos de Souza Foto da capa: Luiz dos Anjos Ilustração da capa: Eduardo Parentoni Brettas Tucano-de-bico-preto (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) www.avesdobrasil.com.br Ficha Catalográfica Ornitologia e conservação : da ciência às estratégias / O74 Editado por Jorge Luiz Berger Albuquerque... [et al.].-- Tubarão : Editora Unisul, 2001. 344 p. ; 27 cm ISBN 85-86870-13-7 1. Ornitologia. 2. Zoologia. 3. Aves. I. Albuquerque, Jorge Luiz Berger CDD 598 Elaborada pela Biblioteca Universitária da Unisul Todos os direitos reservados à SBO - Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia O conteúdo dos artigos é de responsabilidade dos seus respectivos autores. Sumário Apresentação 9 As contribuições de Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki à história natural e conservação das aves brasileiras 11 José Flávio Cândido Jr. José Fernando Pacheco Jorge L. B. Albuquerque Comunidades de aves florestais: implicações na conservação 17 Luiz dos Anjos Os bandos mistos de aves nas florestas neotropicais 39 Pedro Ferreira Develey A conservação das aves frugívoras 49 Marco A. Pizo Estudos de ecologia de aves na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro 61 Maria Alice dos Santos Alves Birds of a central São Paulo woodlot: 3. banded species 69 Edwin O. Willis Yoshika Oniki Birds of a central São Paulo woodlot: 4. morphometrics, cloacal temperatures, molt and incubation patch 93 Yoshika Oniki Edwin O. Willis Deslocamentos de aves entre capões no Pantanal Mato-grossense e sua relação com a dieta 103 Regina de Souza Yabe Eliézer José Marques Bird movement between natural forest patches in southeast Brazil 125 Renata Dornelas de Andrade Miguel Ângelo Marini Distribuição e conservação da avifauna florestal na Serra dos Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil 137 Giovanni N. Maurício Rafael A. Dias Alterações ambientais antrópicas sobre a avifauna na Amazônia: o caso de Rondônia 159 José Flávio Cândido Júnior A test for preadaptation to human disturbances in the bird community of the Atlantic Forest 179 Jorge J. Protomastro Conservação da avifauna da Floresta Atlântica: efeitos da fragmentação e a importância de florestas secundárias 199 Alexandre Aleixo Building human resources for conservation on the tropical forest frontier: an example from Guatemala's Maya Forest 207 David F. Whitacre William A. Burnham Análise do conhecimento ornitológico da região noroeste do Paraná e áreas adjacentes 223 Fernando Costa Straube Alberto Urben-Filho Programa de áreas importantes para a conservação das aves (IBAs) - uma estratégia global da BirdLife International 231 Jaqueline M. Goerck Genética e evolução aplicadas à conservação 239 Cristina Yumi Miyaki Taxonomia alfa de aves neotropicais 249 Marcos A. Raposo A lista de aves do Espírito Santo de Augusto Ruschi (1953): uma análise crítica 261 José Fernando Pacheco Claudia Bauer Correção política e biodiversidade: a crescente ameaça das "populações tradicionais" à Mata Atlântica 279 Fábio Olmos Jorge L. B. Albuquerque Mauro Galetti Miguel Serediuk Milano Ibsen de Gusmão Câmara Adelmar F. Coimbra-Filho José Fernando Pacheco Carlos Gabaglia Pena Thales R. O. Freitas Marco A. Pizo Alexandre Aleixo A dieta de Sula leucogaster, Anous stolidus e Anous minutus no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil 313 Rejane Both Thales R. O. de Freitas A pesca com espinhéis e a mortalidade de aves marinhas no Brasil 327 Fábio Olmos Tatiana S. Neves Gastão C. Bastos As contribuições de Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki à história natural e conservação das aves brasileiras 8 Ornitologia e Conservação: da Ciência às Estratégias As contribuições de Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki à história natural e conservação das aves brasileiras Apresentação Quando organizamos o VIII Congresso pessoal dos autores em enviarem os textos. O de Ornitologia Brasileiro em Florianópolis, resultado que temos em mãos foi uma pensamos que o evento deveria ter um tema coletânea de capítulos sobre aves florestais, que norteasse sua atuação. A Biologia da técnicas moleculares aplicadas a Biologia da Conservação é uma disciplina que cresce em Conservação e sobre as aves marinhas. respeito por parte dos investigadores e Esperamos que vocês aproveitem o livro e o legisladores devido à sua interdisciplinaridade. divulguem entre seus colegas, alunos e demais Escolhemos então como tema para o congresso interessados. Ornitologia e Conservação: da Ciência às Agradecemos a Alexandre Aleixo, Estratégias. A idéia foi de tentarmos reunir um Andréas Kindel, Fabio Olmos, José Fernando grupo de palestrantes que apresentasse suas Pacheco, Maria Alice S. Alves, Edwin Willis idéias baseadas nos resultados de suas pesquisas pela revisão de alguns dos textos submetidos à dentro do lema do congresso. Muitos dos edição neste livro. Agradecemos em especial capítulos neste livro foram derivados das a Marco A. Pizzo, Luiz dos Anjos que revisaram palestras proferidas durante o VIIICBO em muitos dos textos recebidos. Graças aos Florianópolis em julho de 2000. Durante o revisores o nível técnico deste livro ficou muito processo da edição do livro vislumbramos uma bom. Agradecemos ao fotógrafo Edson Endrigo possibilidade impar – a de convidar outros pelo uso da imagem do Pica-pau-anão. Luiz investigadores que tivessem linhas de pesquisa dos Anjos cedeu as imagens dos fragmentos dentro do tema do congresso, mas que não usados em nossa capa. Agradecemos ao apresentaram palestras, ou que apresentaram Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento resumos. Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pelo auxilio O programa do VIIICBO previa seções financeiro para a realização do VIIICBO e com o tema do congresso aplicado a aves de parte dos custos da publicação deste livro. rapina, aves marinhas, aves florestais e o uso Somos gratos à Diretoria de Pesquisa da de técnicas oriundas da Genética de Unisul, a Editora Unisul e a todos os membros Populações na conservação de aves. O nosso da Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia que livro não contou com capítulos sobre as aves participaram no VIIICBO, ou que atenderam de rapina devido à impossibilidade de ordem a nossa promoção na venda deste livro. Os Editores Tubarão, maio de 2001 9 Ornitologia e Conservação: da Ciência às Estratégias Birds of a central São Paulo woodlot: 3. banded species 10 Ornitologia e Conservação: da Ciência às Estratégias As contribuições de Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki à história natural e conservação das aves brasileiras As contribuições de Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki à história natural e conservação das aves brasileiras José Flávio Cândido Jr.1 José Fernando Pacheco2 Jorge L.B. Albuquerque3 A cena é impressionante, embora seja de dezenas de artigos onde se descreve com certo modo familiar para qualquer um que notável clareza essa complexa relação entre tenha passado algum tempo dentro de nossas formigas e aves. Entre esses artigos, três matas. No início, tem-se a sensação de que merecem destaque, um deles o primeiro artigo algo mudou. Talvez um silêncio súbito, talvez assinado feito a quatro mãos pelo casal (Oniki uma mudança no ritmo. A seguir, observam-se e Willis 1972), outro (Willis e Oniki 1978) que pequenos insetos e outros animais saindo de é uma síntese publicada no Annual Review of debaixo das folhas, de tocas e frestas e Ecology and Systematics e que constitui um iniciando uma fuga. E então elas surgem: marco referencial sobre o assunto, e o terceiro milhares de formigas, as chamadas formigas- é um artigo de divulgação (Willis e Oniki de-correição, formando uma coluna e caçando 1988b) que é considerado por muitos o melhor esses animais, numa velocidade e voracidade feito no Brasil sobre o tema. que fascinam o observador. A importância do casal Edwin Willis e Talvez pelo fascínio despertado pela cena Yoshika Oniki sobre o relacionamento aves/ principal, poucas pessoas notem uma cena formigas-de-correição é tanta que quando um paralela ocorrendo nas proximidades. São aves pesquisador observa algum fato – para ele novo agitadas, vocalizando, saltitando nas – sobre o assunto, muitas vezes a primeira proximidades da coluna de formigas, também pergunta que ele se faz é: “Será que os Willis elas capturando ativamente os insetos em fuga. registraram isso?” E, na maioria das vezes, Dentre essas poucas pessoas, em sua maioria descobre mais tarde que sim. ornitólogos profissionais ou observadores de Embora qualquer pesquisador ficasse aves, uma dedicou e tem dedicado bastante satisfeito e orgulhoso da sua produção tempo ao estudo sistemático e detalhado desses científica caso ela abrangesse somente as aves eventos, o Prof. Dr. Edwin O. Willis. Em e formigas-de-correição, a contribuição do qualquer instância onde se mencione as casal Edwin Willis e Yoshika Oniki é muito formigas-de- correição o nome do Prof. Willis maior e mais ampla que isso. Desde a primeira merece destaque e reverência. Desde o seu nota publicada (Willis 1949), o prof. Willis tem primeiro artigo publicado sobre o assunto demonstrado grande preocupação e interesse (Willis, 1966), hoje considerado clássico, até na história natural, no comportamento, o mais recente (Willis e Oniki 1992), distribuição e ecologia de aves e na Biologia publicado com sua esposa,
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