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Jewel Mirror Samadhi Translation Study

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Jewel Mirror Samadhi Translation Study JEWEL MIRROR SAMADHI TRANSLATION STUDY INTRODUCTION The Jewel Mirror Samadhi is an important Zen poem chanted as a sutra in Soto Zen monasteries. It is usually attributed to Dongshan Liangjie 洞山良价– “Cave Mountain Good Servant” (Tozan Ryokai, 807-869). He is the 38th ancestor in the Soto lineage, in the 10th generation after Bodhidharma. He is also known as Wu-pen Ta-shih (Gohon Daishi 悟本大師) – his posthumous title. He was a contemporary of Linji Yixuan (Rinzai Gigen, d.866). His sayings and teachings were compiled in the Tung-shan Ch'an-shih Liang-chieh Yü-lu (Tõzan Ryõkai Zenji Goroku 洞山良价禪師語録). He also originated the teaching of the five positions (or ranks) (五位) which are still studied as a set of koans in Rinzai Zen (but they do not chant the Jewel Mirror Samadhi in Rinzai monasteries). He succeeded to Yunyan Tansheng (Ungan Donjo, 780-841). Before training with Yunyan, he praciticed under Nanquan Puyuan and Guishan Lingyu. When he was about 50, he became abbot of a monastery on Mt. Xinfeng. Later he taught on Dongshan (in Kiangsi). Dongshan’s most notable disciples were Caoshan (曹山)Benji (840-901) and Yunju Daoying (Ungo Doyo, d. 902). The Cao-Dong house of Chan (the Soto Zen school in Japan) derives its name from the Cao (曹) of Caoshan and the Dong (洞) of Dongshan (thus Soto Zen = 曹洞禅) (although some have argued that the Cao comes from the Cao of Caoxi which refers to the 6th ancestor Dajian Huineng (Daikan Eno, 638-713) - Caoxi creek ran behind his temple. Also note (From the Book of Serenity, commentary to case 52): “To emulate Caoqi, wherever he lived, the master (Caoshan) named the place Cao. The school of Dongshan became most flourishing with Caoshan; therefore it was called Cao-Dong.”). Caoshan was esteemed for his teachings, especially concerning the five posiions, but all current Cao-Dong/Soto lineages trace back to Yunju. Yunju is said to have received the true essence of Dongshan's Dharma, but not his teaching on the Five Ranks. The Song of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi consists of 94 lines of 4 characters each (376 characters total) (arranged into 47 couplets here). It is a song in which the end of each couplet rhymes with all the others - its rhyme scheme would be represented as: AAAAAA etc. (the last syllable of each couplet has an “u” sound). (For comparison, the Sandokai consists of 44 lines of 5 characters each and the poems in the Book of Serenity are usually 4 or 8 lines with 7 characters per line). The parallel manner in which a number of the lines are constructed is helpful in discerning the meaning as the exact relationship between the terms and characters is often unstated. This appears in: C3, C4, C6, C9, C13, C15, C19, C20, C22, C26, C37, C38/C39, C42, C44, C45 (and C31?). With significant overlap of ideas and images, the Song of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi seems in part to be based on the Sandokai (see C1,3,4,5,9,18,24,28,29,38-39,41,47 and the complete text in Chinese with English translation in the end materials). Table Key: Asterisk = variant kanji in notes (see Supplement section 2) Couplet Number (end of line only) Chinese character Chinese pronunciation of the character 付* C1 in Pinyin – see pronunciation guide (in Matthews’ Chinese English fu4 end materials). Dictionary lookup number M1917 N363 give, deliver, pay, hand over Nelson’s Japanese-English Dictionary lookup number Possible meanings, from various sources, including: Matthews, Soothill (Sp.# = page number in Soothill (A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms)), Cquicktrans (character lookup software), Hokkyo Zammai Study Guide and in consultation with Eric Greene. Some of the meanings listed will be irrelevant because of context (which have sometimes been bracketed). An arrow Æ is used in some cases following a literal reading of a character and pointing to meanings that grew out of the root meaning. Other places where the character appears in the Jewel Mirror Samadhi are indicated by: “(also in C…)” 1 寶 Bao3 鏡 Jing4 三 San1 昧 Mei4 歌 Ge1 M4956 N1347 M1137 N4912 M5415 N8 M4411 N2113 M3364 N2422 Treasure, precious, rare, Mirror, lens, glass, Three Obscure, dark, darken Song, lyrics, sing, chant jewel, valuable (also in glasses (also in C12) Samadhi (see below) (also in C42) C12, 38) JT: Japanese translation: 寶鏡三昧歌 (sometimes: 宝鏡三昧) Notes: (the abbreviations used JR: Romaji of Japanese translation: Hokyo Zanmaika here are as indicated in the CT: Cleary, Timeless Spring: Song of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi (In an unpublished form, it was translation comparison field) enititled: “Song of the Jewel Mirror Awareness”) On 寶 - 大雄寶殿 – CF: Cleary, Five Houses of Zen: Song of Focusing the Precious Mirror Great Hero Treasure Shrine is the CL: Luk, Chan and Zen Teaching Vol II: Seal of the Precious Mirror Samadhi name of the Buddha Hall in FW: Fronsdal and Weitsman, unpublished translation: Song of the Bright Mirror Samadhi Chinese monastaries. (Also note: HJ: Graham Healey & Shindo Gensho (Richard Jones): Treasure-Mirror Samadhi 宝 is an alternate form of this JC: JC Cleary: Diamond Mirror samadhi character.) NF: Norman Fischer: Notes toward a possible translation draft of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi (1995?) Samadhi Æ awareness, RB: Blythe, Zen and Zen Classics, Vol II: The Treasure-Mirror of Heavenly Bliss concentration, meditation, trance, RM: Reiho Masunaga: Hokyozammai(probably the first published English translation) absorbtion, putting together, SA: Kennett, Zen is Eternal Life: The Most Excellent Mirror-Samadhi composing the mind, intent SY: Sheng-yen, The Infinite Mirror: Song of the Precious Mirror Samadhi contemplation, perfect TH: Kaz Tanahashi and Joan Halifax: Song of the Jewel Mirror Awareness. absorption, union of the meditator TN: Toshu Neatrour; Sheng-yen; Kaz Tanahashi online at www.sacred- with the object of meditation, texts.com/bud/zen/hz/ha.htm: The Song of the Jeweled Mirror Samadhi 定 TP: Soto Zen Text Project Translation, Soto Zen Sutra Book: Precious Mirror Samadhi interpreted by (decide, settle, TS: Tanahashi and Schneider: Song of the Bright Mirror Samadhi fix) - the mind fixed and WP: Powell: Jewel Mirror Samadhi undisturbed. “It may pass from ZC: New ZC Version (as of 2004): Song of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi abstraction to ecstasy, or rapture, Translations for certain verses only: or trance.” Dhyana represents a AV: Alfonso Verdu, from Dialectical Aspects in Buddhist Thought - C18-20. simpler form of contemplation. CC: Chang Chung-Yuan, “Samadhi as Reflection from the Precious Mirror” – C3-4, 42-43 “When the mind has been CW: Clouds in Water Liturgy: Song of the Jewel Mirror Samadhi - concentrated, the will is C4,C6,C9,C21,C24,C27,C28,C47. undivded.” Sp.66. (See also the JW: John Wu – C24, 30, 46. section on Samadhi in the TO: From www.theosophy.org, by “Hermes,” 1988 – C3, C4, C42 and C43. supplemental materials at the WL: Whalen Lai: Sinitic Mandalas: The Wu-wei-t’u Of Tsao-shan: Samadhi Song of the Treasure end) or Jewelled Mirror - C18-C20. The only other teaching of ZC2002: The version chanted at SFZC 2002-2003, it is only quoted where it diverges from the TP: Dongshan concerning Samadhi is Soto Zen Text Project Translation above – C18, C21, C39, C47 found in section 61 of the Record ZS: Victor Sōgen Hori, Zen Sand: The Book of Phrases for Koan Practice. With the citation number of Dongshan (WP pg.45): After - C3, C9, C16, C46. Ch’in-shan had been doing sitting (Sources for the translation comparison section are listed after the abbreviations on this page only) meditation together with Yen- Notes and commentary only: t’ou and Hsueh-feng, the Master (Quotes and summaries from other sources also appear in the notes and commentary field.) brought them tea. However, GI: From www.gileht.com. (Gileht’s extensive website has a Madyamaka focus and he probably Ch’in-shan had closed his eyes. overreads Madhyamaka teachings into the Jewel Mirror Samadhi in his comments. He also sees a “Where did you go?” asked the kind of sub-theme of esoteric Buddhism. Some of his comments have been included here (C7, 10, Master. “I entered samadhi,” said 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 42, 45, 46, 47).) Ch’in-shan. “Samadhi has no MW: (Mel Weitsman) From a class on the Precious Mirror Samadhi at Berkeley Zen Center by entrance. Where did you enter Sojun Mel Weitsman in the Fall of ‘99 (tapes & handouts available at the BZC library)(notes from?” asked the Master. (Also included here do not represent word-by-word transcriptions). see the Nagarjuna quote in the NH: Nan Huai-Chin. Working Toward Enlightenment, (JC Cleary trans) Samuel Weiser, Inc 1993 notes on the fire simile in C7) (C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7,C8,C9,C10,C13,C18,C19,C22,C23,C47) WP: The “jewel mirror” is an RA: Tenshin Reb Anderson – comments collected from various talks 1994-2003.(title, C2, C5, C6, image that appears frequently in C18, C19, C21, C34, C47) Buddhist literature; it can be RS: Robert Sharf, Coming to Terms with Chinese Buddhism, A Reading of the Treasure Store found, for example, in the Ta- Treatise. University of Hawaii Press, 2002 (title, C3, C5, C12, C13, C18, C24, I Ching quotes) chih-tu lun(a commentary on the SR: Suzuki-rōshi, Shunryu – comments from transcribed talks. (title, C13 and five positions (section Prajna Paramita attibuted to n)) Nagarjuna), ch. 6 and the VH: Victor Sōgen Hori, Zen Sand: The Book of Phrases for Koan Practice. University of Hawaii Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra. Press: 2003. (combines and translates the Zen capping phrase collections Zenrin Kushu ZS 8.435: The six realms and (Shibayama) and Shinsan Zengoshu (Etsudo)) Some points from Hori’s introduction, notes and four births are the playground of glossary are included here.
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