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Introduction to Oil Sands

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Introduction to Oil Sands © EnergyBusinessReports.com Oil Sands, Gas and Oil Shales Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 9 Section 1: Analysis of Oil Sands......................................................................................... 11 Introduction to Oil Sands .................................................................................................... 12 What are Oil Sands? ........................................................................................................................... 12 History of Oil Sands ........................................................................................................................... 13 Extraction of Oil Sands ..................................................................................................................... 14 Surface Mining ................................................................................................................................ 14 Cold Flow .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Combustion Overhead Gravity Drainage ............................................................................ 16 Cyclic Steam Stimulation ............................................................................................................ 16 Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ........................................................................................... 16 Vapor Extraction Process ........................................................................................................... 17 Toe to Heel Air Injection ............................................................................................................ 18 Environmental Issues Facing Oil Sands ......................................................................... 19 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Air Pollution .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Impact of Mining on Land ............................................................................................................... 20 Impact on Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 20 Emission of Greenhouse Gases ..................................................................................................... 21 Impact on Aquatic Life ..................................................................................................................... 23 Other Environmental Concerns ................................................................................................... 23 Energy Requirement for Oil Sand Extraction .............................................................. 24 Analysis of Canada’s Oil Sands Industry ........................................................................ 25 Industry Overview ............................................................................................................................. 25 Global Impact of the Industry ....................................................................................................... 28 Make‐up of the Bitumen Resources ........................................................................................... 30 No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written permission of Energy Business Reports. This report is intended for the sole and exclusive use of the original purchaser and may not be distributed or transferred in any form to any other person or entity. The information in this report was prepared by Energy Business Reports and Energy Business Reports has used reasonable efforts in collecting, preparing and providing quality information and material, but does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy or completeness, adequacy or currency of the information contained in this report. Users of the information do so at their own risk and should independently corroborate said information prior to any use of it. The information contained in this report is not to be construed as advice. Energy Business Reports does not undertake to advise the recipient or any other reader of this report of changes in its opinions or information. This information is provided “as is” and Energy Business Reports assumes no liability for and User(s) acknowledges that Energy Business Reports shall have no liability for any uses, lawful or otherwise, made by User(s) of the information contained in this report. Oil Sands, Gas and Oil Shales © EnergyBusinessReports.com Challenges Facing the Industry .................................................................................................... 31 Market Opportunities ....................................................................................................................... 33 Mining the Oil Sands ......................................................................................................................... 35 Extraction ......................................................................................................................................... 37 In‐situ Bitumen ............................................................................................................................... 38 Cyclic Steam Stimulation ............................................................................................................ 39 Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ........................................................................................... 40 Generating Steam .......................................................................................................................... 42 VAPEX ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Firefloods .......................................................................................................................................... 42 “Cold” Production .......................................................................................................................... 43 Processing ......................................................................................................................................... 44 Upgrading ......................................................................................................................................... 44 Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 46 Economics of the Industry .............................................................................................................. 47 Energy Balance for Oil Sands Mining‐Upgrading Projects ............................................... 49 Products of the Industry ................................................................................................................. 50 Sustaining the Environment .......................................................................................................... 51 Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................................... 52 Ongoing R&D ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Oil Sands Production Primer ......................................................................................................... 55 Future of the Industry ...................................................................................................................... 56 Analysis of the Athabasca Oil Sands ................................................................................ 59 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 59 History of the Athabasca Oil Sands ............................................................................................. 59 Development of the Athabasca Deposits .................................................................................. 60 Extracting Bitumen from the Deposits ..................................................................................... 61 Commercial Production from Athabasca Oil Sands ............................................................. 63 Production Forecast from Athabasca Oil Sands .................................................................... 63 Overall Estimation of Oil Reserves in the Athabasca Deposits ....................................... 64 Economics of Oil Extraction from the Athabasca Deposits .............................................. 65 Political Significance of the Deposit ........................................................................................... 67 Environmental Issues with the Athabasca Oil Sands .......................................................... 68 Impact on Land ............................................................................................................................... 68 Impact on Water Resources .....................................................................................................
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