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Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Objectives Outline Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Page 1 of 36 Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Objectives This chapter helps you prepare for the Windows 2000 Professional component of MCP Exam 70-240, "Microsoft Windows 2000 Accelerated Exam for MCPs Certified on Microsoft Windows NT 4.0," by covering the following objectives: Configure and troubleshoot the TCP/IP protocol. l To effectively access network resources, you must understand how to install and configure the TCP/IP client and use the services available on TCP/IP networks. Connect to computers by using dial-up networking: l Connect to computers by using a virtual private network (VPN) connection. l Create a dial-up connection to connect to a remote access server. l Connect to the Internet by using dial-up networking. l Configure and troubleshoot Internet Connection Sharing. l Connectivity between LANs where a persistent connection is not needed can be provided by dial-up network connections. To accomplish this, you must be able to install and configure dial-up components in various configurations. Connect to shared resources on a Microsoft network. l The availability of networking technology means resources need not be centralized in a few large servers. File shares and printers can be distributed across the entire network, and applications can involve many remote computers as system components. Outline Introduction The Windows 2000 Professional Networking Model Windows 2000 Networking Versus the OSI Reference Model l NDIS-Compatible Network Adapter Card Drivers l NDIS 5.0 l Network Protocols TCP/IP file://J:\NewRiders\chapters\ze394.html 7/12/01 Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Page 2 of 36 NWLink IPX/SPXs Compatible Transport NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) l Transport Driver Interface/li> l Network Application Programming Interfaces l Interprocess Communication l Basic Network Services Server Service Workstation Service Windows 2000 Redirectors l Interoperating with Other Networks Providers and the Provider-Interface Layer Network Resource Access Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider Universal Naming Convention Names Multi-Provider Router Adding and Configuring the Network Components of Windows 2000 l Identification Options l Network Connection Properties l Protocol Options l Service Options l Client Options l Advanced Options Provider Order Adapters and Bindings Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol l IP Addressing l Subnet Mask l Default Gateway (Router) l Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) l Domain Network Systems (DNS) Server Address Assigning IP Addresses to Clients l Using DHCP l Manually Configuring TCP/IP Connecting to Computers by Using Dial-Up Networking l Line Protocols Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) l Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) over IPSec l Internet Connection Sharing file://J:\NewRiders\chapters\ze394.html 7/12/01 Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Page 3 of 36 Internet Connection Sharing Settings Internet Connection Sharing for Applications Installing a Dial-Up Networking Connection l Dial-Up to Private Network l Dial-Up to the Internet l Connect to a Private Network Through the Internet l Accept Incoming Connections l Connect Directly to Another Computer Connecting to Shared Resources on a Microsoft Network l Browsing Browsing Other Domains Browsing a Wide Area Network l Universal Naming Convention l My Network Places l The NET VIEW Command l The NET USE Command Troubleshooting TCP/IP Connections l Configuration Errors l Troubleshooting TCP/IP Configuration Errors Packet Internet Groper (PING) Trace Route (Tracert) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Route l Resolving Logical Names to IP Addresses Resolving a NetBIOS Name to an IP Address Troubleshooting NetBIOS Name Resolution Problems Resolving a Hostname to an IP Address Troubleshooting Hostname Resolution Problems l Additional Troubleshooting Tools Case Study Chapter Summary Apply Your Knowledge Introduction A local area network (LAN) is a collection of computers in a specific area that are connected by a high-speed communications network. This can range from just two computers to hundreds or thousands. LANs in geographically separate areas can be connected in a wide area network (WAN). Generally, the speed at which computers connect within a LAN is greater than what is available between LANs (across the WAN). file://J:\NewRiders\chapters\ze394.html 7/12/01 Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Page 4 of 36 The Windows 2000 Professional Networking Model Before reviewing how to configure the networking components of Windows 2000 Professional, it is important to examine the underlying components that make up the network architecture. These components are put together as layers from interfacing with an application program down to interfacing with the physical connection to the network. Each layer interacts only with the layers directly above and directly below through a well-defined interface. Knowing the actual layers helps you understand how the Windows 2000 network architecture works. All the networking components in Windows 2000 Professional are built in to the operating system, although some of them are not automatically installed. Any Windows 2000 computer can participate as the following: l A client or a server in a distributed application environment l A client in a peer-to-peer networking environment The built-in networking components allow Windows 2000 Professional systems to share printers, files, and applications with other networked computers. Windows 2000 Networking Versus the OSI Reference Model The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is one system that can help you understand the networking architecture used in Windows 2000 Professional. The OSI model was developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and is a layered model that defines how computers participating in a network communicate and how the network data is exchanged between layers from the application to the network media. The OSI model divides the network protocol stack into seven layers to which software systems must adhere to communicate over the network. In the case of Windows 2000, the system does not implement each layer separately; however, the result complies with the overall OSI model. Figure 6.1 compares the Windows 2000 network architecture with the OSI network model. Figure 6.1 Windows 2000 networking architecture versus the OSI model. NDIS-Compatible Network Adapter Card Drivers The bottom layers of the Windows 2000 network architecture include the network adapter card driver and the network interface card (NIC). These must be 32 bit and compliant with Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS) 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0. The mechanism that NDIS uses to bridge these two layers is the miniport driver specification. The miniport drivers directly access the network adapters while providing common code where possible. This allows hardware vendors to create drivers that can call the underlying NDIS drivers, rather than code the functionality into their drivers. NDIS 5.0 file://J:\NewRiders\chapters\ze394.html 7/12/01 Chapter 6: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services Page 5 of 36 NDIS 5.0 extends the previous versions of NDIS that define the interaction of network protocols and network card adapters. NDIS allows multiple protocols and multiple network adapters to exist within a computer. If you have more than one network adapter in your computer, each adapter card’s protocol stack can be configured individually. The only limit on the number of network adapter cards you can install is the capacity of your computer hardware. Windows 2000 Professional and NDIS 5.0 provide the following new features in addition to those of the NDIS 4.0 specification: l Power management and network wake-up. NDIS power management can power down network adapters at the request of the user or the system or when a network cable is disconnected. l NDIS Plug and Play. Installs, loads, and binds miniports when a new adapter card is introduced. l Support for Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). Supplies device information to management services. WMI is used by management applications (such as SMS) to query and set device status and retrieve configuration information directly from hardware devices. l Task offload. Available if the network adapter card has the capability of supporting checksums and forwarding. This results in performance gains for processes such as IPSec encryption. l Support for Quality of Service (QoS) and connection-oriented media, such as ATM and ISDN. These improvements extend the functionality of Windows 2000 Professional even further. Most of the new features in NDIS 5.0 are accessible only by using the miniport driver model and are therefore not supported for MAC drivers or older miniport drivers. Note - Backward Compatibility Windows 2000 Professional can also use drivers written to be compliant with the NDIS 3.0 and 4.0 specifications that were used by Windows NT 3.x and Windows 4.0. Network Protocols The network protocols referred to in Figure 6.1 control the communications between computers on the network. Different network protocols
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