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FROM the G7 to a D-10: Strengthening Democratic Cooperation for Today’S Challenges
FROM THE G7 TO THE D-10 : STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC COOPERATION FOR TODAY’S CHALLENGES FROM THE G7 TO A D-10: Strengthening Democratic Cooperation for Today’s Challenges Ash Jain and Matthew Kroenig (United States) With Tobias Bunde (Germany), Sophia Gaston (United Kingdom), and Yuichi Hosoya (Japan) ATLANTIC COUNCIL A Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security The Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security works to develop sustainable, nonpartisan strategies to address the most important security challenges facing the United States and the world. The Center honors General Brent Scowcroft’s legacy of service and embodies his ethos of nonpartisan commitment to the cause of security, support for US leadership in cooperation with allies and partners, and dedication to the mentorship of the next generation of leaders. Democratic Order Initiative This report is a product of the Scowcroft Center’s Democratic Order Initiative, which is aimed at reenergizing American global leadership and strengthening cooperation among the world’s democracies in support of a rules-based democratic order. The authors would like to acknowledge Joel Kesselbrenner, Jeffrey Cimmino, Audrey Oien, and Paul Cormarie for their efforts and contributions to this report. This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. © 2021 The Atlantic Council of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Atlantic Council, except in the case of brief quotations in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. -
Army Downsizing Following World War I, World War Ii, Vietnam, and a Comparison to Recent Army Downsizing
ARMY DOWNSIZING FOLLOWING WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II, VIETNAM, AND A COMPARISON TO RECENT ARMY DOWNSIZING A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by GARRY L. THOMPSON, USA B.S., University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Ohio, 1989 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2002 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burder for this collection of information is estibated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burder to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (FROM - TO) 31-05-2002 master's thesis 06-08-2001 to 31-05-2002 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER ARMY DOWNSIZING FOLLOWING WORLD WAR I, WORLD II, VIETNAM AND 5b. -
The Commencement Exercises of the Academic Year 2020–21 Dickinson
The Commencement Exercises of the Academic Year 2020–21 Dickinson College Sunday, May 23, 2021 Two O’clock The Commencement Exercises he first Dickinson College Commencement exercises were held Clerical gowns were worn by the earliest faculty but disappeared T in the Presbyterian church on the town square, and the occasion early in the 19th century. Curiously, students at Dickinson adopted was something of a public holiday. Professors and students marched the academic robes at Commencement before faculty, who did not in procession, first from the college buildings in Liberty Alley and appear in gown and hood until the procession of 1904. Previous then from our present campus. Each graduate gave proof of his generations of graduating seniors were distinguished only by their learning by delivering an address in Latin or English, a practice that affiliation with one of the literary societies—the red rose of Belles continued through most of the 19th century. In later years, music was Lettres or the white rose of Union Philosophical. During today’s introduced as a restorative between orations, and as the number of ceremony, graduating seniors who studied abroad during their graduates increased, the final oratory was reduced to one guest Dickinson careers wear the flags of their host countries on their speaker, rewarded with an honorary doctorate. academic gowns. The gowns worn by participants hearken back to the monastic In the college’s early days, a Latin ritual was included in the robes of the Middle Ages. The hood—worn by clergy and students Commencement ceremony, beginning with an inquiry by the for warmth in drafty halls—was retained in specialized cases, such president to the trustees: “Placetne vobis, viri admodum generosi, ut as academic distinction. -
The IMF and the World Bank in an Evolving World
3 The IMF and the World Bank in an Evolving World This session fea tured two speakers from major countries who have played ac tive and important roles in their countries for many years. The first speaker was Manmohan Singh, the Finance Minister of India and one of the chief archi tects of lndia's recent economic reform program. He was followed by C. Fred Bergsten, the founder and Director of the Institute for International Economics and a fo nner Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Tr easury Department. After they addressed the global issues affecting the Bretton Woods institutions from their unique perspectives, the Chairman of the session-lıımberto Dini, Minister of the Tr easury of Italy-offered an overview and synthesis of the suggestions presented. The speakers then responded to a number of questions and com ments raised by other participants. Manmohan Singh When I was invited to speak at this conference, I accepted with great pleasure. Fiftieth anniversaries are festive occasions when old friends gather to relive pleasant memories, to rejoice and felicitate. I have been privileged, in various capacities in the Government of India, to dea! with the Bretton Woods institutions for almost half of the 50 years we are commemorating today. I have innumerable pleasant memories and old friends associated with these institutions and it is therefore a partic ular pleasure to be part of this celebration. Twoscore and ten years is not a very long time for historians, but it is time enough to reflect on the achievements of institutions and draw new blueprints for the future. -
Cmu.Edu/Universitypress
Renewing Globalization and Economic Growth in a Post-Crisis World The Future of the G-20 Agenda Edited with an Executive Summary by Alexei Monsarrat and Kiron K. Skinner Foreword by Jared L. Cohon and Frederick Kempe September 2009 Carnegie Mellon University is a global research university of more than 10,000 students, 70,000 alumni, and 4,000 faculty and staff. Recognized for its world-class arts and technology programs, collaboration across disciplines and innovative leadership in education, Carnegie Mellon is consistently a top-ranked university. The Atlantic Council of the United States promotes constructive US leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the international challenges of the 21st century. The Council embodies a non-partisan network of leaders who aim to bring ideas to power and to give power to ideas. Copyright © 2009 by Carnegie Mellon University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The PDF file of this report on the Carnegie Mellon University Press website is the only authorized version of the PDF and may not be published on other websites with out express permission. A link to download the report from the Carnegie Mellon University Press website for personal use should only be used where appropriate. Please direct all inquiries to the publishers. Rights to individual essays revert to authors upon publication. -
A Perspective on the Debt of Developing Countries
ROBERT SOLOMON BrookingsInstitution A Perspective on the Debt of Developing Countries SINCE 1973, when the price of oil was raised very sharply,developing countrieshave incurredheavy debts. This paper looks at their abilityto carrydebt, firstby examiningthe balance of paymentsand externalbor- rowingof all developingcountries that are not oil producersin general.It then focuses on a group of ten advanceddeveloping countries that ac- count for the bulk of the borrowingfrom privatesources that has given rise to widelyexpressed concern. The analysisthat follows leads to an optimisticconclusion about the capacityof the ten countriesnot only to carrytheir presentdebt but to expand it. It does not follow that decisionmakersin private financial marketswill come to the same conclusion.Thus attentionis given also to supplementingprivate lending with resources suppliedby the Interna- tional Monetary Fund. Furthermore,questions are raised about what could go wrong-what internationaldevelopments could make the out- look less rosyfor the heavydebtors. The Enlargementof CurrentSurpluses and Deficitssince 1973 The current-accountsurplus for countriesof the Organizationof Petro- leum ExportingCountries and the correspondingdeficit of oil-importing countriesis being financedin large part by the creationof international debt. The OPEC surplus (on goods, services, and privatetransfers, the Note: I am grateful to George Henry, Goran Ohlin, Edwin Truman, the two dis- cussants, and the editors for helpful suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. 479 480 Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2:1977 conceptused throughoutthis paper) increasedfrom $6 billion in 1973 to $67 billionin 1974;it fell to $35 billionduring the recessionof 1975, rose againto $41 billionin 1976, and is expectedto fall only slightlyin 1977.1 The membersof OPEChave been unableto sustainthe rapidincreases in importsof 1974 and 1975. -
China and Yemen's Forgotten
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE PEACEBRIEF241 United States Institute of Peace • www.usip.org • Tel. 202.457.1700 • @usip January 2018 I-WEI JENNIFER CHANG China and Yemen’s Forgotten War Email: [email protected] Summary • China’s position on the Yemen conflict is driven primarily by its interest in maintaining close strategic relations with Saudi Arabia. As a result, Beijing has acquiesced to the Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen. • Although not taking a prominent leadership role, China has supported regional and interna- tional initiatives to mitigate the conflict, including the Gulf Cooperation Council Initiative, the National Dialogue Conference, and UN-led peace talks. • As Yemen’s major trade partner, China has an outsized economic presence in the country and can play a significant economic role in Yemen’s postwar reconstruction through its Belt and Road Initiative. Introduction China is playing a supportive, though low-key, role in international efforts to propel Yemen’s peace process in response to one of the world’s greatest humanitarian crises. The Chinese government has China’s response to the backed the political transition process led by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as well as the peace “Saudi-led airstrikes, which talks brokered by the United Nations. Beijing, however, has been unwilling to challenge the Saudi-led were militarily supported by air campaign against opposition groups that has killed civilians in a spiraling conflict that has already taken over ten thousand lives—including, in December 2017, that of former president Ali Abdullah the United States and United Saleh by the Houthi rebels.1 Kingdom, was muted. -
Introduction
Introduction One warm evening in 1963, hundreds of Nigerian citizens crowded outside the largest theater in Lagos. They were there to cram their way into the show adver- tised on posters overhead, “The British Council brings you Macbeth!” At the same time but several streets away, a group of ten men clustered around a market stand. Inside, the owner slowly tuned a transistor set, stopping only when the BBC world news began to fill the stand. Meanwhile, a hundred miles west, the same broadcast played in the Oxford University Press office, where an editor worked late. He was finishing his notes on a manuscript by the Nigerian author Wole Soyinka, the press’s latest discovery and proof—the editor believed—that there was still a place for British publishing in Africa. Together these snapshots capture the prevalence of British culture in one of Brit- ain’s former colonies. Three years after independence, one might expect Shakespeare plays and the BBC news would be rare in Nigeria. Yet, instead of disappearing, Brit- ish plays, broadcasts, and books not only remained but drew large audiences, like the crowds and listeners described above. Was this the encore to empire—a short performance of goodwill before a graceful stage exit? Or was it meant to be another act of a play that showed no sign of ending? Whatever British promoters imagined, the answer really depended on their audience—the playgoers, readers, and listeners across cities, towns, and villages in Britain’s former colonies. Were they on their feet, clapping and calling out for more? Or perhaps they had attended out of a mixture of curiosity and habit but now wished the performance would end so they could get on to other things. -
Reforming the Global Architecture of Financial Regulation: the G20, the Imf and the Fsb
CIGI PAPERS NO. 42 — SEPTEMBER 2014 REFORMING THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE OF FINANCIAL REGULATION THE G20, THE IMF AND THE FSB MALCOLM D. KNIGHT REFORMING THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE OF FINANCIAL REGULATION THE G20, THE IMF AND THE FSB Malcolm D. Knight Copyright © 2014 by the Centre for International Governance Innovation The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Centre for International Governance Innovation or its Operating Board of Directors or International Board of Governors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution — Non-commercial — No Derivatives License. To view this license, visit (www.creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). For re-use or distribution, please include this copyright notice. 67 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada tel +1 519 885 2444 fax + 1 519 885 5450 www.cigionline.org TABLE OF CONTENTS VI About the Author VI Acronyms 1 Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Post-crisis Policy Cooperation 3 The “Great Moderation” — 1985–2007 4 Economic and Financial Policy Cooperation in the Great Moderation 6 Limits on the IMF’s Authority over the Global Financial System 7 The Crisis and the First G20 Summit Meeting 9 Cooperation between the IMF and the FSB 10 The G20 and the Governance of International Cooperation in Macroeconomic and Financial Policies 11 Strengthening the Fund’s Surveillance of Member Countries’ Policies 12 Strengthening the IMF’s Analysis of How the Financial System Transmits Risks to the Macroeconomy 12 Clear Communication about Vulnerabilities and Policy Responses 13 What is the Future of the FSB? 14 The Future Role of the IMF in Financial Stability 15 Complexity and Cooperation 17 Leadership of the Global Economy — the Future of the G20 18 Conclusion 18 Works Cited 20 About CIGI 20 CIGI Masthead CIGI PAPERS NO. -
2013-2014 Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University 1 2013-2014 Undergraduate Catalog Foreword Administration This catalog is intended to detail the University’s academic programs, SUBRA SURESH, President. policies and services for use by current undergraduate students, faculty, and administrators. We appreciate that applicants, prospective MARK S. KAMLET, Provost and Executive Vice President. students, and many other people will read this material, as well, for some RANDAL E. BRYANT, Dean, School of Computer Science. understanding of University programs and culture. AMY BURKERT, Vice Provost for Education. Information in the catalog is current as of August 2013; the next Catalog will be published in August 2014. In the interim, new courses will be announced JAY S. CALHOUN, Treasurer. in the course schedules which are usually available in November and April ILKER BAYBARS, Dean, CMU-Qatar. and on the Web (www.cmu.edu/hub ). GINA CASALEGNO, Dean, Office of Student Affairs. The program requirements and academic policies set forth in this Catalog are subject to change. As a consequence, students are expected to MARY JO DIVELY, Vice President and General Counsel. consult with their individual college or department for the most up-to- date information about program requirements, and should consult the ROBERT M. DAMMON, Dean, David A. Tepper School of Business. University’s policy website for the most current statements of University DAVID DZOMBAK, Interim Vice Provost of Sponsored Programs. policy. JAMES H. GARRETT JR., Dean, Carnegie Institute of Technology. Any changes or updated information from any member of the campus community should be directed to John Papinchak, University Registrar. FREDERICK GILMAN, Dean, Mellon College of Science. -
The Group of Seven
The Group of Seven We are now in the era of the G8, although the G7 still exists as a grouping for finance ministers and central bank governors. Why do G7 finance ministries and central banks co-operate? What are the implications of this for the power of the United States and the abilities of the other six states to exercise leadership? What influence do the G7 have on global financial governance? How much authority do they possess and how is that authority exercised? This is the first major work to address these fundamental questions. It argues that to understand the G7’s contribution to global financial governance it is necessary to locate the group’s activities in a context of ‘decentralized globalization’. It also provides original case study material on the G7’s contribution to macro- economic governance and to debates on the global financial architecture over the last decade. The book assesses the G7’s role in producing a system of global financial governance based on market supremacy and technocratic trans-governmental consensus and articulates normative criticisms of the G7’s exclusivity. For researchers in the fields of IR/IPE, postgraduate students in the field of international organization and global governance, policy-makers and financial journalists, this is the most comprehensive analysis of the G7 and financial governance to date. Andrew Baker is Lecturer at the School of Politics and International Studies at the Queen’s University of Belfast. He is the co-editor of Governing Financial Globalisation (Routledge, 2005) and has published in journals such as Review of International Political Economy and Global Governance. -
The G-20: a Pathway to Effective Multilateralism?
THE G-20: A PATHWAY TO EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM? Juha Jokela Chaillot Papers | April 2011 125 In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) became an autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, modified by the Joint Action of 21 December 2006, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the further development of the CFSP/CSDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of the European security and defence policy. In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between European experts and decision-makers at all levels. Chaillot Papers are monographs on topical questions written either by a member of the EUISS research team or by outside authors chosen and commissioned by the Institute. Early drafts are normally discussed at a seminar or study group of experts convened by the Institute and publication indicates that the paper is considered by the EUISS as a useful and authoritative contribution to the debate on CFSP/CSDP. Responsibility for the views expressed in them lies exclusively with authors. Chaillot Papers are also accessible via the Institute’s website: www.iss.europa.eu Cover photograph: Dolls representing participating nations’ leaders displayed at the November 2010 G-20 Summit in Seoul. © Ahn Young-joon/AP/SIPA The original image has been modified. THE G-20: A PATHWAY TO EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM? Juha Jokela CHAILLOT PAPERS April 2011 125 The author Juha Jokela is the Programme Director of the European Union research programme at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA).