JPL Status and Plans
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Mars Exploration Rovers: 4 Years on Mars
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080047431 2019-10-28T16:17:34+00:00Z Mars Exploration Rovers: 4 Years on Mars Geoffrey A. Landis This January, the Mars Exploration Rovers "Spirit" and "Opportunity" are starting their fifth year of exploring the surface of Mars, well over ten times their nominal 90-day design lifetime. This lecture discusses the Mars Exploration Rovers, presents the current mission status for the extended mission, some of the most results from the mission and how it is affecting our current view of Mars, and briefly presents the plans for the coming NASA missions to the surface of Mars and concepts for exploration with robots and humans into the next decade, and beyond. Four Years on Mars: the Mars Exploration Rovers Geoffrey A. Landis NASA John Glenn Research Center http://www.sff.net/people/geoffrey.landis Presentation at MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, January 18, 2008 Exploration - Landis Mars viewed from the Hubble Space Telescope Exploration - Landis Views of Mars in the early 20th century Lowell 1908 Sciaparelli 1888 Burroughs 1912 (cover painting by Frazetta) Tales of Outer Space ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Ace D-73, 1954 (From Winchell Chung's web page projectrho.com) Exploration - Landis Past Missions to Mars: first close up images of Mars from Mariner 4 Mariner 4 discovered Mars was a barren, moon-like desert Exploration - Landis Viking 1976 Signs of past water on Mars? orbiter Photo from orbit by the 1976 Viking orbiter Exploration - Landis Pathfinder and Sojourner Rover: a solar-powered mission -
NASA's Mars Global Surveyor May Be at Mission's End 21 November 2006
NASA's Mars Global Surveyor May Be at Mission's End 21 November 2006 explanations for the radio silence. "Realistically, we have run through the most likely possibilities for re-establishing communication, and we are facing the likelihood that the amazing flow of scientific observations from Mars Global Surveyor is over," said Fuk Li, Mars Exploration Program manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif. "We are not giving up hope, though." Efforts to regain contact with the spacecraft and determine what has happened to it will continue. NASA's newest Mars spacecraft, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, pointed its cameras towards Mars Global Surveyor on Monday. "We NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. have looked for Mars Global Surveyor with the star tracker, the context camera and the high-resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter," said Doug McCuistion, Mars Exploration Program NASA's Mars Global Surveyor has likely finished director at NASA Headquarters. "Preliminary its operating career. The orbiter has not analysis of the images did not show any definitive communicated with Earth since Nov. 2. Preliminary sightings of a spacecraft." indications are that a solar panel became difficult to pivot, raising the possibility that the spacecraft The next possibility for learning more about Mars may no longer be able to generate enough power Global Surveyor's status is a plan to send it a to communicate. command to use a transmitter that could be heard by one of NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers later "Mars Global Surveyor has surpassed all this week. expectations," said Michael Meyer, NASA's lead scientist for Mars exploration at NASA Mars Global Surveyor launched on Nov. -
+ Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press Kit August 2005 Media Contacts Dolores Beasley Policy/Program Management 202/358-1753 Headquarters [email protected] Washington, D.C. Guy Webster Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission 818/354-5011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. George Diller Launch 321/867-2468 Kennedy Space Center, Fla. [email protected] Joan Underwood Spacecraft & Launch Vehicle 303/971-7398 Lockheed Martin Space Systems [email protected] Denver, Colo. Contents General Release ..................................………………………..........................................…..... 3 Media Services Information ………………………………………..........................................…..... 5 Quick Facts ………………………………………………………................................….………… 6 Mars at a Glance ………………………………………………………..................................………. 7 Where We've Been and Where We're Going ……………………................…………................... 8 Science Investigations ............................................................................................................... 12 Technology Objectives .............................................................................................................. 21 Mission Overview ……………...………………………………………...............................………. 22 Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................. 33 Mars: The Water Trail …………………………………………………………………...............…… -
Scientific Observations with the Insight Solar Arrays: Dust, Clouds
Scientific Observations With the InSight Solar Arrays: Dust, Clouds, and Eclipses on Mars Ralph Lorenz, Mark Lemmon, Justin Maki, Donald Banfield, Aymeric Spiga, Constantinos Charalambous, Elizabeth Barrett, Jennifer Herman, Brett White, Samuel Pasco, et al. To cite this version: Ralph Lorenz, Mark Lemmon, Justin Maki, Donald Banfield, Aymeric Spiga, et al.. Scientific Obser- vations With the InSight Solar Arrays: Dust, Clouds, and Eclipses on Mars. Earth and Space Science, American Geophysical Union/Wiley, 2020, 7 (5), 10.1029/2019EA000992. hal-02872154 HAL Id: hal-02872154 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02872154 Submitted on 17 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License RESEARCH ARTICLE Scientific Observations With the InSight Solar Arrays: 10.1029/2019EA000992 Dust, Clouds, and Eclipses on Mars Special Section: Ralph D. Lorenz1 , Mark T. Lemmon2 , Justin Maki3 , Donald Banfield4 , InSight at Mars 5,6 7 3 3 Aymeric Spiga -
Mars Science Laboratory Landing
PRESS KIT/JULY 2012 Mars Science Laboratory Landing Media Contacts Dwayne Brown NASA’s Mars 202-358-1726 Steve Cole Program 202-358-0918 Headquarters [email protected] Washington [email protected] Guy Webster Mars Science Laboratory 818-354-5011 D.C. Agle Mission 818-393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. [email protected] Science Payload Investigations Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer: Ruth Ann Chicoine, Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Québec, Canada; 450-926-4451; [email protected] Chemistry and Camera: James Rickman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.; 505-665-9203; [email protected] Chemistry and Mineralogy: Rachel Hoover, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 650-604-0643; [email protected] Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons: Igor Mitrofanov, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 011-7-495-333-3489; [email protected] Mars Descent Imager, Mars Hand Lens Imager, Mast Camera: Michael Ravine, Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego; 858-552-2650 extension 591; [email protected] Radiation Assessment Detector: Donald Hassler, Southwest Research Institute; Boulder, Colo.; 303-546-0683; [email protected] Rover Environmental Monitoring Station: Luis Cuesta, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain; 011-34-620-265557; [email protected] Sample Analysis at Mars: Nancy Neal Jones, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; 301-286-0039; [email protected] Engineering Investigation MSL Entry, Descent and Landing Instrument Suite: Kathy Barnstorff, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; 757-864-9886; [email protected] Contents Media Services Information. -
The Path from Leo to Mars Hearing Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States Senate
S. HRG. 112–808 THE PATH FROM LEO TO MARS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SEPTEMBER 12, 2012 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–565 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:39 Sep 04, 2013 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\82565.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas, Ranking JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine BARBARA BOXER, California JIM DEMINT, South Carolina BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARIA CANTWELL, Washington ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia MARK PRYOR, Arkansas ROY BLUNT, Missouri CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota PATRICK J. TOOMEY, Pennsylvania TOM UDALL, New Mexico MARCO RUBIO, Florida MARK WARNER, Virginia KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire MARK BEGICH, Alaska DEAN HELLER, Nevada ELLEN L. DONESKI, Staff Director JAMES REID, Deputy Staff Director JOHN WILLIAMS, General Counsel RICHARD M. RUSSELL, Republican Staff Director DAVID QUINALTY, Republican Deputy Staff Director REBECCA SEIDEL, Republican General Counsel and Chief Investigator (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:39 Sep 04, 2013 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\82565.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on September 12, 2012 .................................................................... -
Three JPL Concepts Picked in Discovery's First Round
OCTOBER Jet Propulsion 2015 Laboratory VOLUME 45 NUMBER 10 Three JPL concepts picked in Discovery’s first round By Franklin O’Donnell JPL’s Discovery Program proposals are (from left) NEOCam, Psyche and VERITAS. Significant good news for JPL ar- would map the planet with a radar “As more and more exoplanets are rived at the end of September when vastly more capable than that on discovered, this information is essen- NASA announced the selection of JPL’s Magellan mission of the ear- tial to predicting whether Earth-sized three mission concepts managed by ly 1990s. The mission would obtain planets are more likely to resemble the Lab for possible development un- global maps of high-resolution radar Earth or Venus.” der the agency’s Discovery Program. imaging and altimetry, and make other Tony Freeman was the VERITAS The three proposals – a Venus or- measurements designed to penetrate capture lead for Step 1. Dave Leh- biter, a mission to a metal asteroid Venus’ thick carbon dioxide atmo- man of JPL is project manager, Scott and a space telescope to search sphere. Hensley is the project scientist, and for more near-Earth asteroids – are JPL planetary scientist Sue Smrek- Leon Alkalai will be the capture lead among five concepts that NASA will ar, VERITAS principal investigator, for Phase A. Lockheed Martin would fund for further concept design stud- said the mission is designed to reveal be the spacecraft contractor. VERI- ies during the coming year. In Sep- Venus’ geologic history, determine TAS stands for Venus Emissivity, Ra- tember 2016, the agency expects to how active it is, and search for the dio Science, InSAR, Topography And pick one or two for final development fingerprints of past and present water. -
Mars Rover Churns up Questions with Sulfur-Rich Soil 14 March 2007
Mars Rover Churns Up Questions With Sulfur-Rich Soil 14 March 2007 The bright white and yellow material was hidden under a layer of normal-looking soil until Spirit's wheels churned it up while the rover was struggling to cross a patch of unexpectedly soft soil nearly a year ago. The right front wheel had stopped working a week earlier. Controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., were trying to maneuver the rover backwards, dragging that wheel, to the north slope of a hill in order to spend the southern-hemisphere winter with solar panels tilted toward the sun. While driving eastward toward the northwestern flank of "McCool Hill," the wheels of NASA´s Mars Due to the difficulty crossing that patch, informally Exploration Rover Spirit churned up the largest amount named "Tyrone," the team chose to drive Spirit to a of bright soil discovered so far in the mission. This smaller but more accessible slope for the winter. image, taken on the rover´s 788th Martian day, or Spirit stayed put in its winter haven for nearly seven sol, of exploration (March 22, 2006), shows the strikingly months. Tyrone was one of several targets Spirit bright tone and large extent of the materials uncovered. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell examined from a distance during that period, using an infrared spectrometer to check their composition. The instrument detected small amounts of water bound to minerals in the soil. Some bright Martian soil containing lots of sulfur and a trace of water intrigues researchers who are The rover resumed driving in late 2006 when the studying information provided by NASA's Spirit Martian season brought sufficient daily sunshine to rover. -
9780816644629.Pdf
COLLECTIVISM AFTER ▲ MODERNISM This page intentionally left blank COLLECTIVISM ▲ AFTER MODERNISM The Art of Social Imagination after 1945 BLAKE STIMSON & GREGORY SHOLETTE EDITORS UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS MINNEAPOLIS • LONDON “Calling Collectives,” a letter to the editor from Gregory Sholette, appeared in Artforum 41, no. 10 (Summer 2004). Reprinted with permission of Artforum and the author. An earlier version of the introduction “Periodizing Collectivism,” by Blake Stimson and Gregory Sholette, appeared in Third Text 18 (November 2004): 573–83. Used with permission. Copyright 2007 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Collectivism after modernism : the art of social imagination after 1945 / Blake Stimson and Gregory Sholette, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8166-4461-2 (hc : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8166-4461-6 (hc : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8166-4462-9 (pb : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8166-4462-4 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Arts, Modern—20th century—Philosophy. 2. Collectivism—History—20th century. 3. Art and society—History—20th century. I. Stimson, Blake. II. Sholette, Gregory. NX456.C58 2007 709.04'5—dc22 2006037606 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. -
Spectrogoniometry and Modeling of Martian and Lunar Analog Samples and Apollo Soils ⇑ Jeffrey R
Icarus 223 (2013) 383–406 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Spectrogoniometry and modeling of martian and lunar analog samples and Apollo soils ⇑ Jeffrey R. Johnson a, , Michael K. Shepard b, William M. Grundy c, David A. Paige d, Emily J. Foote d a Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11101 Johns Hopkins Road, 200-W230, Laurel, MD 20723-6005, United States b Bloomsburg University, 400 East Second St., Bloomsburg, PA 89557, United States c Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States d University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, United States article info abstract Article history: We present new visible/near-infrared multispectral reflectance measurements of seven lunar soil simu- Received 17 May 2012 lants, two Apollo soils, and eight martian analog samples as functions of illumination and emission angles Revised 19 November 2012 using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer. By modeling these data with Hapke theory, we provide Accepted 4 December 2012 constraints on photometric parameters (single scattering albedo, phase function parameters, macro- Available online 19 December 2012 scopic roughness, and opposition effect parameters) to provide additional ‘‘ground truth’’ photometric properties to assist analyses of spacecraft data. A wide range of modeled photometric properties were Keywords: variably related to albedo, color, grain size, and surface texture. Finer-grained samples here have high Spectrophotometry single-scattering albedo values compared to their coarser-grained counterparts, as well as lower macro- Regoliths Mars, Surface scopic roughness values. The Mars analog samples and Apollo soils exhibit slightly lower opposition Moon, Surface effect width parameter values than the lunar analogs, whereas the opposition effect magnitude is not Radiative transfer well constrained by the models. -
Mars Exploration Rovers 2004-2013: Evolving Operational Tactics Driven by Aging Robotic Systems
Mars Exploration Rovers 2004-2013: Evolving Operational Tactics Driven by Aging Robotic Systems Julie Townsend,∗ Michael Seibert,y Paolo Bellutta,z Eric Ferguson,y Daniel Forgette,x Jennifer Herman,{ Heather Justice,z Matthew Keuneke,k Rebekah Sosland,y Ashley Stroupe,z John Wrightz Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA Over the course of more than 10 years of continuous operations on the Martian surface, the operations team for the Mars Exploration Rovers has encountered and overcome many challenges. The twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, designed for a Martian surface mission of three months in duration, far outlived their life expectancy. Spirit explored for six years and Opportunity still operates and, in January 2014, celebrated the 10th anniversary of her landing. As with any machine that far outlives its design life, each rover has experienced a series of failures and degradations attributable to age, use, and environmental exposure. This paper reviews the failures and degradations experienced by the two rovers and the measures taken by the operations team to correct, mitigate, or surmount them to enable continued exploration and discovery. Nomenclature APXS Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer DSN Deep Space Network EH&A Engineering Housekeeping and Accountability Hazcam Hazard Camera HGA High Gain Antenna IDD Instrument Deployment Device IMU Inertial Measurement Unit LSTA Local Solar Time, Spirit Landing Site LSTB Local Solar Time, Opportunity Landing Site MB M¨oessbauerSpectrometer MER Mars Exploration Rovers MGS Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter MI Microscopic Imager Mini-TES Mini Thermal Emission Spectrometer MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Navcam Navigation Camera ODY Mars Odyssey Orbiter Pancam Panoramic Camera PMA Pancam Mast Assembly PRT Platinum Resistance Thermometer RAT Rock Abrasion Tool ∗Rover Planner Team Lead, Mars Exploration Rover Project, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, M/S 264-528, AIAA Senior Member. -
Active Dust Devils on Mars
ACTIVE DUST DEVILS ON MARS: A COMPARISON OF SIX SPACECRAFT LANDING SITES by Devin Waller A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved April 2011 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Ronald Greeley, Chair Philip Christensen Randall Cerveny ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May 2011 ABSTRACT Dust devils have proven to be commonplace on Mars, although their occurrence is unevenly distributed across the surface. They were imaged or inferred by all six successful landed spacecraft: the Viking 1 and 2 Landers (VL-1 and VL-2), Mars Pathfinder Lander, the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity, and the Phoenix Mars Lander. Comparisons of dust devil parameters were based on results from optical and meteorological (MET) detection campaigns. Spatial variations were determined based on comparisons of their frequency, morphology, and behavior. The Spirit data spanning three consecutive martian years is used as the basis of comparison because it is the most extensive on this topic. Average diameters were between 8 and 115 m for all observed or detected dust devils. The average horizontal speed for all of the studies was roughly 5 m/s. At each site dust devil densities peaked between 09:00 and 17:00 LTST during the spring and summer seasons supporting insolation-driven convection as the primary formation mechanism. Seasonal number frequency averaged ~1 dust devils/ km2/sol and spanned a total of three orders of magnitude. Extrapolated number frequencies determined for optical campaigns at the Pathfinder and Spirit sites accounted for temporal and spatial inconsistencies and averaged ~19 dust devils/km2/sol.