Gletscherwelten World of Glaciers
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Swiss Glaciers
The Swiss Glacie rs 2011/12 and 2012/13 Glaciological Report (Glacier) No. 133/134 2016 The Swiss Glaciers 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 Glaciological Report No. 133/134 Edited by Andreas Bauder1 With contributions from Andreas Bauder1, Mauro Fischer2, Martin Funk1, Matthias Huss1,2, Giovanni Kappenberger3 1 Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich 2 Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg 3 6654 Cavigliano 2016 Publication of the Cryospheric Commission (EKK) of the Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT) c/o Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) H¨onggerbergring 26, CH-8093 Z¨urich, Switzerland http://glaciology.ethz.ch/swiss-glaciers/ c Cryospheric Commission (EKK) 2016 DOI: http://doi.org/10.18752/glrep 133-134 ISSN 1424-2222 Imprint of author contributions: Andreas Bauder : Chapt. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, App. A, B, C Mauro Fischer : Chapt. 4 Martin Funk : Chapt. 1, 4 Matthias Huss : Chapt. 2, 4 Giovanni Kappenberger : Chapt. 4 Ebnoether Joos AG print and publishing Sihltalstrasse 82 Postfach 134 CH-8135 Langnau am Albis Switzerland Cover Page: Vadret da Pal¨u(Gilbert Berchier, 25.9.2013) Summary During the 133rd and 134th year under review by the Cryospheric Commission, Swiss glaciers continued to lose both length and mass. The two periods were characterized by normal to above- average amounts of snow accumulation during winter, and moderate to substantial melt rates in summer. The results presented in this report reflect the weather conditions in the measurement periods as well as the effects of ongoing global warming over the past decades. -
Investigating the Influence of Surface Meltwater on the Ice Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MELTWATER ON THE ICE DYNAMICS OF THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET by William T. Colgan B.Sc., Queen's University, Canada, 2004 M.Sc., University of Alberta, Canada, 2007 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geography 2011 This thesis entitled: Investigating the influence of surface meltwater on the ice dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet, written by William T. Colgan, has been approved for the Department of Geography by _____________________________________ Dr. Konrad Steffen (Geography) _____________________________________ Dr. Waleed Abdalati (Geography) _____________________________________ Dr. Mark Serreze (Geography) _____________________________________ Dr. Harihar Rajaram (Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering) _____________________________________ Dr. Robert Anderson (Geology) _____________________________________ Dr. H. Jay Zwally (Goddard Space Flight Center) Date _______________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Colgan, William T. (Ph.D., Geography) Investigating the influence of surface meltwater on the ice dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet Thesis directed by Professor Konrad Steffen Abstract This thesis explains the annual ice velocity cycle of the Sermeq (Glacier) Avannarleq flowline, in West Greenland, using a longitudinally coupled 2D (vertical cross-section) ice flow model coupled to a 1D (depth-integrated) hydrology model via a novel basal sliding rule. Within a reasonable parameter space, the coupled model produces mean annual solutions of both the ice geometry and velocity that are validated by both in situ and remotely sensed observations. -
Berner Alpen Finsteraarhorn (4274 M) 7
Berner Alpen Finsteraarhorn (4274 m) 7 Auf den höchsten Gipfel der Berner Alpen Der höchste Gipfel der Berner Alpen lockt mit einem grandiosen Panorama bis in die Ostalpen. Schotter, Schnee, Eis und Fels bieten ein abwechslungsreiches Gelände für diese anspruchsvolle Hochtour. ∫ ↑ 1200 Hm | ↓ 1200 Hm | → 8,2 Km | † 8 Std. | Talort: Grindelwald (1035 m) und ausgesetzten Felsgrat ist sicheres Klettern (II. Grad) mit Ausgangspunkt: Finsteraarhornhütte (3048 m) Steigeisen sowie absolute Schwindelfreiheit notwendig. Karten/Führer: Landeskarte der Schweiz, 1:25 000, Blatt Einsamkeitsfaktor: Mittel. Das Finsteraarhorn ist im 1249 »Finsteraarhorn«; »Berner Alpen – Vom Sanetsch- und Frühjahr ein Renommee-Gipfel von Skitourengehern, im Grimselpass«, SAC-Verlag, Bern 2013 Sommer stehen die Chancen gut, (fast) allein am Berg unter- Hütten:Finsteraarhornhütte (3048 m), SAC, geöffnet Mitte wegs zu sein. März bis Ende Mai und Ende Juni bis Mitte September, Tel. 00 Orientierung/Route: Hinter der Finsteraarhornhütte 41/33/8 55 29 55, www.finsteraarhornhuette.ch (Norden) geht es gleich steil und anstrengend über rote Information: Grindelwald Tourismus, Dorfstr. 110, 3818 Felsstufen bergauf, manchmal müssen die Hände zu Hilfe Grindelwald, Tel. 00 41/ 33/8 54 12 12, www.grindelwald.ch genommen werden. Nach etwa einer Stunde ist auf ca. 3600 Charakter: Diese anspruchsvolle Hochtour erfordert Er- Metern der Gletscher erreicht – nun heißt es Steigeisen fahrung in Eis und Fels. Für den Aufstieg über den z.T. steilen anlegen und Anseilen, denn es gibt relativ große Spalten. Berner Alpen Gross Fiescherhorn (4049 m) 8 Die Berner Alpen in Reinform Bei einer Überschreitung des Gross Fiescherhorns von der Mönchsjochhütte über den Walchergrat, Fieschersattel, das Hintere Fiescherhorn und den Oberen Fiescherfirn zur Finsteraarhornhütte erlebt man die Berner Alpen mit ihren gewaltigen Gletschern in ihrer ganzen Wild- und Schönheit. -
Mer De Glace” (Mont Blanc Area, France) AD 1500–2050: an Interdisciplinary Approach Using New Historical Data and Neural Network Simulations
Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie Herausgegeben von MICHAEL KUHN BAND 40 (2005/2006) ISSN 0044-2836 UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG WAGNER · INNSBRUCK 1907 wurde von Eduard Brückner in Wien der erste Band der Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschichte des Klimas fertig gestellt. Mit dem 16. Band über- nahm 1928 Raimund von Klebelsberg in Innsbruck die Herausgabe der Zeitschrift, deren 28. Band 1942 erschien. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gab Klebelsberg die neue Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie im Universitätsverlag Wagner in Innsbruck heraus. Der erste Band erschien 1950. 1970 übernahmen Herfried Hoinkes und Hans Kinzl die Herausgeberschaft, von 1979 bis 2001 Gernot Patzelt und Michael Kuhn. In 1907 this Journal was founded by Eduard Brückner as Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschichte des Klimas. Raimund von Klebelsberg followed as editor in 1928, he started Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie anew with Vol.1 in 1950, followed by Hans Kinzl and Herfried Hoinkes in 1970 and by Gernot Patzelt and Michael Kuhn from 1979 to 2001. Herausgeber Michael Kuhn Editor Schriftleitung Angelika Neuner & Mercedes Blaas Executive editors Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Editorial advisory board Jon Ove Hagen, Oslo Ole Humlum, Longyearbyen Peter Jansson, Stockholm Georg Kaser, Innsbruck Vladimir Kotlyakov, Moskva Heinz Miller, Bremerhaven Koni Steffen, Boulder ISSN 0044-2836 Figure on front page: “Vue prise de la Voute nommée le Chapeau, du Glacier des Bois, et des Aiguilles. du Charmoz.”; signed down in the middle “fait par Jn. Ante. Linck.”; coloured contour etching; 36.2 x 48.7 cm; Bibliothèque publique et universitaire de Genève, 37 M Nr. 1964/181; Photograph by H. J. -
Modeling Glacier Thickness Distribution and Bed Topography Over Entire Mountain Ranges with Glabtop: Application of a Fast and Robust Approach
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Modeling glacier thickness distribution and bed topography over entire mountain ranges with GlabTop: Application of a fast and robust approach Linsbauer, Andreas ; Paul, Frank ; Haeberli, Wilfried Abstract: The combination of glacier outlines with digital elevation models (DEMs) opens new dimen- sions for research on climate change impacts over entire mountain chains. Of particular interest is the modeling of glacier thickness distribution, where several new approaches were proposed recently. The tool applied herein, GlabTop (Glacier bed Topography) is a fast and robust approach to model thickness distribution and bed topography for large glacier samples using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The method is based on an empirical relation between average basal shear stress and elevation range of individual glaciers, calibrated with geometric information from paleoglaciers, and validated with radio echo soundings on contemporary glaciers. It represents an alternative and independent test possibility for approaches based on mass-conservation and flow. As an example for using GlabTop in entire mountain ranges, we here present the modeled ice thickness distribution and bed topography for all Swiss glaciers along with a geomorphometric analysis of glacier characteristics and the overdeepenings found in the modeled glacier bed. These overdeepenings can be seen as potential sites for future lake formation and are thus highly relevant in connection with hydropower production and natural hazards. The thickest ice of the largest glaciers rests on weakly inclined bedrock at comparably low elevations, resulting in a limited potential for a terminus retreat to higher elevations. -
Future of Alpine Glaciers and Beyond
The Future of Alpine Glaciers and Beyond The Future of Alpine Glaciers and Beyond Wilfried Haeberli, Johannes Oerlemans, and Michael Zemp Subject: Future Climate Change Scenarios, Climate of the European Alps Online Publication Date: Oct 2019 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.769 Summary and Keywords Like many comparable mountain ranges at lower latitudes, the European Alps are in creasingly losing their glaciers. Following roughly 10,000 years of limited climate and glacier variability, with a slight trend of increasing glacier sizes to Holocene maximum ex tents of the Little Ice Age, glaciers in the Alps started to generally retreat after 1850. Long-term observations with a monitoring network of unique density document this de velopment. Strong acceleration of mass losses started to take place after 1980 as related to accelerating atmospheric temperature rise. Model calculations, using simple to high- complexity approaches and relating to individual glaciers as well as to large samples of glaciers, provide robust results concerning scenarios for the future: under the influence of greenhouse-gas forced global warming, glaciers in the Alps will largely disappear with in the 21st century. Anticipating and modeling new landscapes and land-forming process es in de-glaciating areas is an emerging research field based on modeled glacier-bed topographies that are likely to become future surface topographies. Such analyses pro vide a knowledge basis to early planning of sustainable adaptation strategies, for exam ple, concerning opportunities and risks related to the formation of glacial lakes in over- deepened parts of presently still ice-covered glacier beds. Keywords: Alps, glaciers, global warming, monitoring, numerical models, landscapes, lakes, hazards, adaptation to climate change Introduction There is not much left of a future for glaciers in the Alps (Figures 1 and 2). -
HOC ERAT in VOTIS G. A. Hasler
HOC ERAT IN VOTIS 23 t to an autobiographical line it is difficult to avoid a rather frequent use of the ·shortest word in our language . .Jn the troublous round of ordinary life in these turbulent times our memories of happy days of long ago are apt to get badly snowed under ; and it has been a most pleasant task for me to make this attempt to dig some of 'mine out and dust· them for my own behoof and your kindly tolerance and forbearance. It has made me feel that I might end this Paper with the concluding words of a stanza of Emily Bronte's : . ' Are not the best beloved of years • Around your heart for ever ? ' HOC ERAT IN VOTIS BY G. A. HASLER HE Editor of the ALPINE JOURNAL suggests in a very kind way that I might feel like writing a further instalment of past wan derings, to follow up my tales of old Christen Jossi. I have a distrust of encores : they make me think of Gilbert ·and Sullivan's operas, which I C;lffi sure have suffered not so much by the demands of the audien~e to ' do it again ' as that, on the smallest excuse, some of the performers would insist on doing it again and again. I tell myself : beware of repetition. But as it is close time for moun taineering stories of new deeds in the grand style, perhaps it may just I be permissible to brood over' the days that were that never will be more.' . It is restful to think of the placid lives led by the burghers of Bern .so many years ·ago. -
Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Glacial Sediments Beneath Unteraargletscher, Switzerland: Implications for Glacier Basal Motion
This is a repository copy of Hydraulic and mechanical properties of glacial sediments beneath Unteraargletscher, Switzerland: implications for glacier basal motion. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/276/ Article: Fischer, U.H., Porter, P.R., Schuler, T. et al. (2 more authors) (2001) Hydraulic and mechanical properties of glacial sediments beneath Unteraargletscher, Switzerland: implications for glacier basal motion. Hydrological Processes, 15 (18). pp. 3525-3540. ISSN 0885-6087 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.349 Reuse See Attached Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES Hydrol. Process. 15, 3525–3540 (2001) DOI: 10.1002/hyp.349 Hydraulic and mechanical properties of glacial sediments beneath Unteraargletscher, Switzerland: implications for glacier basal motion 1 2 1 2 Urs H. Fischer, Ł Philip R. Porter, Thomas Schuler, Andrew J. Evans and G. Hilmar Gudmundsson1 1 Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Z¨urich, Switzerland 2 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Abstract: The force on a ‘ploughmeter’ and subglacial water pressure have been measured in the same borehole at Unteraar- gletscher, Switzerland, in order to investigate ice–sediment coupling and the motion at the base of a soft-bedded glacier. A strong inverse correlation of the recorded pressure and force fluctuations, in conjunction with a significant time lag between the two signals, suggests that pore-water pressures directly affect the strength of the subglacial sediment. -
Modeling Ice Thickness Distribution and Glacier Bed Topography from Sparse Input Data to Assess Future Glacier Changes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Modeling ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography from sparse input data to assess future glacier changes Linsbauer, Andreas Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-88998 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Linsbauer, Andreas. Modeling ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography from sparse input data to assess future glacier changes. 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. ▼♦❞❡❧✐♥❣ ■❝❡ ❚❤✐❝❦♥❡ ❉✐✐❜✉✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ●❧❛❝✐❡ ❇❡❞ ❚♦♣♦❣❛♣❤② ❢♦♠ ❙♣❛❡ ■♥♣✉ ❉❛❛ ♦ ❆❡ ❋✉✉❡ ●❧❛❝✐❡ ❈❤❛♥❣❡ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von ❆♥❞❡❛ ▲✐♥❜❛✉❡ von Erschmatt VS ♦♠♦✐♦♥❦♦♠✐❡❡ Prof. Dr. Wilfried Haeberli (Vorsitz) Dr. Frank Paul (Leitung der Dissertation) Prof. Dr. Martin Hoelzle Zürich 2013 Summary Glaciers are considered to be both extremely sensitive and reliable terrestrial indicators of climate change. Over the last 150 years the general retreat of glaciers is consistent world-wide. Due to their proximity to melting conditions, glaciers are especially sensi- tive to small changes in climatic conditions, causing the observed, often kilometer-long glacier retreat and extensive volume loss that is well visible and even physically under- standable to everybody. Considering scenarios of future climate change, glaciers will further continue to retreat and lose mass with increasing temperatures. The observed shrinkage and even disappearance of glaciers in high-mountain regions can have strong environmental impacts at local, regional and even continental scales. In this regard, changes in seasonal water supply, potentially hazardous situations due to formation of new lakes or hydropower production are important aspects for the people living in the Alps and downstream of glaciers. -
Mitteilungen 214
Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau Hydrologie und Glaziologie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich Mitteilungen 214 Dye tracing and modelling jökulhlaups Mauro A. Werder Zürich, 2009 Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Robert Boes Zitiervorschlag für VAW-Mitteilungen: Werder, M.A. (2009). Dye tracing and modelling jökulhlaups. Mitteilungen 214, Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), R. Boes, Hrsg., ETH Zürich. Im Eigenverlag der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie ETH Zürich CH-8092 Zürich Tel.: +41 - 44 - 6 32 4091 Fax: +41 - 44 - 632 1192 e-mail: [email protected] Zürich, 2009 ISSN 0374-0056 Presently Baedeker [the guidebook] was found again, and I hunted eagerly for the time-table. There was none. The book simply said the glacier was moving all the time. This was satisfactory, so I shut up the book and chose a good position to view the scenery as we passed along. I stood there some time enjoying the trip, but at last it occurred to me that we did not seem to be gaining any on the scenery. I said to myself, “This confounded old thing’s aground again, sure,”—and opened Baedeker to see if I could run across any remedy for these annoying interruptions. I soon found a sentence which threw a dazzling light upon the matter. It said, “The Gorner Glacier travels at an average rate of a little less than an inch a day.” I have seldom felt so outraged. I have seldom had my confidence so wantonly betrayed. I made a small calculation: 1 inch a day, say 30 feet a year; estimated distance to Zermatt, 3 1–18 miles. -
Fluctuations of Glaciers 1995-2000 (Vol. VIII)
FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1995–2000 (Vol. VIII) A contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G) as part of the Global Terrestrial/Climate Observing System (GTOS/GCOS), the Division of Early Warning and Assessment and the Global Environment Outlook as part of the United Nations Environment Programme (DEWA and GEO, UNEP), and the International Hydrological Programme (IHP, UNESCO) Prepared by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) IUGG (CCS) – UNEP – UNESCO 2005 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1995–2000 with addenda from earlier years This publication was made possible by support and funds from the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services (FAGS), the Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), and the University of Zurich (UNIZ) This volume continues the earlier works published under the titles FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1959–1965 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1967 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1965–1970 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1973 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1970–1975 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1977 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1975–1980 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1985 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1980–1985 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1988 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1985–1990 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1993 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1990–1995 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1998 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1995–2000 (Vol. VIII) A contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network -
Berghaus Oberaar – Oberaarsee – Oberaargletscher – Grimselpass
Grimsel Passhöhe – Berghaus Oberaar – Oberaarsee – Oberaargletscher – Grimselpass Wegbeschrieb schwer | 6.30 h | 19.7 km | 1017 Hm 1017 Hm | Oberaar, Grimselpass | Jun – Okt Ausgangspunkt der Wanderung ist die Bushaltestelle Grimsel Passhöhe beim Totesee. Gleich bei der Bushaltestelle findet man zwei Einkehr- und Übernachtungsmöglichkeiten: Hotel Grimsel Passhöhe (+41 33 973 11 37) und Hotel-Restaurant Alpenrösli Grimselpass (+41 33 973 12 91). Lange, aber einfache Wanderung in die hochalpine Bergwelt von Nicht weit davon am Grimselsee thront auf dem mächtigen Felsnollen das historische Alpinhotel der Grimsel Passhöhe bis zur Gletscherzunge des Oberaargletschers, Grimsel Hospiz (+41 33 982 46 11). Eines der spektakulärsten Berghotels der Schweiz. Nicht nur die herrliche Lage und die Sicht über die fjordartige Landschaft des Grimselsees machen das wo die Aare als junger Fluss hervorschiesst. Via Husegghütte, Trieb- denkmalgeschützte Berghotel einzigartig, sondern auch seine Geschichte. Denn hier stand bereits tenseeli, Bäregg, Berghaus Oberaar und Oberaarsee führt die gross- 1142 das erste urkundlich erwähnte Gasthaus der Schweiz. artige Tour durch das sonnenverwöhnte Hochtal der Oberaar. Die Grimselpasshöhe auf 2164 m ü.M. bildet die europäische Wasserscheide. Nach Süden fliesst das Wasser in den Rotten, wie die junge Rhone hier genannt wird, und später ins Mittelmeer, nach Norden mit der Aare in den Rhein und in die Nordsee. Hinter der Kapelle weist ein grosser Granit- Ausgangspunkt: Grimsel Passhöhe – Bushaltestelle zahn auf diesen wichtigen Grenzverlauf hin. Zudem verläuft hier die Grenze zwischen den Kanto- Endpunkt: Grimsel Passhöhe – Bushaltestelle nen Bern und Wallis. Einkehr: Unterkunft und Verpflegung: Berghaus Oberaar, Hotel Grimsel Passhöhe, Von der Grimsel Passhöhe geht man zunächst auf der Panoramastrasse Richtung Oberaar und Hotel-Restaurant Alpenrösli Grimselpass, Grimsel Hospiz biegt nach rund 10 Minuten hangwärts ab hinauf zur Husegghütte.