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Historical Markers of Alachua County UCG Sunday Seminar May 24, 2020 Fletcher Crowe [email protected]

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Historical Markers of Alachua County UCG Sunday Seminar May 24, 2020 Fletcher Crowe Fletchercrowe@Gmail.Com Historical Markers of Alachua County UCG Sunday Seminar May 24, 2020 Fletcher Crowe [email protected] First, The History of Gainesville in 30 Seconds 1492 Columbus discovers the New World 1539 Hernando de Soto marches through this area, Spanish colonists later begin ranching cattle in Paynes Prairie with Timucua Indian labor, naming the largest hacienda La Chua, taken from the Timucua word for "sinkhole." SEE MARKERS 1 AN D 2 1817 -- Gainesville and North Florida was part of a land grant to Don Fernando de la Mata Arredondo from the Spanish Crown. The wealthy merchant and most of the Spanish activ- ity focused around cattle farming in and around Paynes Prairie. SEE MARKER 5 AND 6 1819 --The United States purchases Florida from Spain 1824 -- Newnansville founded (today's city of Alachua). SEE MARKERS 12 AND 13 1835-42 -- Second Seminole War SEE MARKERS 10, 13 AND 17 1845 -- Florida became a state with slavery. SEE MARKERS 14, 15 AND 16 1854 -- Gainesville became the county seat of Alachua County in 1854. Many believe that Gainesville came from a settlement named Hogtown. SEE MARKER 1O AND 18 1853 -- The East Florida Seminary in Ocala founded. It would eventually become the Uni- versity of Florida. SEE MARKERS 21 AND 22 1859 -- When the cross Florida railroad bypassed Newnansville and was located further south, the town of Gainesville was established. It was named for General Edmund P. Gaines, who was considered a hero during the Seminole Wars. The railroad connected the shipping port of Fernandina with Cedar Key by Sen. David Levy Yulee. SEE MARKERS 13, 18 AND 20 1860 -- Civil War breaks out. 1864 -- J. J Dickison raids Gainesville SEE MARKERS 23 AND 24 1869 -- Gainesville is incorporated; the economy was based on cotton production SEE MARKER 18 AND 26 1906 – The University campus in Gainesville opened with 102 students; soon thirteen Gothic-style buildings SEE MARKER 27 1894-5 -- Freezes destroyed the citrus industry, and the boll weevil blighted the cotton crops. SEE MARKERS 11 AND 15 1914 -- World War I breaks out; marks the end to the Alachua phosphate industry in Archer 1 1926 – A hurricane cripples the Florida land boom 1929 -- The Great Depression; the years of Jim Crow segregation SEE MARKERS 26 and 33 1941-- Pearl Harbor; after WWII, GIs stream into UF SEE MARKER 35 AND 38 1954 – Brown vs. Board Desegregation Decision SEE MARKERS 36 AND 37 Gainesville Historical Markers SEE: http://apps.flheritage.com/markers/map/index.cfm?county=Alachua https://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?Town=Gainesville&State=Florida SEE ALSO: http://apps.flheritage.com/markers/markers.cfm?click=1 1. The Law School Mound 20. Boulware Springs (1895-1908) 2. De Soto Trail 21. East Florida Seminary 3. Forced into Service: The Florida 22. Roper Park De Soto Trail 23. The Battle of Gainesville 4. Micanopy 24. Capture of the Jefferson Davis 5. Five Centuries of Ranching on the Baggage Train Prairie 25. Matheson House 6. Arredondo Grant 26. Josiah T. Walls 7. William Bartram (1739-1823) 27. University of Florida Historic 8. Paynes Prairie Campus 9. Alachua Sink 28. Gainesville Railroads 10. Hogtown and Hogtown Fort 29. Jesse Johnson Finley 11. The Bellamy Road and Melrose 30. Chestnut Funeral Home 12. Newnansville (1824-1890) 31. Mount Pleasant United Methodist 13. Old Stage Road Church 14. The Bailey House 32. "The Great Endurance Run" 15. Haile Plantation (c.1850) at Ka- 33. The Newberry Lynchings of 1916 napaha Plantation 34. Alachua General Hospital 16. Rochelle 35. Thelma Boltin Center 17. Fort Clarke 36. Mt. Carmel Baptist Church 18. City of Gainesville 37. The Home of A. Quinn Jones 19. Evergreen Cemetery 38. Gatorade's Birthplace 2 3 1. THE LAW SCHOOL MOUND Marker Location: University of Florida Law School grounds, in front of the Universi- ty of Florida Law School. 100 yards west is an aboriginal burial mound built ca. A.D. 1000 by Alachua Tradition peoples, ancestors of the Potano Indians who lived in Alachua County in the 16th and 17th centuries. Initially several individuals were buried in a central grave, a small earthen mound was raised over them. Through time additional burials were laid on the mound's surface and covered with earth. The villagers who built the mound probably lived along the shore of Lake Alice. Well before the mound was built, people of the Deptford Culture, 500 B.C. to A.D. 100, camped on this same lo- cation. The remains of their campsite were covered by the mound. First dug in 1881 by a local Gainesville resi- dent, the mound and earlier campsite were scientifically excavated by Florida State Museum archaeologists and students in 1976. 2. De Soto Trail Marker: State Road 121 & US 441 at a wayside park near Hague. Florida's De Soto Trail commemorates the overland route of Hernando De Soto, who made a four-year exploration of the southeastern United States from 1539 to 1543. His approxi- mate passage through Alachua County in August, 1539, follows State Road 121 from Levy County through Gainesville to U.S. 441. Interpretative exhibits are located along the trail, one at a wayside park near Hague. One sign reads: In 1539, a Spanish expeditionary force led by Hernando de Soto landed in the Tampa Bay area. Nearly 600 heavily armed adventurers traveled more than 4000 miles from Florida to Mexico intending to explore and control the Southeast of North America. The route of de Soto has always been uncertain, including the location of the village of An- haica, the first winter encampment. 4 In 1987 a state archaeologist, led a team of amateurs and professionals in an excavation which recovered more than 40,000 artifacts there. The evidence includes links of chain mail armor, copper coins, the iron tip of a crossbow bolt, Spanish olive jar shards, and glass trade beads. The team also found the jaw bone of a pig. Pigs were not native to the New World and historical documents confirm that the expedition brought swine. These finds provided the physical evidence of the 1539-40 winter encampment, the first confirmed de Soto site in North America. From this location, the de Soto expedition traveled northward and westward making the first European contact with many native societies. Within two centuries, most of the southeastern native cultures were greatly diminished. 3. Forced into Service The Florida De Soto Trail Location: Marker is on NW 83rd Street north of North West South Road, on the left when traveling north. Marker is located near the southeast corner of the Santa Fe College main parking lot on NW 83rd St., near 3000 NW 83rd Street, Gainesville FL 32606 It’s August 13, 1539. Hernando de Soto and his scouting party are passing through the Indian villages of Utinamocharra located just south of here. My army of more than 700 men follow behind. We will march quickly through this area on our way north to the Apalachee chiefdom to find food and gold. We also hope to find new Indian guides, as many have deserted our ranks. The governor commanded his men to ambush and seize as many natives as possible, for those who had come along and had served had now fled, and guides were needed. Accord- ingly they took thirty Indians, counting children and adults. Then we coaxed the captives on the one hand with flattery, gifts and promises of reward should they do their duty, and on the other with great threats of cruel death if they should fail in it. The Spanish relied heavily on Indian captives to act as guides and interpreters during their expedition. Many times, these captives lied and misled the Spanish in order to protect their people and villages. When discovered, the guilty were burned at the stake or torn apart by war dogs. Those who escaped unknowingly brought disease back to their villages from contact with the Spanish. 5 The people of Utinamocharra built several clusters of small villages . Their close proximity facilitated alliances for trade and protection. However, it did little to protect them from the onslaught of European armies and their infectious diseases. In 1536, de Soto obtained a royal commission to conquer and settle the region known as La Florida (now the southeastern United States), which had been the site of earlier explora- tions by Juan Ponce de León and others. De Soto set out from Spain in April 1538 with 10 ships and 700 men. After a stop in Cuba, the expedition landed at Tampa Bay in May 1539. They moved inland and eventually set up camp for the winter at a small Indian vil- lage near present-day Tallahassee. 4. MICANOPY Marker Location: C.R. 25A at N.E. Peach Ave., Micanopy, in front of the gazebo. A Timucua Indian village of the Potano tribe was located near here when the early Spanish Explorer Hernando De Soto led his expedition through the area in 1539. Botanist William Bartram visited Cuscawil- la village nearby in 1774. The first permanent white set- tlement in what is now Alachua County, called Wanton, was started in 1821. Wanton Post Office was established in 1826; the name was changed to Micanopy in 1834. Fort Micanopy, also called Fort Defiance, stood near here dur- ing the Second Seminole War. Several skirmishes were fought nearby. The town was in- corporated September 15, 1858. 5. Five Centuries of Ranching on the Prairie Marker Location: Marker can be reached from Southeast 15th Street (Camp Ranch Road) 0.4 miles south of Southeast 41st Avenue when traveling south. Marker is located on the La Chua Trail, in Paynes Prai- rie Preserve State Park, 1/4 mile south (by foot only) of the La Chua Trailhead.
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