Walking in Pembrokeshire
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Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present
Parker Pearson, M 2013 Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present. Archaeology International, No. 16 (2012-2013): 72-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1601 ARTICLE Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present Mike Parker Pearson* Over the years archaeologists connected with the Institute of Archaeology and UCL have made substantial contributions to the study of Stonehenge, the most enigmatic of all the prehistoric stone circles in Britain. Two of the early researchers were Petrie and Childe. More recently, colleagues in UCL’s Anthropology department – Barbara Bender and Chris Tilley – have also studied and written about the monument in its landscape. Mike Parker Pearson, who joined the Institute in 2012, has been leading a 10-year-long research programme on Stonehenge and, in this paper, he outlines the history and cur- rent state of research. Petrie and Childe on Stonehenge William Flinders Petrie (Fig. 1) worked on Stonehenge between 1874 and 1880, publishing the first accurate plan of the famous stones as a young man yet to start his career in Egypt. His numbering system of the monument’s many sarsens and blue- stones is still used to this day, and his slim book, Stonehenge: Plans, Descriptions, and Theories, sets out theories and observations that were innovative and insightful. Denied the opportunity of excavating Stonehenge, Petrie had relatively little to go on in terms of excavated evidence – the previous dig- gings had yielded few prehistoric finds other than antler picks – but he suggested that four theories could be considered indi- vidually or in combination for explaining Stonehenge’s purpose: sepulchral, religious, astronomical and monumental. -
OUGS Journal 32
Open University Geological Society Journal Volume 32 (1–2) 2011 Editor: Dr David M. Jones e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Journal Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 0143-9472 © Copyright reserved OUGS Journal 32 (1–2) Edition 2011, printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Committee of the Open University Geological Society 2011 Society Website: ougs.org Executive Committee President: Dr Dave McGarvie, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Chairman: Linda Fowler Secretary: Sue Vernon, Treasurer: John Gooch Membership Secretary: Phyllis Turkington Newsletter Editor: Karen Scott Events Officer: Chris Arkwright Information Officer: vacant at time of going to press Branch Organisers East Anglia (EAn): Wendy Hamilton East Midlands (EMi): Don Cameron East Scotland (ESc): Stuart Swales Ireland (Ire): John Leahy London (Lon): Jenny Parry Mainland Europe (Eur): Elisabeth d'Eyrames Northumbria (Nor): Paul Williams North West (NWe): Mrs Jane Schollick Oxford (Oxf): Sally Munnings Severnside (Ssi): Janet Hiscott South East (SEa): Elizabeth Boucher South West (SWe): Chris Popham Walton Hall (WHa): Tom Miller Wessex (Wsx): Sheila Alderman West Midlands (WMi): Linda Tonkin West Scotland (WSc): Jacqueline Wiles Yorkshire (Yor): Geoff Hopkins Other officers (non-OUGSC voting unless otherwise indicated) Sales Administrator (voting OUGSC member ): vacant at time of going to press Administrator: Don Cameron Minutes Secretary: Pauline Kirtley Journal Editor: Dr David M. Jones Archivist/Reviews: Jane Michael Webmaster: Stuart Swales Deputy Webmaster: Martin Bryan Gift Aid Officer: Ann Goundry OUSA Representative: Capt. -
Protected Landscapes: the United Kingdom Experience
.,•* \?/>i The United Kingdom Expenence Department of the COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT FOR SCOTLAND NofChern ireianc •'; <- *. '•ri U M.r. , '^M :a'- ;i^'vV r*^- ^=^l\i \6-^S PROTECTED LANDSCAPES The United Kingdom Experience Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/protectedlandsca87poor PROTECTED LANDSCAPES The United Kingdom Experience Prepared by Duncan and Judy Poore for the Countryside Commission Countryside Commission for Scotland Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Published for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes Lake District, United Kingdom 5-10 October 1987 * Published in 1987 as a contribution to ^^ \ the European Year of the Environment * W^O * and the Council of Europe's Campaign for the Countryside by Countryside Commission, Countryside Commission for Scotland, Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources © 1987 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Avenue du Mont-Blanc, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Additional copies available from: Countryside Commission Publications Despatch Department 19/23 Albert Road Manchester M19 2EQ, UK Price: £6.50 This publication is a companion volume to Protected Landscapes: Experience around the World to be published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, -
Scheduling Enhancement Project 2011: Prehistoric Sites Fieldwork – Pembrokeshire Additional Sites
SCHEDULING ENHANCEMENT PROJECT 2011: PREHISTORIC SITES FIELDWORK – PEMBROKESHIRE ADDITIONAL SITES Detail of balanced stones – part of enclosure PRN 100702 situated on Banc Llwydlos, Mynydd Preseli, recorded for the first time during the 2011 fieldwork. Prepared by Dyfed Archaeological Trust For CADW DYFED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST RHIF YR ADRODDIAD / REPORT NO. 2012/6 RHIF Y PROSIECT / PROJECT RECORD NO. 100689 Ionawr 2012 January 2012 SCHEDULING ENHANCEMENT PROJECT 2011: PREHISTORIC SITES FIELDWORK – PEMBROKESHIRE ADDITIONALGan / By SITES Fran Murphy & Hubert Wilson Paratowyd yr adroddiad yma at ddefnydd y cwsmer yn unig. Ni dderbynnir cyfrifoldeb gan Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf am ei ddefnyddio gan unrhyw berson na phersonau eraill a fydd yn ei ddarllen neu ddibynnu ar y gwybodaeth y mae’n ei gynnwys The report has been prepared for the specific use of the client. Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited can accept no responsibility for its use by any other person or persons who may read it or rely on the information it contains. Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited Neuadd y Sir, Stryd Caerfyrddin, Llandeilo, Sir The Shire Hall, Carmarthen Street, Llandeilo, Gaerfyrddin SA19 6AF Carmarthenshire SA19 6AF Ffon: Ymholiadau Cyffredinol 01558 823121 Tel: General Enquiries 01558 823121 Adran Rheoli Treftadaeth 01558 823131 Heritage Management Section 01558 823131 Ffacs: 01558 823133 Fax: 01558 823133 Ebost: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Gwefan: www.archaeolegdyfed.org.uk Website: www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk Scheduling Enhancement Project 2011: Prehistoric Fieldwork– Pembrokeshire Additional Sites CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PROJECT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 3 METHODOLOGY 4 Figure 1: Map of Pembrokeshire, showing the location 5 of sites visited during the project. -
Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan April 2013
Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority Red Kite Environment Touchstone Heritage Management Consultants Anglezarke Dixon Associates April 2013 Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan ______________________________________________ Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority In association with Red Kite Environment Pearcroft Pearcroft Road Stonehouse Gloucestershire GL10 2JY Tel: 01453 822013 Fax: 01453 791969 Email: [email protected] www.redkite-environment.co.uk Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan Contents Contents.................................................................................................... i Foreword ..................................................................................................iii Executive summary.................................................................................. v 1 Introduction............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 1.2 The ‘Origins’ project........................................................................................................3 2 Setting the Scene.................................................................................. 4 2.1 Historical contexts ..........................................................................................................5 2.2 A prehistory hub .............................................................................................................6 -
Architecture and Meaning in the Structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill
Houses of the Holy: architecture and meaning in the structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill Timothy Darvill is Professor of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, UK. His research interests lie in the Neolithic of Northwest Europe and in archaeological resource management, and he has carried out fieldwork in Germany, Russia, Malta, England, Wales, and the Isle of Man. In 2008, together with Geoff Wainwright, he undertook excavations inside the stone circles at Stonehenge as part of ongoing research into the links between Stonehenge and the sources of the Bluestones in the Preseli Hills of southwest Wales. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Time & Mind. [email protected]. Abstract Stonehenge in central southern England is internationally known. Recent re-evaluations of its date and construction sequence provides an opportunity to review the meaning and purpose of key structural components. Here it is argued that the central stone structures did not have a single purpose but rather embody a series of symbolic representations. During the early third millennium this included a square-in- circle motif representing a sacred house or ‘big house’ edged by the five Sarsen Trilithons. During the late third millennium BC, as house styles changed, some of the stones were re-arranged to form a central oval setting that perpetuated the idea of the a sacred dwelling. The Sarsen Circle may have embodied a time- reckoning system based on the lunar month. From about 2500 BC more than 80 bluestones were brought to the site from sources in the Preseli Hills of west Wales about 220km distant. -
An Examination of Regionality in the Iron Age Settlements and Landscape of West Wales
STONES, BONES AND HOMES: An Examination of Regionality in the Iron Age Settlements and Landscape of West Wales Submitted by: Geraldine Louise Mate Student Number 31144980 Submitted on the 3rd of November 2003, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Arts with Honours Degree School of Social Science, University of Queensland This thesis represents original research undertaken for a Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree at the University of Queensland, and was completed during 2003. The interpretations presented in this thesis are my own and do not represent the view of any other individual or group Geraldine Louise Mate ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Declaration ii Table of Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Abstract ix Acknowledgements x 1. The Iron Age in West Wales 1 1.1 Research Question 1 1.2 Area of Investigation 2 1.3 An Approach to the Iron Age 2 1.4 Rationale of Thesis 5 1.5 Thesis Content and Organisation 6 2. Perspectives on Iron Age Britain 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Perspectives on the Iron Age 7 2.2.1 Progression of Interpretations 8 2.2.2 General Picture of Iron Age Society 11 2.2.3 Iron Age Settlements and Structures, and Their Part in Ritual 13 2.2.4 Pre-existing Landscape 20 2.3 Interpretive Approaches to the Iron Age 20 2.3.1 Landscape 21 2.3.2 Material Culture 27 2.4 Methodology 33 2.4.1 Assessment of Methods Available 33 2.4.2 Methodology Selected 35 2.4.3 Rationale and Underlying Assumptions for the Methodology Chosen 36 2.5 Summary 37 iii 3. -
The Secret Waterway (Eng)
secret waterway eng:newport walks/2 17/3/08 08:52 Page 1 THE SECRET WATERWAY secret waterway eng:newport walks/2 17/3/08 08:52 Page 2 The Secret Waterway The Milford Haven Waterway has been described as one of the finest natural harbours in the world. It is internationally famous as a classic example of a Ria, a drowned valley. Millions of years ago, when the sea level was much lower than today, a river valley was formed along a fault line in the rock. At the end of the Ice Age, melting ice sheets released immense amounts of water to deepen the valley. As the sea level rose the valley flooded. This broad sweep of water, sinuously curving its way into the heart of Pembrokeshire, has played a vital role in the history and fortunes of its people. Invaders and pirates have sought shelter in its hidden bays and creeks; medieval castles and Victorian forts dominate its shores; ancient villages and modern ports play host to ferries, fishing craft, oil tankers and yachts. The waterway also features landscapes of remarkable contrast. To the east of the Cleddau Bridge run the waters of the Daugleddau, meaning two Cleddaus, because here the eastern and western branches of the river meet. Its banks are clothed in ancient woodlands, birds call from quiet, sheltered inlets and the sense of tranquillity is profound. To the west of the Bridge, as it approaches the sea, the waterway widens. Here are busy townships, modern industries and historic fortifications, yet in all the hustle and bustle there are peaceful places here too. -
Megalith Quarries for Stonehen
UHI Research Database pdf download summary Megalithic quarries for Stonehenge's bluestones Parker Pearson, Mike; Pollard, Joshua; Richards, Colin; Welham, Kate Published in: Antiquity Publication date: 2019 The Document Version you have downloaded here is: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record The final published version is available direct from the publisher website at: 10.15184/aqy.2018.111 Link to author version on UHI Research Database Citation for published version (APA): Parker Pearson, M., Pollard, J., Richards, C., & Welham, K. (2019). Megalithic quarries for Stonehenge's bluestones. Antiquity, 93(367), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.111 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights: 1) Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the UHI Research Database for the purpose of private study or research. 2) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 3) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Megalith quarries for Stonehenge’s bluestones Mike Parker Pearson1,*, Josh Pollard2, Colin Richards3, Kate Welham4, Chris Casswell5, Charles French6, Duncan Schlee7, Dave Shaw8, Research Ellen Simmons9, Adam Stanford10, Richard Bevins11 & Rob Ixer1 Geologists and archaeologists have long known that the bluestones of Stonehenge came from the Preseli Hills of west Wales, 230km away, but only recently have some of their exact geo- logical sources been identified. -
Medieval Mills Report 2012-14 with Gazetteer
MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL MILLS A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2012-14 The ruins of an old windmill (PRN 3528) near Carew, Pembrokeshire Prepared by Dyfed Archaeological Trust For Cadw DYFED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST DAT Event Record No. 102665 Report No. 2014/7 Cadw Project No. DAT 105 March 2014 MEDIEVAL AND EARLY POST-MEDIEVAL MILLS A THREAT-RELATED ASSESSMENT 2012-14 Gan / By MIKE INGS The copyright of this report is held by Cadw and Dyfed Archaeological Trust Ltd. The maps are based on Ordnance Survey mapping provided by the National Assembly for Wales with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. License No.: 100017916 (2014). Historic mapping reproduced here is covered under Crown Copyright and Landmark Information Group. All rights reserved. Dyfed Archaeological Trust Ltd. On behalf of Welsh Government 2014. Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited Neuadd y Sir, Stryd Caerfyrddin, Llandeilo, Sir The Shire Hall, Carmarthen Street, Llandeilo, Gaerfyrddin SA19 6AF Carmarthenshire SA19 6AF Ffon: Ymholiadau Cyffredinol 01558 823121 Tel: General Enquiries 01558 823121 Adran Rheoli Treftadaeth 01558 823131 Heritage Management Section 01558 823131 Ffacs: 01558 823133 Fax: 01558 823133 Ebost: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Gwefan: www.archaeolegdyfed.org.uk Website: www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk The Trust is -
Archaeologists in Stonehenge Bluestone Shock
ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN STONEHENGE BLUESTONE SHOCK ‘Got those Preseli Blues, everybody’s talkin’, ‘bout those Preseli Blues’ from Those ol’ Preseli Blues, recorded by Bettws y Smith, and the Bluestones (Paramount, 1923) It appears you can get away with almost anything in contemporary archaeology. One can for once agree with Jacquetta Hawkes who reckoned that ‘Every generation gets the Stonehenge it deserves’. In this generation one may gain permission to dig the hallowed turf of Stonehenge itself provided you have a theory that is zeitgeisty enough to woo the public. But does it hold water? I am, of course, talkin’ ‘bout my gg..g..g.eneration of archaeologists, the Geoffrey Wainwright Experience, with Geoffrey himself on Mediaphone, accompanied by Tim Darvill on Vibes. Their opening track? “Cutting the First Sods for 50 Years at Stonehenge” Compared with anything that has gone before in recent Stonehenge history, this ‘New Improved’ theory of why the bluestones were so important to the builders of Britain’s National Temple must appear as pure affrontery to ‘the lunatic fringe of dotty archaeology’, who have always thought that, free from the dogma that lurks in academic disciplines, they had sole rights to investigate whatever questions they liked on archaeological matters. In an apparent surge of ‘if you can’t beat them, join them’ mainstream archaeology now boldly appears to be straying into traditional loony fringe territory. We must welcome them - they may be healed by the process. The media love it, of course, fawning all over the two heroes of this piece of Stonehenge ‘science’. It is the perfect media story. -
The Cleddau Trail Llwybr Y Cleddau
Pembrokeshire Rivers Trust Rivers can be hazardous! Stay safe and beware The Cleddau Trail of unstable river banks near fast-flowing water. The Western Cleddau Trail Llwybr y Cleddau Starting from the Cleddau river tributary at Scleddau Follow the Cleddau Trail to village near Fishguard, the Western Cleddau Trail tracks the river through its catchment via Haverfordwest and discover the wildlife and history of beyond to the Daugleddau estuary and Milford Haven. Pembrokeshire’s beautiful rivers This river provides ideal spawning and nursery grounds for migratory fish such as salmon and sewin (sea trout), Dilynwch Lwybr y Cleddau i ddarganfod which make their way upstream from the sea each Autumn. bywyd gwyllt a hanes afonydd hardd W5 Treffgarne Angling Sir Benfro Centre Haverfordwest fish pass St Catherines Bridge, Camrose A487 Y Daugleddau Blackpool Mill Cardigan/Abertei The Eastern Cleddau Trail A487 Strumble Dinas Photo: Sid Howells Head Head Newcastle Emlyn The Eastern Cleddau Trail begins at Mynachlog-ddu, A487 Fishguard/Abergwaun W1 a village in north-east Pembrokeshire, where natural W2 E1 St Davids E2 Head W3 A40 springs and regular rainfall help form the Eastern Cleddau Whitesands St David's/ Bay Tyddewi W4 E3 PEMBROKESHIRE/ river. Water from the catchment is stored in reservoirs Ramsey SIR BENFRO CARMARTHENSHIRE Island Carmarthen W5 E4 A40 St Brides at RosebushA48 and Llys-y-frân. At Canaston Bridge Dŵr E5 Bay A40 Haverfordwest/ St Clears/ A40 Hwlordd W6 E6 Sanclr W leddau Narberth C es rn C le te ste A477 dd rn a au E E7 A4076 Cymru Welsh Water abstract river water which goes on W7 D a Skomer u g l Island e d d W8 a A Pembrokeshire road journey to u Kidwellyto supply homes and business across Pembrokeshire.