Inter-Agency Taskforce on Darfur

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Inter-Agency Taskforce on Darfur اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN SUDAN Office of the Spokesperson UNMIS NEWS BULLETIN* 24 May2007 UNDP to support Southern Sudan Police and Correctional Service The World Bank and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) signed on 22 May a 5.3 million dollars grant to increase the capacity of the police and reorganize the prisons to deliver professional services across Southern Sudan. The grant, dubbed “Southern Sudan Police and Correctional Service Support”, is funded by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Southern Sudan (MDTF-S), which is administered by the World Bank. The project was jointly prepared and appraised by the Government of Southern Sudan, the UNDP and other stake holders. Under the agreement, the UNDP will construct a network of police stations and training centres, provide equipment, train police forces, and facilitate the development of a code of ethics to enhance professionalism in the force. As for the prisons, the UNDP will improve the infrastructure, provide equipment and facilitate reorganization and training to ensure more humane treatment of prisoners. The projects supported by the MDTF include the Rapid Impact Project that provides medical supplies to 840 hospitals and clinics in Southern Sudan. For schools the project delivered 40,000 education kits and 950,000 textbooks for primary schools and is supporting the construction of 100 new primary schools. This project also supports among other activities the renovation of government offices. The Chairperson of the African Union Commission appoints General Martin Luther Agwai as new Force Commander in Darfur In a press statement issued on 23 May 2007, the African Union announced that the Chairperson of the Commission, Alpha Oumar Konaré, has appointed General Martin Luther Agwai of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as new Force Commander in Darfur. The statement says that the Force Commander was appointed by the Chairperson of the AU Commission in consultation with the UN Secretary-General in accordance with the Communiqué of the 66th meeting of the AU Peace and Security Council held in Abuja, Nigeria, on 30 November 2006. The Force Commander will report to the AU-UN Joint Special Representative for Darfur and will serve first as the Force Commander of the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) and ultimately as the Force Commander for the AU-UN Hybrid Operation. He will be assisted by a Deputy Force Commander. General Agwai was born on 8 November 1948 in Kaduna, Nigeria. He has been Chief of Defense Staff of the Nigerian Armed Forces since 1st June 2006. Before that, he held several senior positions in the Nigerian Army, including being Chief of Army Staff. In his military career, he also UNMIS Headquarters, P.O. Box 69, Ibeid Khatim St, Khartoum 11111, SUDAN. Tel.: (+249-1) 8708 6000 Fax: (+249-1) 8708 6200 served as Deputy Force Commander of the UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), and Adviser in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations at the UN Headquarters, in New York. Addis Ababa, 23 May 2007. Security and Humanitarian Developments in Southern Sudan and the Transitional Areas On 20 May, two of the four civilians abducted by the LRA in Dimo village in Central Equatoria state on 19 May were released. A Joint Monitoring Team (UNMIS-SAF-SPLA) visited Dimo Village (15 Km North East of Yei,) where the two other abducted civilians were still in the custody of the LRA. A tribal clash between the Pakam tribe of Lakes State and Luac tribe of Warrab State took place on 22 May, resulting in the death of one member of the Pakam tribe. Policemen were dispatched to the area to help defuse the tension. The governor of Lakes States, the Police Commissioner, the Commander of SPLA and the UNMIS Head of Office are expected to pay an assessment visit to the location on 24 May. On 23 May, a tribal clash occurred at Malual Baai village on the border between Gogrial West and Aweil East Counties. The clash reportedly started with a dispute between an Awan tribesman who was under the influence of alcohol and Luo tribe members who beat him up for misbehaving in public. Other members of Awan tribe got involved to assist their tribesman. Fifteen people were wounded. The Governors of Warrap State and Northern Bahr El Ghazal State will visit the area to resolve the issue. Security and Humanitarian Developments in Darfur South Darfur On 22 May, Government of Sudan forces reportedly launched an attack on Leiba, (110 km North West of Nyala) and Fugoly against positions of SLA/Abduwahid Nour faction. Two SAF companies reportedly carried out the attack using eighteen Land Cruisers and four trucks. The attackers looted the market at Fugoly and attacked the water point. Eighteen pupils were wounded and two adult civilians killed. Some cattle were also killed and some looted. The GoS had reportedly mobilized its forces from El Malam, 95 km North of Nyala. On 23 May, the presence of GoS ground forces with Land Cruisers and armed militia on camels and horses at Nyama, (28 km North West of Kass) was reported. The presence of SLA/ Abduwahid Nour faction was also reported in the area. Reports indicate that mobilization of GoS forces started from Zalingei two days earlier. On 23 May, a group of borders officials approached an INGO convoy on its way to Yara at Haluf market, 21 km North of Nyala and asked them for fuel. When the INGO refused, borders officials started shooting in the air. The INGO staff members returned to Nyala. No casualties were reported. On 22 May, the public prosecutor in Nyala decided to prosecute staff members of an INGO arrested on 21 May during a security training with a charge of public disturbance. West Darfur On 22 May UNDSS relocated eight national NGO staff from Abu Surug, (15 km West of Sirba) and Sirba, (48km North of El Geneina). The NGOs requested relocation of their staff due to the unpredictable security situation in the area. UNMIS Headquarters, P.O. Box 69, Ibeid Khatim St, Khartoum 11111, SUDAN. Tel.: (+249-1) 8708 6000 Fax: (+249-1) 8708 6200 Page 2 On 21 May, shots were fired in Krinding IDP Camp II, in El Geneina, by unknown people. Shortly after, the camp clinic, as well as the houses of some IDPs went up in flames. The fire was contained, but one child, two donkeys and sixty shelters were burnt. Since the beginning of 2007, Krinding II IDP camp has suffered three incidents committed by unknown people. On 22 May, seven armed militiamen attacked 30 civilians returning from Kondobi to Birsiliba, (60 km North of El Geneina). One civilian was injured and brought to El Geneina for medical treatment while another was reported missing. On 21 and 22 May, UNMIS El Geneina visited Abu Zar and Riyadh IDP camps to discuss the upcoming census, elections and the DDDC consultation process. A UN field mission was carried out on 21 and 22 May in For Baranga, West Darfur. Local administrators confirmed to the mission mass movements of Chadian nomads into West Darfur. A local committee was formed to direct the nomads to settle in specific areas and 10,000 households have been registered. IDP leaders confirmed government support of the Native Administration committee. * All UNMIS News Bulletins are available at www.unmis.org UNMIS Headquarters, P.O. Box 69, Ibeid Khatim St, Khartoum 11111, SUDAN. Tel.: (+249-1) 8708 6000 Fax: (+249-1) 8708 6200 Page 3 .
Recommended publications
  • Ethnic Militias in Nigeria and Their Impact on Democratic Consolidation
    Ethnic Militias in Nigeria and Their Impact on Democratic Consolidation by Ǿyvind Sandve Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Studies (e.g. Arts) at Stellenbosch University Faculty of Arts Supervisor: Prof Pierre du Toit March 2009 Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: February 2009 Copyright © 2009 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved 2 Table of contents Title page ..............................................................................................................................1 Declaration........................................................................................................................2 Table of contents .............................................................................................................3 Abstract .............................................................................................................................6 Opsomming ......................................................................................................................8 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... 10 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria: the Challenge of Military Reform
    Nigeria: The Challenge of Military Reform Africa Report N°237 | 6 June 2016 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Long Decline .............................................................................................................. 3 A. The Legacy of Military Rule ....................................................................................... 3 B. The Military under Democracy: Failed Promises of Reform .................................... 4 1. The Obasanjo years .............................................................................................. 4 2. The Yar’Adua and Jonathan years ....................................................................... 7 3. The military’s self-driven attempts at reform ...................................................... 8 III. Dimensions of Distress ..................................................................................................... 9 A. The Problems of Leadership and Civilian Oversight ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abuja Seminar Report 2004
    THE REGIONAL DIMENSION OF PEACE OPERATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: Arrangements, Relationships, and the United Nations Responsibility for International Peace and Security Edited by AMOS G. ADEDEJI and ISTIFANUS S. ZABADI Published in 2004 by National War College, Abuja, Nigeria © National War College, Abuja, Nigeria Printed by Planet Press Limited 443 Badagry Expressway, Alakija - Lagos. ISBN: 978-2913-06-5 Copyright of this Report belongs to National War College, Nigeria. Written permission to reprint or republish in any form must be sought and obtained from the College. To order this Report, please write to: National War College P.M.B. 323, Garki Abuja, Nigeria Tel: +234 (0) 9 2347606 Email: [email protected] For further information about the Challenges Project, please contact the Project Coordinators at: Folke Bernadotte Academy 87264 Sandoverken Sweden Tel: +45 (0) 612 Email: [email protected] iii THE REGIONAL DIMENSION OF PEACE OPERATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: Arrangements, Relationships, and the United Nations Responsibility for International Peace and Security Proceedings of the Abuja International Seminar of the Project on Challenges of Peace Operations: Into the 21st Century 31 May – 4 June 2004 Edited by AMOS G. ADEDEJI and ISTIFANUS S. ZABADI National War College Abuja, Nigeria iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ............................................................................... v Foreword ............................................................................... xi Acknowledgements .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Report
    PROJECT ON BUSINESS AND POLITICS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD AFRICA REPORT Third Quarterly Report on Africa July to September 2008 Volume: 1 Reports for the month of July 2008 Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Ijaz Shafi Gilani Contributors Abbas S Lamptey Snr Research Associate Reports on Sub-Saharan AFrica Abdirisak Ismail Research Assistant Reports on East Africa INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD BUSINESS AND POLITICS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD AFRICA REPORT Third Quarterly Report on Asia July to September 2008 Volume: 1 Reports for the month of July 2008 Department of Politics and International Relations International Islamic University Islamabad 2 BUSINESS AND POLITICS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD AFRICA REPORT Third Quarterly Report on Africa 2008 Table of contents Reports for the month of July Week-1 July 08, 2008 05 Week-2 July 15, 2008 95 Week-3 July 22, 2008 241 Week-4 July 29, 2008 366 Country profiles Sources 3 4 BUSINESS AND POLITICS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD Weekly Presentation: July 8, 2008 Sub-Saharan Africa Abbas S Lamptey Period: June 29 to July 5, 2008 THE HEADLINES 1. CHINA -AFRICA RELATIONS WEST AFRICA • Nigeria: Phase3 Telecom Partners Chinese Firm for Additional Rollout: Daily Trust (Abuja): 30 June 2008. SOUTHERN AFRICA • South Africa: Reality Check: Business Day (Johannesburg): EDITORIAL: 4 July 2008. • Angola: Govt And China Sign Financial Accord: Angola Press Agency (Luanda): 4 July 2008. • Angola: Chinese Communist Party Hails Political Stability, Economic Growth: Angola Press Agency (Luanda): 3 July 2008. • Angola: President Eduardo Dos Santos Analyses Cooperation With China: Angola Press Agency (Luanda): 3 July 2008. • Namibia: Major Chinese Building Firms 'Not AA Compliant’: The Namibian (Windhoek): 1 July 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Militancy in Niger Delta Pdf
    Militancy in niger delta pdf Continue The conflict in the Niger DeltaMap Nigeria numerically shows the states, usually considered part of the Niger Delta region: 1. Abya, 2. Aqua Ibom, 3. Bayelsa, 4. Cross River, 5. Delta, 6. Edo, 7.Imo, 8. Ondo, 9. RiversDate2003-present (17 years) Location Nigeria Delta Niger Abigail State Aqua Ibo State Bayels State Cross River State Edo State Ondo State Ondo StateStatus Current 15,000 militants signed for presidential amnesty Abigail State Aqua Ibo State Bayels Cross River State State-backed: Belarus 12 Israel 3 4 Niger Delta Avengers (2016-present) Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate (2016- present) Joint Forces Liberation of the Niger Delta Delta (2016-present) Joint Forces Liberation of the Niger Delta (2016-present) 2016-present) Niger Delta Red Squad (2016-present) Adaka Boro Avengers (2016-present) Asawana Deadly Force Delta Niger (2016-present) Niger Delta Revolutionary Crusaders (2016-present) New Delta Avengers (2017-present) Delta Niger Marine Force (2017-present) Reformed Brotherhood of Egbesu Red Egbesu Water Lions (2016-present) Reformed Boys Egbesu Delta of Niger (2016-present) Egbesu Mightier Brotherhood (2016-present) Movement for the Liberation of the Niger Delta (2016-present) Niger Delta (2004-2014) United Revolutionary Council (2014) 2004-2004) United Revolutionary Council (2004-2014) Delta Niger (2004-2014) : IPOB Elements: Commander Muhammadu Buhari (2015-present) Bashir Salihi Magasi (2019-present) Abayoi Olonisakin (2015-present) Former : Olusyun Obasanjo (2003-07) ) Umaru
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Peace Review, Vol. 16, No1, 2020 Nigeria's Leadership Role in United Nations Peace Support Operations: Challenges and P
    Africa Peace Review, Vol. 16, No1, 2020 Godwin Onu www.aprndc.com Arinze Ngwube ISSN 1118-7204 Nigeria’s Leadership Role in United Nations Peace Support Operations: Challenges and Prospects Godwin Onu Arinze Ngwube Abstract Nigeria has continued to play her role in peace support operations under the Keywords auspices of the UN, AU and ECOWAS. She is one of the troop-contributing countries with vast field countries. Nigeria was once the largest troop- Peace Support contributing nation on the continent and the fifth largest in the World to UNO Operations; PSO in 2013. Nigeria operates mainly within the sphere of troop contributors, Nigeria; but her status is declining when other countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Leadership Ethiopia and Rwanda, among others, are reaping enormous political and financial gain from their significant contributions to PSO. It is expected that Nigeria should rise to new levels of peacekeeping not just participating by way of deploying troops as part of UN obligation to maintain peace and security in various parts of the world, but strategically utilizing her field experiences to shape new thinking on peacekeeping. This article answered some of the questions raised. Its source of data was essentially secondary literature, involving books, journals and articles on the subject matter. There is absence of coherent model for meeting contingent owned equipment requirements in adherence to UN standards, while the flow of information and communication between MOD and MFA as regard PSO is also incoherent. There is also an absence of a National Policy on PSO even though there has been a draft since 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Aus-Africa Dialogue Reflections and Recommendations 11–12 July 2013 2 Special Report
    SPECIAL REPORT November 2013 Aus-Africa Dialogue Reflections and recommendations 11–12 July 2013 2 Special Report Contents Foreword 3 The Hon Julie Bishop, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs His Excellency Raila Odinga, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya Aide-mémoire 4 Peter Jennings, Executive Director, ASPI and Greg Mills, Director, The Brenthurst Foundation Key reflections and recommendations 7 Terence McNamee, Deputy Director of the Brenthurst Foundation and Anthony Bergin, Deputy Director of ASPI Background paper 1: Africa and Australia: together on the long walk to peace and prosperity 12 Sabrina Joy Smith, PhD candidate at the Centre for the Study of the African Great Lakes Region, Institute of Development Policy and Management, Antwerp, Belgium. Background paper 2: Is Africa the new frontier in emerging markets? 18 John Asafu-Adjaye, Associate Professor, School of Economics, University of Queensland. Agenda 28 Participants – Australian 31 Participants – African 35 Aus-Africa Dialogue 2013: reflections and recommendations 3 Foreword The Hon Julie Bishop, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs His Excellency Raila Odinga, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya I congratulate ASPI and the Brenthurst Foundation on the success of this inaugural Aus-Africa Dialogue, held at Bunker I was delighted to participate in the inaugural ‘Aus-Africa Bay, Western Australia, in July. I was pleased to speak at Dialogue’ in Bunker Bay, Western Australia in July. I would the Dialogue and participate in the excellent panel and like to extend my sincere thanks to our Australian hosts, as roundtable discussions. well as First Quantum Minerals for their kind support of the Dialogue.
    [Show full text]
  • Representative Bureaucracy and the Challenges of Diversity Management in Nigeria
    Journal of Public Administration Volume 2, Issue 2, 2020, PP 15-22 ISSN 2642-8318 Representative Bureaucracy and the Challenges of Diversity Management in Nigeria Ughulu, Eghoikhunu Stella1*, Omamor, Patience Amaka2 1Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria 2Department of Public Administration, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Ughulu, Eghoikhunu Stella, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria ABSTRACT The adoption and application of Representative bureaucracy in Nigeria’s public administrative system arose out of the need to manage its diverse populace, to achieve national integration and sustainable development. However the above purpose has not been achieved over the years, thus, this study attempts to examine representative bureaucracy as a tool of diversity management in Nigeria public service, to achieve national integration, nation building and sustainable development. The study utilized the secondary method of data collection and found that the major challenges in diversity management through the application of representative bureaucracy in Nigeria are Lack of meritocracy and heavy presence of ethnocentrism in the public sector. It however, recommended that the principle of merit should be applied in public service employment and appointment as well as admissions into Nigeria tertiary institutions and equal opportunity for all irrespective of ethnic or religious affiliation. Keywords: Representative Bureaucracy; Federal Character Principle; Public Administration, Nigeria and Diversity Management INTRODUCTION groups in the country and represent the open competition of democracy (Van-Riper, 1958). The application of the principle of bureaucracy varies to a great extent from country to country Representative bureaucracy as used interchangeably depending on a country‘s historical background with federal character principle in this study, in and the people concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting African Peace Operations
    ‘I welcome the publication of this volume which contains most salient issues that need to be considered when discussing the contributions of AU peace operations to the maintenance of international peace and security. The dynamics around the international support for African peace operations provide both opportunities and challenges which need to be pragmatically scrutinized as has been done in this volume. I therefore highly recommend this volume to readers that are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the issues and challenges involved in contemporary AU- UN support arrangements.’ Ambassador Boubacar G. Diarra ‘In all, this is a valuable contribution to the emerging body of knowledge on inter- organisational cooperative arrangements in Peace Operations.’ Markus Derblom, Head, Department for Peace Support Operations, FOI SUPPORTING AFRICAN PEACE OPERATIONS Edited by Linnéa Gelot, Ludwig Gelot and Cedric de Coning The Nordic Africa Institute Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2012 3 NAI Policy Dialogue is a series of short reports on policy relevant issues concer- ning Africa today. Aimed at professionals working within aid agencies, minis- tries of foreign affairs, NGOs and media, these reports aim to inform the public debate and to generate input in the sphere of policymaking. The writers are researchers and scholars engaged in African issues from several discipli- nary points of departure. Most have an institutional connection to the Nordic Africa Institute or its research networks. The reports are internally endorsed and reviewed externally. Indexing terms Africa Civil war Conflicts Peace corps Peacebuilding Peacekeeping International cooperation International security The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainsitutet.
    [Show full text]
  • Aus-Africa Dialogue Reflections and Recommendations 11–12 July 2013 2 Special Report
    SPECIAL REPORT November 2013 Aus-Africa Dialogue Reflections and recommendations 11–12 July 2013 2 Special Report Contents Foreword 3 The Hon Julie Bishop, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs His Excellency Raila Odinga, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya Aide-mémoire 4 Peter Jennings, Executive Director, ASPI and Greg Mills, Director, The Brenthurst Foundation Key reflections and recommendations 7 Terence McNamee, Deputy Director of the Brenthurst Foundation and Anthony Bergin, Deputy Director of ASPI Background paper 1: Africa and Australia: together on the long walk to peace and prosperity 12 Sabrina Joy Smith, PhD candidate at the Centre for the Study of the African Great Lakes Region, Institute of Development Policy and Management, Antwerp, Belgium. Background paper 2: Is Africa the new frontier in emerging markets? 18 John Asafu-Adjaye, Associate Professor, School of Economics, University of Queensland. Agenda 28 Participants – Australian 31 Participants – African 35 Aus-Africa Dialogue 2013: reflections and recommendations 3 Foreword The Hon Julie Bishop, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs His Excellency Raila Odinga, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya I congratulate ASPI and the Brenthurst Foundation on the success of this inaugural Aus-Africa Dialogue, held at Bunker I was delighted to participate in the inaugural ‘Aus-Africa Bay, Western Australia, in July. I was pleased to speak at Dialogue’ in Bunker Bay, Western Australia in July. I would the Dialogue and participate in the excellent panel and like to extend my sincere thanks to our Australian hosts, as roundtable discussions. well as First Quantum Minerals for their kind support of the Dialogue.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Security Sector Governance and Military Reform in Nigeria E
    CHAPTER 6 Democratic Security Sector Governance and Military Reform in Nigeria E. Remi Aiyede Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Introduction Nigeria began to reform its security sector as part of the transition from mil- itary to civilian rule at the start of the new millennium. The reforms began with an effort to convince the armed forces to return to their barracks and keep to their constitutional role as guardians of the state. Elections were con- ducted and a civilian administration took control of the government and military in a short transition programme organised by General Abdulsalami Abubakar’s regime. The Obasanjo Government (1999 – 2007) implemented a series of reforms to strengthen political institutions after years of tyranny and economic recession. The National Economic Empowerment and Devel- opment Strategy focused on four main areas: improving the macroeconomic environment, pursuing structural reforms, strengthening the management of public expenditure, and implementing legal and statutory reforms. The Vision 20:2020 document became the blue print for the drive to make Nigeria the 20th largest and most competitive economy in the world (NNPC 2009). Although there were no explicit references to the reform of the security sector in these documents, the Obasanjo Government sought international assistance to support its military reform process. External agencies involved in the reform of the military included a private corporation, Military Profes- sional Resources Incorporated (known commercially as MPRI), the Amer- ican government’s International Military Education and Training programme How to cite this book chapter: Aiyede, E R. 2015. Democratic Security Sector Governance and Military Reform in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa Yearbook
    AFRICA YEARBOOK AFRICA YEARBOOK Volume 4 Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007 EDITED BY ANDREAS MEHLER HENNING MELBER KLAAS VAN WALRAVEN SUB-EDITOR AMIN KAMETE LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISSN 1871-2525 ISBN 978 90 04 16805 3 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Contents i. Preface ........................................................................................................... vii ii. List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................... ix iii. Factual Overview ........................................................................................... xiii I. Sub-Saharan Africa (Andreas Mehler, Henning Melber & Klaas van Walraven) ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]