Tm 9-1345-200

*TM 9-1345-200

Technical Manual HEADQUARTERS, -DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMY No. Y-1345-200 WASHINGTON 25, D. C. 8 June 1964 LAND MINES

Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. GENERAL Section I. INTRODUCTION Scope...... Arrangement of text...... Forms and reports...... Errors and omissions...... II. General Discussion Land mines ...... 5 4 Boobytraps ...... 6 8 Mine complete round ...... 7 8 Classification ...... 8 11 Identification ...... 9 11 Care, handling, and preservation ...... 10 13 Packing and marking for shipment ...... 11 15 Transportation ...... 12 15 CHAPTER 2. ANTIPERSONNEL MINES Section I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes General .. .' ...... 13 16 Mine, antipersonnel, M2A4 with fuze, mine, combination, M6Al ..... 14 18 Fuze, mine, combination, M6Al ...... 15 21 Mine, antipersonnel, M3 with fuze, mine, combination, M7Al ...... 16 21 Fuze, mine, combination, M7Al ...... 17 23 Mine, antipersonnel, M16Al with fuze, mine, combination, M605. .... 18 24 Fuze, mine, combination, M605 ...... 19 29 Mine, antipersonnel, M 18A 1 and accesssories ...... 20 29 Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) with carrying kit, M68 (T66) or M69 (T67)...... 21 42 Mine, antipersonnel, nonmetallic (NM), Ml4 with integral fuze ...... 22 45 II. Practice Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes General ...... 23 48 Mine, antipersonnel, M3 empty with fuze, mine, combination, M7A1, inert...... 24 50 Mine, antipersonnel, M2 (all mods) inert with fuze, mine, combination, M2, M2Al or M6A1 inert ...... 25 50 Mine, antipersonnel, M16Al inert with fuze, mine, combination, M605 inert ...... 26 51 Mine, antipersonnel, practice, M8 and fuze, mine, combination,...... 27 51 Fuze, mine, combination, practice, Ml0 or MlOAl practice ...... 28 54 Mine, antipersonnel, NM, Ml7 (T34) with integral fuze ...... 29 55 CHAPTER 3. ANTITANK MINES Section I. Service Antitank Mines and Fuzes General ...... 30 58 Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, Ml5 with fuze, mine, AT M603 and activator, Ml...... 31 59 Fuze, mine, antitank, M603...... 32 63

*This manual supersedes TM g-1940, 17 May 1956, including Cl, 5 June 1957, C2, 7 October 1957, C4, 30 August 1961, and C5, 24 April 1962; TB 9-1940-13, 18 June 1956; TB 9-1345-200/l, 13 July 1960; TB 41345-200/3, 29 Sep- tember 1960, including Cl, 18 June 1962; and TB g-1345-200/4, 2 October 1961, including C2, 5 August 1963; that portion of TB 3-300-2, 27 May 1959 which pertains to bursters for land mines, and so much of TB Cml 76, 2 September 1960, and TM 3-300,14 August 1956, including C2, 5 May 1958. C3, 25 August 1959, and C5, 24 May 1962, as pertains to land mines.

1 Paragraph Page

Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, M21 with fuze, mine, combination, M607 . . 33 64 . Mine, antitank, NM, Ml9 (T18) with fuze, mine, combination M606. ... 34 71 Activator, antitank mine, Ml and M2 (T3El) ...... ; ...... 35 84 II. Practice Antitank Mines and Fuzes General ...... 36 85 Heavy practice antitank mines...... 37 87 Light practice antitank mines ...... 38 91 Mine, antitank, NM, M19, inert with fuze, M606, inert...... 39 96 Activator, antitank mine, practice, Ml...... 40 96 CHAPTER 4. INCENDIARY BURSTER AND CHEMICAL MINES Section I. Incendiary Burster General ...... 41 98 II. Chemical Mines General ...... 42 100 Mine, land, chemical, l-gallon...... 43 100 Mine, chemical agent, VX, M23 ...... 44 102 CHAPTER 5. RELATED ITEMS General ...... 45 105 Demolition materials ...... 46 105 Pyrotechnics ...... 47 107 Antipersonnel mine clearing devices...... 48 107 Antitank mine clearing devices ...... 49 109 CHAPTER 6. DESTRUCTION OF LAND MINES TO PREVENT ENEMY USE General ...... 50 116 Methods ...... 51 116 APPENDIX I. REFERENCES...... 118 II. COMPLETEROUNDDATA ...... 121 III. INDEXOFFORMERNAMES ...... 123 INDEX ...... 124

2 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL

Section I. INTRODUCTION

1. Scope Mine, antitank, HE, light, M7 w/o a. This manual provides technical in- fuze formation on the identification, care, hand- Mine, antitank, HE, light, M7A2 ling, and use of land mines in Federal w/fuze, mine, AT, M603 supply classification (FSC) 1345 and their Mine, antitank, practice, NM, M9 w/ or w/o fuze, mine, AT, chem- components. It also provides general tech- ical, M12, practice nical information on items from other FSC So me FSC class 1370 items classes which are used with these land (demolition materials) mines. Some FSC class 1375 items b. For information on doctrine and tech- (pyrotechnics) nique for the tactical employment of land mines and related items, refer to FM 20-32. 2. Arrangement of Text c. This manual differs fromTM g-1940, a. Chapter 1 outlines the manual and

May 1956, as follows: l provides general information on the types (1) Adds information on: of mines, complete rounds, explosive Mine, antipersonnel, M16A1, and trains, classification, identification, care, fuze, mine, combination, M605 handling and preservation, storage, pack- Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) ing and marking for shipment, and trans- w/carrying kit M68 (T66) portation. Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) b. Chapter 2 contains physical descrip- w/carrying kit M69 (T67) tions, data, and technical instructions for Mine, antipersonnel, M18Al the use of antipersonnel mines and relative (T48E3), and accessories items, Mine, antipersonnel, M3, inert c. Chapter 3 contains physical descrip- Mine, antitank, HE, NM, Ml9 tions, data, and technical instructions for Pw the use of antitank mines and related Mine, antitank, practice, M20 items. (T38) d. Chapter 4 contains physical descrip- Mine, antitank, heavy, HE, M21 tions, data, and technical instructions for Fuze, mine, M606 (T1202E2) the use of chemical rnines and related Fuze, mine, antitank, M607 items. Burster, incendiary, M4 e. Chapter 5 contains general technical Mine, land, chemical, HD, l-gal- information on items from other FSC lon classes which are used with land mines. Mine, chemical agent, VX, M23 L Chapter 6 contains instructions for (2) Changes the information on nomen- the destruction of land mines and compo- clature, marking, and packaging nents to prevent enemy use. for a number of items. g. Appendix I contains a list of refer- (3) Deletes information on: ences to be used in conjuction with this (a) Fuze, mine, chemical AT, NM, manual. M12, practice h. Appendix II contains complete round (b) Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, M6A2 data on land mines. w/fuze, mine, M603 i. Appendix III contains a list of former

3 item names with their current Federal 5. Land Mines item name. a. General. Land mines (fig. 1) are ex- __ plosive items .which may be planted in the 3. Forms and Reports path of the enemy to hinder his movement a. Authorized Forms. The forms gen- or to deny him access to certainterritory. erally applicable to units using or main- The mines are generally concealed andso taining land mines and components are rigged that they will be initiated by the listed in Appendix I. For a listing of all enemy’s presence or contact (fig. 2) ex- forms refer to DA Pam 310-2. For in- cept in instances where the mines may be structions on the use of these forms, refer initiated by remote control, Mines may to FM 9-6. produce casualties by direct explosive b. Field Report of Accidents. Accidents force, fragmentation, shaped-charge ef- or malfunctions involving the use of am- fect, or by release of harassing agents or munition which occur during training or lethal gas. A detailed discussion of tactical combat will be reported immediately to employment of land mines may be foundin the qualified ammunition representative FM 3-5, FM 20-32, and FM 31-10. under whose supervision the ammunition b. Description. Since land mines have for the unit involved is maintained or various uses, they come in a variety of issued. The report will be made by the types, sizes, and shapes and may also officer in charge or by the senior non- differ in material, quantity or type of ex- commissioned officer or enlisted man of plosive charge, incendiary or chemical the unit involved. All available pertinent content, or fuze type. Some mines are facts will be included in the report. It is boobytrapped to discourage neutralization; the duty of the qualified ammunition rep- others have built-inmortars whichproject resentative to investigate thoroughly all them into the air for wider fragment dis- cases of malfunction or accident observed tribution. Directional fragmentation-type by him or reported to him and to report mines are aimed by sighting mechanisms __ all such cases as outlined in AR 700- and some mines are aimed by remotely 1300-8. controlled firing devices. Except for chem- c. Fires. Fires or explosions followed ical mines, which have no explosive by fire involving loss of life or damage to charge, most mines are fuzed to detonate property in excess of fifty dollars will be near the target. reported in accordance with AR 385-40. (1) Body. The bodies, some of which Fires involving in-use vehicles are ex- have actuator or secondary fuze empt from this requirement. wells, usually serve as a fuze d. Report of Hazardous Conditions In- holder and explosive charge con- volving Military Eqlosives or Ammuni- tainer. Depending upon the degree tion. Report actual or potentially hazard- of nondetectability or fragmenta- ous concentrations of ammunition or tion desired, cast or sheet metal explosives and hazardous conditions which or plastics are used in body con- appear inadequately covered by existing struction. For identification, they regulations to U.S. Army Materiel Com- are marked and painted as de- mand for review by Armed Services Ex- scribed in paragraph 9. plosive Safety Board. See AR 385-60 for (2) Explosive charge. The major com- further instructions. ponent of the nonchemical mine is the explosive charge, which pro- 4. Errors and Omissions vides the energy necessary for the Any errors in, or omissions from this mine to accomplish its mission. manual will be reported on DA Form2028 This energy may come in direct and forwarded direct to the Commanding contact with the target, or may be Officer, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New used to propel a fragmentated pro- Jersey, ATTN: SMUPA-DC5. jectile or a single, solidmetal slug

4 -

HEAVY

LIGHT

NObi. METALLIC

ANTI-TANK

BOUNDING TYPE

BLAST TYPE

FRAGMENTATION TYPE

ANTI-PERSONNEL

CHEMICAL ORD D749

Figure 1. Representative types of land mines.

5 LOCKING SAFETY PIN PRESSURE

RUBBER ‘GASKET PoslTtvF SAFETY PIN

RELEASE-PIN RING

SAFETY PINS ON ANTIPERSONNEL MINE FUZE

SAFETY FORK

I / SECTION OF PRESSURE PLATE FUZE BODY OF FUZE SAFETY FORK ON ANTITANK MINE FUZE ORD D752

Figure 3. Safety devices on antipersonnel Figure 2. lnitiating actions on antipersonnel and antitank mine fuzes. and antitank Tines. personnel. The two basic types of by means of a shaped charge. Anti- antipersonnel mines are: vehicular mine s usually depend (a) Fragmentation. This type mine upon direct contact, but a shaped depends on its ability to cover a _- charge aimed at the sides or belly fair 1 y wide area with high- of a tank or wheel of a vehicle is velocity fragments. The effective sometimes used. The type of ex- range of fragmentation mines is plosive used for the main charge - much greater than that of the tetryl, TNT, H6, Comp B, Comp blast type. There are three basic C4, or the like - is selected on the fragmentation-type mines. basis of highest detonation con- 1. Boundi@. This type mine is sistant with ease of loading, com- placed beneath the surface of patibility, logistics, etc. the ground. When the mine ex- (3) I+zes. The mechanical or electro- plodes, a fragmentationprojec- mechanical land mine fuze is tile is expelled from the mine usually activated by direct pres- body. The ascending projectile sure from the target, suchas being explodes at a height of approxi- runover or stepped upon, or by mately 2 meters above the pressure exerted upon a trip-wire ground, causing fragments to be or tilt-rod. Fuzes contain safety propelled laterally in all direc- elements to inhibit accidental fir- tions. ing, and most mines are issued 2. Fined nondirectional. This type fitzed; however, special-purpose mine is placed on, or just be- fuzes may be used with the demo- neath, the surface of the ground. lition materials described in chap- When the mine explodes, frag- ter 4. ments are propelled upward and c. Types. outward in all directions. (1) Antipersonnel (APERS) mines. An- 3. Fixed directional. T hi s type tipersonnel mine s (fig. 1) are mine is placed on the groundor -. designed for use against enemy attached to an obstacle, sucha:

6 a tree, pole, etc., and at the tive. The presence of HE mines expected path of the enemy. reduces traversal speed, thereby When the mine explodes, frag- forcing greater exposure to chem- ments are propelled outward in ical kontaminates. The presence of a fanshaped pattern (60 degree chemical mines slows breaching arc) above the ground. This type operations as it discourages rapid mine may be initiated by the mine-clearing techniques. Chem- approaching enemy or a remote ical land mines may be initiated by control device. action of the enemy or by remote (b) Blast. This type mine (fig. 1) control, Chemical mines are depends for its effect on direct shipped empty, with the exception force developed by its explosion. of the chemical mine M23. Refer The mine functions without delay to TM 3-255 for filling instructions while still in contact with the and refer to FM 3-5, FM 20-32 enemy who has initiated it. and FM 31-10 for tactical employ- (2) Antitankmines. Antitank mines are ment of chemical land mines, All used to immobilize or destroy chemical mines depend on blast enemy tanks or other vehicles. effect for dispersing the chemical Blast type mines are generally agent. The weather, type terrain, employed in minefields and are and soil affect the period of time usually laid on, or slightly below, for which these chemical agents the surface of the ground. They are effective. There are two rep- consist of a charge of high explo- rsentative types of chemical sive, usually 3 to.22 pounds in cur- mines, persistent and nonpersis- rent standard mines, in a metallic tent. or nonmetallic casing fitted with a (a) Persistent chemical mines are primary fuze, with provisions for those whose agents remain in attachment of one or two secondary effect, at point of release, for 10 fuzes. Ordinarily, antitank mines minutes or more. require a pressure of 300 to 400 (b) Nonpersistent chemical mines pounds for actuation, but they can are those remaining in effect for be exploded by being stepped on by less than 10 minutes. running troops. One of the newer (4) Improvised mines. An improvised type antitank mines (par. 33) de- mine is one which is made of any rives its effectiveness to immo- available m ate r i a 1. Improvised bilize or destroy enemy tanks from mines are used when standard its ability to project a mass of steel mines are not available or are in- upward at a high velocity. The two capable of producing the desired general classes of antitank mines results. are heavy and light. Warning: In view of the nature of (3) Chemical mines. These mines are improvised mines, appropriate designed to disperse chemical precautions should be observed agents from fixed locations, and to in laying, markings reporting, provide area contamination in bar- and breaching of minefields. rier and nuisance minefields. The (5) Phony mines. Phony mines, as the chemical agent may be in liquidor name implies, are not real mines. vapor form. The chemical mine They usually consist of scrap ma- may be used in anti-tank mine- terial or some disturbed earth fields or elesewhere as an anti- improvised in the field to simulate personnel mine. Composite mine- an actual mine emplacement. Phony fields containing chemical land minefields may be used to supple- mines and HE antipersonnel anti- ment a live minefield. They are tank mines are particularly effec- laid principally to deceive, delay,

7 and confuse the enemy. Phony from a nonelectrical blasting cap and ex- mines should not be confused with plosive material such as demolition blocks inert issue mines, which are used or coils of detonating cord. Severalmeth- for training in handling live issue ods of boobytrapping mines are shown in mines. For information on em- figures 4 and 5. For further information ployment of phony mines, refer to on booby-trapping, see FM 5-31. FM 20-32. (6) Practice and training mines. Prac- tice mines are of the same size, 7. Mine Complete Round weight, and shape as service mines a. Definition. A mine complete round but contain a small smoke puff and consists of all explosive and non-explosive noise charge consisting of black components of a mine necessary for it to powder or pyrotechnic composition function. A complete round may be issued instead of a high explosive. Inert with all components in the same packing mines, which are usually the metal container or with components shipped or plastic parts of service mines, separately for assembly in the field. A either empty or filled with inert table of complete round data may be found materials such as sand, are pro- in appendix II. vided for training in handling. Inert b. EqHosive Train. An explosive train mines contain no explosives or is a sequence of explosive elements be- pyrotechnic mixtures. ginning with a small amount of highly sensitive explosive, followed by other elements of progressively larger amounts 6. Boobytraps and lesser sensitivity, until the large, A boobytrap is an explo’sive charge which relatively insensitive main charge is is exploded when an unsuspecting person reached. This ratio of sensitivity toquan- disturbs an apparently harmless object, or tity is maintained in the interest of greater performs a presumably safe act. Abooby- safety. To insure that the full potentiality trapped mine is any mine having a supple- of the main high-explosive charge is mentary fuze or separate charge so ar- realized, a specific sequence must befol- ranged that it will detonate the mine when lowed from the triggering of the fuze to the mine is disturbed, even though the the detonation of the main charge. At min- main fuze has been removed. Most anti- imum, a primer, a detonator having at tank mines have one or more secondary least two explosives, abooster, andamain fuze wells but current antipersonnel mines charge are required. At times, however, do not. These wells are of two types: those the train becomes more complicated and adapted to receive firing devices with a other elements are needed. The bounding base coupling and those adapted to receive type mine (fig. 6) is a good example. The an activator. (An activator is an explosive explosive trains for antipersonnel and item which is essentially a detonator- antitank mines are described in (1) and booster acting as an adapter between the (2) below. firing device and the mine, through the (1) Antipersonnel mines. The explo- secondary fuze well.) Those mines which sive trains in the bounding type do not contain secondary fuze wells may antipersonnel mine are shown in be boobytrapped by connecting a firing figure 6* This type mine has two device to the mine so as to explode a explosive trains: propelling charge separate charge when the mine is dis- explosive train and high explosive turbed. There are three types of booby- train. Operation of the propelling trapping devices - antilift, antipull, and charge explosive train causes ejec- antitilt- which are activated by firing tion of the fragmentation shell or devices or by an improvised electrical body from the outer case. When circuit. connected to electrical blasting the shell or body reaches a pre- caps. Boobytraps may also be improvised determine height from the surface

8 -

Figure 4. Boobytrapped antipersonnel mine. 3. Belay charge. The delay charge ignites the relay charge which of the ground, the high explosive activates the igniter charge. tram detonates, causing fragments 4. Igniter charge. The relay of the shell or body to be dispersed charge ignites the igniter charge in a circular pattern, The two ex- which burns with sufficient in- plosive trains mentioned above are tensity to set off the propelling described as follows: charge. (a) Propelling charge explosive 5. Propelling charge. The propel- train. The components of the ling charge throws the high- propelling charge explosive train explosive-filled shell or body are shown in figure 6. This explosive train functions as described in 2 through 5 below. 1. Percussion primer. The fuze firing pin strikes the percussion primer and initiates the priming composition which is very sensitive and capable of being initiated by mechanical shock. The percussion primer emits a small, intense spit of flame downward. 2. Belay charge. The flame from the percussion primer ignites the delay charge which burns for a predetermined period. Figure 5. Boobytrapped antitank mine.

9 1. PE 5. i FRAGMENTATION CHARGE (BURSTING --ICHARGE /

-4. BOOSTER CHARGE PROPELLING CHARGE HIGH- EXPLOSIVE 3 DETONATOR EXPLOSIVE TRAIN TRAIN

2. PRIMER MIXTURE

1. DELAY CHARGE 5. P

ORD u753

Figure 6. Explosive trains in bounding type antipersonnel mine.

into the air and also initiates sive until the projectile attains the delay charge of the high- sufficient height to produce an explosive train. effective fragmentation pattern (b) High-eqdosive train. The com- upon detonation. ponents of the high-explosive 2. Primer mixture. After the time train are shown in figure 6. This lag has elapsed, the delay charge explosive train functions as de- sets off the primer mixture. scribed in 1 through 5 below. 3. Detonator charge. The f 1 ash 1. DeIsy charge. The propelling from the primer mixture sets charge ignites the delay charge off the detonator charge. as it propels the high-explosive 4. Booster charge. The detona- projectile from the mine case. tion wave from the detonator The delay charge burns, delay- charge sets off the booster ing detonation of the highexplo- charge. The booster chargere-

10 SIDE SECONDARY FUZE WELL (MAY ALSO HAVE inforces and strengthens the SECONDARY HIGH EXPLOSIVE TRAIN OR MAY BE PLUGGEli detonation wave, thus assuring detonation of the main charge, 5. Fragm en fa tion (bursting) charge. The detonation wave from the booster charge sets off the fragmentation charge, which ruptures the projectile case and projects the fragments in all directions at high velocity. (2) Antitank mines. The e xp 1o s i v e trains in a typical antitank mine are shown in figure 7. All antitank mines have a main or primaryex- plosive train which is initiated by ORD D154 action of the weight of the vehicle Figure 7. Explosive trains in antitank mine. on the fuze. This explosive train is essentially the same as the high- explosive train described in (b) mines, the designation “HE” appears in the above except that a delay charge is nomenclature. In the case of practice not always included and the primer mines, the word “practice” appears in mixture is set off directly by the nomenclature. In the case of inert mines, mechanical actidn of the fuze. De- which are used for training in handling, lay elements, however, may be the word “inert” or “empty” appears in added to give the tank time to move the nomenclature. well over the mine before the ex- plosiion takes place (fig. 45). The 9. Identification mine may also have one or more a. General. Land mines are identified by secondary explosive trains which standard nomenclature, lot number, model, are substantially the same as the painting, marking, and ammunition iden- primary explosive train, differing tification code symbol, Such means of principally in the mechanical ar- identification are used on all packingcon- rangement of the assembled fuzes. tainers and, unless the item is too small, The secondary explosive trains are on the item itself. usually part of the boobytrapping b. Standard Nomenclature. Standard no- installations (par. 6). menclature is established so that each item may be identified specifically by 8. Classification name. The standard nomenclature for am- a. Land mines are classified, according munition and explosive items consists of to their use, as “antipersonnel” and “anti- an item name and a colon (:) followed by tank”. Under very limited conditions, an sufficient additional information about the antitank Kline might be used for antiper- item of supply to differentiate between sonnel purposes, but if so used it wouldbe items having the same item name. An ex- very inefficient. Antipersonnel mines are ample of complete nomenclature for a mine ineffective against tanks. Antitank mines is: MINE, ANTITANK: HE, heavy, M15, could be used under special conditions for and fuze, mine., AT, M603 and activator, improvised demolition purposes, and some Ml. demolition explosives could be used as c. Ammunition Lot Number. When am- improvised mines. munition is manufactured, an ammunition b. Land mines are classified according lot number, which becomes an essential to purpose as “serviceff or “practice,” and part of the marking, is assigned in ac- according to filler as “high-explosive” or cordance with pertinent specifications, “inert. ” In the case of service antitank The lot number for mines consists of the

11 loader’s initials or symbols, and the lot tion. Items of Navy design are designated number. This lot number is stamped or MK (abbreviation for “Mark”) instead of marked on every mine and on all packing M, and Navy modifications are designated containers. It is required for all purposes “Mod” and appropriate Arabic numeral of record, including reports on condition, instead of A and appropriate Arabic nu- functioning, or accidents, in which the meral. ammunition may be involved. In any one e. Painting and Marking. lot of ammunition, the components usedin (1) Painting. Ammunition is painted the assembly are manufactured under as to retard rusting of exposed metal nearly identical conditions as practicable. parts, to aid in identification of d. Model. To ident if y a particular type, and to indicate type of filler, design, a model designation is assignedat such as high or low explosive, or the time the item is classified as an adopted tOXiC. type. This model designation becomes an (a) HE mines and related items are essential part of the standard nomencla- painted olive drab with yellow ture and is included in the marking on the markings. Some items may also item. The present method of model desig- have yellow stripes or bands, or nation consists of the letter M followed by have their closing plugs painted an Arabic numeral. Modifications are in- yellow. dicated by adding the letter A and appro- (b) Practice mines are painted blue priate Arabic numerals. Thus, “M6Al” and marked in white. Under %ewV7 indicated the first modification of an item system, practice mines contain- for which the original model designation ing low .explosives are tan was M6. Modifications *which are func- color - blue, white and brown. tionally identical with the original model (c) Inert mines are painted black but which have manufacturing differences (old) or blue (new) with markings, may be designated by the letter B and an including the word “INERT”, in Arabic numeral. When a particular design white. The M2 and M3 series __ has been accepted for a limited procure- either have a l/4-inch hole on ment and service test, only the model each side or have the filler cap designation is indicated by the letter T or omitted, thus providing an 1-3/4- XM and an Arabic numeral, and modifica- inch hole on one side. tions by the addition of E and an Arabic (d) There are two systems of color- numeral. In such cases, if the design sub- coding for chemical ammunition. sequently should be standardized, the M That of older manufacture is in designation is assigned; hence there may accordance with the Pi ve-Ele- be encountered some lots still carrying merit Marking System and that of the original T designation (not yet re- more recent manufacture with marked to show the later standardized M the Standard Ammunition Color- designation). There is no direct relation- Coding System. Table IA com- ship between the numerical designations pares the two systems. of a T item and that of the item when Note. All c h e m i c a 1 ammunition has a standardized and assigned an M designa- background color of gray. Table IA. Color Coding Sg (sterns for Chemical Ammunition

Type of ammunition Five-element marking system Standard ammunition* color-coding system

Persistant casualty chemical Gray, green markings, and two green Gray, green markings, two 1/2- agents. bands or stripes. inch green bands or stripes. Nerve agmtg -----_-______Gray, green markings and either two Gray, green markings, * three or three green bands or stripes. l/2-inch green bands. Incendiary burster ------Olive drab and 1 yellow band------Light red, marking in black and 1 yellow band. *Under “Standard Ammunition Color-coding System” only, chemical ammunition containing high explosive has one I/,-inch yellow band in addition to other markings.

12 Caution; Ammunition which has been “1345-096-3155 (C605),‘+ or as a hyphen- color-coded and marked according to the ated suffix to a FSC classification code such older system (TM 9-1900 and TM 3-300) as “1345-C605,” In the second form it is will be-on hand for several years. There- known as a *!DOD Ammunition Code”. When fore, special care should be taken to as- requisitioning ammunition, the using unit sure that all ammunition, whether color- will normally use the DOD ammunition coded according to the older or the newer code. However, if a particular item, model, system, is properly and fully identified. or pack is desired, requisition by FSN and f, D& Card. An ammunition data card DODIC is authorized, but justification for prepared in accordance with pertinent such requests must be shownonthe requi- specifications for each lot of ammunition. sition. FSN’s suffixed with ide nti c al Copies are forwarded with each shipment DQDIC’s are functionally interchangeable of ammunition. In addition to the ammuni- and are considered as suitable substitutes tion lot number, the data card gives the lot for one another for supply purposes. numbers of the components and other pertinent information concerning the ammunition. 10. Care, Handling, and Preservation of Mines g. Federal Stock Number and Depart- Wmi@: Mines must be handled with ment af Defens e Ammunifion Code. T he care at all times. The explosive elements Federal stock number (FSN) replaces the in fuses, primers, detonators, and boost- Ammunition Identification Code (AIC) and ers are particularly sensitive to mechan- the Ordnance Stock Number (OSN). An FSN ical shock, friction, static electricity, and is assigned to each end item of ammuni- high temperature. Boxes of crates contain- tion as packaged, and, *unless there is a ing mines should not he dropped, dragged, difference in packaging or packing, no tumbled, walked on the corners, or struck, two items bear the same FSN, nor is more as in lining up a stack. The boxes should than one FSN assigned to the same item. be electrically grounded whenever prac- The Department of Defense Identification ticable and protected from high tempera- Code (DODIC) is used in requirement ture. studies, worldwide reporting of stocks, a. General. and to denote interchangeability between (1) Mines are packed to withstand con- items within FSC group 13. The FSN and ditions ordinarily encountered in DODIC are used in conjuction (i.e., 1345- the field. Items that are not water- 096-3155 (C605) ) as means of positive proofed are packed in moisture- identification in requisitioning. The FSN resistant containers. Care must be consists of a 4-digit FSC class code num- taken to keep containers andpack- ber plus a 7-digit Federalitemidentifica- ing boxes from becomming broken tion number (FHN). For example, in FSN or damaged. All broken containers 1345-096-3155 the 1305 is the Federal and packing boxes must be repaired Supply Classification (FSC) class code and immediately and careful attention the 1V-O96-31557f is the FIIN. The class given to the transfer of all mark- code indicates the commodity group (13) ings to the new parts. Such con- and the class (45) to which the item be- tainers should not be opened until longs, The FIIN is a group of nonsignificant the mines are about to be used or digits used to provide positive identifica- prepared for use. Items unpacked tion to the item (a given FIIN is assigned but not used should be repacked to one FSN only, and is never duplicated and the containers sealed. Such or reused). The DODIC, composed of a items should be used first in sub- letter and three digits, denotes inter- sequent operations in order that changeability between like items of am- stocks of opened containers and munition or explosive supply within group packing boxes may be kept to a 13. This cd is used in two ways: as a minimum. When the ammunition parenthetical suf%x to +i FSN, such as packing box contains a metal liner,

13 the liner should be sealed andair- factorily at temperatures of -40” F. tested at 3 to 5 pounds per square to 160” F. Most mines are not inch, if equipment is available. appreciably affected by tempera- (2) When it is necessary to leave mines ture changes. in the open, raise them, on dunnage, Caufion: If the temperature fluc- at least 6 inches from the ground tuates around freezing, steps must and cover them with a double thick- be lx&en to prevent moisture or ness of paulin (tarpaulin), leaving water f?om accumulating around enough space for the circulationof themineandsubseqrrsntlyfreezing. air. Drainage trenches should be The mine may become neutralized dug around the stacks to prevent by fhe formation of ice, See FM water from running under the pile. 20-32 for information on laying (3) Mines and components in their mines in winter weather. packings should be protected (10) Mines may be reused (taken up against moisture. and relaid) any number of times (4) Boxes should not be opened in a provided that proper procedures magazine or at an ammunition as explained in this manual and dump, nor should they be opened in FM 20-32 are observed and that within 100 feet of any store of ex- no components show evidence of plosive. Safety tools, if available, damage or deterioration. should be used in unpacking and b. Field Storage and Preservation. The repacking operations. Safety tools following conditions govern field storage are those made of copper, wood, or of mines, fuzes, and detonators. other material incapable of pro- (1) Mines are usually stored in iso- ducing sparks whek struck. lated buildings or abandoned pill (5) No attempt will be made to fuze a boxes which have been designated mine closer than 100feetto amag- for this purpose. When specially azine or other such stores of ex- constructed magazines are not _ plosives or ammunition. available, buildings used should af- (6) No disassembly of mines or com- ford good protection against mois- ponents thereof will be permitted ture and dampness, have adequate except as specifically authorized ventilation, and be on well-drained by the Army Materiel Command. ground. They must not be heated (7) Safely pins, safety forks (clips), with open fires or stoves. and other safety devices are de- (2) Mines that must be stored in the signed to prevent accidental initia- open are stacked in small piles and tion of the mine while being handled. protected from dampness and They should be left in place until weather with tar paper and paulins. the last possible moment before (3) Boxes, cases, and other mine con- arming a r-nine, which should be tainers must be cleananddrywhen done as prescribed in armingpro- stored. Before storing, damaged cedures for the particular item. containers should be repaired or Be fore removing (picking up) replaced, but not within 100 feetof mines, safety devices should be magazines. replaced, that is, the mines should (4) No oily rags, paint, turpentine, or be properly disarmed. other flammable material are to be (8) Make certain that firing device left in a magazine. wells, cap wells, activator wells, (5) Mines should be piled by type in and fuze cavities are clear of ob- small piles so arranged that indi- struction and free of foreign mat- vidual containers are accessible ter before attempting to install the for inspection and air can circulate fuze or detonator. freely. The tops of piles should be (9) Mines will usually function satis- below the level of the eaves to avoid

14 the heated space directly below the and “friendly” ammunition is not roof. The bottom of the piles should permitted. For further storage be raised off the floor or groundat precautions, see TM g-1300-206 least 2 inches. Stacks must not be (TM 9-l-903). so high that containers or mines on the bottom will be crushed. 11. Packing and Marking for Shipment (6) Individual magazines, or stacks of a. Packing data for land mines and their mines stored in the open, should be components are given in SM 9-5-1345 separated by distances adequate to (Conventional) or SM 3-1-1345 (Chemical). prevent propagation of an explosion b. In addition to nomenclature and lot from one to another. Refer to TM number, packages offered for shipment are g-1300-206 (TM g-1903) for such marked with the Interstate Commerce distances. Commission shipping name of classifica- (7) Magazines or storage areas must tion of the article, the names and addresses be kept free of dry leaves, grass, of consignor and consignee, volume, and trash, emptyboxes, scrap, lumber, weight, and the Department of Defense and similar flammable material. identification code which replace the am- A 50-foot firebreak should sur- munition identification code symbol form- round each magazine. erly used. (8) Smoking, carrying matches, or using lights other than approved electric lights is forbidden in mag- 12. Transportation azines or mine-storage areas. Transportation of explosives by rail or (9) Store mines in accordance with truck in the United States is regulated by prescribed procedures. “Interstate Commerce Commission Reg- (10) Captured enemy mines and ex- ulations for Transportation of Explosives plosives should be storedindumps and Other Dangerous Articles by Freight,” at least a quarter of a mile from published by the Bureau of Explosives, 30 the nearest dump of “friendly” am- Vesey Street, New York, N.Y. Refer also munition. Mixed storage of enemy to AR 55-155 and AR 55-228.

15 CHAPTER 2 ANTIPERSONNEL MINES-.

Section I. SERVICE ANTIPERSONNEL MINES AND FUZES

13. General a. Uses. Antipersonnel (APERS) serv- their effect upon high-velocity projection ice mines are used primarily as a hazard of fragments of the metal case, Blast type to restrict or delay movement of enemy mines depend for their effect upon the foot troops by denying them access to shock of the explosion. For a more detailed certain areas. For this reason the number general discussion of the types of antiper- of casualties caused by these mines is of sonnel mines, see paragraph 5c. s e c on d a r y importance. Antipersonnel c. Fuzes. Functioning of antipersonnel mines are usually set off by enemy action mines is initiated by various types of fuzes. (fig. 2), but some are so rigged that they The fuze serves to transform mechanical may be initiated by a friendly observer action, such as pressure on the fuze or pull when enemy troops move within range. on the trip cord, into an explosive force Antipersonnel mines are not effective which detonates the high-explosive charge against armored vehicles; however, light, or into a burning action which ignites the thin-skinned vehicles, such as trucks and propelling charge of a bounding-type anti- jeeps, may be damaged or’ their occupants personnel mine. A fuze whichprovides ex- injured by a near by detonation. Special plosive force is called a detonatingj fuze; care must be taken in camouflaging anti- which provides burning action is called an personnel mines because foot troops move igniti@ fbze. Note. Detonating fuzes and i gn i tin g fuzes are -- slower and can therefore more readily de- functionally different and therefore are not inter- tect poorly concealed installations. More changeable. detailed information on uses and tactical The initiating action for an APERS fuze employment of the antipersonnel mines is normally either pressure directly on may be found in FM 20-32. the fuze or a pull on a trip wire attached b. Mines, Representative types of anti- to the fuze (fig. 2). personnel mines are shown in figure 1. d. D&L Tabulated data on antipersonnel There are two g e ne r a 1 types of land mines and fuzes may be found in table I. mines - “fragmentation f and ‘blast ef- Additional data may be found in paragraphs fect”. Fragmentation mines depend for 14 and 22.

Table I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes

Swvice ~tiDCtllK%lIl~ Miner

Weight 88 Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped r (lb.) Length Width Height MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 93.4 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 M2 and fuze, mine, combina- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctn tion M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 93.4 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 M2A1, and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctn bination M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 76.6 22-3/4 10-l/4 9-s/8 M2A3 and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctn bination M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 45.3 15 10-l/4 9-3/a -. M2A4 and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 6 ctn bination M6Al. (6 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx. 16 Table I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes-Continued Service Antipersonnel Mines-Continued - Meight aa Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped (lb.) Length Width Height Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- LO-l/4 9-3/8 ft length of steel wire/&n, 10 ctn (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze and 4 spool w----- M3 and fuze, mine, combina- of steel wire/wdn bx. tion M7Al. Packed 6 mine w/6 fuze and 6 spool 75.6 17-7/8 9-l/2 of steel wire/wdn bx. I MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze M605/mtl 44.8 1 15-5/8 10-l/8 8-l/2 Ml6 and fuze, mine, com- cntr and 4 spool trip wire & 1 bination M605. wrench M25/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze M605/mtl 44.8 15-5/8 10-l/8 8-l/2 M16Al andfuze, mine, com- cntr and 4 spool trip wire and 1 bination M605. wrench M25/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed l/kit, 6 kit/wtrprf wrppd 10-l/8 9-3/8 Ml8 (T48) w/carrying kit M- ctn, 1 ctn (6 mine)/wdn bx. 68 w/sights. =-I-= MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l blasting cap and 41.0 23-3/4 10-l/8 9-3/8 Ml8 (T48) w/carrying kit M- 1 battery holder assy in carrying 68 (T66). kit M68, 6 kit (6 mine)/tbrbd ctn, 1 ctn/wdn bx.

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: l Packed 5 mine w/5 electric blast- 45 14-l/8 11-l/2 15-l/2 Ml8 (T48) w/carrying kit M- ing cap and 5 spool wire/carry- 69 (T67). ing kit M69 (T67), 2 kit (10 mine)/ wdn bx.

-T---we- ---*-- MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/accessories in M7 ----me ----me M18Al w/accessories. band 16 mine and 6 band)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 90 mine/ctn (w/90 detona- 44.1 1 g-3/4 17-l/4 8-3/4 NM, Ml4 w/integral fuze. tor M46 in set-up-box) and 6 4= wrench M22/wdn bx. Packed 90 mine/ctn (w/90 detona- 45.70 1 g-3/4 17-l/4 8-3/4 tor M46 in set-up-box) and 9 wrench M22 wdn bx. .d Service Antipersonnel Mine Fuzes -I- Weight as Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped r (lb.1 Length Width Height FUZE, MINE: combination Packed 3/ctn, 16 ctn (48 fuze)/wdn 32.3 22-3/4 10-l/4 9-l/2 M6Al. bx. Packed 3/crdbd ctn, 4 ctn/strprf 32.8 32-5/8 lo-3/8 9-3/8 pkg, 4 pkg (48 fuze)/wdn bx. Packed 3/ctn, 30 ctn (90 fuze)/wdn 56.0 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 lx. Packed 3/ctn, 2 ctn/wtrprf pkg, 15 56.0 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 pkg (90 fuze)/wdn bx. FUZE, MINE: combination Packed 3/&n, 16 ctn (48 fuzes)/ 30.1 22-3/4 10-l/4 9-l/2 M7Al. wdn bx. Packed c/crdbd ctn, 4 ctn/wtrprf 33.0 22-5/8 lo-3/8 9-3/8 pkg, 4 pkg (48 fuze)/wdn bx. Packed 3/ctn, 2 ctn/wtrprf pkg, 8 33.0 22-5/8 lo-3/8 g-3/4 pkg (48 fuzes)/wdn bx. Packed 3/ctn, 30 ctn (90 fuze)/wdn 56.0 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 bx. Packed B/ctn, 2 ctn/strprf pkg, 15 56.0 32 13-l/4 9-l/2 pkg (90 fuze)/w& bx.

17 14. Mine, Antipersonnel, M2A4 with Fuze, base also contains the propelling charge, Mine, Combination, M6Al (fig. 8) The projectile, which is a modified a. General. The antipersonnel mine 60 -mm mortar shell, is contained in the -- M2A4 is of the “bounding type.” To obtain projector tuba-attached to the base. When a more effective fragmentationpattern, the the mine is triggered, the projectile acts main charge (bursting charge, contained in as a mortar. Detailed data on this mine and a heavy steel tube) is projected several fuze are listed in (1) and (2) below. Several feet into the air by apropelling charge be- earlier models of the M2 series are avail- fore it is exploded. If the main charge were able, as shown in table I. Except for minor exploded in the ground most of the frag- improvements in design, the M2A 4 is iden- ments would be imbedded in the earth and tical to earlier versions of the M2. The the effective fragments would be few in information in c through h below applies to number and the effective radius very all models of the M2 series. small. (1) Mine. Model number - M2A4. Type -bounding, fragmentation. % Weight, loaded and fuze-5.01 pounds. Dimensions -height, fuzed, 9-5/8 h IPRESSURE 1 inches; diameter plus portion of base for fuze, 3-3/4 inches. LOCKING SAFETY PIN Material - steel. $ TPIN RING Fuze well -capped (hex cap) as shipped; located in the tube extending upward from base. Relay - consists of delay andigni- ter charges -located in base g ACOUPLING u.i plug of projectile. - Detonator - consists of primary and secondary detonating charges -located adjacent to relay in base plug of projectile. Booster (tetryl) - located adjacent to detonator in base plug of projectile, I I BURSTING Weight of explosive charge (TNT) CHARGE - 0.34 pound. _III! . BOOSTER Weight of expelling charge (black powder) - 40 grains, located in base of mine near opening tode- lay charge in base plug of projectile. Painting-body, olive drab; base, yellow. Figure 8. Mine, antipersonnel, M2A4 with fuze, Marking - nomenclature of mine, mine, combination, M6Ai. month and year loaded, and lot number (including loader’s ini- b. Description. This mine consists of a tials and symbol) - all in black. combination mine fuze M6Al (par. 15), a Shipping cap - hexagonal shipping propelling charge and a projectile all con- cap is on coupling base which is tained in a steel case as shown in figure in fuze well as shipped. Coupling 8. The fuze is screwed into the tube base contains primer and is fitted attached to the base of the mine case. This with crimped-on igniter.

18 (2) Fuze (par. 15). ing, If either of these safety pins Model - number M6Al. binds when twisted in their holes, - Components - fir i n g mechanism turn in the mine to appropriate and primed coupling base with technical personnel for inspection. crimped-on igniter. Tw - combination. Weight of igniter charge (black powder) - 10 grains. Length- 7.18 inches (approx.). Thread size - 9/16 inch. Material -zinc-base alloy. Safeties - locking safety pin (cotter pin type) in release pin at end opposite release pin ring; positive safety pin (cotter pin type) in end of firing pin between pressure prongs. Painting - olive drab. c. Functioning. (1) Pressure of 8 to 20 pounds acting on one or more of the three prongs of the fuze, or, pull of 3 to 10 pounds on a trip wire attached to the release pin ring of. the fuze causes release of firing pin which is then forced downward by the firing pin spring and strikes the primer. , .RAPD 116928 (2) Primer projects a flame toigniter Figure 9. Packing box for antipersonnel mine charge. M2A,# and fuze M6Al. (3) Igniter transmits flame to propelling charge. (3) Unscrew the hexagonal shipping (4) Propelling charge transmits flame cap from the coupling base in the to delay charge and projects the mine, inspect the fuze well for s he 11 (modified 60-mm mortar foreign matter, and screw the fir- shell) from mine. ing mechanism to the couplingbase (5) Delay charge then transmits flame hand-tight. to ignite charge, which causes (4) Place the mine upright in the hole detonator, booster, and bursting so that the trips of the prongs on charge to function bursting the the fuze protrude above ground shell at a height of approximately level ( (1) above). Pack dirt tightly two to three meters. around and over the mine to just d. Laying and Arming. below the release pin level. After (1) Prepare a hole-in the ground with a emplacement, check mine for sta- firm foundation at the bottom and a bility by attempting to move the depth such that the fuze prongs, mine laterally. If the mine moves, with the mine emplaced, extend pack dirt more solidly around the about l/4-inch to 3/4-inch above mine. ground level. (5) Install one or more trip wires by (2) After unpacking a mine and a firing attaching them first to firmly mechanism (packed in the carton driven stakes and then to the re- with the mine) (fig. 9), test the lock- lease pin ring, leaving enough slack ing safety pin and the positive in the trip wires to allow the top of safety pin for freedom from bind- the fuze to rotate to receive a direct pull on the release pin ring from hole and the locking safety pin any one of the trip wires. This is hole. necessary for proper functioning of (4) Insert the positive safety pin .- the fuze. first, and then insert the locking Caufion: Be sure that there is no safety pin. tension on the trip wires. (5) Disconnect the trip wires. (6) Remove the locking safety pin by (6) Remove the remaining dirt from pulling on the cord to which it is the hole and remove mine. attached. (7) Unscrew the firing mechanism (7) Finish filling the hole with dirt up to from the fuze, taking care nof to the tips of the prongs, making sure remove the coupling base contain- that the dirt around the trip wire (8) ing the primer from the mine. and around the cord attachedtothe (8) Replace the hexagonal shipping cap positive safety pin is loose enough and return the mine and firing to permit free movement. mechanism to their original con- (8) The effective pressure area may be dition and packing. increased by installing a board, g. Effectiveness. fixed at one end, and in such aposi- (1) Casualty radius, approximately 10 tion that pressure on the board meters. would bring pressure on the prongs (2) Danger radius, approximately 150 of the fuze. If a board is installed, meters. c are must be exercised not fo (3) Ten percent more effective than alIow fhe weighf affheboard to antipersonnel mine M16Al (par. exert any pressure on fhe fuze. 18). (9) Camouflage the *hole installation. h. Special PrecautiOnS. (10) Remove the positive safety pin by (1) No attempt will be made to disase pulling on the end of the cord at- semble the mine beyond unscrew+ tached to it, thus arming the fuze. ing the firing mechanism from the Warning; Do not distrLTb the trip base coupling when a mine is re- -- wires, moved from the emplaced posi- (11) Save the hexagonal shipping cap and tion. both safety pins for use indisarm- (2) Mines with loose projector caps ing the fuze. or with a loose primer in the base e. Boobyfrapping. This mine has no pro- coupling will not be used until in- vision for a secondary boobytrapping fuze. spection by ordnance personnel Boobytrapping will be done only by espe- shows that the igniter charge and cially trained personnel. Refer to FM 5- propelling charge have not been 31. damaged by moisture, and the pro- L Disarmiq&J and Removal (Neufral- jector cap and the primed base izing). coupling with igniter charge (pri- Warning: DO not attempt to disarm or mer and igniter assembly) have remove any mine that is frozen in or to the been resealed. ground. (3) Although the mine is water resist- (1) Carefully inspect the installation ant, it should not be expected to for boobytraps and boobytrapping function after prolonged submer- devices before each of steps (2) gence in water. through (7) below. Note 1. The mine may be laid and re- (2) Carefully remove the camouflage moved any number of times if not damaged material and pressure board, if or deteriorated, and if the above instructions are f o 11 owe d. Do not use mines if =lY* either the mine projector cap or the coup- (3) Carefully remove the dirt from ling base containing the primer are loose, around the top of the mine to ex- except as provided in (2) above. pose both the positive safety pin Note 9. Hexagonal shipping and storage

20 cap is removed from base coupling in the 16. Mine, Antipersonnel, M3 and Fuze, Mine, field and replaced with firing mechanism. Combination, M7Al 15. Fuze, Mine, Combination, M6Al a. General. Antipersonnel mine M3 is a fragmentation-type mine. It consists of a a. Description. This fuze (fig. 8), which high-explosive charge in a heavy cast iron is used with all antipersonnel mines, M2 case. It is normally placed at the surface series, consists of a tripronged firing of the ground, as shown in figure 4. How- mechanism, and a base coupling fitted with ever, its effective radius canbe increased a percussion cap p r i me r and a black if it is raised several feet off the ground. powder igniter. This base coupling assem- Its effective r ad iu s is considerably re- bly is assembled to the mine as issued duced when the mine is buried. The mine and the firing mechanism is packed sepa- case has three fuze wells which permit rately in the mine packing box, The base boobytrapping on a variety of fuzing ar- coupling assembly is protected by a hex- rangements. agonal shipping cap. Completely assem- b. Description. (fig. 10). bled f uz e s may also be requisitioned (1) Boo$. The‘cast-iron body is filled separately (Table I). The firing mechanism with 0.90 pound of flake TNT. There consists of a cylindrical head and body, the are threaded fuze wells in two op- head being slightly larger in diameter. The posite sides and one end. The fuze head contains a spring-loaded trigger pin (M7Al), which consists of a firing to which the three pressure prongs are mechanism and a p r i me d base attached. The head also contains a spring- coupling to which a nonelectric loaded release pin with the locking safety blasting cap is crimped, may be pin and with a release pin ring for attach- inserted in any one of these wells. ment of a pull or trip wire. The head and As shipped; the holes are closed body of the firing mechanism contain a with slotted plastic plugs. In one firing pin which consists of a l/8-inch steel end, opposite the end containing the rod recessed near the center for engage- threaded well is a filling hole ment of the release pin. The positive safety which is closed with a metal disk, pin is located near the top of the firing pin Additional information may be between the prongs of the firing mechanism found in table I. head. See paragraph l&(2) for additional (2) Fuze. The fuze M7Al is described data on this fuze. in paragraph 17. b. Functioning. The firing mechanism is Note. Fuze M7Al is not interchangeable initiated by a pull on a trip wire attached with the M6Al (par. 15). to the release pin ring, thus releasing the c. Functioning. A pressure of 8 to 20 firing pin, or by pressure on one or more pounds on any of the prongs of the fuze or a of the prongs of the head. Such pressure pull of 3 to 10 pounds on the release pin depresses the trigger pin which operates ring will release the firing pin. The firing the release pin which, in turn, releases pin strikes the primer. A small, intense the firing pin. A pull of 3 to 10 pounds on spit of flame from the primer explodes the the release pin ring or a force of 8 to 20 nonelectric blasting cap crimped to the pounds on one or more of the prongs pro- base coupling of the fuze, which in turn truding from the top of the head depresses explodes the TNT bursting charge. The ex- the head about 9/32-inch and causes the ploding charge fragments the cast iron fuze to function. case and propels the fragments at high Warnin& When the fuze is unpacked for speed in all directions away from the blast. use, it should be inspected to insure that the d. Installation and Arming. Remove a trigger pin in which the prongs are set mine from the packing case (fig. 12). Pre- (fig. 8) is fully seated, and that the safety pare the mine for use by testingthe safety pins doe not bind. If the fuze fails to meet pins (cotter pins) on the fuze (fig. 13) for any of these requirements, it is unsafe and freedom from binding. The mine may be should not be used. installed with any one or all of the fuzes

21 particular operation. Use wrench packed with mines. Conceal the f plugs for possible future use in -- disarming in accordance with FM 20-32. (c) Inspect the threaded well to insure absence of foreign matter. (d’ Screw in the fuze or fuzes, making s ur e that the nonelectric blasting cap is attached. (e) Attach the trip wires to anchor stakes and then to the release pin ring of the fuze, making certain that most of the slack of the wire is taken up but that the wire 4s not tight enough to exert any pull on the ring. Jf more than one trip wire is attached to a singlefuze, leave enough slack in the trip wire to allow the top of the fuze to rotate just enough to receive a direct pull on the release pm ring by any one of the trip wires. This is necessary for proper functioning of the fuze.

CLOSING DISK (YELLOW)

RA PD 49595C

Figure 10. Mine, antipersonnel, M3 and fuze, mine, combination, M'7Al.

arranged for trip-wire operation, pres- RAPD 116929 sure operation, or both. Figure 11. Packing box for antipersonnel nine, (1) For trip- wire operation M3 and fuze, M7Al. (a) Anchor the mine firmly so that it will not move when the trip wire RELEASE PIN is pulled. The mine may be secured by partially burying it and packing it with earth, or by tying COUPLING BASE or taping it to a tree, stakes, or other immovable object. REMOVE LAST (6) Remove one, two, or three ofthe RAPD 1512X closing plugs depending upon how many fuzes are to be used for the Figure I,%?. Fuze, mine, combination, M7Al.

22 (f) Camouflage the installation in (positive) first, and then insertthe accordance with FM 5-20. release pin safety pin (locking). (g) Arm the fuze or fuzes by first (3) Disconnect the trip wires. pulling out the relase pin safety (4) Remove the mine. pin and then pulling out the safety (5) Remove the fuze or fuzes, including pin (positive) locatedbetween the base coupling with blasting cap three prongs. Neither safety pin attached. may bind. (6) Replace the closing plugs and re- (h) Do not adjust or disturb the trip turn the mine and its components wires. to their original packings. (2) For pressure operation. h. Disarming and Removal (Neutraliz- (a) Place the mine in a hole withtop ing) a Pressure Installation. of prongs of a fuze one-fourth of Inspect carefully for boobytraps. an inch below ground level. ii; Remove pressure board, if any. (b) A pressure board may be placed (3) Insert the firing pin safety pin to bear very lightly on prongs of ( ‘positivefl safety pin). mine. (4) Remove the mine. WarnIn& If apressure board is (5) Remove the fuze or fuzes, including used, it must be so placed that it base coupling with blasting cap exerts practically nopressure on attached. prongs . (6) Rep 1 ace the closing plugs and (c) Cover and camouflage the mine. return the mine and its compo- (d) .Arm the fuze or fuzes by first nents to their original packings. pulling out the @ease pinsafety Note. The mine may be laid and removed according to the a b o v e instructions any pin (locking safety pin) and then number of times if not deterioratedor pulling out the firing pin safety -_damaged. .~ pin (positive safety pin) located i. EiSxtiveness. bet we en the three prongs. (1) Effective radius, 10 meters when Neither may bind. detonated at surface of ground. e. Arming From a Distance. If desired, (2) Effective radius may be increased a lo- to 18-inch piece of No. 16 wire at- by detonating above ground. tached to a long cord may be inserted in (3) Fragments may be thrown more place of the locking and positive safety than 100 meters. pins (always remove the positive safety pin Warning: Make sure that friendly last) so that the arming may be done from trocps within a radius of 100 a distance, meters of a laid mine are ade- f. Boobytrapping. This mine may be quately protected. boobytrapped to prevent disturbance or removal, by using the firing devices (with 17. Fuze, Mine, Combination, M7Al nonelectric blasting caps) described in This fuze (figs. 12 and 13) consists of a paragraph 41. The firing devices with three-pronged firing mechanism of the blasting caps are * screwed into the fuze same type used withthe fuze M6Al (par. 15) wells not occupied by the main fuze. Figure and a primed base coupling which is fitted 4 shows a mine M3 with antilift and anti- with a blasting cap. The base coupling used disturbance boobytrapping arrangements. with the fuze M7Al is a l/4-inch shorter Before attempting to use the various firing than the one used with fuze M6Al. A devices available, personnel should study blasting cap is employed by fuze M7Al the instructions for their use contained in because it is used with the antipersonnel TM g-1375-200. mine M3 in which the high explosive is g. Disarming and Removal (Neutraliz- directly exploded by the cap, whereas the ing) a Trip- Wire Installation. igniter of the fuze M6Al used with M2 JI) Inspect carefully for boobytraps, series mines ignites a propelling charge (2) Insert the firing pin safety pm in the bottom of the mine.

23 18. Mine, Antipersonnel, M16Al with Fuze, WZU7dXg: When the fuze is unpacked ,/ for use, it should be inspected tc insure Mine, Combination, M605 -- that the trigger pin is seated against the a. GeneraZ.. This mine (fig. 14) is of the crimping at the top of the head, that the bounding fragmentation type and functions release pin is fully seated, and that the similarly to mine M2A4 described inpar- safety pin (cotter pin) does not bind. If the agraph 14. The M16Al has an explosive fuze fails to meet any of these require- charge three times larger than the M2A4 ments, it is unsafe and should not be used, and therefore has a more effective frag- For information on installation, arming, mentation pattern and a larger effective and neutralizing, refer to paragraph 16. radius. As shipped, the fuze M7Al is a complete b. Description. This mine consists of a assembly consisting of firing mechanism combination mine fuze M605 (par. 19), a and primed base coupling with crimped- propelling charge, and a projectile, all on blasting cap. This complete assembly contained in a sheet steel case (fig. 15). is packed separately but in the same pack- The fuze screws into the top of the case ing box with the mine. The fuzes are also and extends through the center of the pro- packed for the separate issue, the method jectile to the bottom of the case, where the of packing being identical to that for fuzes expelling (propelling) charge is located, M6Al. See table I for details. The remaining space inside the case is occupied by the projectile. Detailed data on this mine and fuze are listed in (1) and (2) below. Additional data may be found in table I. An earlier model, the M16, is also available for issue as shown in table I. The principal differences between the M16Al and Ml6 are in the construction of the detonators and boosters. Figure 16 shows the 1 differences between the two models. The information in e through i below pertains to both models. (1) Mine. Model number - M16Al. Type - bounding, fragmentation. Weight, loaded andunfuzed - 7-7/8 pounds (approx.) Dimensions -height, shipping, 5-l/2 inches (awrox. ) height fuzed, 8 inches (approx.) diameter, 4-l/16 inches. Material - steel and cast iron. Fuze well - in center of mine, closed with hexagonal shipping plug, as shipped. Two delay charges. Two detonators. Two boosters (tetryl). Weight of bursting charge (TNT) - 1 pound. Figure 13. Installing fuse M7Ai in anti- Weight of expelling charge (black personnel mine M3. powder) - 75 grains (approx.).

24 - PRESSURE PRONGS

POSITIVE SAFE TY PIN HEkD ASSEMBIY

RELEASE PIN RING Tt E? 7- -t

LO1

SAND-COL&ED WIRE 0775 IN. ACROSS FLATS

0.64 IN.

ORD D757 Figure 14. Items contained in antipersonnel mine M16Al packing case-antipersonnel mine M16A1, combination mine fuze M605, trip wire, and &zing wrench, M?25.

25 Painting - olive drab. plug is in place in the fuze well Marking - nomenclature of mine, (in center of mine) as shipped. month and year loaded, and lot This plug is removed and number (including loader’s replaced with fuze in the field. initials and symbol) - all in (2) Fuze. (par. 19). yellow. Model number - M605. Shipping plug - hexagonal shipping Components - firing mechanism and primed fuze body with crimped-on igniter containing a black powder charge. Type - combination. Dimensions - length, 7-l/8 inches; diameter (overall), l-3/4 inch. Material - metal. Safeties - locking safety pin (cotter pin type) in release pin ring; positive safety pin (cotter pin type) in end of firing pinbetween pressure prongs; interlocking pin between safety pins. Painting - olive drab. Marking - nomenclature of fuze. C. Functioning by Pressure (fig. 16). (1) Pressure of 8 to 20pounds oneither I+- APPROX 4.IN------+ ORD D758 of the three prongs of the fuze Figure 15. Mine, antipersonnel, M16Ai and fuze, compresses the pressure spring. mine combination, M606. - ? ;y+& PRESSURE PRONGS (31 \

TRIGGER PIN

PRESSURE SPRIN LEASE PIN SPRING

RELEASE PIN RING

FIRING PIN SPRING (STRIKER SPRING)

FIRING PIN -I(STRIKER) J PERCUSSION

AGMENTATIO SHELL (SODY) FRAGMENTATlON CHARGE -(BURSTING CHARGE) OSTER CHARGE ONATOR q

MIXTURE ------+ DELAY ELEMENT -1 EXPELLING CHARGE d! M16Al ORD D7.59

Figure 16. Comparison of antipersonnel mines Ml6 and Ml6Al. 26 (2) Pressure spring forces the trigger structions or foreign matter, turn downward. the mine upside down and gently (3) Wedge-shaped tip of trigger forces tap its bottom. lf any mines appear r e 1 e as e pin outward to position to be damaged or in anunsatisfac- where firing pin (strike) is re- tory condition, they should be car- leased. ried to a safe place and destroyed (4) Firing pin spring forces firing pin with explosives by authorized per- downward. sonnel as prescribed in TM 9- (5) Firing pin hits primer, which ig- 1300-206 (TM9-1903). nites the fuze delay charge. (3) Carefully examine the fuze assem- (6) Fuze delay charge while burning bly, including the crimping at the allows time for person stepping on top of the fuze where it touches prong(s) to move from directly the top of the trigger, for evidence above mine. of damage. Check the safety pins (7) Fuze delay charge then ignites the to see that they move freely in the fuze relay charge, which ignites safety pin holes. Be sure the rub- the fuze igniter charge. ber gasket is around the fuze case. (8) Fuze igniter charge ignites the (4) Screw the fuze assembly into the mine propelling (expelling) charge. fuze well of the mine and tighten (9) Mine propelling charge projects it securely against the rubber cast-iron shell upward from mine gasket, using the open end of the body and at the same time ignites combination wrench M25. the two detonator delay charges. (5) Dig a hole about 6 inches deep and (10) When shell is approximately one about 5 inches in diameter. meter above the ground the deto- Note. When buried so that the tops of the pressure pro n g s are about even with the nator delay charges have burned surface of the ground, sympathetic detona- through, initiating the detonators. tion will o c c u r when mines Ml6 are laid (11) Detonators explode boosters which approximately 1.5 to 2 meters apart. in turn explode bursting charge. (6) Place the mine in’ the hole. It can (12) Explosion of bursting chargeshat- be installed so that it willdetonate ters shell, projecting metal frag- by pressure alone; or it maybe in- ments in all directions. stalled with trip wires, in which (13) The mine will explode even if re- case the mine can be detonated strained by a weight or barrier, either by pressure on the pressure from being projected upward. prongs or by pull on the trip wires, as described in (a) and (b) below.- e. Functioning by Pull. (a) For pressure actuation. C:eve r (fig. 14). the mine with spoil (dirt) from (1) Pull of 3 to 10 pounds on a trip the hole, pressing it firmly into wire attached to the release pm place around the s ide s of the ring of the fuze pulls release pin mine. Leave the release-pin ring outward to position where firing and pressure prongs exposed. pin (striker) is released. Arrange the p ull cords on the (2) Functioning from this point on is safety pins for easy withdrawal. the same as described in d(4) Camouflage t he installation in through d(13) above. accordance with instructions in f. Installi@ and Armin& FM 20-32, Remove the locking (1) Unscrew the hexagonal shipping safety pin. After the 1 o c king plug from the fuze well of the mine, safety pin is removed, the inter- using the c 10s ed end of fuzing locking pin can be removed from wrench M25 issued with the mine. the positive safety pin, which is (2) Examine the fuze well and flash 1 oc at ed between the prongs. tube for evidence of obstructionor Finally, remove the p o s it ive foreign matter. To remove ob- safety pin, thus arming the fuze. 27 Warning: If the positive safety like safety pin (cotter pin), a length pm is hard to remove the fuse of steel wire, or a nail of proper should be replaced with a new diameter t h r o u g h the positive safety--pin hole (located betweer (b) ?ti trip-wire acfuafion. Cover the prongs of the fuze). the mine with spoil (dirt), pres- (3) Insert the safety pin, a length of sing it firmly in place around the steel wire, or a nail through the sides of the mine. Leave the re- locking safety pin hole (located in lease-pin ring and p r e s s u r e the head of the fuze, opposite the prongs exposed. Drive two an- release pin ring). chor stake s approximately 10 Warning: The positive safetypin meters (approx. 33 feet) from the must be inserted FIRST.. In case mine. Locate the stakes so that the fuze malfunctions, the positive wires, when attached, will form safety pin stops any action that a wide “V.” A third trip wire and anchor stake may be installed, (4) t=i slack trip wires attached to if desired. This prevents any lat- the release pin ring. eral movement of the e ne m y. Warning; Never cut a taut wire Fasten a separate wire to each until the other end has been ex- anchor stake, then fasten the free amined to see that it is not anchored ends to the release pin ring of to another mine. the fuze. Follow the steps out- (5) Carefully dig around the sides and lined in (a) above for removing bottom of the mine and check for the safety pins, boobytrapping devices. (If the mine Warning: Do not install the trip is boobytrapped, proceed as out- wires so taut that they exertpull lined in Warning in (1) above.) on the release pin ring, as this (6) Lift the mine from the ground. might cause the mine to deto- (7) Unscrew and remove the fuze as- - nate accidentally when the safety sembly from the mine. pins are removed. (8) Replace the shipping plug. g. Boobflrappin& No secondary f uz e (9) Restore mine to original condition wells for boobytrapping are provided in and packing. the mine M16, and boobytrapping will be i. Effectiveness. done only by especially trainedpersonnel. (1) Casualty radius when exploded, ap- Refer to FM 5-31. proximately 30 meters. h. Disarming and Removal. (2) Danger radius 200 meters. (1) After locating the mine andcheck- (3) The mine Ml6 is a highly effective ing for booby-traps, carefully un- weapon, capable of killing or injur- cover the top and examine it for ing personnel in the vicinity of the evident e of malfunctioning or mine. It is more effective than the damage from blast. M2 series bounding type antiper- Wa.rnh.g: If the mine is damaged, sonnel mine (para. 14). This mine do not attempt to neutralize it. is primarily employed in m ix e d Either destroy it in place uiith a mine f i e Ids to protect antitank prepared charge, or attach a 50- mine s against enemy breaching meter length of wire or rope to the parties. However, it canbe usedby head of the fuze and, from a pro- itself in the preparation of am- tected position, pull the mine from bushes or in the nuisance mining the hole. Be sure kc examine such of areas likely to be occupied by protected position for mines before enemy troops. occupying it. (4) Since both the pressure prongs and (2) If the mine does not appear to be trip wires will be exposed after damaged, insert the original or a the mine is installed, the Ml6 is

28 best employed where at least 3 side of the fuze case and through one end inches of natural cover is avail- of the release pin. Attached to the other end - able. When installed for trip-wire of the release pin is the release-pin ring actuation, a maximum of front can to which trip wires may be attached. be covered with a single mine. Threads for assembling the fuze in the Normally, 2 trip wires are used fuze well of the mine are located about mid- with each mine. The spool of trip way on the head assembly. At this point wire packed with each mine con- the fuze case is shaped to permit the use tains 4 separate 12 meter lengths. of a wrench in tightening the fuze to the Two are green, and two are sand mine. The interlocking pin is designed to colored. Always select the color assure that the safety pins will be with- that blends best with the terrain or drawn in the proper sequence, that is, the vegetation. If it is necessary to in- locking safety pin first and the positive stall this mine in bare or sparsely- safety pin last. covered ground, the use of trip c. Loading Assembly. The loading as- wires is undesirable; a soldier sembly, which is screwed to the head walking erect is not likely to detect assembly to complete the fuze assembly, the pressure prongs unless alerted consists of the primer assembly and the to the presence of the mines. delay and relay charge assembly to which j. Special Precautions. the igniter is crimped. (1) No attempt will be made to disas- d. Functioning. See paragraph 18 for semble the mine (except as re- functioning. quired in e and g above), to un- e. Wrench, Fuzing, Antipersonnel Mine, screw the shipping plug in prepa- MZ’. This combination box and open-end ration for fuzing, or to unscrew wrench (fig. 14) is stamped from apiece of and remove the fuze in neutralizing strip steel 6 inches long, l-1/4 inches wide operations. and about l/8-inch thick. The box end has (2) Mines with broken or jammed outer a hexagonal opening, 0.775-inch across casing or fuzes from jammed or flats, to engage the shipping plug of anti- dented metallic containers will not personnel mine M16Al (par. 18). The open- be used until inspection by ammu- end has an opening of 0.64-inch to engage nition personnel shows that neither the shoulder on the combination minefuze the propelling charge of the mine M605, which is used with the M16Al mine. nor the fuze has been damaged by moisture or otherwise. 20. Mine, Antipersonnel, M18Al and Accessories 19. Fuze, Mine Combination, M605 a. General. The antipersonnel mine a. General. This fuze consists of two M18Al (fig. 18) is adirectional, fixed frag- main assemblies, the head assembly and mentation mine that is used primarily for the loading assembly (figs. 14,15, and 17). defense of bivouac areas, outposts, and Although somewhat similar in design, the against infiltration tactics. This mine is M605 and the M6Al (par. 15) are not in- also effective against thin-skinned vehi- terchangeable. cles such as jeeps, automobiles, trucks, b. Head Assembly. The head assembly etc., readily perforating the outer body contains the firing mechanism and safety and injuring or killing the occupants. The devices. It includes the three pressure fragments will also puncture tires, gas prongs projecting from the top of the fuze tanks, crankcases, radiators, and engine case, the positive safety pin which passes accessories. When detonated, a fan-shaped through the firingpin between the pressure sheaf (pattern) of spherical steel frag- prongs, the interlocking pin located on the ments is projected in a 60-degree hori- side of the head and assembled to boththe zontal arc covering a casualty area of positive and locking safety pins, and the 50 meters to a height of 2 meters. Each locking safety pin which passes through one mine is issued in a bandoleer containing 29 one mine with accessories and instructions bottom of the mine, enable the for use (fig. 18 and 19). See table I for mine to be emplaced on all types detailed information on packing. of surfaces. The mine can alsob -- b. Description. tied’to posts, trees, etc. (1) Mine. Mine M18Al (fig. 17) is a (2) Accessories. curved, rectangular, olive-drab, (a) Firing device M57. The firing molded case of fiberglass filled device M57 (fig. 18) is handheld polystyrene (plastic). It is 8-l/2 pulse generator which, by a inches long, l-3/8 inches wide, single actuation of the handle, 3-l/4 inches high, and weighs 3.5 produces a double (one positive, pounds. In the front portion of the one negative) electrical pulse. case is a fragmentation face con- This device is about 4 inches taining 700 steel spheres (10.5 long, l-3/8 inches wide, 3-l/4 grains) embedded in a p 1 as t ic in c he s high, and weighs 3/4- matrix. The back portion of the pound. At one end of the firing de- case, behind the matrix, contains a vice is a rubber connector with 1.5-pound layer of composition C-4 a dust cover. explosive. The fragmentation face (b) Test set M4U. The test set M40 is convex horizontally to direct the (fig. 18) is an instrument used for fragments in a go-degree arc and checking the continuity of the concave vertically to control the initiating c i r c u it of this mine. vertical dispersion of the frag- This test set is 3-l/2 inches long, ments. Additional components of l-1/2 inches wide, l-3/8 inches this mine are: two detonator wells high and weighs l/a-pound. Rub- with shipping plug priming adapt- ber connectors protrude from ers, a molded slit-type peepsight, each end, one with acombination and two pairs of scissor type fold- shorting plug and dust cover and ing legs. These components are de- the other with a dust cover only.- scribed in (a) through (c ) below. A small window is provided fc (a) Detonator wells. The two det- observing the flashes of an indih onator wells, located in the top of eating lamp. the mine, enable the mine to be (c) Electric blasfizg cap M4. The fired from two locations or tobe electric blasting cap M4 (fig. 18) fired by nonelectric single or consists of an electric blasting dual priming. The wells are blasting cap M6 attached to 100 sealed by the plug ends of the feet (30 meters) of firing wire. shipping plug priming adapters Attached to the firing wire con- which prevent entry of foreign nector is a combination shorting materials into the de t on at or plug and dust cover. The short- wells. The slotted end of the ship- ing p 1 ug prevents accidental ping plug priming adapter is used functioning of the blasting capby to hold an electric or nonelectric static electricity and the dust blasting cap in place when the cover prevents dirt and moisture mine is armed. from entering the connector. The Note. The s h i p p i n g plug-priming blasting cap assembly is wrapped adapter is merely reversed when the mine is to be armed. around a flat paper and then (b) Peepsight and arrows. The rolled to form apackage 6 inches molded slit-type peepsight and long, 4 inches wide, and 2 inches arrows (fig. 17), located on top of high. This assembly should be the mine, are used to aim the uncoiled without tangling or kink- mine. ing. A piece of insulating tape is (c) Legs. The two pairs of scissor- used to hold the package to- type folding legs, located on the gether. MOLDED SLIT-TYPE PEEP SIGHT

PL,

SCISSOR-TYPE FOLDING

Figure 17. Mine, antipersonnel, MlBAl. _--

CARRYING STRAP

,BANDOLEER M7

I’ INSULATION TAPE

‘FIRING DEVICE MS7

TEST SET M40

OP.0 0184-A

Figure 18. Antipersonnel mine M18Al and accessories packed in bandoleer M7.

32 \‘APOR BARRIER BAG 60-degrees wide at a range of 50 BANDOLEER M7 -- / meters (fig. 21). These fragments are effective up to a range of 100 meters and can travel up to 250 meters forward of the mine. (2) Baclcblasf, Within an area of 16 mete r s (fig. 20) to the rear and sides of the mine, backblast can cause injury by concussion and secondary missiles. Up to 100 meters to the r e ar and sides of the mine, all friendly personnel must be under cover for protection from secondary missiles. (a) Radius of 0 to l6meters &om the mine. Friendly troops are prohibited in this area. (b) Radius of 16 to 100 meters &om the mine. The minimum safe operating distance from the mine is 16 meters. At this distance, the operator should be in a foxhole or dugout (fig. 21) or lie prone, pre- Figure 19. Packing box fbr antipersonnel ferably in a depression. All mine M18Al. friendly troops, including the operator, within 100 meters of the (3) Bandoleer M7. The bandoleer M7 mine should take cover behind a (fig. 18) is constructed of water re- boulder, a tree, or the like to pre- sistant canvas (olive-drab color) vent being injured by flying sec- with snap fasteners to secure the ondary missiles, sticks, stones, flaps. The bandoleer has two pebbles, etc. pockets; one pocket contains the d. Functioning. When the mine M18Al mine and the other pocket con- has been armed, the actuation of the firing tains a firing device, a test set, device handle (safety bail in armed posi- and an electric blasting cap as- tion) will provide sufficient energy (elec- sembly. The p a c ke d bandoleer trical) to detonate blasting cap M6. The measures 9-l/4 inches long, detonation of the blasting cap, in turn, 11-l/2 inches wide, and 2 inches detonates the high explosive charge (camp. high. A 2-inch wide web strap, C-4), Detonation of the high explosive which is used as ashoulder carry- charge causes fragmentation of the plastic ing strap, is sewn to the bag. An matrix and projection of the spherical olive-green w a t e r repellent in- fragments outward in a fan-shapedpattern struction s he et is sewn to the (fig. 20). The mine functions effectively in inside flap. temperatures ranging from -40” to f 125°F. Note. Only one of the six bandoleers in This mine is sufficiently waterproof to each packing box (fig. 20) contains a test function satisfactorily after having been set. The bandoleer containing the test set is identified by an identification tag on the submerged in salt or fresh water for 2 carrying strap (fig. 18). hours. C. Casualty Effect and Danger Area. e. Laying and Aiming. (1) Fragmentation. The mine M18Al Note. Remove the mine and accessories (fig. 18) delivers 700 highly effective steel from the bandoleer. Read the instruction sheet attached to the flap of the bandoleer before proceed- fragments in a fan-shaped pattern ing with the following instructions. approximately 2 meters high and

33 W P

‘. / f- - + *--’ Figure $0. Casualty aTeas and db I’ areas of antipersonnel mine Mi8Al. WITHIN IOOM TO REAR AND SIDES OF MINE -ALL FRIENDLY PERSONNEL MUST TAKE COVER-

16M MINIMUM . -SAFE FIRING DISTANCE ___C IF UNDERCOVER -IT MINE / 6 in.+ ---. -f ---- "f ,-,,,- 8 ft. AIMING POINT

o-;;.+-EJ 1 - AIMING POINT /’ 100 ft. I AIMING STAKE SLIT-TYPE PEEP SIGHT \ /

GMENTATION AREA

The mine should be sighted on o point 8 ft. high at a distance of 150 ft., or one of the alternative points shown. ORD D 188-B

Figure 21. Emplacement of antipersonnel mine M18AJ. warning: Position the mine 90 that cover is assembled to the con- friendly troops forward and to the aide of nector of the blasting cap assembly the mine (figs. 20 and 21) will not be en- before placing the blasting capA dangered. The firing position should be at t&e. detonator well, least 16 meters to the rear or tothe sides (3) Wind the firing wre around the I of the mine. leg two or three times on the same (1) Turn the legs downward and spread side of the mine as the detonator about 45-degrees. Twist the legs so well to be used (fig. 22). that one leg protrudes ahead and (4) Slide the slotted end of the shipping one behind the mine, and position plug priming adapter on the firing the mine with the surface marked wires of the blasting cap between “FRONT TOWARD ENEMY” and the crimped connections and the the arrows on top of the case blasting cap. Pull the excess wire pointing in the direction of the through the slotted end of the ship- enemy or the desired area of fire. ping plug priming adapter until the On snow or extremely soft ground top of the blasting cap is firmly (mud), the bandoleer maybe spread seated in the bottom portion of the beneath the mine as support. To shipping plug priming adapter; then prevent tipping in windy areas or screw the shipping plug priming when legs cannot be pressed into adapter and the blasting cap into the ground, carefully spread legs the detonator well. to the maximum possible (approx- Wmnin.g: Make certain the face imately 180-degrees), so that legs of the mine marked FRONT TO- will be fore and aft. WARD ENEMY and the arrows on (2) Select an airriingobject (tree, bush, top of the mine point in the direction etc.) or use an aiming stake that of the enemy. is approximately 50 meters from Unwind the remaining firing wire the mine and projects approxi- to the firing position. If possible, mately 1 meter above the ground bury the firing wire to proter w. (fig. 21). from artillery fire and to pre (3) Position the eye approximately 6 easy detection. inches away from the mine and aim Note. Retain paper roll form for future the mine by sighting through the use during disarming. slit-type peepsight. The groove of Warning: The mine firing position should be in a foxhole; or in a the sight should be in line with the aiming point. The aiming object shielded or protected position, at least 16 meters behind or to the should be in the center of the de- side of the emplaced mine, sired coverage area and the bot- Note 1. If possible, perform tests in g tom edge of the peepsight shouldbe below before firing mine M18Al. parallel to the ground to be covered Note 2. If the area has been subject to recent mortar or artillery bombardment, re- with fragment spray. testing of the b 1 as tin g cap assembly is f. Arming and Elecfrical Firing. required. (1) Unscrew the shipping plugpriming (6) Remove the dust cover from the adapter and retain for future use. connector on the firing device; (2) Remove the insulation tape andun- also, remove the combination roll the paper form from the elec- shorting plug and dust cover from tric blasting cap assembly (fig. 18). the end of the firing wire. Assem- Retain paper form and tape for pos- ble (plug in) the two connectors. sible future use. Hold the blasting warning: Before connecting the cap while unwinding approximately blasting cap assembly to the firing 3 meters of the firing wire. device (fig. 22), the safety bail must W&ning: Make certain that the be in the tWfell position. Make combination shorting plug and dust sure that all personnel are under

36 SHIPPING PLUG PRIMING ADAPTER \

/WINDOW COMBINATION SHORTING PLUG . .*r

SAFETY BAIL l” 1

TO FIRE CIRCUIT -*m-l 17180”

Figure 2.2. Arming and testing antipersonnel mine Ml8Al. cover at Ieast 250 meters away blasting cap and from the end of the from the front and sides of the test set. Plug the connector of the mine and at least 100 meters to the blasting cap intc the test set. Posh. rear of the mine, tjon the firing device bail to (7) After performing testing (gbelow) “armed” position. Actuate the h. the mine is ready for firing. To dle of the firing device. fire the mine, position the firing Warning: Before connecting the device bail in the “armed” position. blasting cap to the test set and fir- Note. When enemy troops approach with- ing device (fig. 22), the safety bail in 20 to 30 meters of the front of the mine, must be in the %afeV’ position,and fire the mine. all personnel will be under cover Fire by actuating the firing device (8) at least 250 meters away from the handle with a firm quick squeeze front and sides of the mine andun- and release. der cover at least 100 meters to g. Testin& the rear of the mine. W&UYIZ~~;Before and after completion (6) Flashing of the lamp in the window of firing device and blasting cap continuity of the test set indicates that the tests, ascertain that the firing device bail blasting cap circuitry is satis- is in the %afeff position factory. If defective, replace blast- (1) Remove the dust cover from the ing cap and test for serviceability connector of the firing device and as indicated above. from the female connector of the h. Nonelectric F ir in g. Subparagraphs test set. (1) and (2) below provide instructions for (2) Plug the test set into thefiringde- laying, aiming, and arming of the mine vice (fig. 22), Leave the combina- using two nonelectric blasting cap M7 (par. tion shorting plug and dust cover 41), a piece of detonating cord approxi- assembled on the other end of the mately 25 feet long, a pull wire, a n d a test set. pull-type or pull-friction-type firing de- (3) Position the firing device bail to vice, such as the Ml or the M2. Subpa- - the “fire” position and actuate the graph (3) below provides instructions handle of the firing device with a laying, aiming, and arming of the n&c; firm quick squeeze, and observe using a dual firing or a dual priming sys- the flashing of the lamp through tem. the test set window. Note. The window of the test set should Warning: To arm the mine by the be held against the eye whenchecking the methods below, a thorough knowledge of firing device and the blasting cap assem- the utilization of explosives and demoli- bly. It minimizes the risk of enemy obser- tion materials, the use and installation,of vation in the dark and improves the ability of the operator to see the lamp flashing land mines and boobytraps is required, even in the bright sunlight. Refer to FM 5-31 and TM g-1375-200, Flashing of the lamp indicates that Note: Waterproofing and periodic replacement of (4) detonating cord should be made in accordance with the firing device is functioning instructions provided in FM 5-25. properly. If the lamp does not flash (1) Pull-wire initia tion &mine M18Al. (on and off), the firing device should (a) Laying and aiming the mine are be discarded and replaced with performed in the same manner another firing device. After com- as that used for electric firing. pletion of the firing device test, Refer to e above for laying and place the firing device bail in the aiming. “safe” position. (b) Crimp a blasting cap M7 to a Note. If the test set indicates that sev- pull-type device, using cap eral firing devices are faulty, retest with another test set prior to discarding since crimping pliers (with fuse cutter) the test may be defective. M2 for this operation (par. 42). (5) Remove the shorting plug and dust (c) Fasten one end of the detonating cover from the connector of the cord to the blasting cap that i= 38 attached to the firing device ((b) a trail or other avenue of ap- above) by means of tape (A, fig. proach, and the firing device 23). must be securely attached to two (d” Fasten the firing device securely firmly emplaced stakes at adis- to a firmly emplaced stake (A, tance of approximately 2 0 meters fig. 23)) by means of tape, wire, forward of the mine (B, fig. 23). twine, or anchor cord. (3) Nonelectric method using dualfir- (e) Slip the slotted end of the ship- ing or duat priming systems. ping plug priming adapter over Note. Refer to FM 5-25 for details for the other end of the detonating using dual firing or dual priming systems. cord. (a) Dual firin& (f) Insert the detonating cord end 1. Obtain two lo-meter (33-feet) fully into the second blasting cap. lengths of detonating cord, four Crimp the cap to the detonating nonelectric blasting caps M7, cord, using the cap crimping and two pull-type firing devices. pliers M2 for this operation. 2.Remove both shipping plug (g) Seat the cap (with the detonating priming adapters from the cord) into the the shipping plug mine. Push one end of each piece priming adapter and carefully in- of detonating cord through the sert the cap into the well. holes in the adapters. (h) Secure the cap in the we 11 by Note. Push c or d through holes far enough to a 11 o w blasting caps to I be carefully screwing the shipping crimped to the cord ends. plug priming adapter in to the 3. Crimp end of each piece of det- detonator well.. onating cord to a blasting cap (i) Attach a pull wire securely to the M7, using cap crimper M2. Pull pull ring of the firing device. The access of detonating cord pull wire should be of sufficient through holes in the adapters length to allow actuation of the so that blasting caps seat firing device from a protected against the bottom of the adapt- position at least 16 meters rear- ers. ward (minimum s af e distance 4. Screw shipping p 1 ug priming protected position) from the em- adapters in the detonator wells. placed mine (A, fig. 23). Unwind detonating cord while Warning; Care must be taken moving back to safe firing dis- during emplacement to secure tance (fig. 21). the firing device so that the mine 5. Emplace mine and detonating will not be dislodged by a pull of cord as instructed in h(l) (a) to the detonating cord or trip wire. (I$ above, and shown in figures If the mine becomes dislodged,.it 21 and 23. will be aimed inadirectionother 6. Attach a pull-type firing device than intended. (FM 5-25) to the free end of each (2) Trip-wire initiation of mine piece of detonating cord, and Ml8Al. attach a pull wire or trip wire (a) Laying and aiming of the mine (If(l) or (2) above). are performed in the same man- (b) Dual priming. ner as that used for electric fir- 1. Follow the instructions in (a)1 ing. Refer to e above for laying through 5 above. and aiming. 2. Make a ring mine in accordance (b) The preliminary steps us e d to with instructions contained in arm the mine are the same pro- FM 5-25. cedures used in (l)(a) through 3. When emplaced one behind the (h) above. other, the foremost one (nearest (c) The trip wire, stretched across the enemy) must be fired first.

39 A J

Figure 23. Antipersonnel mine hf18.41 ready for firing-A. BY observer, B. By enemy.

40 Mines emplaced side-to-side in assembly with the piece of in- a line may be fired in any order sulation tape. or simultaneously. 5. Remove the mine from its em- Note. To prevent tipping in windy placement and repack the mine areas or when the legs cannot be and its accessories in their re- pressed into the ground, c are f ul 1 y spread legs to the maximum possible spective pockets in the bando- (approximately 180-degrees), so that leer. the legs will be’fore and aft. Note. Check to assure that all accessories are removed from mine be- 4. The mine and the danger area fore repacking. around the mine must be visible (b) Mine with nonelectric compo- from the firing position in order nents. that any friendly personnel in Warniz@ 1; Check to assure the the vicinity of the mine may be firing device has not been fired or seen. the mine run over, If the firingde- Warning: A dislodged or vice has fired or the mine appears overturned mine is a potential to be a dud, destroy the mine. hazard to friendly personnel and Warning 2: Render the firingde- should not be fired. vice safe by replacing all safety i. Disarming and Destruction. pins’ prior to performing the steps Warning 1: Render the firing device below. safe by returning the safety bail to the Caution 1: Nonelectric blasting SAFE position (fig. 22) prior to performing caps and detonating cord crimped the steps below. together can be separated only by Warning 2: Duds or mines which ap- cutting the blasting cap free of the pear to have been run ober ,by a vehicle or detonating cord, using a nonspark- otherwise damaged aft e r emplacement ing knife, should be considered as unsafe. Destroy Caution 2: If facilities are not as in (2) beIow. available for cutting the blasting (1) Disarming. cap free of the detonating cord, and (a) Mine with electrical components. these components are not to be re- 1. Disconnect the firing wire from used immediately, the crimped ex- the firing device. Replace the plosive components should be de- combination shorting plug and stroyed in accordance with dust cover on the blasting cap instructions contained in TM 9- assembly connector, and the 1300-203 and TM g-1375-200. dust cover on the firing device 1. Disconnect the pull-wire or connector. trip-wire from the firing de- 2. Unscrew and remove the ship- vice. ping plug priming adapter (fig. 2. Unscrew and remove shipping 18) containing the blasting cap plug priming adapters contain- from the mine. Remove the ing the blasting caps from the blasting cap and the firing wire mine. Cut the blasting cap free from the shipping plug priming of the detonating cord, using a adapter. nonsparking knife. 3. Reverse the shippingplugprim- 3. Return the blasting cap to ing adapter and screw the plug storage container, and pull the end of the shipping plug priming detonating cord end free of the adapter into the mine. shipping plug priming adapters. 4. Remove the firing wire from the 4. Reverse the shippingplugprim- stake beneath the mine or ing adapter and screw it in the around the mine leg. Reroll the detonator well, plug end down. blasting cap and firing wire on 5. Remove the mine from its em- the paper form and secure this placement position and repack.

41 Store accessory items in origi- used to emplace it above ground, nal or appropriate containers. whereas the cloth tabs are used to (2) Desfrucfion. Any mine considered tie or nail the mine to trees --- a dud or otherwise in an unsafe posts. The mine is covered condition should not be handled or green and brown fleck in a camL __ jarred but should be destroyed as flage pattern to reduce detection. instructed in TM g-1300-203. The mine is capable of causing a severe or fatal wound within 35 21. Mine, Antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) with meters and casualties at ranges up Carrying Kit, M68 (T66) or M69(T67) to 50 meters. The principal dimen- a. General. This mine is an earlier sions of the mine are as follows: model of mine M18Al which is described Length...... 9-l/4 in. in paragraph 20. The difference between Width ...... 3-l/4 in. the two models may be seen by comparing Thickness (approx) . , . l- in. figure 24 with figures 17 and 22. The use Length of outer legs. . . 4-l/2 in. and functioning of the Ml8 is similar to Length of center legs the use and functioning of M18A1, de- (approx) ...... 6- in. scribed in paragraph 20. Weight (approx) ...... 2-l/2 lb. See table I for additional data. b. Descripfion. (1) The antipersonnel mine Ml8 (T48) (2) Carrying kif M68 (T66). This kit comes in two versions, with or is a bandoleer type (fig. 25) car- without a peepsight, otherwise both rier for personnel and contains one versions are identical. The mine antipersonnel mine, battery holder consists of a curved rectangular with protective wood block, blast- plastic case containing high ex- cap with lead wire in a cardboard plosive and steel fragments. The tube, and instruction sheet in a forward face contains the steel canvas carrying case. Dry cell fragments and is designed to pro- flashlight batteries are not pack+ duce a fan-shaped spray whichcan in the kit; however, they are be aimed at a prescribed target Unable. area. The arrow marked on the top (3) Carrying kit M69 (T67). This kit of each mine indicates the direc- is a haversack (fig. 26) for use by tion of aiming. The mine has three armored and mechanized units and folding-type legs and cloth tabs on contains five antipersonnel mines, each side. The legs of the mine are five blasting caps with lead wires

,!NSLJLATED FIRING WIRE

SWITCH’ ORD Dl4 Figure 24. Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T&)-ready for firing. 42 (each cap with wire in acardboard must be placed forward of the mine tube) packed in a protective box, to provide maximum stability. five spools of insulated electric Note. For installation on a tree or post, wire (100 feet per spool), one the legs Bhould remain folded and the mine secured by ty in g or nailing through the utility belt, one box of electrical holes p r o v i de d in the cloth tabs of the tape, and five instruction sheets in mine. For either method of installation, the a canvas haversack. arrow on the top of the mine is pointed at the center of the fragmentation pattern c. Arming and Laying. (which is 0.83 meters high at a distance of (1) Using the point of a caliber .30 35 meters). cartridge or a similar shaped ob- (4) After placement of the mine, com- ject, puncture the tape at either pletely unwind the 16 meters (50 end of the mine and form a hole in feet) of lead wires and run them to the explosive for insertion of the the firing position. The lead wires blasting cap. may be laid on top of the ground, (2) Carefully remove special electric but if time permits the wires should blasting cap (type II, 52, PETN) be buried under soil to reduce the from the cardboard tube and insert possibility of being dislodged or into the hole provided, making cer- cut by artillery fragments. tain that firm or positive contact d. Preparation and Firing. between the explosive charge and Utilization of mine Ml8 (T48) with the blasting cap has been achieved. carrying kit M68 (T66) (fig. 25). (3) For emplacement above ground, (a) R e m o ve the protective wood unfold the legs of the mine and blocks from battery holder. press them firmly into the ground. (b) Insert two 1-l/2-volt flashlight Warning: The center leg of the batteries into the battery holder, mine, when emplaced in the ground, making certain that forward end

BtASTIb 4G CAP W/FIRING WIRE

woe

INSTRUCTION SHEET ORD D15 BATTERY HOLDER

Figure 65. Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) with carrying kit M68 (T66).

43 of each battery is facing the clip meters (50 feet) of lead wire of the holder. used. tl?brning: The switch of the bat- (3) C$iIization of mine Ml8 (T48) P - tery holder m us t be in the OFF other firing devices. This mi _ position, may also be fired by using pull- (c) Carefully attach the lead wires type firing devices and nonelectric to the clips of the battery holder. blasting caps with sufficient length The mine is now ready to be of detonating cord to bridge the fired. distance between the mine and the (d) The mine is fired by firmlypush- firing device as described inpara- ing the switch to the ON (full graph 2Ob. forward) position. e. Disarming. (e) If additional lead wire is re- (1) If dry cell batteries and battery quired, add 3 volts (in series) for holder(s) were utilized, make cer- each 16 meters (50 feet), utiliz- tain that switches are in the OFF ing additional batteries and bat- (rearmost) position, and remove tery holders. lead wires from the clips of the (2) Utilization af Mine Ml8 (T48) with holder. carrying kit M69 (67) (fig. 26). (2) Short the lead wires by twisting (a) The mine packed in this carrying the bare ends together. kit is fired by connecting the lead (3) Carefully remove the blasting cap wires to the battery of a tank or from the mine. other vehicle, (4) Rewind lead wires and return blast- (b) If additional’ lead wire is re- ing cap and wire to original card- quired, 3 volts must be available board tube. at the power source for each 16 (5) Remove the mine from its installed -

INSTRUCTION SHEET (5)

ANTiPERSONNEl MINE Ml8 (5).

PROJECTOR BOX FOR FIVE INSULATION TAPE ELECTRIC BLASTING CAPS

ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP

OR0 D16A

Figure 26. Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) with carrying kit, M69 (T67).

44 position, fold the legs if required, it can be used in large numbers and may and return it to its original pack- readily be concealed. This mine is capable ing. of inflicting a serious casualty since it Caution: Provided the original explodes in‘d&ect contact with theenemy. packing is not available, care Being of practically all plastic construc- should be taken to prevent water tion, it is nondetectable by magnetic mine from accumulating in the hole after detectors. removal of the blasting cap. b. Description. The mine is cylindrical X Precautions in Use. in shape. Six ribs on the outside of the body Warning: Stones or mine debris may provide strength and serve as a means be thrown to the rear of sides at the time for identifying the mine in darkness. For of firing. Personnel within 100 meters to safety, the plug-type plastic detonator the rear or sides of the mine must not be holder with detonator, is packaged sep- exposed. The mine must be fired only from arately within the same shipping container protected or shielded positions no closer as the mine. The detonator holder is tobe than 16 meters from the mine, installed in the base of the mine (figs. 28 (1) Follow the precautions contained in and 29). During shipment, the hole in the paragraph 2 1 i. base of the mine is closed by a shipping (2) Keep batteries dry and warm in plug. The shipping plug is similar in ex- cold weather so that the mine can ternal shape to, the detonator holder except be successfully detonated. that the shipping plug has a circular head (3) Use fresh or fully charged batter- while the detaonator holder has a hexagonal ies atall times. head. The pressure plate has a yellow indicating arrow and is indented to accom- 22. Mine, An+ipersonnel,‘Nonme+allic (NM), modate the mine and fuze wrench. Two M14, with Integral Fuze letters, “A” and YV, on the top of the fuze body signify “armed” and “safe” respec- a. General. This mine (figs. 27 and 28) tively. The slots in the pressure plate are is a nonmetallic, blast type, high-explosive for insertion of the steel, U-shapedsafety antipersonnel mine consisting of a main clip (fig. 28). The pull cord is for use in charge of tetryl (1 ounce), and an all- removing the safety clip from the mine plastic body with an integral plastic fuze when testing and arming. Beneath the safety having steel firing pin. Because it is small

INDICATING, #?~OW

SAFETY CLIP

PULL

SAFETY CLIP REMOVED SIDE VIEW SAFETY CLIP IN POSITION TOP VIEW

RAPD 203131

Figure 27. Mine, antipersonnel, NM, MlJ, with integral fuze.

45 BE&R GASKFT

BASE GASKET CAPRYING CORD GWPL BASE) RA PD 14968iA

Figure 28. Nonmetal& antipersonnel mine Ml4 with safety clip removed and detonator installed. clip slots is a circular groove lfor a rubber Weight, loaded and fuzed (integral gasket which makes a watertight joint be- fuze and detonator) - 3-l/3 ounce- tween the pressure plate and the fuze body. (approx.) . A lock key is fastened to the center of the Weight of explosive char under side of the pressure plate. The lock (tetryl) - 1 ounce. key holds the lock ring firmly when the Dimensions - height, l-9/16 arrow on the pressure plate is pointed to inches; diameter, 2-3/16 inches. YP. The lock ring prevents the mine from Material - plastic. firing prematurely. The spider spaces the Fuze - integral. parts within the fuze and supports the pres- Detonator - M46, in plastic hex- sure plate when this plate is in the “safe” agonal-head detonator holder (in- position. The three projections on the installed in the field). side of the center hole of the spider pre- Booster - none required. vent the lock ring, belleville spring, and Color - olive drab, firing pin assembly from rotating when Marking (on bottom) - nomencla- the pressure plate is turned. The belle- ture, symbol of parts manufac- ville spring with the attached lock ring and ture, loader’s lot number, month firing pin assembly is seated against the and year loaded. spider and is held in place by a ridge on Shipping plug - circular-headpar- the rim of the partition. The partition also tially slottted shipping plug, in holds the main charge in place and pre- place as shipped, to be replaced vents any explosive from getting into the in the field by detonator holder, firing mechanism of the fuze. Data on this (2) Fuze data. mine is listed in (1) and (2) below, Addi- Model number - none. tional data may be found in table I. Components - pressure plate, lock (1) Mine data. key, spider, lock ring, belleville Model number - M14. spring, and firing pin, Type - blast. Type - belleville spring - integr?’ F ‘SAFE’ POSITION

DETONATOR

‘ARMED’ POSITION

LOADERS LOT

BELLEVILLE SPRING DATE (MONTH AND

BOlTOM AS

TETRYL CHARGE DETONATOR HOLDER CROSS SECTION ORD D760 Figure B9. Mine, antipersonnel, NM, MI&top, bottom and cross section.

Material - plastic (except steel wrench (fig. 30). Inspect detonator firing pin). well for foreign material. Remove Safeties - clip (U-shaped) withpull foreign material when found. cord; provision for turningpres- (2) Turn the pressure plate in a clock- sure plate from safe position wise direction with the wrench (yellow pointer at S) to armed (arming tool), so the indicating position (yellow pointer at A). arrow points to “A” (fig. 28). This Color - olive drab, places the pressure plate in the c. Functionin& armed position. Withdraw the (1) A force of 20 to 35 pounds willde- safety clip to determine if the mine press pressure plate. will malfunction. Replace the safety (2) Pressure plate depresses lockkey. clip, (3) Lock key forces lock ring to slide (3) Screw the detonator holder with through notches in inner ring of spider and depresses the belle- THIS PORTION FOR USE IN REMOVING SHIPPING PLUG ville spring. ATOR HOLDER (4) Belleville spring snaps into reverse, driving firing pin into detonator . (5) Detonator explodes main charge. (6) Mine will function satisfactorily in temperature ranging from -40” to +125” F. p‘ ‘@‘I-I RAPD 149690 d. Layi@ and Armin& (1) Unscrew the shipping plug from the Figure 30. Wrench, mine and fuze, MS2, for bottom of the mine body using antipersonnel mine Ml4. 47 attached detonator gasket into the f. Disarming and Removal. detonator well. Use the wrench Caution: If there is evidence of dam- (arming tool) to screw the detona- age, boobytrapping, or malfunctioning, do. tor holder down tightly against the not attempt to disarm the mine. Mark .’ detonator gasket to obtain a water- spot for ‘subsequent destruction in plal tight joint, as prescribed in TM g-1903. Warning: Do not exert anypres- (1) Remove camouflage material and sure on the pressure plate. carefully uncover the concealed (4) Place the mine in the ground so mine. Do not exert pressureonthe that the pressure plate extends just pressure plate. above ground level, otherwise a (2) Enlarge the hole carefully and ex- shoe or boot may bridge the mine. amine the ground around and under- Be sure the ground beneath the neath the mine for evidence of mine is sufficiently stable to sup- damage, malfunction, or impro- port the mine when pressure is vised boobytrapping. applied to the pressure plate. If (3) Before the mine is otherwise dis- the ground is not sufficiently stable, turbed, insert the safety clip in the place a block of wood or other slots in the pressure plate. If the nonmetallic object in the bottomof safety clip cannot be inserted rel- the hole to provide a firm surface atively easily, it is an indication for the mine to rest upon. that the mine has malfunctionedor (5) Remove the safety clip by pulling has been damaged, In such cases, the safety clip pull cord. Retain mark the spot and discontinuefur- the safety clip for possible future ther attempt to disarm the mine. (4) Using the mine-and-fuze wrench, (6) ggouflage ie mine and remove turn the pressure plate in a coun- any excess spoil from the immedi- terclockwise direction from llA1’ to ate vicinity of the installation. 11s" Warning: Use extreme care whem (5) Remove the mine from the grow”‘ handling the detonators for this (6) Unscrew the detonator holder fr mine. A severe shock, such as the bottom of the mine body, usin, dropping the detonator on a solid the mine-and-fuse wrench. surface, may cause it to function. (7) Replace the shipping plug and gas- Detonators should never be car- ket. ried in pockets or otherwlseonthe (8) Restore the mine to its original person. After the mine has been condition and packing. armed it should be handled with g. Effectiveness. care. Dc not drop or throw It. (1) No) effective against armored ve- Place it in position carefully. hicles. Note. In camouflaging the mine, use mixture of material such as dirt, clay, grass, (2) When buried so that top of pressure gravel, and fine twigs, arranged so that plate is flush with ground (normal they are not likely to be washed away by procedure), it will cause a non- heavy rain. lethal casualty to any person who TV Boobytrappiq& No provision is made steps on it. for boobytrapping the mine. There are no secondary fuse wells.

Section II. PRACTICE ANTIPERSONNEL MINES AND COMPONENTS

23. General mines-^ . described-. in paragraphs 24 through 28 simulate many of the service antiper- a. Uses. The practice antipersonnel sonnel mines described in paragraphs 14.

48 through 22. The various types of practice are provided for use with practice mines. antipersonnel mines (empty, inert, prac- The firing mechanisms of these fuzes are tice) are used to train personnel in the fitted with primers and igniters which, recognition, care, handling, and use of when initiated, ignite the spotting or pro- antipersonnel mines. pelling charge in the mine. b. Types. The antipersonnel mines and c. Precautions. The following safety fuzes which are designated 9nert” or precautions will be observed in the use of “empty” have metal or plastic parts iden- practice and training mines. tical to those of service mines. These (1) Do not mix service, practice, and inert mines may be filled with inert mate- inert mines and fuzes. Practice rial, such as sand, or they may be empty. and inert mines should be painted The inert mines and fuzes contain no ex- their proper color and have the plosive of any kind and are used only in appropriate identifying terms training for handling mines. Inert fuzes stencilled upon their bodies. are also provided for use with inert and (2) Inert antipersonnel mines, since empty mines. These inert fuzes have no they contain no explosive, are safer explosive or pyrotechnic components. The to handle and therefore should be antipersonnel mines and fuzes which are given preference for training pur- designated “practice” are of the same poses. Personnel should be trained size, shape, weight, and casing material to handle all ammunition and am- as the service mines and fuzes they sim- munition components as potentially ulate. These practice mines contain no dangerous, even though the items high explosive but they may contain small have been designated 9neW or smoke puff and noisemaking charges of low lfempty.fV explosive (black powder or pyrotechnic (3) The rules, regulations, and pre- composition) to simulate the explosion of cautions pertaining to service a service mine. These practice mines are mines and their components in AR provided for practice and training in iden- 385-63 and this manual, pertain tification, care, handling, and use of anti- also to p r a c t i c e antipersonnel personnel service mines. Practice fuzes mines. Table II. Practice Antipersonnel Mine, Fuaes, and Components

Practice Antipersonnel Mines

\Veight as Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped r (lb.) Length Width Height MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M3 pack4 m required ------me--- empty and fuze, mine combination M’7Al inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M2 pa&& m required ------me- --e--- (all mods) inert and fuze, mine, combination M2 or M- 2Al inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M2 Packed 1 mine, 1 fuze/ctn, 10 ctn 39.0 22-3/4 10-l/4 9-3/8 (ail mods) inert and fuze, (10 mine and 10 fuze)/wdn bx. mine, combination M6Al inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M- Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze M605/ 40.0 15-5/8 lo-7/8 8-l/2 16Al inert and fuze, mine strprf paper wrapper and 4 spool combination M605 inert. trip wire and 1 wrench M25/wdn bx. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL Packed 2 mine w/2 fuze and 20 set 31.0 >O-3/4 12-l/4 9 PRACTICE: M8 and fuze, of replacement parts/wdn bx. mine, combination Ml0 or Packed 2 mine w/2 fuze and 20 set 37.0 16-l/2 ll-3/8 13-3/a MlOAl practice. of replacement parts and 5 spool wire in ctn, 1 ctn/strprf pkg. 1 pkg/wdn hx. + 49 Table II. Practice Antipersonnel Mine, Fuzes, and Components-Continued Practice Antipersonnel Mines - Continued - Weight as Shipping case dimension Nomenclature Pecking description . . shipped (lb.) Length Width h MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL Packed 125 mine/ctn, 1 ctn and 6 41 16-3/4 14-l/4 11-3/8- PRACTICE: NM, Ml7 (T34). arming wrench M22/wdn bx.

Practice Antipereonnel Mine Fuzes

FUZE, MINE: combination pa&d as rquir& _------______Ml0 or MlOAl (w/o primer- igniter). FUZE, MINE: combination Packed 4/mtl cntr, 60 cntr (240 125 22 17-l/8 18 MlOAl (w/primer-igniter). fuze)/wdn bx.

Components for Practice Antipersonnel Mines

Weight as Shipping c~.se dimensions (iQ.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped (lb.) Length Width Height BODY, ANTIPERSONNEL pack4 a required ------e-s ------MINE: for practice APERS MINE M8. CAP, ANTIPERSONNEL MINE: Packed as required ------e-- --e-m- ----a- --e-m- for mine, APER, practice M8. CHARGE, SPOTTING, MJNE: pa&d as required ------_--_------_--_- --_-__ for mine, APER, practice M8. PRIMER-IGNITER, MINE pack& m required ------FUZE: for mine, combination Ml0 or MlOAl. -- SIMULATOR, ANTIPERSON- Packed as required ------NEL MINE, PROJECTILE: for mine, apers, practice M8.

24. Mine, Antipersonnel, M3 Empty with 25. Mine, Antipersonnel, M2 (All Models) Fuze, Mine, Combination, M7A1, Inert Inert with Fuze, Mine, Combination This mine and fuse are similar to their M2, M2Al Inert service counterparts described in para- a. General. This mine (fig: 31) simu- graphs 16 and 17, except that the mine lates antipersonnel service mines of the case is empty and the combination fuze is M2 series. Its metal parts are identical loaded with inert material. The metal parts to those of the service mine; however, it of the empty mine are duplicates of those is readily distinguished from them by four used for the service mine, from which it holes drilled in the projector, its color may be distinguished by its color (black), (black), and the word “INERT” stencilled and by the word “INERT” stencilled in on it in white. white. The mine and fuze are used for 6. Description. The mine consists of a training in the care, handling and use of base plate, a piece of sheet tubing attached their service counterparts. The mine may to the base plate, an inert shell contained be ordered separately. in the tube, and a l/4-inch pipe nipple and supervision of trained personnel. The PRONGS( same procedure will be used indisarming and removal of this inert antipersonnel mine as is prescribed in paragraph 14for the antipersonnel service mine. L Precadion. No special precautions are required in training with the inert FUZE, MINE, CO antipersonnel mine (par, 23). However, personnel in training should become famil- iar with all the general rules in care, handling, and preservation on the mine (par. 10) and the precautions applying to the service counterpart of the mine (par. 14).

26. Mine, Antipersonnel, M16Al inert with Fuze, Mine, Combination M605 Inert The metal parts for this mine and fuze are identical to those used for their service counterparts (pars. 18 and 19). The mine and fuze are loaded with inertmate- rial and, except for the firing mechanism of one fuze, will not function. This mine and fuze are used for training in the care, handling, and use of their service counterparts. ORD IX334

27. Mine, Antipersonnel, Practice, M8 and Figure 31. Mine, antipersonnel, M2A3B8, inert and fuze, mine combination, M6A1, inert. Fuze, Mine Combination, Practice, Ml0 and MlOAl pipe coupling which serves as a fuze well a. General. This practice mine, which for the fuze. The inert base coupling of the simulates the M2 series of antipersonnel fuze is assembled to the pipe coupling and service mines, is shown, with fuze MlOAl is protected during shipment and handling installed, in figure 32. The metal parts by a hexagonal cap. An inerted fuze M6Al for this mine are identical to those of the is used. For description of the service service mine M2A4 (par. 14) except for the fuze M6A1, refer to paragraph 15. projectile. The projectile in the M8 is c. Functioning. A load of 8 to 20 pounds made of cardboard and contains a spotting applied on any one of the fuze pressure charge assembly which resembles a blank- prongs or a pull or 3 to 10 pounds on the loaded shotgun’shell with a delay fuze ele- release pin will release the firing pin, ment instead of -a primer. The M8 practice causing it to strike the inert primer in mine may be used many times by replacing the base coupling of the fuze. No other the following separately requisitionable action occurs, since the mine is completely components which are fired or damaged inert. in use: fuze igniter andprimer assemblies d. Layfng and Arming. The same pro- (primer coupling base with black powder cedure will be used in laying and arming igniter crimped on), mine caps (covers), this inert antipersonnel mine as is pre- cardboard projectiles, and spotting scribed in paragraph 14 for the antiper- charges. Firing mechanisms (tri-pronged) sonnel service mine. and igniter and primer assemblies are in e. Boobflrapping. Practice in booby- separate containers in the same box (fig. trapping will be conducted under the 33) with the mine and are to be assembled

51 to the mine in the field. See table II for Fuze well-uncapped, located in information on packing and replacement tube extending upward from base. components. A firing mechanism and an qne. delay charge. /--. igniter and primer assembly constitutes One relay charge. the fuze. Note that no propelling charge is One spotting charge (black pow- used in this mine although a propelling der - 0.38 ounce). charge is used in the M2 series antiper- Painting - blue. sonnel mines. The igniter charge in the Marking- nomenclature of mine, fuze expels the cardboard projectile. For month, and year loaded, and lot description of practice fuses Ml0 and number (including loader’s in- MlOAl, refer to paragraph 28. itials and symbol) all in white. (2) Froze. Model number - MlOAl (or MlO). -GSi3I ------___ Components - firing mechanism; primed coupling base withsafety fuze delay and crimped-on black powder igniter. Type - combination. Weight of igniter (black powder) - 15 grains. Dimension - height (fuzed), 9-3/4- PULL inches; diameter including por- SPRING PROJKTOR tion of base for fuze well, 4 T, ,Ljc inches. Thread size - 9/16-inch. Material - zinc base alloy. Safeties -locking safety pin (cot- Tk.\COUf’CING g ter pin type) in release pin ti z end opposite release pin rj w‘ positive safety pin (cotter I CARDBOARD type) in end of firing pinbetween pressure prongs. ’ IGNITER CHARGE Painting - olive drab. Marking - nomenclature of fuze.

ISPOTTING CHARGE 4SSEMBLY

RELAY CHARGE DELAY CHARGE

OR3 0835

Figure 36. Mine, antipersonnel, practice, M8 and fuse, mine combination, MlO.41.

b. Description. (1) Mine. Model number - M8. Weight, unfuzed - 3.63 pounds. Dimensions -height, fuzed, 9-3/4- inches; diameter -plus portion of base for fuze, 3-3/4-inches. Figure 33. Packing box for two antipersonnel Material - steel. practice m&e M8 and 80 of each replacement part--

52 c. Functioning. Actuation of the firing Note: If the base coupling has a hexa- mechanism by an applied load of 8 to 20 gonal edge, use antipersonnel mine fuzing wrench M25. pounds on any of the prongs of the head, (6) Fit the. spotting charge into the or by a pull of 3 to 10 pounds on the re- cardboard projectile (canister). lease pin by means of a trip wire, causes Note. The spotting charge does not al- the firing pin to hit the primer. The primer ways fit easily into the cardboard projec- ignites a delay train which burns for 4 to tile. Do not strike the spotting charge when inserting it. Either enlarge the pro- 5 seconds before igniting the igniter jectile hole, or twist and press the spot- . charge. The igniter charge ignites the ting charge in with a steady pressure. delay element in the spotting charge and (7) Insert the cardboard projectile expels the cardboard projectile (canister) with spotting charge into the pro- from the projector, blowing off the mine jector tube and snap the mine cap cap. After a short delay during which the (cover) over the projector. part of the projectile containing the spot- Caution: This should be done ting charge rises aboout 6 feet in the air, after the fuze is installed. the flame from the delay element initiates (8) Lay the mine in a hole (about 10 the spotting charge. The spotting charge inches deep) on a firm foundation explodes with a loud report and emits with the tips of the fuze pro smoke. extending just above ground Id=vel. d. Laying and Armin& Pack dirt around mine up to the (1) Remove a mine, a firing mechan- mine cap until the mine is solidly ism, and igniter-and-primer as- and firmly emplaced. sembly (an igniter-and-primer as- Note. Do not c over the ;Jrojector with dirt or rocks. sembly consists of a coupling base (9) Install one or more trip wires by fitted with both a primer and an attaching them first to firmly- igniter), a spotting charge, and a driven anchor stakes and then to the cardboard projectile from their -. release-pin ring, leaving enough packings. slack to allow the top of the fuze (2) Test both the locking safety pin to rotate and thus receive a direct (located in end of the release pin pull on the release pin ring from opposite to the release pin ring) any one of the trip wires. This is and the positive safety pin (located necessary for proper functioning in the firing pin between the pres- of the fuze. sure prongs) for freedom from (10) Remove the locking safety pin by binding, by twisting the safety pins pulling on the cord to which it is gently with the fingers. attached. Cautfon: If either of these safety (11) Camouflage the installation in ac- pins is not free enough to be re- cordance with instructions in FM moved easily when arming the fuze, 20-32. a damaged firing mechanism is (12) Remove the positive safety pin (lo- indicated. Such a firing mechanism cated between the three prongs) by should be replaced. pulling on the cord to which it is (3) Assemble the firing mechanism to attached, thus arming the fuze. the igniter-and-primer assembly, Caution: Do not disturb the trip thus completing the fuze MlOAl. wires. Note. Use only the black4-K-second delay flash igniter. (13) Save the safety pin for subsequent Inspect the fuze well of the mine disarming of the fuze. (4) Note. The mine may be ins ta 1 led for and remove any foreign material. pressure and trip-wire operation or it may (5) Screw the fuze into the fuze wellof be installed for pressure operationonly by the mine as shown in figure 34, omitting the trip wires. grasping the knurled edge of the e. Disarming and Removal (Neutraliz- base coupling. ing).

53 (1) Carefully inspect the installation hands or other parts of the body for boobytrapping devices. should not be directly over the - (2) Carefully remove the camouflage mine at any time. material. (2) If the spotting charge fails to (3) Insert the positive safety pinfirst, the cardboard projectile is pi,- then insert the locking safety pin. pelled into the air. Personnelmust Disconnect trip wires. be alert to avoid the fallingprojec- it; Remove the mine from the hole. tile. The falling cardboard pro- . (6) Remove the fuze. Unscrew the fir- jectile must be recovered and the ing mechanism from igniter and unfired spotting charge removed. primer assembly. (3) Do not open replacement part con- (7) Remove the mine cap from the tainers until ready for use. mine projector and remove the (4) Protect spotting charges and ig- cardboard projectile. Remove the r&&-and-primer assemblies in spotting charge from the cardboard opened containers from exposure projectile. t43 moisture. (8) Restore mine, firing mechanism, igniter and primer assembly, spot- 28. Fuze, Mine, Combination, Practice ting charge, cardboard projectile, Ml0 or MlOAl and mine cap to their original condition and packings. a. General. This fuze is a combination f. Functioned Mine and Fuze. fuze of the pull-pressure type, used to (1) The mine body and the firing mech- ignite the spotting charge in antipersonnel anism of the $uze which have func- practice mine M8. It is shown in figure 32 tioned are reusable. The fired assembled to the mine. The MlOAl fuze igniter-and-primer assembly can be used interchangeably with the MlO, (primed base coupling with the principal difference being in the c 1:i mp e d-on igniter) should be primer. The difference between the M3 9@. either replaced by a new one or primer which is used with the fuze Mlc prepared for reuse by renewing the and the MK 5 primer which is used 1 primer and igniter. fuze Ml0 is that the M39Al has a sharper (2) To be reused, the functioned firing pointed anvil and a flat bottom cup, thus mechanism must be recocked and providing more reliable functioning. its safety pins replaced. To recock, b. Description. This fuze consists of a place the end of a stick, pencil, or tri-pronged firing mechanism and a base nail against the firing pin and push to which an igniter containing 15 grains of black powder is attached. The base also it back until it is held in place by contains a primer and a safety fuze which the release pin. provides a delay of 4 to 5 seconds. The (3) After restoring the mine body and firing mechanism consists of a cylindrical fuze (firing mechanism, and ig- metal case containing a trigger pin, a re- niter-a n d-primer assembly) to lease pin, and a firing pin, each pin being the i r original condition, either fitted with a coil spring to provide the force place them in their original pack- necessary to activate the fuze. Two safety ing or prepare them for immediate pins render the fuze safe during shipment reuse by following the procedure and handling. One safety pin (locking safety in above, using replacement parts pin) passes through the end of the release as required. g. Specia.1 Precautions. pin and bears against the body of the fuze; (1) When this practice mine functions, the other safety pin (positive safety pin) the mine cap and part of the card- passes through that part of the firing pin board projectile are projected up- which protrudes between the prongs and ward; hence, to prevent injury in above the top of the fuze (par. 2’76.). case of accidental functioning, the (1) The three prongs are assembled to_ the hollow trigger pin which is held vide the visible and audible signal re- against the top of the casing by quired for the practice mine, the Ml7 pressure of the trigger pinspring. contains an expelling charge, a smoke The wedge-shaped portion at the charge and two small firecrackers. The base of the trigger pin bears on expelling charge blows the fuze portion of the release pin, the mine and the two firecrackers out of (2) The release pin, has a keyhole- the ground. The firecrackers function shaped slot. The narrow portion either in the air or on top of the ground. of the slot engages the notch inthe The smoke charge stays in the ground firing pin to hold the firing pin in and burns for approximately 5 seconds, the cocked position. causing a smoke cloud to issue from the (3) The firing pin is a steel rod ap- hole made by the expelled fuze. The Ml7 proximately l/B-inch in diameter practice mine has the following character- and has a circumferential groove istics: force of 20 to 35 pounds applied to or 2 slots where it passes through the pressure plate of the armed mine will the release pin. cause the mine to function. A man’s weight c. Functionin& is sufficient to activate a mine Ml7 buried (1) When a sufficiently heavy load (8 to to a depth of l/a-inch or less. The Ml7 20 pounds) is applied to any of the is designed to withstand exposure to alter- prongs, the trigger pin is forced nate freezing and thawing periods. downward and acts against the re- b. Description. lease pin to force the release pin (1) Mine. outward. This action disengages Model number - Ml7 (T34) the narrow portiop of the keyhole- Type - practice (simulating blast slot from the notchor groove in the type) firing pin, and the firing pin is We i g h t (with integral fuze) - 4 driven by its spring into the primer ounces (approx.) and fires it. Weight of smoke tube charge (2) A pull of 3 to 10 pounds on the trip (smoke composition) - 200 wire attached to the release-pin grains ring will pull the release pin out- Weight of expelling charge (black ward. This releases the firingpin, powder) - 60 grains (approx.) which is then driven by its spring Weight of firecracker detonator into the primer, firing it. charge - 1.75 grains (approx.) (3) The functioning of the primer ig- Dimensions -height, l-9/16 nites the safety fuze which,.after 1 inches; diameter, 2-3/16 inches to 2 seconds, ignites the blackpow- Material - plastic der igniter charge. Fuze - integral d. Arming and Disarming. R e f e r to Color-blue (arming arrow in paragraph 27d and 27e. white) Marking (on bottom) - nomencla- 29. Mine, Antipersonnel, NM, Ml7 (T34) ture, symbol of parts, manufac- with integral Fuze turer, loader’s lot number, a. General. This mine (fig. 34) is the month and year loaded. practice version of mine, antipersonnel, Plug (in bottom) -head of plug is NM, M14, with integral fuze (par. 22). The same size and shape (hexagonal) Ml7 like the M14, is detectable by metal- as head of detonator holder of lic-type mine detectors, and is not re- Ml4 mine, which the Ml7 simu- usable. Unlike the M14, the Ml7 provides lates. a 1 to 2 second delay between activation (2) Fuze. and functioning. The mine cannot cause Components - pressure plate, lock injury to the person initiating it or per- key, spider, lock ring, belleville sonnel in the immediate vicinity. To pro- spring, and firing pin. 55 CROSS SECTION

FUZE ASSEMBLY

MINE ASSEMBLY

ORD D761

A-Key lock (plastic) L-Body, mine (plastic) B-Plate, pressure (plastic) M-Gasket, plug (rubber) C-Clip, safety (steel) N-Plug (plastic) D-Gasket (rubber) P-Fuze, delay E-Spider (plastic) Q-Charge, initiating F-Body, fuze (plastic) R-Igniter, prime charge G-Firing pin assembly (consists (quick match) of plastic belleville spring, S-Igniter, firecracker plastic lock ring, and (quick match) firing pin assemblyj T-Charge container H-Partition (plastic) U-Cord, carrying J-Smoke tube assembly V-Expelling charge K-Firecracker assembly W-Igniter

Figure 34. Mine, antipersonnel, practice, NM, Ml7 (T34) top, bottom, and cross section.

Type - belleville spring - integral the safety clip prevents downward motion Material - plastic (e xc e p t steel of the pressure plate, If the safety clip is firing pin) removed, the mine remains safe until the Safeties - steel c 1 i p (U-shaped) pressure plate is turned from the safe (S) with pull cord; provision for position to the armed (A) position (fig. 35). turning pressure plate from safe This motion disengages the key lock from position (white pointer at A) the lock ring and turns the pressure plate Color - blue clear of the spider, permitting downward c. Functioning. Until the mine isarmed, motion of the pressure plate. Any weight

56 on the pressure plate will then be trans- (S) in a clockwise direction, until mitted to the firing pin spring assembly. the arrow on the pressure plate If a weight of 20 to 35pounds is so applied, points to (A). the belleville spring will snap through (3) Lay the mine in a small hole in the center, causing the firing pin to initiate ground so that pressure plate is the primer charge. The initiating charge within l/2-inch of the surface of then ignites the fuze delay which burns the ground. The ground beneaththe for 1 to 2 seconds before initiating the mine should be sufficiently firm to igniter. The igniter initiates the prime support the mine when pressureis charge igniters which in turn initiate the applied to the pressure plate. The smoke charge and the firecrackers. The mine should be anchored, using the igniter also initiates the expelling charge carrying cord, in such a manner which blows the fuze assembly out of the that the mine will not float above ground. ground level should there be a heavy rainfall. (4) Hold the mine firmly with one hand, without touching the pressure plate. With the other hand, remove the WRENCH, MN; AND FUZE, M22 safety clip by pulling the safety clip pull cord. The mine is now fully armed. Caution: Do not touch pressure plate of fuze while arming the mine. Retain safety clip for possible future use. f. Disarmi@. PRESSURE PLATE IN UNARMED ~osmot4 ww SAFETY CLIP IN PLACE. Caution: Check for boobytrapping before removing camouflage material. (1) If there is any evidence of boobytrapping, damage, or malfunctioning, or if the safety clip cannot be replaced, discontinue any attempt to disarm the mine. (2) Carefully remove camouflage ma- PRESSURE PLATE IN ARMED CONDITION WITH SAFETY CLIP REMOVED. terial and insert the safety clip RAPD 212803 into the slots in the pressure plate Figure 35. Mine, antipersonnel, practice, NM, Ml7 before the mine is otherwise dis- (T34)-method of using arming wrench. turbed. (3) Turn the pressure plate from (A) d. Preparation for use. The mine is in a counterclockwise direction assembled and shipped with the arrow on with the arming wrench until the the pressure plate turned to safe (S) and arrow points to (S). with the safety clip in place. The plug in g. Precautions. base of the Ml7 mine must not be removed. Unlike the Ml4 mine, it is not necessary (1) In use, All precautions normally to remove a shipping plug and insert a followed in the storage, shipment, detonator. The mine Ml7 is complete as handling, and use of militarypyro- shipped. technics should be followed. Refer to TM g-1370-200. e. Laying and Arming. (1) Make certain that the safety clip (2) In storage. The practice mine should be stored in accordance is in place. (2) Using the arming wrench M22 (fig. with instructions contained in TM 35) turn the pressure plate from g-1903.

57 CHAPTER 3 _- ANTITANK MINES - Section I. SERVICE ANTITANK MINES, FUZES AND COMPONENTS

30. General a. Uses. Antitank mines are used pri- force developed by the explosion for their marily to restrict or delay movement of effect. For a more detailed general de- enemy vehicles. An antitank mine is so scription of antitank mines see paragraph placed in the ground that it will be trig- 5. gered by movement of enemy tanks, vehi- c. Fuzes and Other Components. Vari- cles, or attempted removal by e n e m y ous types of fuzes are used to activate troops. Antitank mines will usually destroy antitank mines. The fuze serves to trans- a small unarmored vehicle. Although they form the mechanical initiating action may not always destroy an armored tank (pressure) on the fuze to an explosive force they can be relied on to incapacitate it, which initiates the high-explosive train of usually by damaging its tracks. Heavy anti- the mine. Antitank mines require a booster tank mines are likely to be triggered by which serves to amplify the explosive force foot troops unless they attempt to run of the detonator in the fuze and to assure across or distrub them. Detailedinforma- initiation of the main charge in the mine. tion on uses !and tactical employment of Antitank mines are provided with sec- antitank mines may be found in FM 20-32. ondary fuze wells for use inboobytrapping b. Mines. Representative types of anti- the mine (par. 6). A secondary fuze usually tank mines are shown in figure 1. An ex- consists of a standard firing device (par. ample of both a light and a heavy antitank 42) screwed into an activator (par. 32, mine is shown in this illustration. Light which serves as an adapter-detonator antitank mines are now obsolete; however, the firing device. inert, empty, and practice models of light d. Data. Tabulated data on antitank antitank mines are available (see table IV, mine fuzes and components may be found and par. 38). Most antitank mines are of in table III. Additional data may be found the blast type and depend on the explosive in paragraphs 31. through 35.

Table III. Service Antitank Mines, Fuaes, and Components. Service Antitank Mines

Weight as Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped , (lb.) Length Width Height MINE, ANTITANK: HE, heavy Packed 1 mine (w/fuze and 1 acti- 49.0 18 15-l/8 7-l/2 Ml5 w/fuze, mine, AT M603 vator, ea in can M182)/wdn bx. and activator Ml. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, heavy Packed 2/wtrprf barrier bag, 2 bag 90.8 22-l/8 20-l/8 16 M21 and fuze, mine, com- (4 mine w/2 wrench M26)/wrbnd bination M607 and booster bx. M120. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, NM, Packed 2 mines (w/2 fuze M606, 1 71.8 16-3/8 lo-3/8 16 Ml9 (T18). wrench M22 and 2 detonator holder assy in crdbd ctn, overpacked in barrier material bag and 2 activator M2 in indiv mtl cntr)/ wdn bx. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, NM, Packed 2 mine (w/2 fuze and 1 71.8 16-3/8 lo-3/8 16 Ml9 (T18E4) w/fuze mine wrench)/wdn bx. M606 (T1202E2).

58 Table III. Service Antitank Mines, Fuzes, and Components-Continued

Service Antitank Mines - Continued

Weight as Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped (lb.) Length Width Height MINE, ANTITANK: HE, NM, Packed 2/support/hag, 2 bag (4 m-s- ---_------_____ Ml9 (w/fuze M606, w/acti- mine and 1 arming wrench M22)/ vator M2). wrbnd bx.

Service Antitank Mine Fuzes

FUZE, MINE: AT M603------Packed l/mtl cntr, 144 cntr (144 58.9 16-3/8 17-7/8 13-3/8 fuze)/wdn bx. Packed l/mtl cntr, 180 cntr (180 71.6 16-3/8 14-7/8 13-3/8 fuze)/wdn bx, MINE, ANTITANK: HE, Heavy Packed 2 mines (w/2 fuzes and 2 60 17-5/8 16-3/16 8-3/4 M6 w/fuze, mine, AT(M603) activators) in a wdn bx. and activator Ml. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, light Packed 12 mines in rows of 3, w/12 71.5 18-3/8 10-l/2 7-l/4 M7 w/fuze, mine, AT M603. fuzes and 12 activators all packed inawdnbx. Packed 12 mines w/l2 fuzes ------77 23-3/8 ll-3/4 9-l/2 Components of Service Antitank Minea Weight as Shipping case dimensions (in.) Nomenclature Packing description shipped _ . (lb.1 Length Width Height ACTIVATOR, ANTITANK MINE: Packed l/mtl cntr, 100 cntr (100 47.9 22-l/4 9-3/4 14-l/2 Ml. activator)/wdn bx. Packed l/mtl cntr, 132 cntr (132 65.3 26-7/8 15-3/4 9-3/8 activator)/wdn bx. Packed l/mtl cntr, 144 cntr (144 54.4 IQ-3/8 14-7/8 13-3/8 activator)/wdn bx. Packed l/mtl cntr, 168 cntr (168 ----- _-__------activator)/wdn bx. ACTIVATOR, ANTITANK Packed l/mtl cntr, 180 cntr (180 54.5 16-3/8 16-3/4 14-3/4 MINE: M2 (T3El). activator)/wdn bx. ARMING PLUG, ANTITANK Packed as required ------MINE: M4 or M4Bl (w or w/o spring). ARMING PLUG, ANTITANK Packed 144/wdn bx------70.0 15 13-3/8 11-l/2 MINE: M4 or M4Bl. BOOSTER, ANTITANK MINE: Packed 200/ctn, 6 ctn (1,200 boost- 63.11 16-l/8 13-3/4 13-l/2 Ml20 (w/retainer). er and 1,200 retainer)/wdn bx. RETAINER, ANTITANK MINE Packed 25,00O/fbrbd drum------93.0 16 16 18-l/2 BOOSTER.

31. Mine, Antitank, HE, Heavy, Ml5 with ordinarily be initiated by foot troop s. Fuze, Mine, AT, M603 and However, it is possible that the mine could Activator, Ml be detonated by a running soldier. a. General. This is a high capacity Warning: Friendly troops should amid mine (figs. 36 and 37) intended f o r use areas mined with antitank mine M15. against heavy tanks. A minimum force of 6. Description. 565 f 174 pounds on the fuze is required (1) Mine. to initiate this mine therefore it will not Model number - Ml5 59 Weight, %if&ed- X--pounds Booster - booster Ml20 in boi&m Weight of explosive charge Of main fuze well; no o t he r (Comp B) - 22 pounds booster required. *. Dimensions -height, 4-7/8 inches; Painting - olive drab. diameter, 13-l/8 inches. Marking - nomenclature, lot nL Material - steel ber, month and year loaded, and Fuze well-main (primary) fuze loader’s initials - on bottom of well located in center of mine. mine in yellow. Fuze arming mechanism - arming (2) Fuze (primary). plug M4 or M4Bl. This plug is in Model number - M603 place over main fuze well of mine Type - mechanical, belleville as shipped. This plug (fig. 31) has spring a steel shutter which moves from Weight - 1.56 ounces a side position as the setting knob Weight of explosive (primer deto- is moved from SAFE through nator, lead azide, and RDX) - 7 DANGER to A RME D position. grains (approx.) . Arming plug M4 or M4Bl may Dimensions - height, 1.17 inches; be used with HE antitank mines diameter, 1.125 inches. of the M6 series or the Ml5 Material - steel series. Arming plug M4 is used Safeties - safety clip (fork) with AT practice mine M12. Painting - unpainted Caution: The settingknobshould Marking - nomenclature stamped never be left pointing to DANGER. in metal S e c o n d a r x (boobytrapping) fuze (3) F;uze (secondary) (boobytrapping). wells: Firing device type and model num- Number and location - two wells, ber-any regular type having one located in side and one in 9/16-inch thread, usually pull- bottom; covered by tape, as type Ml. shipped. Activator name and model nun - Type of secondary (boobytrapping) -activator Ml. fuze for which threaded - any firing device (par. 42) andactivator c. Functioning. Ml (par. 35). (1) When the shutter of the armingplug (fig. 38) is in the “ARMED” position, a force of 300 to 400 pounds ARMING PLUG I on pressure plate of mine de- SAFE POSIT10 presses the belleville spring of the mine, causing the shutter to de- press the pressure p 1 ate of the fuze. (2) The fuze pressure plate depresses the fuze belleville spring w hi c h snaps into reverse, driving firing pin into the detonator and exploding it. (3) Explosion of the detonator explodes the booster (M120) which, in turn, Y FUZE WELL explodes the main charge. d. Lap’@ and Arm@. MARKING ON BOTTOM - MINE. AT, HEAVY Ml5 (1) Unscrew the arming plug from the LOT NUMBER RAPD 212800~ mine, using the arming wrench (fig. MONTH AND YEAR LOADED 39) as shown in figure 40. Figure 36. Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, M16. (2) Inspect the fuze well and arn$w 60 FUZE RETAINtR SPRING ,FUZE M603

BELLEVILLE SPRINGS PRESSURE PLATE RUBBER MOISTURE SEAL

SECOt FUZE

RETAINER FOR BOOSTER Ml20

’ 3.‘6 IN’*4 RAPD 149692A

Figure 37. Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, Ml5 (T27)-cross section with fuse M603 installed.

‘SAFE’ POSlTlON ‘SAFE’ POSITION

SHUTTER IN SETTING KNOB IN ‘ARMED’ POSITION ‘ARMED’ POSITION

BOTTOM VIEWS TOP VIEWS RAP0 116933 4 - INSERTliii? ARMING 5 - INDICATOR TURNED Figure 38. Arming plug M.J or MJBI, for antitank PLUG WITH INDICATOR TO ‘ARMED’ POSITIONED mines Ml5 serviceyzM6 empty and Ml8 practice. AT ‘SAFE’ POSITION AFTER LAYING MINE INTO MINE BEFORE LAYING RAPD 116934 Figure 40. Five steps in method of fuzing and arming antitank mine Ml5 with fuze, mine, AT, M603. Warning: Ice in the fuz e well during fuzing operations can cause Figure 39. Wrench, arming plug, MBO, for a serious accident. During freezing arming plug M,$ or M4Bi. weather make sure none is present.

plug threads to see that no foreign Note. Check to be sure booster retainer material is present. Remove for- is seated in fuze well. If booster retainer eign material when found. is not present, replace mine.

61 (3) After removing it from its metal the pointer on the arming p 1~ g shipping container, inspect f u z e points to SAFE. M603 for serviceability. The green Caution: Because of tolerance=. end of the detonator must show in pekmitted in manufacture, it the bottom of the fuze. possible that in some cases t. (4) Just before insertion of the fuze pressure plate of the fuze M603 into the mine, remove the safety extends too high, makhg it diffi- fork from the cover assembly of cult, if not impossible, to turn the the fuze, as shown in figure 40. knob on the arming plug to the This may be done by hand by using ARMED position. Do not attempt the hook-end of the arming wrench. to force the knob but,ifnecessary, Save the safety fork (clip) for use unscrew the arming plug just in disarming the fuze. enough to allow the knob to be (5) Insert the fuze into the fuze well of turned freely. The setting knob the mine, as shown in figure 40, should at no time be left pointed to pushing it down gently until it seats. DANGER. (9) Camouflage the mine in accordance Note. Always insert the main (primary) fuze before installing secondary fuzes. with instructions in FM 20-32. Warning: No pressure must be e. Boobyfrapping. Hoobytrapping of the put on the pressure plate of the fuze mine Ml5 requires activator Ml (par. 35) when inserting it into the fuze well. and a firing device of the pull, or pull- To assure proper clearance be- release type (par. 46) and wire or trip wire tween the fuze pressure-plate but- (fig. 5). ton and the i’shutter of the arming (1) Remove mine Ml5 from packing plug, it is essential that the fuze and inspect for and remove foreign be fully seated on the internal material. shoulder of the mine fuze well. If (2) Remove tape and shipping sleeve the fuze is not fully seated, the but- from secondary f uz e well (s* ton on the fuze pressure plate will well, bottom well, or both). interfere with the movement of the (3) Inspect secondary fuze well ca, shutter in arming the fuze. Hence, fully to make certain it is free of if the fuze does not seat fully, it foreign material. must be removed and the cause in- (4) Remove plug and its gasket from vestigated. head of activator (activator Ml), (6) Make sure that the settingknoband and screw the activator hand-tight shutter are in the SAFE position, into the secondary fuze well of the screw the arming plug with helical mine. Retain plug and gasket for spring fuze retainer into the mine future use. securely as s ho wn in figure 40 (5) Check to assure that the small rub- using the arming wrench to assure ber gasket is in place inside the a watertight joint. activator. Screw firing device (7) Lay the mine on a firm foundation hand-tight into activator (the firing with the top surface of the pres- device do e s nof have a blasting sure plate not more than l-1/2 cap). inches beneath the ground level. (6) Install t r ip wires as required, (8) Just before the mine is covered, fastening them to anchor p o st s arm the mine by turning the setting firsf and to the firing device of knob with red pointer from ‘SAFE” mine last. Make sure there is no through “DANGER” to “ARMED” tension on the wires, except on the as shown in figure 40. The arming pull-release type firing device wrench may be used for this pur- (par. 46), which must be installed pose. The fuze will not function if by special troops only.

62 L Disarmi@ and Removal (Neutrali- (9) Unscrew the actuator from the zing). secondary fuze well(s). Replace the (1) Carefully uncover the concealed plug and gasket in the head of the mine and examine the side andbot- actuatdr. tom secondary fuze wells for (10) Screw arming plug with retainer boobytrapping devices (secondary spring into place hand-tight, with fuzes). pointer on setting knob pointing to Warai@: Trip wire may have “SAFE”. been installed that will initiate a (11) Replace tape over secondary fuze secondary fuze by either pull or well. release. (12) Pack the mine and fuze in its orig- (2) Do not cut tauf trip wires, but cut inal position in its packing con- all slack trip wires. tainer . Warni@ 1: If taut wires are en- Note. The mine may be laid and removed countered when attempting lo neu- any number of times, provided neither fuze nor mines show evidence of damage or de- tralize the mine, do not cut the terioration. wires, under any circumstances. The best procedure is to attach a g. Effectiveness. long rope or wire to the mine with- (1) If buried 3-inches deep, this mine out disturbing the taut trip wire and will disable a medium tank such then remove the mine from the as the 90-n-m gun tank M48 by ground by pulling on the long rope breaking the track. or wire from a protected position, (2) If laid flush with ground, it will making sure that such protected disable a medium tank such as the position is not mined. If this method go-mm gun tank M48 by breaking is not practicable, the matter the track and bogies (road wheels s ho u 1 d be referred to specially or other parts of the suspension system). - trained personnel. Warning 2: When removing the mine with a long rope or wire, use 32. Fuze, Mine, AT, M603 extreme caution - the mine m a y a. General. Antitank mine fuze M603 detonate. (figs. 37, 41 and 42) is an instantaneous (3) Replace all safety pins in the firing mechanical-pressure type fuze. This fuze devices, always replacing the is used and packed with (fig. 43) antitank “positive” safety pin first then mine Ml5 (par. 31). Fuze M603 is also remove the trip wire. available as a separately issued item. (See (4) Unscrew the activator. Replace table III.) plug and gasket in head of acti- b. Description. The fuze consists of an vator. aluminum body l-1/8 inches in diameter (5) Turn the setting knob of the arming and l-3/16 inches high. The body contains plug to the “SAFEff position. a firing pin assembly, a cover assembly, (6) Unscrew firing device from acti- a safety fork (clip), and a detonator. The vator. firing pin assembly consists of afiringpin (7) Remove arming plug by unscrew- and two steel belleville springs held to- ing it in a counterclockwise direc- gether by a retainer which is crimped to tion. the firing pin. The cover assembly con- (8) Remove the fuze, graspingthefuze sists of a metal cover for the top of the pressure plate with the fingers, fuze body and a pressure plate which is and insert the safety fork (clip) attached to the cover in such a manner that under the pressure plate. The fuze the safety fork may be inserted between should come out easily. the fuze body and the pressure plate. The Warning: Do not attempt to re- detonator well contains a detonator move the fuze if it is frozen in crimped to the body of the fuze. Aprojec- place or difficult to remove. tion at the bottom of the fuze bodypermits 63 ALUMINUM FUZE CASE FUZE PRESSURE PLATE

SAFETY FORK \ EELLEVILLE SPRING,

I INCHES’ ’ z SHOULDER\ OF BODY ORD D834 RAP0 167429 Figure 41. Fuze, mine, AT, M603-bottom, tow and cross section. Figure &. Packing box mine, antitank for 7 HE, heavy, hl5. .

handling high explosives should be observed. Refer to paragraph 10. (2) When used with heavy antitank mine MS, the safety fork (clip) should not be removed until immediately before the mine is fuzed, The setting knob of the arming plug of mine Ml5 should not be turned to the l-2.72 armed position until all other operations except final covering of the pressure plate of the mine with earth or other camouflaging material have been completed. (3) For cautionary measures in; p i. and arming, disarming and L-e: moval (neutralizing), in connection with the use of this fuze in heavy RAP0 131065 antitank mine M15, refer to para-

Figure &2. Metal ammunition container for graph 31. fuze, mine, AT, M603. e. Temperature Limits. The fuze M603 operates normally at temperatures be- the detonator (bottom end identified by its tween -40°F. and 125°F. green color), to come into close proximity 33. Mine, Antitank, HE, Hdavy, M21 with with the booster charge. All mines using fuze M603 have a booster Ml20 in thebot- Fuze, Mine, AT, M607 tom of the fuze well. a. General. Antitank mine M21 with c. Functionin& This fuze will function antitank mine fuze M607 (fig. 44) is used when a load of 140 to 240 pounds depresses primarily for destroying tanks and other its belleville spring, causing it to snap into types of tracked and wheeled vehicles. The reverse and drive the firing pin into the fuze M607, with extension rod adapter and detonator. When this fuze is used inheavy extension rod, can be actuated by contact antitank mine M15, a minimum 1 o ad of with any portion of the frontal width of a 565 f 174 pounds is needed on the pres- tank or other vehicle. With the extension sure plate to overcome belleville spring rod adapter and extension rod removed, resistance and actuate the mine. the fuze may be used as a pressure-type d. Precautions in Use. fuze. Mine M21 derives its effectiveness (1) As the fuze contains a detonator, against armor from the energy prodused all precautions prescribed for by the high-explosive charge (Corn7 *

NOTE M21 mines manufactured before September 1963 have extension rod adapters whereas the extension rods of M21 mines manufactured after that date thread direct13 into the M607 fuze. Descriptions of the mine and fuze bodies, and the operating instructions for both types of mines are the same. the charge cap assembly is to receive fuze M607. The body of the mine consists of FUZE, MINE the following components: mine ANTITANK body with its concave steel plate, M607 (T12OOE2i firing pin assembly, and high- explosive charge (Comp H6). The de 1 a y assembly consists of a primer M42, a delay element and a relay assembly. Note. Booster Ml20 is not shipped in the booster cavity of mine M21. It is shipped in the same packing support, but separate from the mine. (2) Antitank mine fuze M607 (T1200E2). Ant it a n k mine fuze M607 (T1200E2) (fig.46), is 4 inches in length without the extension rod. and extension rod adapter, and approximately 2-3/4 i n c he s in diameter. The 3/4-inch external threads at the base of the fuze are protected during shipment by a MINE. ANTITANK: M21 (TQ9E3) ORD D54:-A closure assembly and gasket. The Figure ,$,j,. Mine, antitank, HE, M2l ana’ fuze fuze assembly consists of the fol- mine, antitank M607. lowing components: pressure ring, propelling a mass of steel in an upward cap, b ody, tilt rod, band, stop, direction at velocity sufficient to perforate pull-ring assembly, plastic collar, the tank belly armor. seal, bearing cap, belleville spring, retainer ring, O-ring, fir- b. Description. ing pin assembly, fork, detonator (1) Antitank mine Wl. Antitank mine M46, gasket, and closure assem- M21 (fig. 45) is 9 inches in diam- bly. The band and the stop are held eter, 4-l/2 inches in height, and together by the pull ring assembly contains approximately 11 pounds until the fuze is armed. The 24- of high-explosive (Comp H6). The inch extension rod and the exten- mines are painted olive drab with sion rod adapter are shipped un- markings in yellow. The adjustable assembled (fig. 47). carrying strap attached to the mine Note. The fork of the closure assembly is used for hand or shoulder (fig. 47) prevents the firing pin from accia carrying of the mine, The strap dentally striking detonator M46 during ship- can also be used for lifting the ment or handling. mine from an emplacement. The c. Functioning. approximate weight of the mine, (1) Fuze, M607. The f u z e will func- without fuze M60’7, is 17-l/4 tion with or without the extension pounds. The mine is composed of rod and the extension rod adapter. a cover assembly and a body. (a) With the extension rod and the (a) The cover assembly of the mine extension rod adapter (fig. 48), contains a shipping plug assem- assembled to the fuze (after the bly, a charge cap assembly, a pull-ring assembly, stop, and cover assembly, and a b 1 ac k band have been removed), the powder expelling c h ar ge. The tilting of the extension rod with purpose of the threaded hole in a minimum horizontal force of

65 SHIPPING PLUG ASSEMBLY -

COVER ASSEMBLY\

CHARGE CAP .- BLACK POWDER ASSEYBLY \ EXPELLING CHARGE

_..’ I ‘BOOSTER M 120 HIGH EXPLOSIVE CHARGE .. “( .* .. CLOSING PLUG ASSEMBLY---, ’ 9:; \

k @.. * SCREWDRIVER SLOT \..* ORD D55-B

Figure 45. Mine, antitank, HE, MZl-sectional view.

3.75 pounds, acting through an (b) When used without the extension angle of approximately 20 de- rod and the extension rod grees or more, will shatter or adapter, a minimum force onthe break the plastic collar (fig. 46). pressure ring of 290 pounds

66 SECTION A-A

PRESSUFi,E RING PULL RING ASSEMBLY

TILT ROD

PLASTIC COLLAR -6

SEAL

BEARING CAP\ -m ai BELLEVILLE SPRING

RETAINER i RING

DETONATOR M4 ,6

CLOSURE ASSEMBLY ORD D56-A Figure 46. Fuze, mine, antitank, M607-cross sectional view. acting through a distance of 1/8- tered or broken, the tilt rod inch, will shatter or break the presses against the bearing cap, plastic collar. forcing it downward, causing the (c) Once the plastic collar is shat- belleville spring (fig. 46) tosnap 67 PLASTIC - BARRIER BA(

WIREBOUND PACKING BOX’ -Tzqg j,g

Figure 47. Packing for antitank mine Mdl and components.

into reverse position. The re- 45) blows off the fuze assembly, versing action of the spring the cover assembly, and the dirt drives the firing pin of the firing or camouflage material whit h pin assembly into detonator M46 c over s the mine. The pressure and explodes the detonator, created by the burning of the black which, in turn, fires the black powder expelling charge drives the powder expelling charge of the firing pin into the primer M42, mine (fig. 45). causing the primer to ignite, The (2) MineMZ. The blast from the ignition of the primer, in turn, ig- black powder expelling charge (fig. nites the delay assembly. After-n

68 EXTENSION ROD STOP EXTENSION I\ ROD ADAPTER I

3/4 IN. THREAD. ORD D57

Figure 48. Fuze, mine antitank, M607-before installation in mine M&l.

0.15-second time delay, the relay ure assembly prevents act idental movement assembly is detonated. The deto- of the firing pin. nation of the relay assembly det- Warning: Make sure that the cot- onates booster M120, which then ter pin of the pull ring assembly detonates the high-e xp 1o s i v e holds the stop and band securely charge (Comp H6). The detonation in place under the pressure ring. of the high-explosive charge blows (2) Using the screwdriver end of the the body of the mine apart and arming wrench M26 (fig. 49) re- causes the steel plate to be pro- move the closing plug assembly jected upward at a high velocity. (fig. 45) from the bottom of the d. Laying and Arming. mine and remove any foreign ma- Warning: Only the disassembly and terial found in booster cavity, In- reassembly of components as authorized sert the booster, either end first, herein may be performed. Unauthorized into the booster cavity, then reas- disassembly of ammunition in the field is semble the closing plug securely, dangerous and is prohibited except under using the arming wrench. a specific directive. (3) Using the shipping plug end of (1) Remove mine and components from arming wrench M26, remove the packing support and packing box shipping plug assembly. Remove (fig. 50), and inspect for service- any foreign material found in the ability. Unserviceable items will fuze cavity. be replaced. (4) Using the closure assembly end Note. Check fuze closure assembly (fig. (fig. 52) of fuze wrench M26, re- 46) to make sure that it is firmly seated move closure assembly (fig. 49) against the fuze base. The fork of the clos- from the fuze and assemble fuze 69 Warning 1: The mine should not be armed until just before camouflaging. Warning 2: After arming, e --- tiise care not to tilt the extei rod or the pressure ring as the fuze may be initiated by a minimum force of 3.75 pounds on the end of the extension rod or a minimum tilt force of 45 pounds on the side of the pressure ring. (9) Camouflaging material around the extension rod should be placed in such a manner as not to interfere with its being tilted, thereby pre- venting the fuze from functioning. StiIF’kNG (10) Cover and camouflage the mine and PLUG END ORD 056 fuze in accordance with instructions contained in FM 20-32. Figure 49. Wrench, arming M.96. Note. Avoid use of the extension rod in open areas where it may be easily detected. e. Disarming and Removal. hand-tight into the threaded fuze Warning: If, dur ing disarming, it is hole (fig. 48) of the mine. noted that either the extension rod or the pressure ring appear deformed or tilted, (5) Prepare a h<;le in the ground 10 to 12 inches in diameter and 6 inches or the plastic collar is shattered or broken, deep. keep personnel away from the mine and Note. Make certain that the bottom of notify an explosives disposal officer im- the hole is firm and level so that the mine mediately. will lie squarely on the ground. When the Note. Exercise care during disarming to pr extension rod adapter and extension rod are entr.y of dirt or other foreign matter into the fuz, -L assembled to the mine, the extension rod mine openings. shos.2 be in a vertical position (not tilted in any direction). (1) Carefully inspect mine for booby- (6) Place the mine in the hole and press trapping devices before attempting the dirt firmly around the mine up to uncover the mine. to the level of the top of the fuze (2) Remove the camouflage material, body, taking care not to cover any taking care not to disturb the ex- part of the band. tension rod or the pressure ring Warnin& Take care not to strike until the band, the stop, and the the mine or fuze, pull-ring assembly have been re- (7) Screw the extension rod into the assembled to the fuze. extension rod adapter. Screw this (3) Carefully disarm the fuze by reassembly, hand-tight, to the pres- assembling the band, the stop, and sure ring of the fuze. If pressure the pull-ring assembly to thefuze, ring is to be used as a pressure- as shown in figure 50. Squeeze the firing device, retain extension rod cotter pin ends together in order to and extension rod adapter for fu- reinsert it easily. After inserting, ture use. spread the ends of the cotter pinto (8) Arm the mine by removing the pull approximately 40 degrees. ring assembly, the band, and the (4) Unscrew extension rod and exten- stop. Retain above items for future sion rod adapter, taking care not use. Remove dirt from around the to damage the rod or the adapter. plastic. (5) Remove the mine from the hole.

70 mine, using the shipping plug end of the arming wrench. (8) Unscrew the closingplug assembly from- the bottom of the mine, using the screwdriver end of the arming wrench. (9) Remove the booster; replace and secure the closing plug, using the screwdriver end of arming wrench. (10) Repack the mine and its components in the packing support and the packing box (fig. 47).

34. Mine, Antitank, HE, Nonmetallic (NM) Ml9 (T18E4) with Fuze, Mine, M6O6 a. General. Antitank mine Ml9 (fig. 51) is intended for use against heavy tanks and other types of heavy-tracked and wheeled vehicles. Being of nearly all plastic construction, mine Ml9 is nondetectable by magnetic mine detectors. The mine uses fuze M606, which is a mechanical-pressure type fuze. This fuze is also constructed of plastic material. The fuze M606 will function effectively at temperatures between -40°F to 125°F. b. Description. The mine (fig. 51) is box-shaped, 13.09 by 13.09 by2.95 inches, and contains 21 pounds of Comp B. The mine case is of olive drab plastic material with both embossed and yellow markings. It can easily be identified in the dark by its box shape. The mine is packed withthe primary fuze assembled but withthe detonator removed. c. Components. (1) The mine body holds the high-explosive charge, the tetryl booster pellet, and the fuze. It has two activator wells, one located in the side and the other in the bottom, Figure 50. Disarming antitank mine fuze M607. which are threaded to receive activators if the mine is to be boobytrapped. As shipped in mines of The carrying strap maybe used for earlier manufacture the activator lifting the mine. wells were closed with plugs and (6) Unscrew the fuze from the mine. gaskets; in those of more recent Screw on the closure assembly, manufacture, the wells are closed using closure as s e mb 1 y end of with strips of adhesive tape. arming wrench (fig. 50), to the base (2) The fuze body contains the pres- of the fuze. sure plate, belleville spring, set- (7) Replace and secure the shipping ting knob, step plate, firingpin as- plug assembly in the top of the sembly and detonator.

71 r

BELLEVILLE SPRING

PRESSURE PLATE

HIGH EX;hF;h’; ------iOR WELL \ ‘DETONATOR HOLDER ASSY \ TETRYL BOOSTER PELLET ORD D583

Figure 61. Mine, antitank, NM, Ml9 and /me, mine antitank, M606.

(3) The belleville spring supplies the (4) The setting knob is keyed with the power to snap the firingpin assem- step plate so that the step plate is bly into the detonator when the rotated when the setting knob .js pressure plate is forced downward. turned.

72 (5) The safety clip prevents the set- (5) Insert fuze into mine and lay mine ting knob from moving. on a firm foundation in hole with a d. Functionin& 45-degree side slope and of suffi- (1) When the setting knob on top of the cient depth to cover the mine with setting plate (fig. 51), is in the safe l-1/2 inches of dirt. position (S), the mine cannot func- (6) Remove safety clip and turn setting tion by actio~~~~ ft,h e main fuze, knob to armed position (A), using arming wrench. ~~~t~~~~an~t~~~~~i~~~~ (7) Cover with dirt and camouflage in of the step plate prevents depres- accordance w it h FM 20-32, or sion of the pressure plate. Turning plant in water as describedinpar- the setting knob to th arm dposi- agraph 34 j below. Jz&mG&& with tion (#JP6$+$g$s the f. Boobytrapping. Boobytrapping of the the u and rotates the step mine Ml9 required antitank mine activator plate to a position in whit h the M2 (par. 35), a firing device of the pull or pressure plate can be depressed, pull-release type and a trip wire(s). permitting functioning of the main (1) Remove closure from one or both fuze. The mine is packed and activator well(s) 0 shipped with a safety clip (fig. 29) (2) Make certain that each activator in p 1 ac e to prevent accidental well used is free of foreign mat- movement of the setting knob. ter. (2) After the safety clip has been re- (3) Remove activator p 1ug and its moved and the setting knob turned gasket from head of activator M2 to the armed position (A), a mini- and screw the activator hand-tight mum force of 358 to 500 pounds on into the activator well of the mine. the pressure plate depresses the (4) Making sure that the small rubber belleville spring of the fuze. gasket is in place inside the acti- (3) The belleville spring snaps into vator, screw firing device hand- reverse, driving the firing pin into tight into activator. the detonator and exploding it. (5) Install t r ip wires, as required, (4) Explosion of the detonator initiates fastening them to anchor posts first the booster pellet which, in turn, and to the firing device last. explodes the main charge of the (6) Arm the firing device by removing mine. safety pins, always removing the e. Laying and Arming. ‘positive” safety pin last. (1) Remove the fuze mine assembly (7) Save and conceal all safety pins, from packing. ’ the activator plug and its gasket, (2) Remove the fuze from the mine, and the activator well closure for using the armingwrench M22 (non- future use in disarming and re- . -’ (3) Ch& if in Safe (S) position and clip in moval . (:\ place. Reject defectives. g. Disarm@ and Removal (Neutraliz- (a) Remove shipping plug from fuze detc- nator hole. Visually check position of firing pin. If if&. armed (firing pin ientered in hole) reject-f&e. If (1) Carefully uncover the concealed not armed (firing pin at edge of hole) continue to mine and examine the side and bot- next operation. (6) Remove Safety Clip. tom wells for boobytrapping de- (c) Turn to Armed position (A) with M22 vices (secondary fuzes). Trip wrench. Do not use excessive force after striking stop. Force used should just be enough to wires may have been installed that overcome the friction load that is felt during will initiate a secondary fuze by (\ turning from S to A. either pull or release. (d) Visually check position of firing pin. If not armed (firing pm areuge OflioIe) reJect fuze. If the Never cut taut wires, but cut all .,-. (2) armed (*lnng Pm centered m hole) continue to nbly slack trip wires. next operation. and WYni@ I: If taut wires are en- (e) Turn to Safe (S) position with M22 wench. Obse& same precautions with regard to countered when attempting to neu- excessive force after striking stop as indicated in (c) above. (J1 Visually check position of firing pin. If 73 still in armed position (firing pin centered in hole) reject fuze. If not armed (firing pin at edge of hole) continue with next operations. (g) Replace safety clip. NOTE Purpose of inspection is to detect broken stoo lup that actuates the firing pin &TONATOR

:E M60f

FUZE WELL

MINE, AT, NM, Ml9 /

Figure 6f?. Placement of detonator holder assembly into fuze M606 and of fuze M606 into mine MI,

traiize the mine, do not cut the (4) Unscrew firing device from acti- wires under any circumstances. vator. The best procedure is to attach a (5) Unscrew activator. Replace p 1 u g long rope or wire tothe mine with- and rubber gasket in head of a&i- out diatrubing the taut trip wire, Vator. Replace the closure for the then, from an unmined protected activator well. poWion, remove the mine by (6) Turn the setting knob to the SAFE pulling the r ops or wire. If this position. method is not practicable, the mat- (‘7) Remove the mine fuze, grasping the fuzz ter rshould be referred to specially pressure plate with the fingers. The fuze should trained peraronnel. come out easily. Remove detonator holder an? Wring 2: When removing the inspect to assure that firing pin is in the unarmea mine with a long rope or wire, use position (firing pin at edge of hole). Reject fuze ij extreme caution, because the mine firing pin is still in the armed position (firing pir may detonate. centered in hole). Assemble shipping plug to fuze (3) Replace all safety pins in the firing if available, or tape over hole. devices, always replacing the posi- (8) Remove the trip wire and replace plug(s) ir tive safety pm first. Refer to TM activator well (s), if available, or tape over hole (s) g-1375-200 for instructions per- (9) Restore the mine and fuze to its origina taining to the particular firing de- configuration and packing. The mine may be laic vice involved. and removed any number of times provide< neither fuzes nor mines show evidence of $ T( 74 or deterioration. inches deep, the mine will completelyim- on land in immobilizing trackedor mobilize light and heavy tanks by track wheeled vehicles, because water damage and will immobilize trucks of the tends to amplify the shock waves. .- 2-l/2 ton size. Vehicles which strike mines em i. Sympathefic Detonation. planted in water not only have their (1) When buried l-1/2 inches deep, tracks or wheels destroyed as is sympathetic de onation will occur the case when striking mines when mines ar’ tJ H&feet apart. buried in the ground, but also have (2) When buried 2-inches deep, sym- their support members destroyed pathetic detonation will occur when as well. S ma1 1 e r vehicles are mines are 15 feet apart. flipped over on their backs andal- aL clucav~@b,I (3) When laid on top of ground, sym- m o s t completely destroyed. Be- pathetic detonation will occur when cause of this ability of water to am- mines are 25 feet apart. plify and transmit shock waves to (4) Satisfactory reliability of actuation a much greater degree than does and elimination of sympathetic det- land, mines equipped with pres- onation is obtained when mines are sure-actuated fukes are subject to buried under l-1/2 inches of dirt sympathetic detonation at greater cover, with 45-degree side slope distance than is the case on land. of holes, and six yards center-to- To avoid sympathetic detonation, center distance between adjacent mines Ml9 with fuzes M606 planted mines. in water must be at least 14 feet j. Amphibious Use. apart in two-foot water and at (1) General. Mine M19’is two tothree least 24 feet in five-foot water times as effective in water as it is (fig. 53).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DEPTH OF WATER (FEET). ORD D590

Figure 63. Emplacement of mine Ml9 in water so as to preeent sympathetic detonation.

75 (2) Equipmd. (fig. 52). areas where gravel, rock, stumps, (a) Outrigger. The materials needed and the like exceed mine size. Lf to construct and use the field- such areas are used, so prep- - improvised outrigger are: two the-- field that the mines and t. green limbs three feet long and fuzes will be exposed to the wheeru 1 inch or less in diameter, or tracks of passing vehicles. Since (barbed-wire stakes, signposts, sand in inland waters is con- fence rails, or similar items tinuously moving downstream, it having the proper dimensions may be difficult to locate and re- may be used, but green limbs are move mines planted on or down- recommended because they are stream from sandbars. Be sure to stronger and less likely to float indi c ate such locations on the than are those which are dried- minefield plan. Armored vehicles out or dead), and two pieces of are most likely to enter and exit 3-foot clothesline, twine, or sim- from streams at points where the ilar material. incline is 60-degrees or less. Af- (II] Two lensatic compasses mounted ter entering the stream, they often upon individual plane tables. travel up- or downstream for a (c) One 6-foot rod marked off in distance before leaving it. The trail one-foot increments and, prefer- most like 1 y to be followed by ably, in alternate colors. vehicles fording the stream canbe (d) Two lOO-foot lengths of clothes- predicted if careful examination is line, rope, twine, or similar ma- made of the natural formation along terial, ma,r ke d off in l-foot river banks and the location of un- intervals. derwater obstacles if found. (3) Use of stream characteristcs. (4:) Emplacement of mine Ml9 in wa- Note. Before beginning actual emplanta- ter. tion, prepare a “Minefield Plan” showing Note 1. Check the minefield plan to + essential features of the terrain, such as sure that all in form at i o n determinf those described below. Use this plan as a procedure outlined above has been corrt guide in choosing the minefield site .and to entered, non-fordable are as crossed-b.-, record the location of emplanted mines. and all minefieldreferencepointsrecorded. Choose the area to be mined so as Note 2. If mines are to be planted along its banks as well as in the stream, plans to take the greatest advantage of should be similar, differing principally in the characteristics of the stream that water-implanted mines must be further and adjacent area. Water depth apart than are land-implanted ones, to minimize sympathetic detonation (par. j( 1)). within the minefield should not ex- Note 3. Preparation for firing(except for ceed 3-l/2 feet, since deeper water arming) of mines and fuzes which are to be is difficult to work in and since planted in water should be done on land, as near to the intended minefield as prac- fuzes activated by direct contact ticable. are u s u a 11 y ineffective against Note 4. Coat all fuze threads and wells floating vehicles in water deeper with awaterproof lubricant, aheavy grease, or s 0 m e similar preparation, to minimize than four feet. Because of diffi- chances of water leaking into the mine and culty in maintaining footage and to ease fuze installation. balance in faster water, current Caution 1: When planting mines velocity should not exceed three in streams and rivers, menshould knots. Should the site chosen con- always work in pairs. tain a mud bottom, the mud depth Caution 2: When working in wa- should not be greater than 18 ter, watch for sudden drops in the inches, and there should be a hard level of the bed. base underneath, since the enemy (a) Remove the mine and the fuze is unlikely to c ho o s e a fording- from their shipping container and point in which his vehicles are set the fuze aside, upsidedown. likely to become mired. Avoid Caution: Check to assure saf+

76 100 FT ,ROPE W 12 IN MAfi

~~PLANE TABLE~~

~~. 3 FT LONG LIMBS OR STICKS~~

~~Figure 54. Equipment for amphibious emplacement of mine M19.~~

clip is attached to the s et t i n g is unavailable, be sure that the Imob. B the setting knob is not in substitute t 0 0 1 is nonmagnetic the “S” position, rotate it into and nonsparking. that position. Should the safety (d” Spread a waterproof lubricant or clip be missing, replace it be- a heavy grease on the fuze seal- fore handling fuze. ing gasket. Thread the fuze in the (b) Using the arming wrench M22 mine fuze well, using the wrench provided, remove the white plas- provided. tic shipping plug from the bottom (e) To prepare the outrigger (par. of the fuze M606. j(2) and fig. 54) fasten two 3- (c) Assemble the detonator holder foot green limbs to the underside assembly containing the deto- of the mine and secure with two nator M50 to the fuze. Thread the 3-foot lengths of rope, as shown assembly into the well until it is in figure 55. hand-tight, t h e n complete the (4 With the fuze in a horizontal po- tightening by using the arming sition, carry the mine to its em- wrench M22 (fig. 52). placement position. Caufion: If arming wrench M22 Wring: Do not arm the fuze ORD D586

~~Figure 65. Attachment of mine Ml9 to field outrigger.~~

until the mink is emplaced, and by other means. Accurate rec- approach the. emplacement posi- ords of amphibious mine em- tion from the downstream side. placement positions ~5~1 be ob- Note. To prevent dragging the outrig- tained using one of the fdlOWing- ger or contacting objects in the stream, methods: triangulation, rope, @ carry the mine by grasping its sides, not grid. by its carrying handle. Note. Scattered mine s, laid without (5) Plottin& recordi@ and report@ any basic pattern, add to casualties and mine emplacement. to problems in breaching or clearing the (a) Emplacements s h ou 1 d be re- mine fields. Indiscriminate mining should therefore be used only when the tactical corded and reported as directed situation makes the need for removalex- by FM 5-31, FM 30-21, and FM tremely unlikely. 37-10. The mine laying proce- (b) Triangulation method. dures presented in FM 20- Location of mines through the 32 should be followed whenplant- use of Wiangulationf~ may be ing mines in inland waters, accomplished using plane tables except t h at additional distance and compasses (fig. 56). between mine s is required to Note. When the mines are placed in the preclude sympathetic fuze initi- *water, it is essential that they be cor- ation (par. j(1) and fig. 53). rectly emplaced and positioned to pre- Mines planted in inland waters clude any movement which would invalidate the recordings made at the time of are difficult to remove or re- the mine emplacement, and to eliminate cover by conventional me an s the possibility of sympathetic fuze initi- available to field per s onne 1. ation. Therefare, it is recommended 2. Survey the stream or river to that amphibious m in es be re- determine characteristics of its moved only be explosive breach- current velocities, depth, and ing unless the tactical situation bottom characteristics (par. 34 dictates that these mines be re- j(3)). covered f 0 r reuse or removed 2. Set up the two plane tables Or -- 78 the same side of the stream, cordance with paragraph 34j(l) about 5 feet from the edge of the and figure 53. stream and from 20 to 40 yards Caufion; Do not try to gauge from each other. The tables are distances or the positions of -- located, and leveled, and the mines already laid through the compasses placed in position. use of land marks, which can Note. Plotting points can also bees- be deceiving. One man should tablished across the stream if desired. stand at the position where a 3. Open the cover of the lensatic mine has been planted until the compass and set the compass second man has paced off the on top of the table inside of the required distance to the next inscribed circle in the center of position. The second man should the board to so orient the com- remain in the new location while pass that the arrow points to the the first man goes ashore and north. returns with a mine for planting. Caution: Al 1 ow no metallic Note. Determine placement of addi- objects, such as canteens and tional mines within the first two plot- rifles, near the compass. ting points in accordance with information in paragraph 34j( 1) and the 4. Establish a base line by sighting distance between the plotting points. in each lensatic compass onthe opposite plotting point. Record 10. Remove the safety clip from the on the minefield record the dif- setting knob, and, using arming ference (in degrees) between wrench M22, arm the fuze of the north and the opposite plotting first mine.

point. l Caution: Always arm the fuse 5. Use a six-foot rod to measure from the downstream side of the stream depth to mark the the mine. point where the first mine is to II. Remove the plane tables when be planted. Sight-inboth lensatic all of the mines are planted in compasses on man holding a 5 the area covered by the two plot to g-foot rod. ting points. To ensure that the 6. Have a second man bring the exact positions for these points mine with outrigger attached to will be found when recovering the emplacment position while the mines, it is necessary to the sighting is being made. drive stakes into the ground, or, 7. Once the sightings arefinished, mark in some other suitable place the mine on the stream manner the exact points where bottom. plotting points No. 1 and No. 2, Warnin,& Do not arm thefuze etc., were located duringplant- at this time. ing. A permanent physical land- Note. Have the man who brought the mark should always be used to mine from shore remain at the first em- mark the upstream end of the placement position or location. mine field plotting point No. 1. 8. Record the water depth, the type Note, For ease in interpreting plot- of mine, the type of fuze used, ting records used to locate mines to be removed, number plotting points con- the location of antipersonnel secutively, in a downstream direction. devices nearby, boobytrapping Thus, in a four-mine minefield, point employed, and the variation in one is furthest upstream and point four degrees between the base line furthest downstream. and the planting site. (c) Rope method (fig. 56). 9. To a v o i d sympathetic detona- Note. When the mines are placed in wa- tion, plot the position for and ter, it is essential that they be correctly plant remaining mines in ac- emplaced and positioned to preclude any movement which would invalidate the re- description of any boobytrap- cordings made at the time of emplacement, ping employed. and to eliminate the possibility of sympathetic fuze initiation. Warning: Do not arm the fuze at. .this time. 1. Survey the stream or river to Note. Have the person who plant& determine the general charac- the mine remain with it until it is armed. teristics of its current veloc- 8. Select the second emplantation ities, depth, ,and bottom charac- point so that its position relative teristics (paragraph 34j (3)). to the first such point is in 2. Select two trees on the side of ac c or d with the instructions the stream, about 5 feet from contained in paragraph 34j(l), its edge, and from 20 to 75 and illustrated by figure 53. feet apart. If trees are not avail- Move the six-foot rod with rope able, drive sticks or limbs into attached, to the newposition and the ground. retie the ropes so that the rope 3. Tie one end of one of the two between the two trees (or lOO-foot lengths of rope (par. stakes) is perpendicular to the 34j(2)), to one of the two trees, one affixed to the six-foot rod. at a point 2 to 3 feet above 9. Arm the firsf mine by remov- ground level and, pulling the ing the setting knob safety clip rope taut, tie the other end to and, using the arming wrench the second, at a point 2 to 3 M22, turning the knob to the “A” feet above ground level. position. 4. Select an emplantation point for Caution: Always arm a mine the first mine which, as nearly from the downstream side. as conditions permit, is in line 10. Repeat steps 1 through 9 above with the upstream tree or stake. for each mine until the down- Drive the six-foot rod (par. stream limit of the minefield- 34j(2)), into the stream bed at is reached. this point. (d) Grid method. 5. Tie one end of the remaining (fig. 57). lOO-foot rope to the six-foot Note. The grid method of locating and rod at a point approximately 2 recording amphibious mine emplacement is feet above the surface of the recommended for use where both banks of water. Tie the other end of this a stream are accessible to friendly troops. rope to the one stretched be- 2. Determine and record the char- tween the two trees (or stakes), acteristics of the stream and SO that the two ropes are per- adjacent territory as directed pendicular to each other. in paragraph 34j (3). 6. Record on the minefield plan the 2. Tie one end of a rope to an distance from the point of inter- object such as a tree, post or section of the two ropes to the driven stake located at the high- upstream tree, and f r om the water line on one side of the same intersection to the six- stream, and, pulling the rope foot rod. taut, tie the other end to asim- 7, Place a mine with attachedout- ilar object at the high-water line rigger (par. 34j(4) and fig. 55), on the opposite bank. Recordon at the point where the six-foot the minefield plan the length of rod is driven into the stream that portion of the rope which bed. Record the stream depth is between the two high-water at this point, type of mine and lines. fuse used, location of anynear- Note. Should the distance between by antipersonnel devices, and a these two points be greater than 80

80 81 feet, use both 100-foot lengths of rope, 8. Repeat steps 1 through 8 until and s h o u 1 d it become necessary to width of s t r e am has been affix the rope to trees or other objects wh i c h are on the inland-side of the covered. high-water 1 in e, designate the high- 9. Move the rope to the next do - water line by tying a marker to the rope *&ream position and re, above that point. steps 1 through 9, then repeat 3. Select the spot where the first steps 1 through 10 until down- mine is to be planted and mark stream end of the minefield has it by driving the six-foot rod been reached. into the stream bed at that point. Note. Retain rope, with markers attached, Carry the mine-and-outrigger as an aid in removal of minefield, should assembly, holding it by placing this become desirable. one hand on either side (never (6) Removal ofamphibious minefields. by its handle) and in a horizontal Warning: Removal of water-em- position, to the emplantation planted mines by methods other point and carefully place it on than explosive breaching (TM 9- the stream bed. 1375-200), is extremely hazardous Warnings Do not arm the mine and is not recommended. If the at this time. situation demands such removal, Mark the spot where the mine 4. proceed with utmost caution. is planted by tying a rag or other Minefields planted in accordance object to the overhead rope at with (1) through (5) above can, if that point. Record on the mine- the minefield plan is available, be field plan such data as: nature and purpose of the marker, dis- removed by reversal of theproce- dure by which it was laid. For tance of the marker from the minefields established by the grid nearest tree (or other object) method it is necessary to use the to which the rope is tied, and same rope (with m a r ke;r s at- other information which might tached), as was used to plant aid in relocating the mine. field; for those planted by ei, Note. Have the person who brought it the rope or the triangulation from the shore r e main with the first mine u n t i 1 the second is planted and method, duplications of the original marked. equipment may be used to remove 5. Record on the minefield plan the mines. To remove mines lain the water depth at point of em- in accordance with the rope or grid plantation, type of mine and fuze method, consult the minefield plan used, location of any n e arb y and set up ropes in same location antipersonnel mines, and infor- and manner as when field was mation on any boobytrapping planted. For those laid by the tri- used. angulation method, set up and level 6. To av o id sympathetic detona- the plane tables and lensatic com- tion, locate second and all sub- passes in the exact spots they oc- sequently planted mines in ac- cupied during emplantation, and cordance with paragraph 34j(l) proceed as follows: and figure 53. (a) Place the compass inside the 7. Mark the location of the second circle inscribed on the tabletop, mine by tying an identifying open its cover, and orient it by object to the rope, record rel- turning it until the arrow points evant data, and then arm the north. first mine. (b) Sight-in on the water at the angle Caution: Always arm fuzes of indicated on the minefield plan water-emplanted mines from for the last-planted mine. The the downstream side. two sightings (one from each 82 Figure 57. Grid method of minefield emplacement.

compass), cross at the point remove the last-planted mine where the mine was planted. first, and then work upstream (C) Have the two-man recovery team until the upper limit of the field proceed slowly and carefully to has been reached. Always ap- a point two yards below (down- proach and work from the downstream) the point where the two stream side of the mine. sightings cross and carefully feel Warning 2: Where the current for the mine. (For probing in- speed is in excess of three miles structions, see FM 20-32.) per hour, recovery should be attempted only if absolutely nec- (o’) Remove foreign material from essary. its top and, using armingwrench Warning 3: Mines may have M22, disarm the mine byturning drifted slightly in a downstream the fuze-setting knob to the IBfV direction, and/or contain anti- position. personnel devices (booby traps (e) Take the mine ashore and repeat or adjacent antipersonnel mines), the above procedure until the installed at the time of planting field has been cleared. (these will show on the minefield Warning 1: In recovering plan), or have been added later. mines from water, enter the Warning 4: Where evidence is stream at a point two to three found which indicates that the feet downstream from the point fuze is deformed or that the mine indicated by the minefield plan is otherwise damaged, vacate the as the lower limit of the field, area and notify EOD personnel.

83 35. Activator, Antitank Mine: Ml not fit the secondary fuze well of and M2 (T3El) antitank practice mine Ml2 (par. 38), and that practice activate-“‘” a. General. These activators are es- -(par. 40) will not fit the ani sentially detonator-boosters. They maybe mine M15. used with any one of several kinds of (2) Activator M2. This activator (fig. firing devices (usually the pull-type or 60) is similar to activator Ml ((1) pull-release-type), to supply an antitank above), e xc e p t that its overall mine with a secondary fuze for antilift or length is 1.9-inches and it is made boobytrapping purposes. Activator Ml is from olive drab plastic. used with antitank mine Ml5 (par. 31), and c. Precautions Against Activator Mis- activator M2 is used with nonmetallic fires. Activator misfires resulting from antitank mine Ml9 (par. 34). The activator failure of the detonator or the booster to performs the function of an adapter for fire may be due to cap-sealing compound the firing device to the mine. One end in the flash hole of the firing device. The of the activator is threaded externally detonator may fail to ignite if an appreci- for insertion in the secondary fuze well able amount of the wax-like compound is of the mine, the other end is threaded deposited on top of detonator. Therefore, internally to receive the primed base for proper functioning of activator Ml, coupling of the firing device. when used with a firing device, the follow- b. Description. ing precautions must be observed: (1) Activator Ml. This activator (fig. 58) is 2.1-inches long, is made of (1) After removing the plugandgasket a black (newer type, olive drab) from the activator, examine the plastic materrial and has a threaded cavity in body of the activator to closing plug and gasket. It contains be sure that it is free of foreign a detonator and has a cylindrical, matter. unthreaded cup which is cemented to the opposite end of the body, and c on t ains a tetryl booster charge. The thread, which screws into the mine, is 3/4-inchindiam- eter. Note that activator Ml will ~2 19---@j

~~- 2.1 O&525-THREAD FOR TETRYL CUP---I STANDARD FIRING DEVICES~~

~~0.75~IN THREAD FOR SECONDARY FUZE WELL GA;\KET FOR~~

~~- :\ ‘”~~

~~TETRYL BOOSTER 1.. _ :. L ._ ‘.C. I RAP0 131066 DETONATOR / PLASTIC BODY RAPD 116939A Figure 59. Metal ammunition container Figure 58. Activator, antitank mine, Ml. for activator Ml.~~

84 0.5625-THREAD FOR (2) The activator should be screwed BOOBY TRAPPING FIRING DEVICES hand-tight into the secondary fuze - well. (3) After -Pemoving the protective CL from the nipple on the base coupling of the firing device, examine the tip, and, especially the flash hole in the tip, to be sure they are free of cap-sealing compound or other foreign matter. k3R / t GASKET ACTIVATOR (4) The firing device should be SECONDARY FUZE WELL screwed hand-tight into the activator, Arm the firing device in accordance with method prescribed for its particular type (see paragraph 42 and TM g-1375-200).

~~Figure 60. Activator, antitank mine, MB.~~

~~Section II. PRACTICE ANTITANK MINES AND FUZES~~

36. General properly color-coded and marke a The all practice antitank mines and and that service, practice, a fuzes are of the same size, shape, weight, inert mines are kept segregatea and casing material as the service mines from each other. and fuzes they simulate. These practice (2) Although inert mines do not of mines contain no high explosive, but they themselves require special safety do contain small smoke-puff and noise- precaution, safety r e g u 1 at i 0 n s making charges of low explosive (black governing the use of service mines powder or pyrotechnic composition), to should nonetheless be o b s e r v e d simulate the explosion of a service mine. when using inert mines to estab- These practice mines are used for training lish and maintain habits necessary in identification, care, handling, and use to the safe handling of explosives. of antitank service mines. b. The inert antitank mines and fuzes Note. Tanks unaccompanied by ground troops need observe no special safetypre- have metal or plastic parts, identical to cautions when negotiating minefields con- those of service mines and fuzes. The taining only prac tic e or inert antitank inert mines are filled with nonexplosive mines. material such as sand, or they may be (3) All regulations found in this man- left empty. The inert mines and fuzes ual, or in AR 385-65, which apply contain no explosive of any kind and are to service or practice mines, Will used only in practice and training in han- be observed when using practice dling mines. antitank mines. c. Safety precautions governing the use d. Data relating to various antitank of practice and inert mines include: mines appear in table IV and paragraphs (1) Make sure that all m i n e s are 37 through 40.

83 Table ZV. Practice Antitank Mines, Fuzes, and Components Practice Antitank Mines I .Weight 88 Shipping case dimensions Nomenclature Packing description shipped I l- I (lb.) Lenath Width x&l. MINE, ANTITANK: heavy M6 13-3/4 4-l/8 empty w/inert fuze M600 and inert activator Ml. MINE, ANTITANK: light M7 18-3/4 10-l/2 7-l/4 empty (w/o fuze). MINE, ANTITANK: light M7 Packed lZ/mtl bx------65.0 18-3/4 10-l/2 7-l/4 empty (w/o fuze). I MINE, ANTITANK: light M7Al Packed 8 mine (w/8 fuze packed l/ 50.0 19-l/8 11 8-l/8 empty and fuze, mine, AT, can M182, 4 can/&n, 2 ctn) (8 chemical, M600 or M601 fuze)/mtl bx M156. inert, MINE, ANTITANK: light M7A2 Packed lO/mtl bx M156------19-l/8 11 8-l/8 empty and fuze mine, AT Packed 12 mine (w/l2 fuze in indiv 23-3/8 ll-3/4 9-l/2 M603 inert. mtl cntr/wdn bx. MINE, ANTITANK: heavy M6 pa&d 2/w& km- _____-______57.0 17-5/8 16-3/4 8-3/4 inert (w/o fuze and activator). MINE, ANTITANK: light M7 Packed 8 mine (w/8 fuze packed l/ 50.0 19-l/8 11 8-l/8 inert w/fuze, mine, AT, can Ml82, 4 can/&n, 2 ctn) (8 chemical, M600 or M601 in- fuze)/mtl bx M156. ert. . MINE, ANTITANK: light M7A2 Packed lO/mtl bx Ml56------58.0 19-l/8 11 8-l/8 inert loaded, w/fuze, mine, AT M603 inert. MINE, ANTITANK: NM. M19, Packed 2 mine (w/2 fuze M606, 1 75.0 16-l/4 10-5/a 16 - inert loaded (w/fuze, M606, wrench M22 and 2 detonator assy/ inert). crdbd cntr, over-packed in barrier material bag and 2 activator in indiv mtl cntr)/wdn bx. MINE, ANTITANK, PRACTICE. Packed l/mtl cr M153Al ------18.5 14 13-3/4 4-l/8 heavy Ml2 or MlZAl (w/o pack& w/tin bx _--- -__--_-_ --__ 38.8 17-l/2 16 g-3/4 fuze) . MINE, ANTITANK, PRACTICE: Packed 3 mine w/arming wrench;/ 50.4 16-3/4 14-7/8 17-l/2 heavy M20 (T38). wdn bx. MINE, ANTITANK, PRACTICE: Packed lZ/mtl bx M156------70.3 19-l/8 11 8-l/8 light Ml0 (w/o fuze). pa&d 12/dn bx _--_ ------_ 76.0 18-5/B 14-7/8 9-l/2 Practice Antitank Mine Fuzee FUZE, MINE: AT, practice Packedfuze)/wdn l/mtl bx.cntr, 180 cntr (180 1 77.4 j 16-l/2 114-7/8 j 12-7/8 M604. Practice Antitank Mine Components

ACTIVATOR, ANTITANK Packed l/mtl cntr, 100 cntr (100 38.5 25-3/4 7-l/8 13-l/2 MINE: practice Ml. activator)/wdn bx. Packed l/mtl cntr, 180 cntr (180 54.5 16-3/8 16-3/4 14-3/4 a.ctivator)/wdn bx. I COVER, ANTITANK MINE: Packed 50/b&l, 40 bndl (2,000 92.0 35 ! 27 10 for mine, HE, M7A2 and cover)/wrbnd bale. mine, practice Ml0 and M- lOAl. -L

86 37. Heavy Practice Antitank Mines (boobytrapping) fuzes are used, the detonator and smoke charges in a. General. Although there are onlytwo practice activator Ml, and the- standard heavy service antitank mines primer. in the firing device whit’ listed in table III, there are several types is fitted to the practice activator, of heavy practice antitank mines listed in this mine is inert. The mine is table IV. Some of these are inert or empty shipped empty and is to be loaded practice models of a service mine which with sand (11-l/8-pounds (ap- is now obsolete, however, they may be prox.)) in the field. When so loaded, used in some phases of trainingpersonnel its weight will be approximately in the care, handling and use of heavy that of the now obsolete M6 series service antitankmines. The heavypractice high-explosive mine which it simu- antitank mines available are described in lates (see b above). The mine is so b through d below. laid that the weight of an inter- b. Mine, Antitank, Heavy, M6 EmpQ or mediate or heavy tank passing over Inerf. This mine (fig. 55), is available it causes the main fuzetofunction. either empty or inert-loaded and with or without the inert fuze M603, and activator (2) Description of mine. Model number - M12. Ml, practice or inert (par. 40). This mine Weight, sand-loaded - 20 pounds. is made from metal parts identical to those Weight of smoke charge -none. of obsolete service mine M6. The mine M6 Dimensions -height, 3-l/2 inches; is similar in appearance, use and function- diameter, 13-l/4 inches. ing to mine Ml5 (par. 31). The principal Material - steel. difference is that the M6 is only 3-3/8 Fuze well-main fuze well is in inches high (thick) where as the Ml5 is center of mine underneath arm- 4-7/8 inches high. The inert fuze M603 % Plug* is made from metal parts identical to those Arming mechanism - arming plug of service fuze M603 (par. 32). The mine M4 is in place over main fuze is used for training in laying and arming, well, as shipped. This plug (fig boobytrapping (using a firing device with- 38), has a. steel shutter whia out primer), and disarming and removing moves from a side position to a (neutralizing). In such training, exactly the center position as the setting same procedure and observance of safety knob is moved from “SAFE I1 precautions will be followed as in per- through “DANGER” to “ARMED” forming those operations with their serv- position. ice counterparts, which contain high (3) Functioning. explosive. For instruction in those opera- (a) A minimum force of 565 & 174 tions, refer to paragraph 34. Inert mines pounds depresses the pressure are painted black with marking in white. plate and the belleville spring of Note. If this mine is requisitioned packedwithout the fuze. fuze and without activator, an inert fuze M603 an d (b) Depression of the mine pressure an inert activator Ml must also be requisitioned. plate andbelleville spring causes c. Mine, Antitank, Practice, Heavy Ml2 depression of the arming plug or MUAl and Fuze, Mine, AT, Practice, shutter (armed position). De- M604. pression of the shutter in turn (1) General. This practice mine (figs. depresses the pressure plate 62 and 63) is used for training and belleville spring of the fuze. personnel in the precautions and (c) Belleville spring of the fuze proper method to be observed in snaps into reverse, driving the the care, handling, and laying of firing pin into the charge of the high-explosive heavy service anti- fuze. tank mine Ml5 (par. 31). Except (d) The igniter charge of the fuze for the smoke charge contained in ignites the smoke composition the main fuze, and, when secondary of the fuze. a, ARM’NP PLUG SECONDARY FUZE :E 1-‘2-“2ARMING PLUG IN ‘“7(SAFE POSITION) /- FILLING PLUG (PRESSED IN) “id I

~~‘FUZE, MINE, ANTITANK, M604 (T1210) PRACTICE RAPD 1168968 Figure 62. Mine, antitank, practice, heavy, Ml2 ,with practice fuze M604. and practice activator Ml.~~

FUZE, MINE, AT, SIDE SECChDARY FUZE M603, INERT WELL \ Inspect the fuze well and arming CARRYING HANDLE. m TOP VIEW CARRYING POSITION plug threads to see that no foreign matter is present. BOTTOM SECOI;IDARY FUZE WELL Warning: It is particularly im- portant during freezing weather to see that there is no ice in the fuze well as the presence of ice during fuzing may cause a- serious accident, (4 Remove fuze M604 from its meta shipping container and inspect it for serviceability. ((3Just before inserting the fuze into the mine, use the hook end of the arming wrench to remove the safety fork from the cover (STACKING POSITION) assembly of the fuze. Save and / conceal the safety fork (clip) for SIDE SECONDARY FUZE WELL use in disarming the fuze. BOTTOM VIEW RAPD 116893 B Caution: Make sure fuze well is olear of foreign material. Figure 61. Mine, antitank, heavy, 446, empty. (4 Insert the fuze gently into the primary fuze well of the mine until it seats firmly (fig. 63). (e) The smoke composition explodes, Warning: No pressure mu&be emitting a cloud of smoke and put on the pressure plate of the creating a noise. fuze when inserting it into the (4) Laying and &t-m&g. fuze well. Caution: Always insert the pri- Note. To assure proper clearance be- 1. . . . mary (main) fuze before installing tween the fuze pressure-plate DLILLO~ ana secondary (boobytrapping) fuzes. the shutter of the arming plug, it is essential that the fuze be fully seated on the (a) Using the arming plug wrench internal shoulder of the mine fuze well. M20 (fig. 39), unscrew the arming plug from the mine. (4 Making sure that the setting knob

~~88 13.16 IN. MAX~~

~~‘SAND FILLER (LOADED IN FIELD) ORD D763 Figure 63. Mine, antitank, heavy, practice, MIS, and fuse, mine antitank, practice, M604-cross sectional view.~~

and shutter are in the SAFE the practice mine Ml2 requires a position, screw the arming plug practice activator (par. 40), the into the mine wrench tight to correct primed firing device (par. assure a watertight joint. 42), and one or more trip wires. (g,J Lay the mine on a firm founda- (a) Remove the tape and the shipping tion with the top surface of the sleeve from the secondary fuze pressure plate not more than well (side well, bottom well, or three inches beneath the ground both). level. (b) Inspect the secondary fuze well (h) Just before the mine is covered, carefully to make certain it i arm the mine by turning the set- free of foreign matter. ting knob red pointer fromSAFE (c,J Remove the plug and its gasket through DANGER to ARMED. The from the head of practice activa- arming wrench may be used for tor Ml and screw the activator this purpose. The fuze will not hand-tight into the secondary function if the pointer on the fuze well of the mine. arming plug points to SAFE. @” Making sure that the small Car&o& Because of tolerances rubber gasket is in place inside permitted in the manufacture of the activator, screw the firing antitank mines, the pressure device hand-tight into activator plate of the fuze M604 may be (the firing device requires no too high, making it difficult, if not blasting cap when used with an impossible, to turn the knob on activator). Install trip wires as the arming plug to the ARMED required. position. Do not attempt to force (e) Arm the firing device byremov- the knob but unscrew the arming ing its safety pins, always re- plug just enough to allow the knob moving the positive safety pin to be turned freely. The setting last. knob should at no time be left (f) Save and conceal the safety pins pointing to DANGER. and the activator plug and its (i) Camouflage the mine in accord- gasket for use in disarming and ance with instructions in FM20- removal. 32. (6) Disarming andremoval (neutraliz- (5) Boobykappi@. Boobytrapping of ing). (a) Carefully uncover the concealed tight with pointer on setting knob mine and examine the side and pointing to SAFE. bottom secondary fuze wells for (j) Remove the trip wire and replar --- boobytrapping devices (second- tape over secondary fuze well, ary fuzes). Trip wires may have (2~) If required, remove sand from been installed which will initiate mine. a secondary ,fuze by either pull (I) Restore the mine and fuze to its or release. original p o s it i o n and packing. (b) Do not cut any taut trip WireS, The mine may be laid and re- but cut all slack trip wires. moved any number of timespro- Wafaing I: Jf taut trip wires vided neither fuzes nor mines are encountered when attempting show evidence of damage or de- to neutralize the mine, do not cut terioration. the wires und e r any oircum- (7) Functioned mine and fuze. If mine stances. The best procedure is and fuzes have functioned and the to attach a long rope or wire mine casing is undamaged, replace to the mine without disturbing the the main fuze with a new fuze, taut wire and then from a pro- replace the practice activator with tected position remove the mine a new one, and retain the firing from the ground by pulling on mechanism of the firing device. the long rope or .wire. If this The base c oup 1 ing with fired method is not praoticable, the primer may be discarded or re- matter should be referred to primed, depending on its condition. EOD personnel. The firing mechanism may be re- Warning 2: When removirigthe cocked by placing the end of a mine with a long rope or wire, stick, pencil, or nail against the use extreme caution - mine may firing pin and pushing it back until detonate. it is held in place by the release- (c) Replace all safety pins in the pin. Install safety pin. Resto: firing devices, always replacing mine, new fuze, new practice actr the positive safety pin first. vator, and firing device tooriginal Refer to TM g-1375-200 for in- condition and packing. structions pertaining to the par- d. Mine, Antitank, Practice, Heavy, M20 ticular firing device involved. (T38) and Fuze, Mine, Antitank, Practice, (d) Unscrew the firing devices from M604. the activators. (1) General. This practice mine (figs. (e) Unscrew the activator. Replace 64 and 65) is used for training in the plug and its gasket in the the proper methods and precau- head of the activator. tions to be observed in the care, (4 Turn the setting knob of the arm- hand1 ing, laying and arming, ing plug to the SAFE position. boobytrapping, and disarming of (8) Remove the arming plug by un- high-explosive heavy antitank mine screwing it in a counterclockwise M15. The mine is issued empty direction. with arming plug assembled but (h) Remove the fuze by grasping the without primary or secondary fuze. fuze pressure plate with the It is to be loaded with sand (21.2 fingers. It should come out lbs.) and fuzed in the field. The easily. Do not attempt to remove mine (fig. 58) is a flat oylindrical the fuze if it is frozen in place. steel c as ing (4.91-in. high by Insert the safety fork (clip) in 13.13-in. diameter), similar ex- the fuze. ternally to the high-explosive mine (i) After removing the fuze, screw Ml5 (par. 31) which it simulates. arming plug back into place hand- Similar to the service mine Ml5

90 the practice mine has a wire carry- (a) After insertion of the fuze into ing handle, which folds under the the fuze well of the mine, and mine when not in use, and uses before screwing the arming plug _ the arming plug M4. It differs from into place, lay the arming wrencl the mine Ml5 chiefly in having on its side on top of the pressure three filler holes in the side and plate of the mine so that the depth perforations in the top and around gage extends into the fuze well the side secondary fuze well. The towards the fuze. mine is laid so that the weight of (b) That the end of the gage touches an intermediate or heavy tank the pressure plate of the fuze passing over it causes the primary indicates improper clearance. fuze to function. The mine may be The lack of proper clearance can boobytrapped by installation of one be remedied by screwing the or two secondary fuzes, each con- arming plug into the mine slightly sisting of practice antitank mine less than its full normal distance activator Ml and any regular type so that the arming plug shutter firing device ha v i n g 9/16-inch can be moved freely to the threads. Depending upon the type ARMED position. of firing device used, the mine can (4) Painting and marking. The mine is be caused to function by pull or painted blue with marking which release of either of two trip wires includes the nomenclature, manu- attached to the firing device. Ex- facturers number and symbol, and cept for the smoke charge and month and year manufactured in primer M45 in fuze M604, and the white. smoke charge anal igniting charge in practice activator Ml, the m.ine is inert. 38. Light Practice Antitank Mines (2) Use. The 1 aying and arming, a. General. There are no standard serv- boobytrapping, functioning, dis- ice counterparts to the light practice arming and removal (neutralizing), antitank mines. Formerly there was an and the recovery and refuzing for M7 series of light service antitankmines. re-use of practice mine M20 and Although these mines are now obsolete, practice fuze M604 are similar empty and inert models of the M7 series to those for practice mine Ml2 and a practice mine Ml0 which simulates and practice fuze M604 (which the M7 series are available for use in supersedes practice fuze M602). training in the care, handling, and use of (3) Wrench, arming plug, mine, M20. antitank mines. Because of tolerances permitted in b. Mine, An tit a nk, Light M7 Series, the manufacture, the p r e s s u r e Empty or Inert with Fuze, Mine, Antitank, plate of the fuze M604 may inter- M603, Inert. fere with the movement of the arm- (1) General. The mine is constructed ing plug shutter which is on the of metal parts identical to those bottom of the arming plug. The of the M7 series service mines shutter moves from an outside to a and employs an inert fuze. The center position as the arminglmob mine is used for training in laying is turned from the SAFE to the and arming, boobytrapping (using ARMED position. Topredetermine a firing device without primer and whether there will be proper clear- without blasting cap) and disarming ance, an arming wrench M20 of and removal (neutralizing). recent manufacture is provided (2) Description (fig. 66). with a depth gage consisting of a (a) Mine. lip projecting from its side. Use Model number-M7 series, the depth gage as follows: empty or inert.

~~91 /I’ ,__ : -~~

~~SECONI IARY SLEEVE INSE ERED BY -~~

FILLER HOLE WITH&T CAP CAP MARKING ON BOTTOM--MI NE, TAPED IN BOTTOM SECONDARY FUZE B PRACTICE, HEAVY, M20 LOT WELL TWO OTHER FILLER HOLES NUMBER MONTH AND YEAR LOADED ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF MINE. ORD D58c - ‘1

~~Figure 64. Mine, antitank, practice, heavy, MdO.~~

Weight, unfuzed - 4-7/8 pounds (b) Fuze (primam) (fig. 66). (inert models). Model number - M603, inert. Weight of inert filler - 3-5/8 Tme -mechanical,belleville pounds. spring. Dimensions - height, 2-l/2 Weight - 1.56 ounces. inches; length, 7 inches; width, Dimensions - height, 1.17 4-l/2 inches. inches; diameter, 1.125 inches. Material - steel. Material - steel. Fuze well - main (primary) fuze Safeties -safety clip (fork). located in center of top of mine. (c) Fuze (s e c on da ry) (boobytrap- Fuze arming mechanism - slid- Pi@)- ing pressure plate. Inert firing device type and model Secondary fuze well (fitted with number - any regular type carrying plug and cord as having 9/16-inch thread. shipped). Activator model number - no ac- Number and location- one well tivator used. located in one end of mine. (3) Functioningj. Type of boobytrapping (second- (a) A minimum force of 140 to 240 ary) fuze for which threaded pounds on the pressure plate Of - inert firing device with inert the armed mine depressespres- blasting cap. sure plate of fuze. 92 . ORD D585 Figure 65. Mine, antitank, practice, heavy, MB0 (7’38) and fuze, mine, MGOQ-cross sectional view.

(b) The belleville spring of the fuze until it seats. To assure proper snaps into reverse and drives clearance between the fuze pres- the firing pin into the detonator. sure plate button and the steel (c) Since both mine and fuze are pad on underside of pressure inert-loaded, there is no further plate of the mine, the fuze must action. be fully seated on internal (4) Laying and arming. shoulder in fuze well (fig. 66). (a) Slide the pressure plate of the Caution: Always insert the mine aside to expose the fuze main fuze before installing sec- well. ondary fuzes. No pressure must (b) Inspect fuze well to see that no be. put on the pressure plate of foreign matter is present. fuze when inserting it into fuze (c) Remove inert fuze M603 fromits well. container and inspect to see that (4 Slide the mine pressure plate it is serviceable and that the end into position over fuze. Center of the detonator shows in the the pressure plate so that the bottom of the fuze. rivets in the sides of mine are (d) Just before inserting the fuze into in the vertical slots of pressure the mine, remove the safetyfork plate. The fuze is now armed. (clip) from the cover assembly (g) Lay the mine on a firm founda- of the fuze. The fingers or the tion in a place not likely to be hook end of the arming wrench flooded. The pressure plate side may be used for this purpose. may be up or down. Whichever (e) Insert the fuze gently into main side is up should be flush with, (primary) fuze well of the mine or not more than one inch below,

93 FIJZE, MINE, AT MOVABLE PRESSURE PLATE initiate a secondary fuze by either pull or release. CaUtiozz: Great care must be.. taken with regard to antilift boobytrapping devices (secol. ary fuzes). (b) Do not cut taut wires but cut all slack trip wires. W&-IA& If taut trip wires are encountered when attempting to SECONDARY WZE WELL FOR neutralize the mine, do not cut CARRYING PLUG OR BOOBY. TRAPPING FIRING DEVICE the wires under any circum- ORD 0,837 stances. The best procedure ie to attach a long rope or wire to Figure 66. Mine, &ntitank, light, M7A??, inert and fuze, mine, antitank, M603 inert. the mine without disturbing the taut trip wire and then remove the mine from the ground by ground level, with the longer axis pulling on the long rope or wire of the mine parallel to the prob- from a protected position, able approach of the enemy. making sure that such protected (h) Camouflage in accordance with position is not mined. If this instructions in FM 20-32. method is not practicable, neu- (5) Boobytrapping. tralize the secondary fuze ac- (a) Unscrew the carrying plug with cording to procedure prescribed the ring handle from thesecond- in FM 20-32. ary (boobytrapping) fuze well and Warning: When removing the inspect the secondary fuze well mine with a long rope or wire, to make certain it is free of use extreme caution-mine may foreign material. detonate. - fb) Crimp an inert blasting cap to a (c) If the secondary fuze has onI base coupling. slack trip wire attached to it, CL (c) Screw the base c oup 1 in g with it and replace safety pins in the crimped-on blasting cap to the firing device, replacing the posi- firing device. Insert the blasting tive safety pin first. cap hand-tight into the secondary (d) Unscrew secondary fuze well by fuze well. grasping the knurled edge of the Note. Use fuzing wrench M 2 5 if the base coupling, or if the edge of edge of the base coupling is hexagonal. the base coupling is hexagonal, (o’) Install trip wire(s) as required by using fuzing wrench M25. and arm the firing device by re- (e) Unscrew the base-coupling-with- moving safety pins, always re- blasting-cap attached f r om the moving the positive safety pin firing device. Restore the base last. coupling and the firing device to Note. Save and conceal all safety pins its packing. for future use in disarming and removal. (4 Slide pressure plate away from (6) Disarmir@ andremod (neutraliz- its position over the fuze and WI. remove the fuze. (a) Carefully uncover the camou- (g) Insert the safety fork (clip) into flaged mine and examine it for the primary fuze. any boobytrapping device (sec- (h) Restore the mine and the fuze ondary fuze). Trip wires may each to its original packing con- have been installed which will tainer.

94 c. Mine, Antitank, Practice, Light Ml0 CARRYING PLUG ASSEMBLY(fi and Fuze, Mine, Antitank, Practice, M604. (1) GeneraZ. This practice mine (fig. 67) is used for training personnel in the precautions and methods to be observed in the care, handling, and laying of high-‘explosive service antitank mines. Except ,for the smoke charge contained in the firing device (when used as secondary fuze), this practice mine is inert. The mine is shipped empty and is to be loaded with sand in the field. When so loaded, its weight will be approximately that of the obsolete M7 series high-explosive antitank mine which it simulates. -6.97-1 ORD D765 The mine is so laid that the weight of a truck or light tank passing Figure 67. Mine, antitank, light, practice, Ml0 and over it will cause the main fuze fuse mine, antitank, practice, M604. to fun&ion. (2) Description. (a) Mine. aand in the field and the filling Model number - MlO, simulates 1hole is then closed with the clos- the M7 series mines (II above). ing cap. Type -practice. (b) Fuze (primaxy). Weight, unfuzed - 4-7/16 pounds. Model number - M604. Dimensions -height, 2-l/2 inches; Type -practice. length, 7 inches; width, 5 inches. Weight-2-l/2 ounces. Material - steel. Weight of smoke charge - 17 Fuze well-main (primary)fuze gr&ns. well located in top center of Dimensions - height, l-3/4 mine. inches; diameter, l-1/8 inches. Fuze arming mechanism - sliding Material - steel. pressure plate. Safeties - safety clip (fork). S e c on d a r y (boobytrapping) fuze Painting - none. well: Marking - nomenclature, Number and location - one, lo- stamped in metal. cated in end of mine. Fuze (s e c on da ry) (boobytrap- Type of secondary (boobytrap- PI ping) fuze for whichthreaded Firing device type and model -any regular firing device numb& - any regular type firmg ((c) below). device having 9/16-m& thread, Painting-blue. US ually pull-type Ml or pull- Marking - nomenclature, loader’s friction type M2. lot number and symbol, month Note: No igniter charge or blasting and year loaded - in white. CaP should be used on the firingdevice. Carrying plug - mine is fitted with (3) Functioning. carrying plug and cord, as (a) A minimum force of 140 to 240 shipped. pounds on striker plate of the Closing cap - as shipped, the clos- armed mine depresses thepres- ing cap is separate from the sure plate of the fuze, causing mine. The mine is loaded with the belleville spring of the fuze

95 to snap into reverse, driving the which use this fuze have nobooster. firing pin into the igniter of the The space occupied in the fuze well ’ fuze, causing it to function. by the fuze M604 equals the spar-- - (b) The igniter of the fuze ignites occupied by the fuze M603 and 1 the smoke charge of the fuze. booster Ml20 together in the fuz, (c) Functioning of s m o ke charge well of service mines. causes a cloud of smoke to rise from mine, accompanied by a 39. Mine, Antitank, NM, M19, Inert with noise. Fuze, M606 Inert (4) Laying and arming. This operation is the same as that of the mine This mine and fuze are completely inert M7A2 with the fuze M603 (b above) e (contain no explosive). It is used for train- After mine has functioned, it may ing in handling the heavy-type nonmetallic be taken up and, if in good condi- antitank mine M19. The mine is con- tion, refitted with a new fuze M604 structed of parts identical to those used and a new or reprimed firing de- in the Ml9 service mines, and employs vice, and reused. an inert fuze. The mine is used for train- (5) Boobytrapping. This operation is ing in laying and arming, boobytrapping the same as that of the M7 series (using a firing device without primer), mines (b above) except that no disarming and removing (neutralizing). In blasting cap or igniter is used on training, follow exactly the same proce- the firing device. dure and observance of safetypkecautions (6) Disarming andremoval (neutraliz- as if high-explosives containing service ing). This operation is the same mines were being used (par. 34). as that of the M7 series mines with the fuze M603 (b above) ex- 40. Activator, Antitank Mine, Practice Ml cept that if the firing mechanism of the firing device has functioned, a, General. This activator (fig. 68) is- it may be recocked by placing the used to adapt the heavy antitank pract! end of a stick, pencil or nail against mine Ml2 to the use of a practice boob, the firing pin and pushing it back trapping firing device. It contains an ig- until it is held in place by the niter, and a smoke charge for spotting release pin. purposes. d. Fuze, Mine, Antitank, Practice, M6O4. (1) General. This fuze (fig. 67) is used with the 1 i g h t practice antitank mine Ml0 (c above). (2) Description. The fuze consists of I ‘.99----l an aluminum b od y containing a belleville spring, and fitted with a firing pin, an igniter charge, and a smoke composite charge weighing 17 grains. (3) Functioning. A minimum force of 140 to 240 pounds on the pressure plate of this fuze depresses the belleville spring in the fuze, caus- 0.6875.THREA ing it to snap into reverse and 0.5625.THREAD drive the firing pin into the igniter, FOR STANDARD which then ignites the smoke com- FIRING DEVICES ORD D766 position charge. A cloud of smoke issues from the top of the mine, Figure 68. Activator, antitank mine, practice, Ml. accompanied by a noise. Mines

96 - b. Description. The other end is externally (1) The practice activator is made of threaded (0.6875-inch thread black (newer type, blue) plastic diameter) to fit the secondary fuze parts and contains an i g n it i n g well for practice activator in the charge of photographic flash mine. powder and a smoke charge of white Note. The practice activator Ml has an smoke composition. The booster external thread that will not fit any mine cup, which contains the smoke except the practice mine M12. charge, is blue. The body has eight (2) The activator operates when the equally spaced longitudinal ribs action of a firing device initiates and is internally threaded to re- the igniter charge which, in turn, ceive a firing de v i c e (9/16-inch ignites the smoke charge, thus thread diameter); this end is closed releasing a puff of white smoke during shipment by a threaded plug. with accompanying noise.

~~97 CHAPTER 4 INCENDIARY BURSTER AND CHEMICAL MINES~~

~~Section I. INCENDIARY BURSTER~~

41. General (b) Plug. This plug is a tight-fitting a. Uses. The incendiary burster M4 is steel closure for the detonator used, primarily, with field-improvised in- end of the burster tube. A cendiary munitions. When immersed in a threaded hole through the end of container (5-gallon can, used shell case, the plug is built to accomodate ammunition container, 55-gallon drum) the fuze, blasting cap, or deton- filled with thickened fuel, the M4 will burst ating cord used to detonate the the container and scatter flaming fuel over filling. Two steel pins near the a large area. The number of bursters re- end of the plug make possible a quired is determined by the size of the bayonet-type connection between container and the amount of fuel it con- tube and plug. A discardable tains. This type of munition can be used plastic shipping plug is inserted to boobytrap flame-type mines. in the detonator hole of the plug b. Description. during shipment and storage of (1) hcendiary burster M4. This in- the burster, to protect the con- cendiary burster contains the fol- tents from moisture and dirt. The lowing major components: steel shipping plug is removable when burster tube, shipping plug, plug the burster is used. and cap, outer and inner plastic (c) Cap. A tight-fitting steel cap is tube, pyrotechnic-ignition mixture, the closure for the other end of tetryl pellets, and burster cap. Two the bur s te r tube. Preformed or more bursters may be joined by packing is seated in a channel removing the plug from one inside t,he cap, beneath the cap burster and the cap from another shoulder, to provide a tight seal and joining the two open ends by between tube and cap. means of the bayonet-type fitting. (d) Filler. The explosive-incendiary (a) Burster tube. This tube is a fi ing is contained in two con- steel cylinder approximately 12- c dl tric cellulose nitrate plastic inches long with a wall thickness tubes, each 10-l/2 inches long. of 1/16-&h. Its outside diameter The inside diameter of the inner is 1-3/4-inches. The tube is tube is 3/4-inch; it is filled with closed at one end by a plug and tetryl pellets having a slightly at the other end by a cap. Apre- smaller diameter, so that in ef- formed packing (O-ring) is seated fect the inner tube contains a in a channel beneath a shoulder solid column of tetryl. Theouter near the plug end of the tube. plastic tube has an inside di- When the plug is inserted, the ameter of about l-3/16 inches. preformed packing forms a tight The inner tube is held incorrect seal with the surface of the plug. relative position in the middle of The plug end of the tube is slotted the outer tube by a plastic burster to form a bayonet-type connec- cup seated inside one end of the tion with the plug. Two steel pins inner tube. The lip of this cup is are provided near the cap end of cemented on its lower side to the the tube for a bayonet-type con- ends of both tubes. A plastic end nection with the cap. cap is cemented to the outer ends 98 of both tubes to hold the tubes in extending well into the burster cup. their correct relative positions. Any of the following firing devices The space between inner and (TM 9-1375-200) may also beused ,- outer tubes is filled with apyro- in boobytrapping the burster M4. k?chnic ignition mixture. The (a) Pressure firing device, MlAl. burster is preassembled with (b) Pressure-release firing device, explosive-incendiary tubes ce- M5. mented in place inside the steel (c) Pull-friction firing device, M2. burster. (d) Pull-release firing device, M3. (2) Accessories. The burster M4 can The threaded base coupling of any be fired either electrically or of these devices can be screwed mechanically, by fuze, blasting into the hole in the plug of the cap, detonating cord, or any stand- burster tube. ard boobytrap firing device. The c. Fuzes and other Components. The M206A2 detonating fuze may be functioning of bursters can be initiated by used tc fire the burster provided a fuze, blasting cap, detonating cord, or the mating between the fuze and any standard boobytrap device. burster is improvised. E i the r d. Data. Tabulated data on the bursters electric or nonelectric blasting may be found in table V. caps can be used. Detonating cord e. Functioni@. may be used by passing it through (1) Initiation of fuze, blasting cap, the hole in the burster plug and detonating cord, or any standard

~~. CAP \~~

~~BURSTER TUBE~~

~~IGNITION MIXTURE~~

~~RUBBER O-RING INNER PLASTIC TUBE~~

~~TETRYL PELLETS~~

~~OUTER PLASTIC TUBE~~

~~BURSTER CUP~~

~~‘SHIPPING PLUG ORD 0777~~

~~Figure 69. Burster, incendiary, M4.~~

99 boobytrap device will ignite the to the ground. Under calm conditions, the explosive material in the burster coverage to be expected from the disper- cup. sion of a 5-gallon can of fuel inan upright (2) Detonation of the burster cup ma- position is an area approximately 20 to 3’-‘ terial ignites the tetryl pellets. yards wide. Detonation of two bursters : (3) The ignition of the tetryl pellets a 55-gallon drum of fuel will cover an area ignites the pyrotechnic-ignition approximately 104 to 120 yards wide. mixture. Note. Fuel composition in an upright position is (4) Ignition of the pyrotechnic-ignition also a factor in the ground coverage pattern. mixture bursts the metal burster g. Boobytrapping. The burster M4 may tube. be boobytrapped to prevent disturbance or f. Effectiveness. The size and shape of removal by using any of the firing devices the ground dispersion pattern depends listed in (2) above. See TM Q-1375-200 and largely on wind speed and direction close FM 5-31 for boobytrapping instructions.

~~Section II. CHEMICAL MINES~~

42. Genera I land mines are given in table V. Additional a. Uses. Chemical mines may be used data may be found in paragraphs 43 through to disperse chemical agents from fixed 44. locations to provide area contamination in barrier and nuisance mine-fields. The 43. Mine, Land, Chemical, l-Gallon chemical agent employed may be in liquid a. General. The chemical mine can be or vapor form. The chemical mine, an used to disperse distilled mustard (HD) antipersonnel mine, may be used in anti- or Levenstein mustard (H). It can be em- tank minefields or elsewhere for triggering ployed in combination with high-explosive by ground troops. The presence of chem- mines in minefields. ical mines in a minefield slows breaching b. Description. The l-gallon chemic - operations as it discourages rapid mine- mine (fig. 70) consists of an unpainti clearing techniques. Chemical land mines but marked l-gallon metal can with a may be initiated by action of the enemvor carrying handle and a threaded cap. The by remote control. More detailed informa- cap is lined with a gasket made of cork or tion on use and tactical employment of rubber and faced with lead foil. Two short chemical land mines may be found in FM copper wires are soldered to one side of 3-5, FM 20-32, and FM 31-10. the mine for use when attaching a burster b. Mines. Representative types of chemical mines are shown in figure 1. For a detailed general discussion of chemical mines, see paragraph 5. c. Fuzes and Other Components. T he functioning of chemical mines is initiated by a fuze or burster, depending upon the type of mine. The l-gallon mine uses a bursting charge made of detonating cord. An electric blasting cap or detonating cord is used to detonate the detonating cord bursting charge. The l-3/4-gallon mine (M23) uses a fuze for primary fuzing. When employed as an antipersonnel mine an activator and firing device are actuated by a trip wire. d. Dafa. Tabulated data on chemical Figure 70. Mine, land, chemical, i-gallon.

100 MINE, CHEMICAL AGENT, BURSTER d. Laring and Arming. HD, 1 - G+ON CHARGF Warping: A protective mask and protective clothing must be worn when pre-- paring and lashing chemical land mines. (9 Prepare -a hole in the ground wit, a firm foundation at the bottomand of appropriate dimensions (b above). (2) Attach a 4-foot length of detonating cord to the side of the mine with the copper wires provided for that purpose. (3) Tape either an electric blasting cap or a length of detonating cord lengthwise along and in firm con- Figure 71. Mine, land, chemical, l-gallon. tact with the detonating cord burster charge. (a) When using an electric blasting charge (fig. 71). Detailed dataon this mine cap, leave the ends of the blast- is listed below. ing cap wires connected to each Description of mine. other until ready to connect them Model number - none. to the electric firing circuit. Type -bursting. (6) When using detonating cord as a Weight, loaded -11 pounds (varnish- detonator, use a square knot to can type HD mines are filled by de- tie it to the bursting charge. pots and supplied to the field in that (4) Place the mine, bursting charge condition). down, in the hole leadfngtheblast- Capacity - 1.1 gallons. ing cap detonating cord or wires Dimensions -height, lo-9/16 inches; out of the hole. width, 6-9/16 inches; depth 4-l/8 (5) Cover the mine with approximatel: inches. 4-inches of earth. Material - light gage metal. (6) Camouflage as instructed in FM Bursting charge - 4 foot length of 20-32. detonating cord. (7) If an electric firing circuit isused Weight of filler - 9.9 pounds (l-gallon) for detonation, connect the blasting (O. cap wires to an electrical firing Painting - unpainted. circuit. Marking - green with two green bands. (8) If a nonelectric blasting cap is c. Functionin& used, attach a safety fuse of suf- (1) EZGtrically. ficient length to allow time for Upon completion of the electrical firing personnel to move to safety. circuit, current is transmitted to e. Disarmi@ and Removal. the electric blasting cap which Warning; A protective maskandprotec- causes the electric blasting cap to tive clothing must be worn when disarming function and detonates the bursting and removing chemical land mines. charge, the force of which bursts (1) Carefully coil wires or detonating the mine and disperses the chem- cord. ical agent over a wide area. (2) Remove camouflage material. (2) Nonelectrically. (3) Remove dirt covering the mine. Burning safety fuse sets off the (4) Remove the mine from the hole and flasting cap which causes the det- return to its packing container. onating cord to detonate, bursting Note. Filled mines should not be stored for more than 30 days andshould be vented the mine and dispersing the chem- periodically to prevent pressure from build- ical agent over a wide area. ingurwnd to minimize leaks, 101 f. Effectiveness. An exploding bursting mine body made of the same type steel charge disperses the chemical filling of the used in the mine M16Al. The chemical mine over a radius of approximately 5 land mine M23 can be distinguished vis- yards. Such areas present a hazard to ually and by touch from the AT mine lV __- personnel for a time varying from hours by eight raised projections spaced in pa. to days. The effectiveness of the chemical around the periphery of the top of the agent is dependent on the method of dis- chemical mine (at go-degree intervals). A semination, the weather, and the condition primary fuze well, a side fuze well, and of the surface of the terrain in the target a bottom fuze well are proved for fuzing area. the mine (fig. 73). The side fuze well is part of a burster tube which contains a 44. Mine, Chemical Agent, VX, M23 tetryl burster held in place by a retaining ring. The bottom fuze well is part of a a. General. The chemical mine, M23 (fig. 66) is prefilled and is used to disperse cover adapter plate which holds a Com- a nerve agent (VX). The mine M23 maybe position B burster cone in place. Both fuzed for contact or remote static deton- the side and bottom fuze wells are closed ation and may be used as an antitankmine with removable caps. The pressure plate or antipersonnel mine. When used as an assembly consists of a pressure plate, a antitank mine, afuze M603 (par. 32) is used belleville spring, a fuze retainer spring, in the primary fuze well. When used as an and an arming plug. Later model mines antipersonnel mine the M23 is booby- use a coil spring instead of a belleville trapped by using an activator Ml and a spring. The fuze retainer spring holds the firing device MlAl, M2, M3, or M5 in booster and fuze in the primary fuze well either the side or botJom secondary fuze when the arming plug is installed. Fuze well. M603 (see par. 32) is used for primary fuzing, An activator, Ml (see par. 35), b. Description. The chemical agent used with a firing device (see par. 46), mine M23, similar in size and shape to the is used for secondary fuzing when the mine antitank mine Ml5 (par. 31), consists of a is employed as an antipersonnel minh

~~PRESSURE PLATE ASSEMBLY MINE BODY / \ . __ RAISED PROJECTION ,- / “-=%.“r \. ,*~ ” ’ THREE BAN,DS (GREEN) \ _1 i~~

~~NOMENCLATURE~~

~~YELLOW BAND~~

~~-I--^ -.-__ ORD 0780~~

~~Figure 72. Mine, chemical agent, VX, MZ3.~~

102 Mine, chemical agent, VX, M23 is packed inch green bands aild one 1/4- inch yellow band. and shipped three to a packing container _- (fig. 74). Capacity - l-3/4 gallons. (1) Mine. (2) &ze.(par. 32). Model number - M23. Model number - M603. Type -bursting. Tme -mechanical, belleville Weight (unfuzed) - 22-3/4 pounds. spring or coil spring. Weight of filling - 10-l/2 pounds. Weight - 1.56 ounces. Dimensions -height, 5 inches; di- Weight of explosive (primer mix- ameter, 13 inches. ture, lead ozide, and RDX) - 7 Material - steel. grain (approx.). Primaryfuze well - located in cen- Dimensions -height, 1.17 inches; ter of mine top. diameter, 1.125 inches. Secondary (boobytrapping) f u z e Material - steel. wells: Two fuze wells, one lo- Safeties - safety fork (clip). cated in side and one in the bot- Painting - uncolored. tom; covered with plastic caps. Marking - nomenclature stamped Type of secondary (boobytrap- in metal. ping) - fuze for which threaded; (3) Fme (s econdazy) (boobytrappf@). firing device MlAl, M2, M3, or Fir-i@ device: M5 and activator Ml. Delay type, Ml. Booster - Ml20 in bottom of main Pull-friction type, h!I2. fuze well. Pull-release type, M3. Painting - gray. Pressure type, MlAl. Marking- green *with three 1/2- Pressure-release type, M5.

~~- ARMING PLUG BELLEVILLE SPRING \ I PRIMARY FUZE WELL \ \ / REMOVABLE CAP BURSTER CONE~~

~~BURSTER TUBE~~

~~SIDE FUZE U ‘EL~~

~~TORSION SPRING ’ ’ COVER ADAPTER PLATE~~

~~CARRYING HANDLE /~~

~~BOTTOM FUZE WELL / ORD D781~~

~~Figure 73. Mine, chemical agent, VX, M.C3-cross section.~~

~~103 COMPARTMENTS~~

~~.NUT AND BOLT~~

~~CUSHIONING MATERIAL MINES~~

~~ORD D782~~

~~Figure 74. Packing for mine, chemical agent, V.7, MS3.~~

c. Functionin& For functioning refer to tective clothing must be worn when dis- antitank mine Ml5 (par. 31). arming and removing chemiaal land mines. d. Layi@ and Arming. For laying and For disarming and removal procedures arming of the chemical mine M23 see see paragraph 31. antitank tine Ml5 (par. 31). g. Effectiveness. The effective burst Wring: A protective mask and pro- radius for the mine buried under 3 to 5 tective clothing must be worn when pre- inches of earth is about 4 meters. By paring and laying of chemical land mines. bursting in the ground, the liquid con- taminant mixes thoroughly with the dirt e. Boobyfrappin& Boobytrapping of the cover. A burst from the buried position mine M.23 requires activator Ml (par. 35) thus gives a more lasting contamination and a firing device (par. 46) with trip than one from a mine placed on the surface wires. Refer to paragraph 31 for booby- of the ground. The liquid contamination trapping procedures. density is high at the point of burst and f. Disarming and Removal. decreased rapidly as the distance from W-&z,& A protective mask and pro- the burst point increases. -

~~104 CHAPTER 5 - RELATED ITEMS~~

45. Genera I shown fn the upper portion of figure 75. As a field expedient, any of these explosive The land mine fuzes and components de- charges may be used as land mines. The scribed in chapters 2, 3, and 4 all belong assembled fuze, consisting of a firing de- to Federal S upp 1y Classification (FSC) vice with a blasting cap attached thereto, class 1345. There are also a number of other items belonging to other FSC is screwed into the fuze well of thedemo- For p 1 a s t i c demolition classes, whit h are used in conjunction lition charge. with, or in lieu of, the land mines, fuzes, charges, which have no fuze well, the and components described in chapters 2, blasting cap is inserted into the mass of The fuzed demolition 3, and 4. These other materials belong plastic explosive. principally to FSC classes 1375, demoli- charge is then set into place and set tion materials, and 1370, pyrotechnics, initiating action as in an ordinary 1 and mine. Demolition devices containing ex- and are described in paragraph46 through plosve charges weighing from l/4 of a 49. pound to 40 pounds are available. The blast effect of a particular land mine canbe ap- 46. Demolition Materials proximated by a s s e m b 1 i n g demolition s. Cmer&. The term “demolition ma- charges with weights equal to the explo- terials” refers to a variety of explosive sive weights of the land mine. charges of different sizes and shapes, ex- c. Firing Devices. A firing device is a plosive-initiating devices designed for use mechanism used to initiate a train of fire with such charges, explosive and nonex- for detonation of demolition charge s, plosive mechanical devices, and apparatus boobytraps, or mines, usually but not nec- such as instruments, tools, and equipment essarily, as part of a nonelectric system used with charges for performing various A firing device is a separate item of issue military d e m o 1 it i o n functions. Repre- and must be requisitioned separately from sentative demolition materials are shown land mines or demolition charges which in figure 75. All of these materials belong are us e d for making improvised 1 and to FSC class 1375. Most demolition ma- mines. Firing devices are of two general terials can be used in one way or another shapes, tubular and box (fig. 76). Thetub- in land mine operations; however, in this ular types of firing devices consist of a paragraph, only demolition charges which head, a case, which contains a firing pin, may be substituted for land mines under and a base coupling wh i c h contains a special conditions, and firing devices primer. They are arranged for actuation which are used for secondary fuzing and by pressure, pull or release of pull ac- boobytrapping, will be discussed. Detailed cording to the de s i g n of the particular descriptions of demolition materials and model (fig. 76). The box-type firing de- instructions for use may be found in TM vices, consisting of a rectangular steel g-1375-200 and a complete list of all demo- body and base coupling, operate by the lition materials available may be found in pressure release method. The base cou- SM 9-5-1375. For more detailedinforma- pling fitted to all types contains apercus- tion on the field use of demolition ma- sion primer. All firing devices arephysi- terials, see FM 5-25. Antipersonnel and tally interchangeable, as base couplings antitank mine carrying devices also belong have the same thread (9/16 of an inch) for to FSC class 1375. These devices are de- attachment to mines or explosive charges. scribed in paragraphs 49 and 50. The base coupling of the pull-type and the b. Demolifion Charges. The v a r i ou s delay-type (which is seldom used with land types of demolition charges available are mines) firing devices are not removable.

~~105 -.~~

~~l/4-LB. TNT BLOCK~~

~~l/2-LB. TNT BLOCK~~

~~1S-LB. SHAPED I-LB. TNT BLOCK CHARGE 40-LB. CRATERING CHARGE~~

~~DYNAMITE STICK BLOCK M3 BLOCK M5Al 40-LB. SHAPED CHARGE DEMOLITION CHARGES AND DYNAMITE .~~

~~BLASTING CAP FUSE IGNITER (NONELECTRIC) (FRICTION TYPE) PRESSURE PULL - RELEASE BLASTING C -. (ELECTRI! FUSE IGNITER (WEATHERPROOF) BLASTING PULL-RELEASE MACHINE~~

~~DELAY 2 TIME BLASTING DETONATING CORD FUSE~~

~~INITIATING AND PRIMING MATERIALS~~

~~BANGALORE TORPEDO~~

~~TV”. ,. I -, PROJECTED CHARGE M3A1~~

~~OBSTACLE AND MINE FIELD CLEARING DEVICES ORD D312~~

~~Figure ‘76. Representative types of demolition materials.~~

106 The base coupling on all other types of fir- nating projectile into the air. The ing devices are removable. The various projectile consists of an illuminant initiating actions for firing devices are charge and a parachute in a flare -. shown in figure 76. When firing devices case _which is projected vertically are used with demolition charges, ablast- to an altitude of 80 to 130 meters ing cap is crimped to the end of the firing where the parachute supported device. When a firing device is used as a candle is lighted and expelled from secondary fuze for boobytrapping of heavy the flare case. It effectively illumi- antitank mines, a blasting cap is not used. nates exposed objects on the ground The base coupling of the firing device is to a distance of approximately 300 screwed directly into an activator which meters, depending upon the char- is in turn screwed into a secondary fuze acter of the terrain. The flare re- well of the mine. When used with antiper- sembles, and functions in a man- sonnel mine M3 or light antitank mines a ner similar to, the M2 series blasting cap is used with the firing device. antipersonnel mines described in Inert firing devices which contain aninert paragraph 14. For a detailed de- percussion primer are provided for train- scription of and instructions for 4 ing. Inert firing devices used for training use, see TM 9-1370-200. purposes are to be employed in exactly the (2) Flare, surface, trip, M49. This same manner and with the care and pre- trip flare (fig, 78) resembles a cautions as the explosive items com- chemical hand grenade in size and prising the firing devices s i m u 1 ate d. shape, except that it is provided Hence, it is essential that personnel in with brackets for attachment to a training be fully conversgd with all proce- tree or post, and a trigger mecha- dures and instructions given in TM 9- nism for firing. It is intended for 1375-200 pertaining thereto. the same purposes as the parachute trip flare M48 (see (1) above). The 47. Pyrotechnics flare burns with a yellowish light and illuminates an area up to ap- a. General. Pyrotechnics are items of proximately 300 meter radius, de- ammunition used in military operations pending upon the character of the for p r o d u c in g light for illumination, terrain. The trip fuze Ml2 is sim- smokes or lights for signalling or sound ilar to fuzes used for cylindrical to simulate battle noises and effects. The hand grenades, but acts without de- pyrotechnic items described in this para- lay when released. graph are trip flares and boobytrap simu- c. Simulators, Boobytrap, Flash, M117. lators. Trip flares can be used as land This flash simulator consists of a cylin- mines to be initiated by enemy troops to drical body with a flat metal nailing bracket provide a warning of approach. Boobytrap protruding,.from one end. It is for use dur- simulators can be used for training in the ing maneuvers and in troops training where techniques of boobytrapping mines. These there is need for a small pyrotechnic de- devices are described in b and c below. vice which can be installed as a s af e For detailed information on these pyro- boobytrap. It functions with a loud report technic items see TM 9-1370-200. and flash when a victim unwittingly trips b. Trip Flares. it. This device is intended to provide train- (1) Flare, surface, trip, parachute, ing in the installation and uses of booby- M48. This flare (fig. 77) is used traps as well as instill caution in troops primarily to give warning of enemy who may become exposed to traps set by marauders or infiltrating hostile an enemy. For detailed description and troops and for illumination of such instructions in its use see TM g-1370-200. troops. The flare burns with a white or yellowish light, It is in effect a 48. Antipersonnel Mine Clearing Devices one shot mortar, fired by a trip wire, w h i c h projects an illumi- a. General. Antipersonnel-mine clear- 107 F_‘RlNG DfVlCE FITTED TO DEMOLITION CHARGE

~~PRESSURE ANYWHERE ON &AW INITIATING PRESSURE TYPt FiKING HAND &ihiADE ! DEViC!. FITTED TO DiMOiiITICh. CWAiiGE - --- -_~~

Figure ‘76. Representative methods of using firing devices in boobytrap installations. 108 ing devices are called projected charge (fig. 75), called “demolition snakes It demolition kits (figs. 74 and 75)‘ A kit such “projected charges,” or “bangalore torpi- as the cable, detonating, antipersonnel- does.” The projected charge is usedprir - mine-clearing Ml, consists of a flexible cipally to breach antitank minefields, b, linear explosive charge and the apparatus it can also be used to breach bands of log for projecting it. This kit is used primarily posts, steel rails, antitank ditches, or to clear narrow lanes ,in enemy antiper- small concrete obstacles. The bangalore sonnel minefields. The explosive charge torpedo is used primarily to breach areas of the mine-clearing device consists of a of obstacles listed above. The demolition special detonating cable which is projected snake M3Al consists of sections made up from a launcher, across the minefield, by of two parallel linear explosive charges a jet propulsion unit. The cable is thenex- encased in corrugated metal plates bolted ploded by a delay detonator. together to form a rigid assembly which b. Description. The major components can be towed or pushed by a light or me- of the antipersonnel mine clearing device dium tank (fig. 82). This demolition snake MlEl are: a storage and carrying case, is exploded by action of a bullet-impact a 170-foot length of detonating cable, a fuze that is actuated by fire from a ma- propulsion unit, a launcher unit, and the chine gun mounted on a tank. firing equipment. The cylindrical alumi- b. Description. num storage and carrying case (fig. 81), (1) Projected charge M3Al. An as- which is 16-l/2 inches in diameter, 20 sembled projected charge (fig. 82) inches long, and weighs 92 pounds, con- consists of two parallel, linear, tains and houses the remaining major c o r rug at e d-aluminum or steel components. The explosive charge con- plates bolted together to form sists of 19 strands of nylon-covereddeto- a rigid assembly. It is flexible in nating cord, each containing 100 grams of the vertical plane to permit it to oil-soaked PETN per foot. The total weight pass over rough ground and rigid of the explosive material (PETN) is ap- enough in the horizontal plane to proximately 46 pounds. The launcher unit maintain a relatively true tours consists of a folding stand constructed of when being pushed. The assembleG aluminum angles with two connected legs. projected charge, shown in a The propulsion unit (assembly) consists of cross-section in figure 83, is 14 a rocket unit, a length of wire rope attached inches wide, 5 inches high, and 400 to the front end of the detonating cable, a feet long. Projected charges fab- length of time fuse, and two weatherproof ricated from steel p 1 ate s weigh fuze lighters M2. A 15-second delaydeto- 12,500 to 15,000 pounds; those fab- nator is used to detonate the detonating ricated from aluminum plates cable. An oak tent stake, used to anchor weigh 9,000 pounds. Eachmaycon- one end of the detonating cable, is also tain as much as 4,500 pounds of included in the carrying case. Simulated explosives, For information on cables of l/2-inch wire rope, 1-l/8-inch tactical uses of projected charges sisal rope, or inert loaded cables, with and their effects on minefields and live propulsion units, live fuze lighters, other obstacles, see FM 5-25, TM and live 15-second delay detonators, may 5-220 and FM 20-32. For a detailed be used for training. For further informa- description of the available anti- tion refer to TM g-1375-200. tank projected charge s and instructions for use, see TM 9-1375- 49. Antitank Mine Clearing Devices 200. (2) Torpedo, bangalore MlAl. This a. General. Antitank mine and obstacle demolition device (fig. 75), which ,, clearing devices are issued as kits con- is made up of 5-foot lengths of taining all materials necessary for assem- h i g h-explosive-filled steel tubes bly. The completely assembled devices with connecting sleeves, may be _-.

~~PRONGSdidi~~

~~FIRING PIN SAFETY I (POSITIVE)--REMOVE L TRIGGER PIN~~

~~RELEASE VPIN RING I~~

~~RELEASE PIN SAFETY PIN FIRING 8X&’ J MECHAN ISh~~

~~FIRING PIN \ RELEASE PIN~~

~~FIRING PIN SPRING k5A1~~

~~FELT PAD-,, PERCUSSION SUSPENSION CABLE~~

~~%COUPLING BASE b~~

~~- ILLUMIF~~

~~& CHARGE~~

~~FIRST-FIRE CHARGE /NIPPLE PRIMING CHARGE- FELT PAD-~~

~~QUICKMATCH~~

~~EXPELLING CHARGE RELAY CHARGE~~

~~DELAY FUSE~~

~~I‘ROPELLING CHARGE; i, BASE PLATE~~

~~RA PD 69071C~~

~~Figure ‘77. Flare, surface, trip, parachute, M48.~~

~~110 STRIKER SPRING~~

~~SAFETY PIN PERCUSSION PRIMER STRIKER TAPED HOLE~~

~~TRiP FUZE M12’~~

~~PRIMING CHARGE~~

~~T SAFETY LEVER I MOVING FROM COCKED- TO RELEASE POSITION I iOWtK CAIJ / R~~

~~TRIGGER PIVOT~~

~~TRIGGER SPRING~~

~~TRIP WIRE SLOT~~

~~SAFETY LEVER~~

~~ANCHbR CLIP~~

~~TRIGGER PIVOT~~

~~ANCHOR CLIP~~

~~NAIL~~

~~-TRIGGER MECHANISM-FRONT VIEW BEFORE COCKING- RA PD 89353C~~

~~Figure 78. Flare, surface, trip, M49.~~

111 used for blasting a path throughan crimped-on nonelectric blasting antipersonnel minefield, wire en- cap or a delay detonator. Sixturns tanglements or other obstructions. of detonating cord wrapped around _- :’ The individual tubes, called “load- one -end of a loading assembly, tc ing assembliest7, may also beused which is connected an 8-15 seconG as explosive charges in the demo- delay detonator, may be used as a lition snake (par,. 1). The complete firing device. Detonation of one item of issue consists of loloaded loading assembly will r e s ul t in assemblies, 10 connecting sleeves, detonation of the entire series if and 1 nose sleeve. Each loading properly connected. The con- assembly (5 feet long by 2-l/8 necting sleeve is a short tube into inches in diameter) is filled with which the ends of the loading as- amatol, with about 4-inches of TNT semblies fit and are heldby spring at each end. Total weight of explo- clips. The nose sleeve, located at sive in each loaded assembly is the end of a loading assembly, has about 9 pounds. Each end of the tube a round point for ease in pushing contains a threaded well to ac- the torpedo past or through obsta- commodate a fir ing device with cles.

~~STAPLES~~

~~A-SIMULATOR WITH EQUIPMENT, AS ISSUED~~

~~B--SIMULTOR WITH CAP REMOVED AN0 CORD EXTENDED ORD Dl7~~

~~Figure 79. Simulator, Boobytrap, Flash, Mll7’.~~

~~112 RA PO131039~~

~~Figure 80. Antipersonnel mine clearing device laying detonating cable across mine field. PROPULSION UNIT, WIRE ROF~~

~~BLASTING FUSE~~

~~BLASTING IGNITER M60~~

~~ERAICE vVlRE CABLE Tb’iEADED CAP WI A”“3 BOOSTER SLEI I5-SECOND DELAY~~

~~PERf..--4.,.. k IC~~

~~Figure 8 1. Projected charge demolition kit MlEl emplaced for firing.~~

~~114 Figure 82. Antitank mine clearing device being pushed into position by medium tank.~~

~~l 1st FUZE SHIELD 33d BOLT HOLE FUZE FROM TAIL~~

~~17Tr ,,ALI I” c, CHIFI n 43d LINEAR DEMOLITION CHARGES FRC NOSE -~~

~~J Y ‘> 6.IN. OF COMP A-3 -BOLT HOLE 1 ORD 0363~~

~~Figure 83. Longitudinal section of projected charge M3Al at fuze. 115 APPENDIX I REFERENCES~~

1. Publication Indexes The following indexes should be consulted frequently for latest changes or revision of references given in this appendix and for new publications relating to material covered to the in this technical manual. Indexes of Army Motion Pictures, Film Strips, Slides, and DA Pam 108-l safety Phono-Recordings. Military Publications: Index of Administrative Publications ...... , ...... , . .DA Pam 310-l Index of Blank Forms ...... *...... DA Pam 310-2 r de- Index of Doctrinal, Training, and Organizational Publications . . . . , . DA Pam 310-3 The Index of Graphic Training Aids and Devices ...... DA Pam 310-5 :nce, Index of Suppl;y Manuals; Ordnance Corps ...... , ...... DA Pam 310-29 y for Index of Technical Manuals, Technical Bulletins, Supply Bulletins, DA Pam 310-4 ‘use. Supply Manuals (types 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9) Lubrication Orders, and Modification Work Orders. :ked Index of Ordnance Publications (Navy) l ...... e...... OPO igh- XPs, 2. Supply Manuals 3ms Ammunition and Explosives: Class 1305 - Ammunition, through SM 9-5-1305 lem 30-Millimeter. vith - Ammunition and Explosives: Land Mines ...... SM 9-5-1345 ves Ammunition and Explosives: Military Pyrotechnics, All Types ...... SM g-5-1370 Ammunition and Explosives: Solid Propellants, and Explosive SM 9-5-1375 Devices. ked Stock List of All Items, Price List ...... ‘Co . . . . SM 9-2-1 ive Index of Graphic Training Aids and Devices ...... e ...... DA Pam 310-5 ?X- :te ln- 3. Forms l- The following forms pertain to the material covered in this manual: Lf- DA Form 2415, Ammunition Condition Report DD Form 6, Report of Damaged or Improper Shipment ge The Army Equipment Record System and Procedures * ...... , . . . . TM 38-750 V- * For instructions on the use of DA Forms, refer to . , . . . . . , ...... TM 38-750 : )e 4. Other Publications,

a. Ammunition, All Types. l- 1 Ammunition, General ...... *...... TM 9-1900 4. Ammunition: Federal Stock Number and Department of Defense TB 9-AMM-5 .C Ammunition Code. It Ammunition: Restricted or Suspended ...... , ...... TB 9-AMM-2 4 Care, Handling,, Preservation, and Destruction of Ammunition. . . , . . . TM 9b1300-206 .l Disposal of Supplies and Equipment: Ammunition. , ...... SR 755-140-l Y Xstribution of Ammunition for Training ...... AR 710-1300-l Explosives: Responsibilities and Procedures for Explosive AR 75-15 .; Ordinance Disposal. .ed ‘e 118 -Military Explosives ...... TM 9-1910 ?ety: Identification of Inert Ammunition and Ammunition AR 385-65 domponents Safety: Regulations for Firing Ammunition for Training, Target AR 385-63 Practice, and Combat Tables of Allowance: Training Allowances ...... TA 23-100 b. CamoutTage. Camouflage, Basic Principles and Field Camouflage ...... FM 5-20 c. DeMntamination. Decontamination ...... TM 3-220 Small Unit Procedures in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical FM 21-40 Warfare. d. Desftiction to Prevent Enemy Use. Explosives and Demolitions...... FM 5-25 Care, Handling, Preservation, and Destruction of Ammunition. .. TM g-1300-206 e. General. Army Safety Program ...... SR 385-10 Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Operations ...... FM 3-5 Chemical Corps Reference Handbook ...... FM 3-8 Department of Defense Ammunition Code...... SB 708-100 Federal Supply Classification: Part I. Groups and Classes ..... SB 708-401 Ground Chemical Munitions...... TM 3-300 Land Mine Warfare ...... FM 20-32 Logistics (General): Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and AR 700-1300-8 Explosives. Military Chemistry and Chemical Agents, ...... TM 3-215 ;litary Security: Safeguarding Defense Information ...... AR 380-5 .litary Symbols...... FM 21-30/AFR 55-3 lr’lilitary Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols: Authorized Abbreviations ...... AR 320-50 Dictionary of United States Army Terms...... AR 320-5 Military Training ...... FM 21-5 Ordnance Ammunition Service ...... FM 9-5 Ordnance Corps Equipment Data Sheets...... TM 9-500 Ordnance Maintenance and General Supply in the Field...... FM 9-10 Ordnance Service in the Field ...... FM 9-l Safety: Accident Reporting and Records...... AR 385-40 Techniques of Military Instruction ...... FM 21-6 Ordnance Major Items and Major Combination and Pertinent SB 9-l Publications. Fire Report ...... AR 385-12 Supply and Service Installations and Activities: Depots - Organization and Command Relationship...... AR 780-10 Expendable Property, ...... AR 735-4 Tactics and Techniques of Chemical, Biological, and FM 3-5 Radiological (CBR) Warfare. f. Shipment and Limited Storage. Logistics (General): Report of Damaged or Improper Shipment . . AR 700-58 Military Traffic Management Regulations ...... AR 55-355 Packaging and Shipping of Materiel: Army Shipping Document ... TM 38-705 _-Transportation and Travel: Transportation by Water of AR 55-228 Explosives and Hazardous Cargo Aministration ...... ‘; .' ...... AR 210-10

119 g. Training Aids. Index of Doctrinal, Training, and Organizational Publications . . . DA Pam 310-3 Index of Graphic Training Aids and Devices ...... , . 0 . . . . . DA Pam 310-5 Targets, Target Material, and Training Course Lay Cuts ...... TM 9-855 Techniques of Military Instructions ...... FM 21-6 6. Maintenance and Repair. Maintenance of Supplies and Equipment Spot Check Inspection AR 750-925 and Reports; Ordnance Corps Material. Ordnance Maintenance: Materials Used for Cleaning, Pre- TM 9-247 serving, Abrading, and Cementing Ordnance Material, and Related Materials Including Chemicals, Lubricants, Lndi- caters, and Hydraulic Fluids. i. Shipment and Limited Storage. General Packaging Instructions for Ordnance General Supplies . . TM 9-200 Issue of Supplies and Equipment Preparation, Processing, AR 725-5 and Documentation for Requisitioning, Shipping and Receiving. Logistics (General): Report of Damaged or Improper Shipment . . AR 700-58 Marking and Packing of Supplies and Equipment: Marking of TB ORD 379 Supplies for Shipment. Demolition Equipment Set, Explosive Initiating, Electric SM 9-4-4940-A09 and Nonelectric. Demolition Equipment Set, Explosive Initiating, Nonelectric . , . , SM 9-4-4940-A10 Bureau of Explosives Pamphlets No. 6 and No. 6A, Bureau of Explosive, 63 Vesey St., New York 7, N.Y. Consolidation Freight Classification No. 22 Weight Classification Guide , ...... , , ...... , . . . . . , . , CTB 42

~~120 APPENDIX II COMPLETE ROUND DATA~~

~~1. Antipersonnel Mines~~

~~Mine and fuze Firing device~~

PRACTICE MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M2 (all mods) inert and fuze mine combina- 1 FIRING DEVICE: M17. tion M2 or M2Al inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M2 (all mods) inert and fuze mine combination M6Al inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M16Al inert and fuze mine combination None. M605 inert. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL, PRACTICE: M8 and fuze mine combination Ml0 or MlOAl practice, consists of: 1 mine body 1 antipersonnel mine cap (cover) 1 mine spotting charge 1 mine combination fuze Ml0 or MlOAl practice (consisting of Mechanism and 1 mine fuze primer-igniter including primed coupling base, delay element and igniter charge) 1 antipersonnel mine projectile similator MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL, PRACTICE: NM Ml7 (T34) w/integral fuze.

SERVICE INE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M2 series and fuze mine combination M6Al. None. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M3 and fuze mine combination M7Al------FIRING DEVICE: w/nonelectric blasting cap. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Ml6 and M16Al and fuze mine combination None. M605. . MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Ml8 w/M68 and M69 Kits uses Type #2 blasting cap assy. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: M18Al w/accessories used M4 blasting cap assy. MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: NM, Ml4 w/integral fuze.

~~2. Antitank Mines~~

~~Mine Fllze Activator Firing device~~

~~PRACTICE~~

MINE, ANTITANK: heavy, FUZE MINE: AT, M- ACTIVATOR, AT FIRING DEVICE: w/ M6 empty or inert, 600 inert. MINE: Ml inert. inert coupling base. MINE, ANTITANK: light M7 FUZE MINE: AT, None. empty or inert. Chemical M600 or M- - 601. MINE, ANTITANK: light M7Al empty. MIKE, ANTITANK: light, FUZE, MINE: AT, M- None. - M7A2 empty or inert, 603 inert. ME, ANTITANK: NM, M- FUZE MINE: M606 in- ACTIVATOR: M2. 19 inert. ert.

~~121 APPENDIX II-Continued COMPLETE ROUND DATA-Continued~~

~~Mine FUZZ Activator Firing device~~

~~PRACTICE- Continued~~

MINE, ANTITANK, PRAC- FUZE MINE: AT prac- ACTIVATOR: AT, FIXING DEVICE: M2. TICE: heavy Ml2 or M12Al tice M604. MINE Ml, practice. MlNE, ANTITANK, PRAC- FIRING DEVICE: M3 TICE: heavy M20 (T38). Pull release. MINE, ANTITANK, PRAC- TICE: light. MlO. MINE, ANTITANK, PRAC- FUZE, MINE: AT None. None. TICE: NM M9. Chemical NM Ml2 practice.

~~SERVICE~~

MINE, ANTITANK: HE, FUZE, MINE: AT M- ACTIVATOR: AT FIRING DEVICE: w/ heavy M6A2. 603. MINE: Ml. primed coupling base MINE, ANTITANK: HE, and w/o blasting cap. heavy M15. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, FUZE, MINE: combin- None, None. heavy M21. ation M607. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, FUZE, MINE: AT M- FIRKNG DEVICE: M45. light M7 and M7A2. 603. MINE, ANTITANK: HE, NM FUZE, MINE: M606. ACTIVATOR: M2. None. Ml9 (T18).

~~122 APPENDIX III - INDEX OF FORMER ITEM NAMES~~

~~Former item name Federal item name~~

ACTIVATOR ACTIVATOR, ANTITANK MINE BOOSTER BOOSTER, ANTITANK MINE CAP CAP, ANTIPERSONNEL MINE CHARGE CHARGE, SPOTTING, MINE COVER COVER, ANTITANK MINE FUZE, mine FUZE, MINE IGNITER ASSEMBLY PRIMER-IGNITER, MINE FUZE MINE, antipersonnel MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL MINE, antipersonnel, practice MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL, PRACTICE MINE, antitank MINE, ANTITANK MINE, antitank, practice MINE, ANTITANK, PRACTICE PLUG, arming, AT mine ARMING PLUG, ANTITANK MINE PROJECTILE, (simulated) (tube Assy) SIMULATOR, ANTIPERSONNEL MINE PROJECTILE RETAINER, booster RETAINER, ANTITANK MINE BOOSTER

~~123 ,-- INDEX~~

~~Paragraph Page Paragraph Page~~

Accidents, report of, ...... 3b 4 Fires ...... 3c 4 Activator, antitank mine, Ml . . . . 35b(l) 84 Hazardous conditions ...... 3d 4 Activator, antitank mine, M2 . . . . 35b(2) 84 Fuze, mine antipersonnel, service: Activator, antitank, practice, Ml 40 96 Combination: M6A 1 ...... 15 21 Ammunition Identification Code M7Al ...... 17 23 (See Dept. Defense Ident Code) M605 ...... 18 24 Ammunition Lot Number ...... 9c 11 Fuze, mine antipersonnel, Antipersonnel mines: (See also practice: Mines, antipersonnel) Combination: M7Al inert ... 24 50 Fragmentation type ...... 5o(l) 6 M2, M2A1, or M6Al inert. .. 25 50 Blast type ...... Wl) 6 M605 inert ...... 26 51 Antipersonnel mine fuze (See Ml0 or MlOA ...... 28 54 Mine, fuze, antipersonnel) Fuze, mine antitank, service: Antitank mines (See also Mines, M603 ...... 32 63 antitank) M607. ... : ...... 33 64 Heavy type...... 37 87 M606...... 34 71 Light type , ...... 38 91 Fuze, mine antitank, practice: Antitank mine fuze (See Mine, M604 ...... 37c,d 87,90 fuze, antitank) 38c,d 95,96 M603 inert...... 38b 91 Bandoleer, M7 ...... 20(3) 33 M606 inert...... 39 96 Boobytrapping mines ...... 6 8 Boobytraps ...... 6 8 Handling and preservation care (See Care, handling and preser- Care, handling and preservation. . 10 13 vation) Classification ...... 8 11 Combination mine fuze (See Mine, Identification...... 9 11 fuze, antipersonnel) Improvised mines ...... 5c 6 complete round data (Appendix II) 7a 8 Complete round mine (See Mine Lot Number, Ammunition ...... SC 11 complete round) Mine, antipersonnel, practice: General ...... 23 48 Data card ...... 9f 13 M3 empty...... 24 50 Demolition charges ...... 46b lb5 M2 inert...... 25 50 Demolition materials ...... 46 105 M16Al inert ...... 26 51 Department of Defense Identi- Mine, antipersonnel, service: fication Code ...... 99 13 General ...... 13 16 Destruction of ammunition to pre- M2A4 ...... 14 18 vent enemy use:...... 50 116 M3 ...... 16 21 Methods of destruction . . . . . 51 116 M16Al...... 18 24 M18Al w/accessories...... 20 29 Electric blasting cap, M4 ...... WWC) 30 Ml8 w/carrying kit...... 21 42 Errors and omissions...... 4 4 M 14 nonmetallic...... 22 45 Explosive train ...... 7b 8 Mine, antitank, practice: General ...... 36 85 Federal Stock Number ...... % 13 Heavy: M6 empty or inert ... 37b 87 Field storage and preservation Ml2 ...... 37c 87 (See storage and preservation) M20 ...... 37d 90 Fires ...... , ...... 3c 4 Light: M’7 series empty Firing device, M57 ...... 59x2) 30 or inert ...... 386 91 Firing devices ...... 41b,c 98,9? Ml0 ...... 38c,d 95,96 Flare, trip: Ml9 inert...... 39 96 Parachute trip surface flare, Mine, antitank, service: M48 ...... 47b( 1) 107 General ...... 30 58 Trip surface flare, M49 . . . . . 476(2) 107 Ml5 ...... 31 59 Former Item Names ...... App. III 123 M21...... 33 64 ;lorms and reports: Ml9 nodmetallio ...... 34 71 Authorized forms ...... 3a 4 Mine-clearing devices: Accidents, field report . . . . . 3b 4 Antipersonnel mine ...... 44 102

~~124 Paragraph Page Paragraph Page -~~

Antitank mine ...... 45 105 Service antipersonnel mines and .: complete round: fuzes (table I) ...... 13d 16 Data table ...... 7a 8 Service antitank mine fuze (See Explosive train ...... 76 8 Fuze, antitank, service) Mine fuze (See Fuze, mine) Service antitank mines, fuzes, Mines, land: and components (table III) . . . . 3od 58 Description ...... 5b 4 Simulator, boobytrap, flash, Ml17 47c 107 Types ...... 5C 6 Storage and preservation, field . . 106 14 Model ...... 9d 12 Tables: Nonmetallic mine (See Mine, anti- Color Coding of Chemical personnel also, Mine, antitank) Mines (table IA) ...... 9d 12 Service antipersonnel mines Packing and marking for shipment 11 15 and fuzes (table II) ...... 13d 16 Painting and marking...... 9.9 12 Practice antipersonnel mines, Phony mines ...... , . 5c 6 fuzes, and components Practice activator, Ml (See (table III) ...... 23d 50 Activator, antitank) Service antitank mines, fuzes, Practice mines (See also Mine, and components (table IV). . 30d 58 antipersonnel, practice and Practice antitank mines, Mine, antitank, practice) . . . . . 23,36 48, fuzes, and components Practice antipersonnel mine fuze 85 (table IV)...... 36d 85 (See Fuze, mine antipersonnel) Complete round data (appen- Practice antipersonnel mines, dix II)...... 7a 8 fuzes, and components (table Test set, M40 ...... 2W) 30 II)...... 23d 50 Training mines (See Mine, anti- Practice antitank mine fuze (See personnel, practice also Mine, Fuze, mine antitank) antitank, practice) Practice antitank mines, fuzes, Transportation ...... 12 15 /-?nd components (table IV) . . . . 36d 85 Trip flares (See Flares, trip)

~~Yce antipersonnel mine fuze ,jee Fuze, antipersonnel, service)~~

~~125 By Order of Secretary of the Army: EARLE G. WHEELER, General, United States Army, Chief of Staff. Official : J. C. LAMBERT, Major General, Unitsd States Army, The Adjutant General.~~

~~Distribution:~~

Active Army: USAARTYCDA (2) USASA (2) USAAVNCDA (I) DCSLOG (1) USACBRCDA (2) CNGB (1) USACARMSCDA (2) CofEngrs (2) USACECDA (1) CofT (1) USAECDAA (2) USCONARC (3) USAICDA (2) USACDC (2) USAIh’TCDA (1) USAWECOM (2) USAMPCDA (1) USAMICOM (5) USAOCDA (2) USASMCOM (5) USAQMCDA (1) USAECOM (2) USASWCDA (2) ARADCOM (2) USAOSA (2) ARADCOM Rgn (2) PG (2) except OS Maj Comd (2) except Ord PG (10) USAREUR (5) Ord Arsenals (2) except OS Base Comd (2) Picatinny (32) LOGCOMD (2) Proc Dist (I) except MDW (1) Chicago Proc Dist (None) Armies (3) except Svc Colleges (2) First USA (5) Br Svc Sch (2) corps (2) USA Ammo Proc & Sup Agcy (3) USA Corps (2) Fld Comd, DASA (1) Div (2) USA Tql Comd (2) Inst.1 (2) PMS Sr Div Ord Units (1) Svc Colleges (2) POE (2) Br Svc Sch (2) Mil Msn (1) GENDEP (OS) (2) MAAG (2) Ord Set, GENDEP (OS) (5) JBUSMC (2) Ord Dep (OS) (5) JUSMAGG (2) Army Dep (2) except Units org under fol TOE: Savanna (30) 3-500 (KA) (2) Letterkenny (4) 5-5 (2) USAADCDA (2) 5-500 (2) USAARMCDA (2) 9-500 (BB,FA,IA,KA,KB,KC) (2)

~~NG: State AG (3); Units - Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit. USAR: None. For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.~~

~~126~~