Mycosphere

New and interesting lichenicolous fungi from Eurasia. II

Zhurbenko MP

Lab. of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Zhurbenko MP 2010 − New and interesting lichenicolous fungi from Eurasia. II. Mycosphere 1(3), 213–222.

Three new species of lichenicolous fungi are described: Cercidospora ochrolechiae, a widespread pyrenomycete in the Arctic occurring on Ochrolechia and Pertusaria species; Phacopsis oroarcticae, known from Brodoa oroarctica in Severnaya Zemlya; and Polycoccum psorae, known from Anamylopsora pulcherrima in Kirgizstan. Epigloea soleiformis is reported as new to Asia. Conidia with 2−3 septa are documented for the first time for Minutoexcipula; M. tephromelae is reported as new to Asia and the Arctic.

Key words – Arctic – Cercidospora –Epigloea – Kirgizstan – Minutoexcipula – Phacopsis – Polycoccum – Russia

Article Information Received 4 July 2010 Accepted 22 August 2010 Published online 8 October 2010 *Corresponding author: Mikhail Zhurbenko – e-mail – [email protected]

Introduction the extreme values, X the arithmetic mean, This paper continues the previous pub- and SD the corresponding standard deviation. lications of the author on lichenicolous fungi of Sizes of asci were rounded to the nearest 1 μm, Eurasia/Holarctic (mainly: Zhurbenko 2007, those of ascospores to the nearest 0.5 μm. 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2010). The aim of this Terms for simple plane shapes and colours study, focusing on Russia and Kirgizstan, is to mostly follow Stearn (1992: 539) and Petersen describe three new species of lichenicolous (1996), respectively. Classification of the fungi and to provide further information on phylum is adopted from Lumbsch ecology, geography and of another & Huhndorf (2007). Examined specimens are three fungal species found on . deposited in LE.

Methods Results The material was examined and photo- graphed using Zeiss microscopes Stemi 2000- Cercidospora lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. & Calat. CS and Axio Imager A1 equipped with Note − this is the second find of the Nomarski differential interference contrast species in the Arctic and Asia after Severnaya optics. Microscopical examination was done in Zemlya Archipelago (Zhurbenko 2009a). water, 10 % HNO3 (N), 10 % KOH (K), Material examined – RUSSIA, Taimyr Lugol’s iodine, directly (I) or after a 10 % Peninsula, Byrranga Mts., Krasnaya River, KOH pre-treatment (K/I). The length, breadth 74°35’N, 98°23’E, alt. 110 m, rocks in tundra, and length/breadth ratio (l/b) of asci and 12 Aug 1994, in hymenium of apothecia of ascospores are given as: (min–){ X -SD}– Lobothallia melanaspis, M. Zhurbenko 94297 X −{ X +SD}(–max), where min and max are (LE 261741).

213 Cercidospora ochrolechiae Zhurb., sp. nov. Figs 1–5 MycoBank 518861 Etymology – named after the host . lichenicola in thallis et apotheciis lichenum generis Ochrolechia et Pertusaria crescens. Similis speciei Cercidospora clado- niicola, sed ascosporis longioribus, (15–)17.5– 21.5(–25) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–6.5) µm, et hospi- tibus diversis. Ascomata perithecioid, black, subglo- bose, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., with ostiole 20–40 Fig. 1 − Cercidospora ochrolechiae (holotype). μm diam., smooth, almost completely to ½ Habitus. Bar = 100 µm. immersed, dispersed or rarely confluent. Exciple in surface view recalling textura angularis or textura epidermoidea, with individual cells 6−13 × 3.5−4 µm, 25−35 µm thick near ostiole, 10−15 µm thick at the base, green (usually around ostiole), greyish green, bluish green, olive green or pistachio green, dark above and pale to colourless below, K–, N+ brownish orange. Hymenial gel I–, K/I–. Hamathecium of well-developed, branched, anastomosing interascal filaments, 1.5–2(–2.5) μm diam., not swollen at the apices. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindrical-obclavate, Fig. 2 − Cercidospora ochrolechiae (holotype). short-stalked, (46–)56–66–76(–96) × (9–)11– Perithecium in cross section in water. Bar = 50 13–15(–18) µm (n = 63), endoascus apically µm. thickened and provided with a small ocular chamber, I–, K/I–, ascoplast I+ brownish orange, K/I+ brownish orange; 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, narrowly oblanceolate, straight, (15–)17.5–19.5–21.5(–25) × (4–)4.5– 5–5.5(–6.5) µm, l/b = (2.9–)3.4–3.8–4.2(–5.0) (n = 194), (1–)3(−5)-transseptate [mature spores almost always 3-septate, very rarely 4−5-septate], guttulate, constricted at the septa only in K, smooth-walled, no perispore observed, overlapping uniseriate to biseriate in an . Conidiomata and vegetative hyphae not observed. Holotype − RUSSIA, Kola Peninsula, Fig. 3 − Cercidospora ochrolechiae (holotype). Exciple in surface view in K. Bar = 10 µm. Barents Sea coast, mouth of Olenka River, 69°02’N, 36°24’E, alt. 50 m, dwarf shrub- Substrate − thalli and apothecia of bryophyte-lichen tundra, on thallus of Ochro- Ochrolechia frigida, O. grimmiae, O. inaequa- lechia inaequatula, 6 Sep 1997, M. Zhurbenko tula (most collections on this host), O. upsa- 97386 (LE 261772). liensis and Pertusaria coriaceae (Pertusaria- Known distribution − European and les). Probably mild pathogen, as host tissues Asian parts of the Russian Arctic, where it is are sometimes slightly bleached under heavy rather widespread. infections.

214 Mycosphere

C. apiosporoides (Vouaux) Nav.-Ros., Hafellner & Calat., C. epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold, C. galligena Hafellner & Nav.-Ros., C. lecidomae, C. lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. & Calat., C. mutabilicola Calat., Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner ad int., C. solearispora Calat., Nav.- Ros. & Hafellner, C. thamnoliicola Ihlen, C. verrucosaria (Linds.) Arnold and C. wer- neri Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner (Calatayud & Barreno 1994, Ihlen 1995, Navarro-Rosines et al. 1996, 2004, 2009, Kukwa & Flakus 2009, Etayo 2010). Nine of these are specific to a particular host genus. No Cercidospora species has previously been reported on Ochrolechia, one species (C. anomala) was known on Pertusaria. However, the latter is clearly distinguished from Cercidospora Fig. 4 − Cercidospora ochrolechiae (holotype). ochrolechiae by its widely ellipsoid aseptate Asci with spores in I (left) and water (right). ascospores. Bar = 20 µm. Additional material examined − RUSSIA. Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Ledyanaya Gavan’ Bay, Sporyi Navolok Peninsula, 76°15’N, 68°05’E, polar desert, on Ochrolechia frigida, 1 Sep 1995, A. Kuliev (LE 261671). Central Siberia, Sibiryakova Is. in Enisei Gulf, Cape Severnyi, 73°04’N, 79°10’E, wet tundra, on O. inaequatula, 3 Aug 1989, V. Kuvaev (LE 261691). Central Siberia, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Bol’shevik Is. [all in polar desert]: Ostraya Mt., 79°11’N, 102°09’E, on O. inaequatula, 11 Jul 1996, M. Zhurbenko 961019 (LE 261621); Cape Baranova, 79°16’N, 101°40’E, on Pertusaria Fig. 5 − Cercidospora ochrolechiae (holotype). coriaceae, 12 Jul 1996, M. Zhurbenko 961021 Ascospores in water. Bar = 10 µm. (LE 261662); Ostantsovaya River, 79°13’N, 102°02’E, on O. inaequatula, 12 Jul 1996, M. Notes − Cercidospora species are Zhurbenko 961018 (LE 261571); M. mainly distinguished by the colour of the Zhurbenko 96880 (LE 232604); Mikoyana exciple, the number of ascospores per ascus, Bay coast, 79°18’N, 101°55’E, on P. size, shape and septation of the ascospore, and coriaceae, 21 Jul 1996, M. Zhurbenko 96874 host selection (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2009). (LE 232565); Akhmatova Bay coast, 79°04’N, Among the other Cercidospora species with 102°41−45’E, on O. inaequatula, 15 Jul 1996, mainly 3-septate ascospores C. ochrolechiae is M. Zhurbenko 961020 (LE 261651); 17 Jul most similar to C. cladoniicola Alstrup and C. 1996, M. Zhurbenko 96491 (LE 232162); on P. lecidomae Zhurb. & Triebel (Table 1). It is coriaceae, 17 Jul 1996, M. Zhurbenko 96864 noteworthy that ascospore characters of Cerci- (LE 232678); on O. upsaliensis, 18 Jul 1996, dospora lecidomae require further studies M. Zhurbenko 96527 (LE 261501); Antseva (Alstrup et al. 2008). Besides Cercidospora Cape, 78°13’N, 103°15’E, on terricolous ochrolechiae, Pertusariales hosts another 11 Ochrolechia sp., 9 Aug 1997, N. Matveeva species of the genus representing about ⅓ (LE 261661). Eastern Siberia, Lena River of its species diversity: C. anomala Etayo, delta, 3 km E of Krest- Tumsa Cape, 72°22’N,

215 Table 1 Synopsis of discriminant characters of Cercidospora species with mostly 3-septate ascospores (after Hafellner & Obermayer 1995, Ihlen 1995, Alstrup 1997, Zhurbenko & Triebel 2003, Ihlen & Wedin 2007, Alstrup et al. 2008, Kukwa & Flakus 2009, Zhurbenko 2009b, 2010, present publication).

Cercidospora Exciple colour Ascospores Ascospore size (µm) Ascospore Host genera species per ascus septa alpina Ihlen & green 8 (18–)19.5–33(–43) × 3–4(–7) Stereocaulon Wedin (4–)4.5–6.5(–7) cladoniicola olive-brown, olive- 8 (12–)14.5–18.5(–21) × (1–)3 Alstrup green [brown due (3.5–)4–5 [16–20 × 5– to: Alstrup 1997] 6 due to: Alstrup 1997] lecidomae Zhurb. emerald, glaucous (4−)8 (13–)15–18(–20) × 1−3 and (1– Lecidoma, & Triebel green (3.5–)4.5–5.5(–6) and )3(–5) Buellia, (18–)19.5–23(–25) × Thamnolia 5–7 ochrolechiae green, often with 8 (15–)17.5–21.5(–25) × (1–)3(−5) Ochrolechia, Zhurb. grey, blue or olive (4–)4.5–5.5(–6.5) Pertusaria hue soror Obermayer green, blue-green (2−)4 (13–)16–22(–26) × 5– (1–)3(–6) Arthrorhaphis & Triebel 6(–7) stereocaulorum blue-green, (2–)4(–8) (13–)18.5–25.5(–30) × (1–)3(–6) Stereocaulon (Arnold) Hafellner sometimes with (4–)5–7(–8) olive hue thamnoliicola Ihlen brown (4−)6 11–14(–16) × 4–6 (2−)3 Thamnolia

126°42’E, forb-Dryas-lichen-moss tundra, on Material of Cercidospora cladoniicola O. upsaliensis, 4 Aug 1998, M. Zhurbenko examined for comparison − RUSSIA, 98263 (LE 261591). Wrangel’ Is.: Wulfson Northern Ural, Yanypupuner Range, 62°05’N, Lagoon coast, 71°28’N, 178°13’W, on P. cf. 59°06’E, alt. 800 m, moss-lichen-dwarf-shrub coriaceae, 31 Aug 1998, S. Kholod (LE mountain tundra, on Cladonia portentosa, 3 261761); Krasnyi Flag River, 71°29’N, Jul 1997, M. Zhurbenko 97244 (LE 210226). 178°53’W, tundra, on Ochrolechia sp. SVALBARD, Bünsow Land, NE extremity of growing on mosses, 1 Sep 1997, S. Kholod Billefjorden near Kapp Napier, Norddammen (LE 232141); Tundra Akademii, 71°26’N, Lake, 78º38’N, 16º44’E, moist mossy tundra, 178°25’W, mossy tundra, on O. inaequatula, on Cladonia pocillum, 21 Jul 2003, M. 31 Aug 1998, S. Kholod (LE 261561); Zhurbenko 03243 (LE 261611); on C. Gusinaya River, 71°06’N, 179°23’E, tundra, symphycarpia, 21 Jul 2003, M. Zhurbenko on terricolous Ochrolechia sp., 31 Jul 1991, S. 03195 (LE 261631). Kholod (LE 261512). Chukchi Peninsula: Lavrentiya settlement, 65°35’N, 171°02’W, Epigloea soleiformis Döbbeler dwarf shrub tundra, on O. frigida, 9 Aug 1969, Notes − the species was previously anonymous collector (LE 261531); Inchoun known from Europe (Ukraine, Spain, Italy, settlement, 66°17’N, 170°17’W, tundra, on O. Austria, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands, grimmiae, 29 Jul 1975, I. Makarova (LE British Isles, Sweden, Norway, Iceland), North 261511); on P. cf. coriaceae (thallus), 4 Aug America, New Zealand and Subantarctic 1975, I. Makarova (LE 261521); Kolyu- (Marion Is.), growing on algal films over chinskaya Bay coast, Yuniveem River mouth, decomposing bryophytes, but also occasionally 66°40’N, 173°54’W, dwarf shrub-lichen-moss over lichens (Cladonia sp., Peltigera aphthosa), tundra, on O. inaequatula, 3 Aug 1980, A. humus, rotten wood and even rock (Döbbeler Katenin (LE 261742); Enurmino settlement, 1984, Purvis et al. 1992, Sérusiaux et al. 1999, 66°56’N, 171°49’W, tundra, on O. inae- Fryday 2000, Berger 2000, Buck & Harris quatula, 26 Jul 1972, I. Makarova (LE 2002, Santesson et al. 2004, van den Boom 261581). 2004, Khodosovtsev 2005, Pérez-Ortega & Barreno 2006). We found it on phyllocladia

216 Mycosphere and stems of Stereocaulon myriocarpum and S. paschale, which are sometimes slightly dis- coloured under infection. Traces of associated gelatinous algal covers were only sometimes observed. New to Asia and Russia. The species has been reported as “pyrenomycete 1” in the treatment of fungi growing on lichen genus Fig. 6 − Minutoexcipula tephromelae (LE Stereocaulon (Zhurbenko 2010). It is note- 261582). Conidia in water. Bar = 10 µm. worthy that ascospores are not exclusively 2- celled, as was stated in the protologue (thallus), 18 Jul 1972, I. Makarova (LE (Döbbeler 1984), but also occasionally simple. 261582). Material examined – RUSSIA. Altai Mts., Shinok River valley, 51°22’N, 84°37’E, alt. Phacopsis oroarcticae Zhurb. sp. nov. 1200 m, humid mixed forest, on Stereocaulon Figs 7–11 paschale, 22 Jul 1996, T. Lunke (LE 207731). MycoBank 518862 Western Sayan Mts., Kryzhina Range, Etymology – named after the host lichen headwaters of Belyi Kitat River, 53°59'N, species. 95°32'E, alt. 1500 m, mountain tundra, on S. Fungus lichenicola in thallis lichenis myriocarpum, 22 Jul 2009, M. Zhurbenko 0932 Brodoa oroarctica parasiticus. Similis speciei (LE 260271). Phacopsis doerfeltii, sed differt praecipue ascosporis majoribus, (11.5−)12.5−15.5(−17) × Minutoexcipula tephromelae V. Atienza, (6−)7−9(−10) µm, et hospite diverso. Etayo & Pérez-Ortega Apothecia circular from above, at the Notes − in the species protologue conidia beginning erumpent and plane to slightly were reported (0−)1-septate, 5−5.5−6(−7) × convex, finally superficial and often sub- (2.5−)3(−4) µm, l/b = 1.7−2, rounded at the globose, without proper margin, but when apex and truncate at the base (Atienza et al. erumpent sometimes surrounded by a rim of 2009). In the examined material conidia are elevated host tissues, 0.2−0.5 mm diam., (0−)1(−3)-septate (Fig. 6); (0−)1-septate coni- 0.2−0.3 mm tall, dark brown to almost black, dia are wider, (3.9−)5.1−5.7−6.3(−7.1) × (2.8−) slightly to markedly glossy, dispersed to 3.2−3.7−4.2(−5.8) µm, l/b = (1.0−)1.3−1.6− aggregated, sometimes concrescent by a few. 1.9(−2.4) (n = 103), 2−3-septate conidia are Epihymenium medium brown, 10−20 µm tall, longer and wider, (5.5−)5.8−7.3−8.8(−11) × covered by a hyaline gel layer 10−30 µm thick. (3.3−)3.5−3.9−4.3(−4.8) µm, l/b = (1.1−)1.3− Hymenium pale brown, 70−110 μm, I−. Hypo- 1.9−2.5(−3.1) (n = 11); additionally conidia are thecium dark brown, massive („cupulate”), only sometimes distinctly truncate at the base. 80−200 μm tall, pseudoparenchymatic through- In heavy infections the species causes slight out in cross section, of cells 8−15 µm diam. bleaching of the host tissues. Finding of 2−3- with walls 1−4 µm thick, I−, K+ getting septate conidia enlarges the generic concept of reddish hue. Marginal excipulum similar to Minutoexcipula, in which only 1-septate hypothecium, at later stages reduced and hardly conidia were formerly observed (Atienza & distinct from the latter. Paraphyses (3−)4−5 Hawksworth 1994, Hafellner 1994, Atienza (−6) µm diam., apices usually with dark brown 2002, Etayo & Sancho 2008, Atienza et al. pigmented caps, swollen, (4−)5−7(−8) μm 2009). The species has previously been known diam. Asci bitunicate, thick-walled, broadly from Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, the clavate to subpyriform, (60−)65−72−79(−85) × Netherlands (Diederich et al. 2009) and with (15−)20−25−30(−36) µm (n = 17), 8-spored, some uncertainty from Austria and is thus new outer wall layer I+ blue. Ascospores hyaline, to Asia and the Arctic. aseptate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, ends not Material examined − RUSSIA, Chukotka, attenuated, wall smooth, without an evident Puotena Bay, 65°50’ N, 170°32’ W, stony sheath, 0.5−1(−2) μm thick, not thickened at dwarf shrub tundra, on Tephromela atra ends, (11.5−)12.5−14−15.5(−17) × (6−)7−8−9-

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Fig. 10 − Phacopsis oroarcticae (holotype). Fig. 7 − Phacopsis oroarcticae (holotype). Ascospores in K. Bar = 10 µm. Habitus. Bar = 500 µm.

Fig. 11 − Phacopsis oroarcticae (holotype). Conidia in K. Bar = 5 µm.

dark brown, of 2−4 layers, 10−20 µm thick throughout. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, very Fig. 8 − Phacopsis oroarcticae (holotype). narrowly elliptic to occasionally almost Ascomata and conidiomata (right lower corner) bacilliform, with acute ends, (6.5−) in cross section in water. Bar = 100 µm. 10−12−14(−15) × 1.5−2−2.5 µm, l/b = (3.8−)4.9−5.9−6.9(−8.3) (n = 35). Holotype − RUSSIA, Central Siberia, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Bol’shevik Is., near Antseva Cape, 78º12’N, 103º17’E, stony polar desert, on lobes of Brodoa oroarctica, 16 July 2000, N. Matveeva (LE 261782). Known distribution − locality in the Siberian Arctic. Substrate − grows on lobes of Brodoa oroarctica, which are mostly bleached, swollen and sometimes contorted under infections. Notes − Phacopsis is a genus of obligate Fig. 9 − Phacopsis oroarcticae (holotype). lichenicolous fungi, formerly containing 13 Ascomata in cross section in K/I. Bar = 100 species growing on members of µm. s. ampl. (Triebel et al. 1995, Scholz 1998, Aptroot & Triebel 2002, Hawksworth & (−10) µm, l/b = (1.3−)1.6−1.8−2.0(−2.5) (n = Iturriaga 2006, Alstrup et al. 2009). Its species 67), with oil droplets, irregularly biseriate in are mainly distinguished by shape and size of the ascus. Pycnidia ovoid to ampulliform, the ascospores, pigmentation and amyloid immersed, 100−190 × 80−140 µm, wall pseu- reaction of hypothecium, and the host selection doparenchymatic in cross section, of thick- (Triebel et al. 1995). Six species are restricted walled cells similar to those of the hypocium, to a particular host genus, none has previously

218 Mycosphere been reported on Brodoa. Among Phacopsis species with dark brown, massive, nonamyloid hypothecium, P. oroarcticae is most similar to P. doerfeltii Alstrup & P. Scholz, P. letha- riellae Hafellner & Rambold and P. oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold var. fusca Triebel & Rambold. Phacopsis doerfeltii is yet reported from Canada (Quebec) and Greenland growing on centrifuga. Apart from host selection it mostly differs from Phacopsis oroarcticae by slightly smaller ascospores of 11−13(−16) × 7−8(−10) µm. Further dis- tinguishing characters might be smaller ascomata surrounded by a gall-rim formed by Fig. 12 − Polycoccum psorae (holotype). the host. Phacopsis lethariellae is only known Habitus. Bar = 200 µm. from the Canary Islands growing on Lethariella intricata. It has smaller ascospores of (10.5−)11−13(−14) × (5.5−)6−7-(−8) µm with more rounded ends, smaller asci of (38−)45−50 × (17−)20−24 µm and a basally nonpseudoparenchymatic hypothecium. Pha- copsis oxyspora var. fusca is a subcosmo- politan taxon with wide host range. It is clearly distinct from the new species by its longer and narrower ascospores of (14−)15.5−21(−24.5) × (5−)5.5−6.5(−7) µm with mostly attenuated Fig. 13 − Polycoccum psorae (holotype). ends, and smaller conidia of 5−6.5 × 0.5−1 µm. Ascospores in water. Bar = 10 µm.

Polycoccum psorae Zhurb. & Triebel sp. nov. Hymenial gelatine I−. Ascospores olive-brown, Figs 12, 13 narrowly obovate with somewhat narrower MycoBank 518863 lower cell, occasionally narrowly ovate, (0−)1- Etymology – named after the septate, mostly constricted at the septum, synonymous host lichen genus. (13−)15.5−18.5−21.5(−29) × (6.5−)7.5−8.5− Fungus lichenicola in thallis lichenum 9.5(−14) µm, l/b = (1.5−)1.8−2.2−2.6(−3.2) (n generis Anamylopsora crescit. Differt a speciei = 54), distinct halo not observed, markedly Polycoccum trypethelioides ascosporibus verruculose, mostly biseriate in an ascus. longioribus (13−)15.5−21.5(−29) × (6.5−)7.5− Conidiomata not observed. 9.5(−14) µm magnis, defectu cecidiorum et Holotype − KIRGIZSTAN, Central hospite diverso. Tian’-Shan’ Mts., southern coast of Issyk-Kul’ Ascomata perithecioid, black, subglobose Lake, 20 km W of Aksai settlement, 42°10’N, to pyriform, usually slightly truncated above 76°35’E, alt. 2000 m, in Artemisia-Salsola and flattened below, 125−250 µm diam., with dominated community, on squamules of distinct ostiole 25−50 µm diam., ¾ immersed Anamylopsora pulcherrima, 20 Jul 1970, L. to almost sessile. Peridium brown throughout, Bredkina 625 (LE 261642). in surface view recalling textura angularis, Known distribution − type locality in 10−15 µm thick, in vertical section composed Central Asia. of 3−5 layers of thick-walled, radially Substrate − grows on lateral parts of compressed cells. Asci bitunicate, broadly squamules of Anamylopsora pulcherrima (syn. cylindrical to narrowly ovate, ca. 60−80 × Psora undulata (H. Magn.) Bredkina). 18−23 µm, 8-spored, wall I−, ascoplast I+ Pathogenicity not observed. brownish orange. Interascal filaments per- Notes − No Polycoccum species has sistent, septate, branched, 1.5−2.5 µm diam. previously been known growing on species of

219 Anamylopsora or Psora. Among the known 8- Alstrup V, Grube M, Motiejūnaitė J, Nordin A, spored Polycoccum species, P. psorae is most Zhurbenko M. 2008 − Lichenicolous similar by its ascospore size to P. cladoniae fungi from the Skibotn area, Troms, [spores 13.5−16.5 × 6.5−8 µm, grows on Norway. Graphis Scripta 20, 1–8. Cladonia], P. decolorans Calat. & Triebel Alstrup V, Kocourková J, Kukwa M, [spores (16−)18−22 × 6−8 µm, on Immersaria], Motiejūnaitė J, von Brackel W, Suija A. P. evae Calat. & V.J. Rico [spores 2009 − The lichens and lichenicolous (17−)18−23(−25) × (6−)7−10(−11) µm, on fungi of South Greenland. Folia Cryptog. Dimelaena], P. pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant Estonica 46, 1–24. [spores (14−)18−21(−23) × (6−)7.5−8.5(−9) Aptroot A, Triebel D. 2002 − A new Phacopsis µm, on Physcia], P. superficiale D. Hawksw. species on Paraparmelia and Xantho- & Miądl. [spores 15.5−19 × 6−6.5 µm, on parmelia in southern Africa. Nova Peltigera], P. trypethelioides [spores (12–)15– Hedwigia 74, 405−409. 19(–22.5) × (7–)8.5–10.5(–12.5) μm, on Atienza V. 2002 − Two new species of Stereocaulon], and P. vermicularium (Linds.) Minutoexcipula (mitosporic fungi) from D. Hawksw. [spores 14–18 × 7–9 μm, on Spain. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 82, Thamnolia] (Vězda 1969, Hawksworth & 141−152. Diederich 1988, Calatayud & Rico 1995, Atienza V, Calatayud V, Hawksworth D. 2003 Hawksworth & Miadlikowska 1997, Calatayud − Notes on the genus Polycoccum & Rambold 1998, Atienza et al. 2003, (Ascomycota, Dacampiaceae) in Spain, Zhurbenko 2010). All these species differ from with a key to the species. Lichenologist Polycoccum psorae by their host genera. 35, 125−135. Polycoccum cladoniae is also distinguished Atienza V, Hawksworth DL. 1994 − from the new species by its smaller ascospores Minutoexcipula tuckerae gen. et sp. nov., with more or less equal cells and distinct a new lichenicolous deuteromycete on pathogenicity; P. decolorans has smaller Pertusaria texana in the United States. ascomata of 75−150 µm diam., narrower Mycological Research 98, 587−592. ascospores and causes bleaching of host tissues; Atienza V, Pérez-Ortega S, Etayo J. 2009 − P. evae has immersed ascomata with only the Two new conidial lichenicolous fungi ostiolar area visible and ascospores usually from Spain indicate the distinction of with a distinct gelatinous sheath; P. pulvinatum Lichenodiplis and Minutoexcipula. and P. trypethelioides induce bullate galls in Lichenologist 41, 223−229. the host thalli, the latter species has also Berger F. 2000 − Beitrag zur Kenntnis der ascospores with markedly unequal cells; P. Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands. superficiale has superficial ascomata and Acta Botanica Islandica 13, 69−82. smaller spores; P. vermicularium has much Buck WR, Harris RC. 2002. − Epigloea smaller ascomata up to 100 µm diam. and (Epigloeaceae) new to North America. smaller spores. Evansia 19, 83−84. Calatayud V, Barreno E. 1994 − Contribution Acknowledgements to the lichen floristics of eastern Spain - I. Peter Döbbeler is thanked for comments Silicicolous lichens and their lichenico- on geography of Epigloea soleiformis, Einar lous fungi of Serra d'Espadà (Castelló). Timdal for comments on Anamylopsora Cryptogamie, Bryologie-Lichénologie 15, pulcherrima synonymy and Nadezhda 23−41. Matveeva for providing lichen collections from Calatayud V, Rambold G. 1998 − Two new Severnaya Zemlya. species of the lichen genus Immersaria (Porpidiaceae). Lichenologist 30, References 231−244. Calatayud V, Rico VJ. 1995 − Polycoccum Alstrup V. 1997 − New lichenicolous fungi evae (Dothideales), a new lichenicolous found on the NLF meeting in Norway. fungus on . Myco- Graphis Scripta 8, 25−29. taxon 53, 29−32.

220 Mycosphere

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