DOCSLIB.ORG

A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservat Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2019 Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka Cynthia Castaldo-Walsh Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Philosophy Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Cynthia Castaldo-Walsh. 2019. Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (134) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/134. This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka by Cynthia Castaldo-Walsh A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2019 Copyright © by Cynthia Castaldo-Walsh July 2019 Dedication I dedicate this journey to my sweet son, Paxton. You have both challenged and inspired me to look at life differently. You are a wise and compassionate soul beyond your years and a great source of hope for the future. May you always see and be guided by the connections that bind all living beings on Earth. I would also like to dedicate this journey to all who inhabit this world, humans and nonhuman animals alike. May we all continue to strive for peace, prosperity, and happiness individually and collectively. Finally, I would like to dedicate this journey to Voortrekker, the mighty and legendary bull elephant of the Namib who sadly lost his life to a trophy hunter just as this study was ending. May your legacy live on through your stories, the seeds you planted, and the passion you ignited. May your death not be in vain. Acknowledgments First, I would like to acknowledge my family for their unwavering support throughout this journey. To my husband, DJ, thank you for always encouraging me and being there when I could not be. Your patience, love, and commitment to our family are appreciated more than you will ever know. To Paxton, your hugs, kisses, and words of encouragement kept me going. I cannot wait to make up for all the missed days. Get your bucket list ready! I love you both. Thank you to my family who supported and encouraged me from afar. I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Ismael Muvingi, and committee members, Dr. Elena Bastidas and Dr. Robin Cooper. Without your patience, guidance, and support this would not have been possible. You have all played a major part in helping me get to where I am today, and for that I am eternally grateful. Thank you to my DCRS colleagues who have both inspired and encouraged me throughout this long journey. I am thankful for such amazing comrades. Rebecca Jean Allison, I appreciate your time, positive sentiments, and keen eye at the end. To my colleagues and friends at Decision Information Resources – thank you. I am so appreciative of your willingness to step in when I needed to step out. Your support and kindness have not gone unnoticed. A special thank you to Dr. Sylvia Epps and Dr. Russell Jackson for always challenging me to be a better researcher and providing ongoing opportunities for personal and professional growth, as well as providing the flexibility and support needed to get through this process. A very special thank you goes out to Elephant Human Relations Aid (EHRA) and the Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society (SLWCS) for your support of this research and your commitment to creating a more peaceful world for all beings. I highly respect your dedication to the conservation of species and wild places, as well as the boundless energy spent on fostering positive relationships between humans and elephants. At EHRA, I would like to especially acknowledge Rachel Harris, Christophe Pitot, and Markus Shiweda for their guidance, assistance, and good will. Andreas, Mattias Sr., Mattias Jr., Christin, Adolf, and Victro, you all contributed greatly in many ways to my time in Namibia and for that I am forever grateful. At SLWCS, I would like to specifically acknowledge Chandima Fernando for being so amazingly supportive of my research and contributing his knowledge and expertise continuously and without question. Chinthaka Weerasinghe, Akila Weerakoon, Indika Sampath, Siriya, Asitha, Sarath, Vijay, Gamini, Swarna, and Leela – I am beyond appreciative for all that you do on a daily basis and for the many ways you contributed to making my time in Sri Lanka meaningful and productive. To Ravi Corea, I have not [yet] had the opportunity to meet you in person, but you are a true inspiration and champion for all who inhabit this amazing world. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ........................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ............................................................................... 1 Background of the Problem ....................................................................................... 2 Namibia ................................................................................................................. 5 Sri Lanka ............................................................................................................... 8 Theoretical and Methodological Foundation ........................................................... 11 Problem Statement ................................................................................................... 13 Rationale for the Study ............................................................................................ 14 Statement of Research Purpose ................................................................................ 16 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................... 17 Summary .................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 19 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 19 More-Than-Human Paradigm: Theoretical Perspectives, Conceptual Frameworks, Methodological Considerations ......................................................... 21 Posthumanism ..................................................................................................... 21 Multispecies Research ........................................................................................ 22 Human-Animal Interaction Research ................................................................. 27 Ethnoelephantology ............................................................................................ 29 More-than-Human Considerations in Conflict Studies ....................................... 30 i Human-Wild Elephant-Conservation Nexus ........................................................... 32 Reframing the Human-Elephant Relationship .................................................... 32 Anthropocentric-Ecocentric Conservation .......................................................... 33 Moving the Needle: Conflict to Coexistence ...................................................... 36 Chapter 3: Methodology ............................................................................................... 38 Research Design ....................................................................................................... 38 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 40 Case Selection .......................................................................................................... 41 Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 44 Sampling, Gaining Access, and Recruitment ..................................................... 45 Participant Observation ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Are Illegal Direct Actions by Animal Rights Activists Ethically Vigilante?
    260 BETWEEN THE SPECIES Is the Radical Animal Rights Movement Ethically Vigilante? ABSTRACT Following contentious debates around the status and justifiability of illegal direct actions by animal rights activists, we introduce a here- tofore unexplored perspective that argues they are neither terrorist nor civilly disobedient but ethically vigilante. Radical animal rights movement (RARM) activists are vigilantes for vulnerable animals and their rights. Hence, draconian measures by the constitutional state against RARM vigilantes are both disproportionate and ille- gitimate. The state owes standing and toleration to such principled vigilantes, even though they are self-avowed anarchists and anti-stat- ists—unlike civil disobedients—repudiating allegiance to the con- stitutional order. This requires the state to acknowledge the ethical nature of challenges to its present regime of toleration, which assigns special standing to illegal actions in defense of human equality, but not equality and justice between humans and animals. Michael Allen East Tennessee State University Erica von Essen Environmental Communications Division Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Volume 22, Issue 1 Fall 2018 http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bts/ 261 Michael Allen and Erica von Essen Introduction We explore the normative status of illegal actions under- taken by the Radical Animal Rights Movement (RARM), such as animal rescue, trespass, and sabotage as well as confronta- tion and intimidation. RARM typically characterizes these ac- tions as examples of direct action rather than civil disobedience (Milligan 2015, Pellow 2014). Moreover, many RARM activ- ists position themselves as politically anarchist, anti-statist, and anti-capitalist (Best 2014, Pellow 2014). Indeed, the US and UK take these self-presentations at face value, responding to RARM by introducing increasingly draconian legislation that treats them as terrorists (Best 2014, McCausland, O’Sullivan and Brenton 2013, O’Sullivan 2011, Pellow 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Impacts on Free-Living Nonhuman Animals
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Redfame Publishing: E-Journals Studies in Media and Communication Vol. 7, No. 1; June 2019 ISSN: 2325-8071 E-ISSN: 2325-808X Published by Redfame Publishing URL: http://smc.redfame.com Climate Change Impacts on Free-Living Nonhuman Animals. Challenges for Media and Communication Ethics Núria Almiron1, Catia Faria2 1Department of Communication, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Roc Boronat, 138 08018 Barcelona, Spain 2Centro de Ética, Política e Sociedade, ILCH, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Correspondence: Núria Almiron, Department of Communication, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Roc Boronat, 138 08018 Barcelona, Spain. Received: April 21, 2019 Accepted: May 21, 2019 Online Published: May 29, 2019 doi:10.11114/smc.v7i1.4305 URL: https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v7i1.4305 Abstract The mainstream discussion regarding climate change in politics, public opinion and the media has focused almost exclusively on preventing the harms humans suffer due to global warming. Yet climate change is already having an impact on free-living nonhumans, which raises unexplored ethical concerns from a nondiscriminatory point of view. This paper discusses the inherent ethical challenge of climate change impacts on nonhuman animals living in nature and argues that the media and communication ethics cannot avoid addressing the issue. The paper further argues that media ethics needs to mirror animal ethics by rejecting moral anthropocentrism. Keywords: media ethics, egalitarianism, climate change, wildlife, anthropocentrism 1. Introduction Since evidence of climate change was brought to light by the first Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1990, concerns regarding the issue have focused almost exclusively on preventing the harm humans suffer due to global warming.
    [Show full text]
  • Anth Rozoo Logy
    Anth rozoo logy TIlE NE\V SCIENCE OF HU\IAN-ANIi\IAL I N I ER ACTIONS Our failure to study our relationships with other animals has occurred for many reasons.. .. Much of it can be boiled down to two rather unattractive human qualities: arrogance and ignorance. —CLIFTON FLYNN The thirty-minute drive from the Kansas City airport to the conference hotel was much more interesting than the three-hour flight from North Carolina. I had flow n in for the annual meeting of the International Soci— ety of Anthro7oologv. I found myself sharing a ride with a woman named Layla Esposito, a social psychologist who tells me she recentk completed her Phi) dissertation on bullying among middle school children. Puziled. I ask her wh she was attending a meeting on the relationships between people and animals. She tells me that she is a program director at the i\a tional Institute of Child Health and Human Development. She is at the conference to let researchers know about a new federal grant program that will fund research on the effects that animals ha’e on human health and well-being. The money is coming from the National Institutes of Health SOME WE LOVE, SOME WE HATE, SOME WE EAT ANTHROZOOLOGY (NIH) and Mars, the corporate giant that makes Snickers for me and human-animal interactions is that for many’ of Tempting Tuna Treats for my cat, Tilly. NIFI is particularly interested them the topic seems triv ial. This attitude is wrong-headed, Understanding the psychology in the impact of pets on children: Is pet therapy an effective treatment lying our under attitudes and behaviors toward for autism? other species is ‘What role does oxytocin (the so-called love hormone) play in several reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH
    NUMBER 46 2017 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 46 (2017) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which everyone concerned with the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), whether members of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group or not, can communicate their research results, experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. Editor Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Centre for Conservation and Research 26/7 C2 Road, Kodigahawewa Julpallama, Tissamaharama Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando School of Geography Centre for Conservation and Research University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus 26/7 C2 Road, Kodigahawewa Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Kajang, Selangor Julpallama, Tissamaharama Malaysia Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Varun R. Goswami Heidi Riddle Wildlife Conservation Society Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 551, 7th Main Road P.O. Box 715 Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, 2nd Phase, Kodigehall Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 Bengaluru - 560 097 USA India e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. T. N. C. Vidya
    [Show full text]
  • How Scary Are the Mental Health Risks of Vegetarianism? Harold Herzog, Animal Studies Repository
    The Animal Studies Repository From the SelectedWorks of Harold Herzog, Ph.D. December 15, 2015 How Scary Are the Mental Health Risks of Vegetarianism? Harold Herzog, Animal Studies Repository Available at: https://works.bepress.com/harold-herzog/84/ Hal Herzog, Ph.D., Animals and Us How Scary Are the Mental Health Risks of Vegetarianism? How strong is the link between vegetarianism and mental illness? Posted Dec 15, 2015 A headline in Women’s Health Magazine recently caught my attention: “The Scary Mental Health Risks of Going Meatless.” The headline made it sound like replacing the bacon and prime rib in your diet with tofu and seitan will make you mentally ill. I have previously written about the link between vegetarianism and eating disorders. But I’ve never argued that giving up animal flesh causes emotional problems, so I decided to check out the major study the headline was based on. What I found illustrates why you should not get your science news from flashy headlines and the problem of link-think in anthrozoology (the study of human-animal relationships). The claim that going veg can make you crazy was based on a 2012 study which appeared in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. The research team, led by German psychologist Johannes Michalak, reanalyzed data from a 2002 epidemiological study that examined the physical and mental health of a large randomly selected sample of German adults. A few studies have linked vegetarianism to poor mental health and one study found vegetarians were psychologically better off than meat eaters.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Report-2010-English
    1 2 List of Tables Page Table 1.1: Special Project Proposals Qualified for Funding 5 Table 1.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities in 2010. 6 Table 2.1: Rehabilitation and Construction of Water Bodies in 2010 7 Table 2.2: Rehabilitation of PA Road Network in 2010 8 Table 2.3: Survey and Demarcation of Protected Area Boundaries in 2010. 9 Table 2.4: Sign Boards Established in 2010 10 Table 2.5: Management of Grasslands in Wildlife Regions in 2010 11 Table 2.6: Removal of Invasive Species in 2010 11 Table 2.7: Maintenance of Fire Belts in 2010 11 Table 2.8: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Moragahakanda Project in 2010 12 Table 2.9: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Weheragala Project in 2010 12 Table 3.1: Number of Cases Prosecuted in 2010 14 Table 3.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities for 2010 15 Table 4.1: Regional Distribution of Elephant Deaths from 2006-2010 16 Table 4.2: Regional Distribution of Human Deaths 17 Table 4.3: Regional Distribution of Injuries to Human due to Elephant Attacks (2006-2010) 18 Table 4.4: Regional Distribution of Property Damages (2006-2010) 19 Table 4.5: New Electric Fences erected in 2010 21 Table 4.6: Procurement of Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.7: Distribution of the Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.8: Compensation Paid in 2010 22 Table 4.9: Capture and Translocation of Elephants in 2010 23 Table 4.10: Elephant Drives in 2010 24 Table 4.11: Gajamithuro Project – Progress in 2010 24 Table 5.1: Research Studies Undertaken by DWC Staff in 2010 26 Table 5.2: Collaborative Research Projects for 2010 27 Table 5.3: Short-term Special Training Programmes Conducted for Wildlife Officers in 2010 29 Table 5.4 : Regular Training Programmes Conducted at NWTRC in 2010 30 Table 5.5 Awareness programmes conducted by NWTRC 31 Table 5.6 Financial Progress of NWTRC 31 Table 5.7: Foreign Training Programmes Participated by Wildlife Officers in 2010 32 Table 5.8: Seminars, Exhibitions and Awareness Programmes Conducted in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Anthrozoology?
    WHAT IS ANTHROZOOLOGY? This lesson plan was developed from an anthrozoological perspective. Anthrozoology is a study that focuses on the many and varied ways in which humans perceive, engage, compete and co-exist with non-human animals. In order to understand our complex relationship with animals we humans share space with, anthrozoology takes an inter- disciplinary approach to human-animal interactions by gathering information from anthropology, sociology, human geography, ethnozoology, biology, psychology, law, philosophy and veterinary medicine, behavioural science and history. If you are interested in learning more about anthrozoology and how it adds to our understanding of human-animal interactions, the following book is a good starting point: Humans and Other Animals Cross-Cultural Perspective on Human-Animal Interactions by Samantha Hurn. LESSON PLAN FOR ELEPHANATICS (for grade 10 to grade 12 students) General questions about animals and how the students think about animals in general: 1. Is a human an animal? 2. Are insects, fish, rodents or reptiles animals – if not what are they? 3. What do you think culture is? 4. How does culture effect our relationship with animals? Questions about elephants: 1. A sentient being is something that feels and expresses emotions. Do you think elephants are sentient beings? 2. What characteristics would you expect an elephant to display? 3. List the ways elephants interact with humans. 4. With each interaction between humans and animals, list the pros and cons of that interaction for elephants and humans. How Elephants interact with Pros for Cons for Humans Elephants Elephants Pros for Humans Cons for Humans Tourism: tourist ride on elephants Hunting as a trophy and/or ivory Zoos Circus Logging 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Elephants Now Endangered by Poaching, Habitat Loss 25 March 2021, by Farai Mutsaka and Mogmotsi Magome
    Africa's elephants now endangered by poaching, habitat loss 25 March 2021, by Farai Mutsaka and Mogmotsi Magome Africa currently has 415,000 elephants, counting the forest and savanna elephants together, according to the IUCN. The savanna elephants prefer more open plains and are found in various habitats across sub- Saharan Africa, with Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe having high concentrations. The African forest elephants—smaller in size—mostly occupy the tropical forests of West and Central Africa, with the largest remaining populations found in Gabon and Republic of Congo. In Gabon, the fight against elephant poaching "is more than just fighting for nature. It's fighting for the A Savanna elephant is photographed in Kruger National stability of our country," Lee White, Gabon's Park, South Africa, in this March 4, 2020 file photo. minister of water and forests, told The Associated Increasing threats of poaching and loss of habitat have Press. made Africa's elephant populations more endangered, according to a report released Thursday March 25, 2021, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay, File) Increasing threats of poaching and loss of habitat have made Africa's elephant populations more endangered, according to a report released Thursday by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The African forest elephant is critically endangered, and the African savanna elephant is endangered. The two species had previously been grouped together as a single species and were classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. A desert elephant is photographed in the Kaokoland near Puros, northern Namibia, in Kruger National Park, South Africa, in this Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scope of the Argument from Species Overlap
    bs_bs_banner Journal of Applied Philosophy,Vol.31, No. 2, 2014 doi: 10.1111/japp.12051 The Scope of the Argument from Species Overlap OSCAR HORTA ABSTRACT The argument from species overlap has been widely used in the literature on animal ethics and speciesism. However, there has been much confusion regarding what the argument proves and what it does not prove, and regarding the views it challenges.This article intends to clarify these confusions, and to show that the name most often used for this argument (‘the argument from marginal cases’) reflects and reinforces these misunderstandings.The article claims that the argument questions not only those defences of anthropocentrism that appeal to capacities believed to be typically human, but also those that appeal to special relations between humans. This means the scope of the argument is far wider than has been thought thus far. Finally, the article claims that, even if the argument cannot prove by itself that we should not disregard the interests of nonhuman animals, it provides us with strong reasons to do so, since the argument does prove that no defence of anthropocentrism appealing to non-definitional and testable criteria succeeds. 1. Introduction The argument from species overlap, which has also been called — misleadingly, I will argue — the argument from marginal cases, points out that the criteria that are com- monly used to deprive nonhuman animals of moral consideration fail to draw a line between human beings and other sentient animals, since there are also humans who fail to satisfy them.1 This argument has been widely used in the literature on animal ethics for two purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Most Vegetarians Go Back to Eating Meat?
    Published on Psychology Today (http://www.psychologytoday.com) Why Do Most Vegetarians Go Back To Eating Meat? By Hal Herzog, Ph.D. Created Jun 20 2011 - 3:23pm I am interviewing Staci Giani who is forty-one but looks ten years younger. Raised in the Connecticut suburbs, she now lives with her partner Gregory in a self-sustaining eco-community deep in the mountains twenty minutes north of Old Fort, North Carolina. Staci radiates strength, and when she talks about food, she gets excited and seems to glow. She is Italian-American, attractive, and you want to smile when you talk to her. She tells me that she and Gregory built their own house, even cutting the timber and milling the logs. I think to myself, "This woman could kick my ass." Staci wasn't always so fit. In her early 30's, Staci's health started going downhill. After twelve years of strict vegetarianism, she began to suffer from anemia and chronic fatigue syndrome, and she experienced stomach pains for two hours after every meal. "I was completely debilitated," she tells me. "Then I changed the way I ate." "Tell me about your diet now. What did you have for breakfast today?" I ask. "A half pint of raw beef liver," she says. * * * Ok....Staci is a bit extreme in her carnivory -- these days she prefers her meat raw, and she eats a lot of it. But the transformation from hard-core vegetarian to meat-eater that Staci illustrates is surprisingly common. Indeed, according to a 2005 survey by CBS News, three times as many American adults admit to being "ex-vegetarians" than describe themselves as current vegetarians.
    [Show full text]
  • Living with Animals Conference Co-Organized by Robert W. Mitchell, Radhika N
    Living with Animals Conference Co-organized by Robert W. Mitchell, Radhika N. Makecha, & Michał Piotr Pręgowski Eastern Kentucky University, 19-21 March 2015 Cover design: Kasey L. Morris Conference overview Each day begins with a keynote speaker, and follows with two tracks (in separate locations) that will run concurrently. Breakfast foods and coffee/tea/water will be available prior to the morning keynotes. Coffee breaks (i.e., snacks and coffee/tea/water) are scheduled between sequential groups of talks. Thus, for example, if one session is from 9:05-10:15, and the next session is 10:40-11:40, there is a coffee break from 10:15-10:40. Drinks and edibles should be visible at or near the entry to the rooms where talks are held. Book display: Throughout the conference in Library Room 201, there is a book display. Several university presses have generously provided books for your perusal (as well as order sheets), and some conference participants will be displaying their books as well. Thursday features the “Living with Horses” sessions, as well as concurrent sessions, and has an optional (pre-paid) trip to Berea for shopping and dinner at the Historic Boone Tavern Restaurant. Friday features the “Teaching with Animals” sessions throughout the morning and early afternoon (which includes a boxed lunch during panel discussions and a movie showing and discussion); “Living with Animals” sessions continuing in the late afternoon, and a Conference Dinner at Masala Indian restaurant. Saturday includes “Living with Animals” sessions throughout the day and Poster Presentations during a buffet lunch. In addition, there is the optional trip to the White Hall State Historic Site (you pay when you arrive at the site).
    [Show full text]
  • Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030
    POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018-2030 VOLUME I Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 i Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN VOLUME I BACKGROUND INFORMATION/ PLANNING PROCESS/ DETAIL ANALYSIS /PLANNING FRAMEWORK/ THE PLAN Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 ii Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Report title : Polonnaruwa Development Plan Locational Boundary (Declared area) : Polonnaruwa MC (18 GN) and Part of Polonnaruwa PS(15 GN) Gazette No : Client/ Stakeholder (shortly) : Local Residents, Relevent Institutions and Commuters Commuters : Submission date :15.12.2018 Document status (Final) & Date of issued: Author UDA Polonnaruwa District Office Document Submission Details Version No Details Date of Submission Approved for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the party
    [Show full text]