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Some Selected Malay Forms of Mythologies: an Islamic Perspective

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Some Selected Malay Forms of Mythologies: an Islamic Perspective SOME SELECTED MALAY FORMS OF MYTHOLOGIES: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE BY SURIYATI BT HAMZAH INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 2007 SOME SELECTED MALAY FORMS OF MYTHOLOGIES: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE BY SURIYATI BT HAMZAH A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed knowledge and Heritage (Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion) Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia JANUARY 2007 ABSTRACT This study attempts to examine the concept of myth in the Malay society. Generally, this study expounds the overview of myth in terms of its definition and its characteristics. In particular, it explores the mythical elements in the life of the Malays that include the belief in the existence of spirits, the practice of magical charms and incantations, and the observance of taboos in the two selected myths that cover “Wayang Kulit” (shadow-play) and “Upacara memuja semangat padi” (worshipping the paddy spirit ceremony). This study will use library and field research. Moreover, this study aspires to open a new dimension in the Malay society to realize the notion of myth and how it has influenced the life of the Malays since ancient times. This study hopes to provide an explanation to the impact of myth on the Malay society before and after the arrival of Islam. Therefore, this study will evaluate the Malay myths from the Islamic perspective. Towards this end, this study will delineate the history of some Malay myths in terms of their origin and historical beginning and will find out how much the practice of Islam in the Malay society in Malaysia is affected by its pre-Islamic cultural beliefs. ii ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺤﺎول هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰي, وﺑﺼﻮرة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﺡﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﺮیﻔﻬﺎ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎ, وﺑﺼﻮرة ﺧﺎﺹﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺹﺮ اﻷﺳﻄﻮریﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺡﻴﺎة اﻟﻤﻼیﻮیﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﻮﺝﻮد اﻷرواح, ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻮیﺬات واﻟﺘﻤﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺴﺤﺮیﺔ واﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ إﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرات اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ "وایﻨﺞ آﻮﻟﻴﺖ" واﺡﺘﻔﺎﻻت اﻷرز "اوﻓﺎﺝﺎرا ﻣﻤﻮﺝﺎ ﺳﻤﺎﻏﺎت ﻓﺎدي". ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ. وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ, ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺢ أﺑﻌﺎد ﺝﺪیﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻼیﻮي ﻹدراك ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة وآﻴﻒ أﻧﻬﺎ أﺛﺮت ﻓﻲ ﺡﻴﺎة اﻟﻤﻼیﻮیﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪیﻤﺔ. وﺗﺄﻣﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ أن ﺗﻘﺪم ﺷﺮﺡﺎ ﺡﻮل أﺛﺮ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻼیﻮي ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ دﺧﻮل اﻹﺳﻼم ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ, ﻓﺈن هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺳﺘﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﻮیﻢ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ, وﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ هﺬا اﻟﻬﺪف, ﻓﺈن اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺳﺘﺤﺪد ﺗﺎریﺦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻼیﻮیﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺡﻴﺚ أﺹﻮﻟﻬﺎ وﺑﺪایﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺎریﺨﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺝﻞ إﺳﺘﺠﻼء إﻟﻰ أي ﻣﺪى ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻹﺳﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻼیﻮي ﺑﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰیﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ آﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﺳﻼم. iii APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion). __________________________ Wan Sabri Wan Yusof Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion). ___________________________ Noor Azlan Mohd Noor Examiner This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion and is accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion). ___________________________ Anis Malik Thoha Head, Department of Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion This dissertation was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences and is accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion). ___________________________ Hazizan Md. Noon Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigations, except where other wise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Suriyati Bt. Hamzah Signature…………………………. Date…………………… v INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH Copyright © 2007 by Suriyati Bt. Hamzah. All rights reserved. SOME SELECTED MALAY FORMS OF MYTHOLOGIES: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE. No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording or other wise without prior permission of the copyright holder except as provided below. 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may only be used by others in their writings with due electronic acknowledgement. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM Library will have to right to make, store in a retrieval system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other university or research libraries. Affirmed by Suriyati Bt. Hamzah ------------------------------------- ------------------- Signature Date vi In the name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful. Specially dedicated to my beloved parents, siblings, family and friends as they are my inspirations for success. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, Most Gracious and Most Compassionate. All praise be to Allah S.W.T and peace be upon his messenger, Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h), and upon his family and his companions and upon his true followers. Thank God, because of his mercy and blessing, I am able to complete this dissertation successfully. Through this special space, I would like to express my deepest gratitude for those who have involved in making this dissertation a reality. First of all, I would like to express my heartiest thanks to my supervisor, Asst. Prof. Dr. Wan Sabri Wan Yusof for his continuous supports, patience, and useful advice in supervising this dissertation writing. Special appreciation also to Dr. Noor Azlan Mohd Noor as the second reader and examiner of this dissertation, Dr. Anis Malik Thoha as the Head of Department of Usul al- Din and Comparative Religion, Dr. Hazizan Md. Noon as the Dean of Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage, and other individuals of their untold contribution in completing this dissertation. I would like to take this opportunity to record my endless love to my beloved parents, Haji Hamzah b. Senik and Hajjah Azizah bt. Senik who have done a lot of sacrifices in terms of material and spiritual. Special thanks also dedicated to all of my beloved siblings; Nor Azinawati, Rosmawati, Mazlan, Yuhanis, Suridah, Mazri, Marzuki, and Muhammad Nadzim for their support, commitment and understanding. Last but not least, I would like to express my special gratitude to Puan Hasmawati bt. Ismail for editing my dissertation. Finally, special thanks go to all my colleagues and friends for their help and support. Indeed, all of you have proved to me the reality of a phrase; “What’s friends are for?” in my life. viii TRANSLITERATION TABLE Consonants t ط b ﺐ z ظ t ﺖ ‘ ع th ﺚ gh غ j ج f ف h ح q ق kh خ k ك d د l ل dh ذ m م r ر n ن z ز h ﻩ s س w و sh ش ’ ѕ ۶ ص y ي d ض Short Vowels Long Vowels a _َ+ ا a َ__ i _+ يِ I __ ِ ِ u _ُ_+ وْ U ___ُ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................................................................... ii Abstract in Arabic ...................................................................................................... iii Approval page ............................................................................................................ iv Declaration ................................................................................................................. v Copy right page .......................................................................................................... vi Dedication .................................................................................................................. vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ ..viii Transliteration ............................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................................................................... 2 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ..................................................................... 2 1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 3 1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO: MALAY MYTHOLOGY ........................................................... 15 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 15 2.2 THE STUDY
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