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History of Islam | Kalamullah.Com The History of Islam (Volume Two) By Akbar Shah Najeebabadi Revised by Safi-ur-Rahman Mubaralpuri Edited by Abdul Rahman Abdullah Formerly Raymond J. Manderola Fordham University, USA and Muhammad Tahir Salafi DDARUSSALAMjffi� DARUSSALAMGLOBAL LEADER IN ISLAMIC BOOKS Riyadh • Jeddah • Sharjah • Lahore London • Houston • New York In the Name of Allah the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful Publishers Note We are presenting before you the second volume of the book History of Islam. This book was originally written in the Urdu language in 1922 (1343 AH) by Akbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi. This was the time about 25 years before the partition of Indian Subcontinent into Pakistan and India. For the purpose of brevity, the compiler has presented the authentic events in concise form from the famous histories of Islam written in the Arabic and Persian languages by the great Muslim historians like Tabari, Ibn Athir, Mas'udi, Abul-Fida', Ibn Khaldun and Suyuti, apart from getting benefited from the authentic books of Ahadith for the compilation of the part about the biography of the Prophet Muhammad ~- So, this compilation is actually the extract of the works of the famous Muslim historians. First volume of this book was heartily greeted by the readers. Now we are proud to present the second volume. In the first volume, starting with the introduction of the history as a subject, the country, people and conditions of Arabia prior to the advent of Islam were discusse-l, and an account of the life of Prophet Muhammad ~ was presentl d including the hardships and opposition he faced while propagati1;g the message of Islam, and the details of migration and the period aft, r it until his death. After that the description of Rightly Guide,:l Caliphate was also discussed in its full perspective. 6 The History of Islam In this second volume, starting with the Caliphate of Banu Umayyah, the martydom of Imam Husain�, and the Caliphate of the Abbasids, all areas have been covered as far as the expansion of Islam was. We hope that the readers will find this volume also of great help in the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the events and the names of the persons and places as accurately as possible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. -Amin! Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents Publishers Note ............................................................................................. 5 Chapter-1 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (First Phase) .............................................. 19 Amir Muawiya= 11 <-?)............................................................................. 26 Virtues and Habits............................................. ................................... 29 Important events during Amir Muawiya's Caliphate ..................... 31 Appointment of Officials ..................................................................... 32 Zeyad bin Abi Sufyan = 11 <-?J ............................................................ 33 Invasion of Constantinople .................................................................. 35 Yazid the Heir Apparent... ................................................................... 37 Zeyad bin Abi Sufyan in Kufa............................................................. 41 The death of Zeyad bin Abi Sufyan.................................................... 44 The death of Aisha Lp 11 <-?J ................................................................ 46 The death of Amir Muawiya= 11 <-?) ................................................ 46 A Glance at Amir Muawiya's = 11 <-?)Caliphate ................................... 47 Answer to a doubt........................................................................... 49 Yazid bin.Muawiya.................................... ................................................ 56 Muslim bin Aqil and Hani bin Urwa Murdered .............................. 65 Imam Husain= 11 <-?) Leaves Makkah .............................................. 66 The Disaster at Karbala ........................................................................ 70 8 The History of Islam Water Banned .................................................................................. 74 The Martyrdom of Imam Husain= 11 c.?)......................................... 79 Obaidullah bin Zeyad's Frustration .............................................. 80 The Events in Makkah and Madinah ................................................. 81 Opposition to Yazid's Caliphate ......................................................... 83 The Siege• of Makkah and Yazid's Death ........................................... 87 Conquests During Yazid's Reign ........................................................ 89 Martyrdom of Oqba ........................................................................ 90 A Glance at Yazid's Caliphate .................................................................. 91 Muawiya bin Yazid .................................................................................... 95 Bay'at for Ibn Zeyad in Basra ............................................................... 95 Ibn Zubair's Caliphate in Iraq ............................................................. 96 lbn Zubair's Caliphate in Egypt .......................................................... 97 Marwan bin Hakam ................................................................................... 99 Bay'at for the Caliphate and the Battle of Marj Rahat ...................... 99 The Battle of Tawwabeen (pentients) ............................................... 104 The Battle of Khawarij ........................................................................ 106 The Siege of Qarqisa ........................................................................... 107 Succession of Marwan's sons ............................................................ 107 Death of Marwan bin Hakam ............................................................ 108 Abdullah bin Zubair ................................................................................ 109 Early life and Habits ..................................................................... 109 Important Events of lbn Zubair's Caliphate................................... 111 Mukhtar's Mischief ............................................................................. 112 Mukhtar's claim to Prophethood and Ali's chair ...................... 120 Obaidullah bin Zeyad was killed...................................................... 122 Najdeh bin Amir Captures Yamamah ........................................ 123 Preparation for the Invasion on Kufa ............................................... 123 The Death of Mukhtar and Capture of Kufa ................................... 125 Amr bin Sayeed was killed .......................................................... 127 Mus'ab bin Zubair's Imprudence ..................................................... 129 Abdul Malik's War Preparations ...................................................... 130 The Death of Mus'ab bin Zubair ....................................................... 131 Zafar bin Harith and Abdul Malik ................................................... 134 The News of Mus'ab bin Zubair's Death in Makkah ..................... 135 Abdul Malik and Abdullah bin Zubair (= 11 __,..;,J)........................... 136 Siege of Makkah .................................................................................. 137 Table of Contents 9 Martyrdom of lbn Zubair (-=.;;,1 -..,---"J) ................................................. 140 A Glance at Abdullah lbn Zubair's (-=11 -.,-;,)) Caliphate ..................... 145 Kufa .................................................................................................... 146 Abdul Malik bin Marwan ........................................................................ 148 Important Events of Abdul Malik's Caliphate ................................ 151 The Mischief of the Khawarij ............................................................ 151 Hajjaj and Muhallab Honored........................................................... 158 The Betrayal of the People of Kush city and Huraith bin Qatna .. 159 Muhallab's Death and His Will......................................................... 161 Hajjaj bin Yusuf and Abdur Rahman bin.Mohamrnad.................. 162 The Population of the City of Wasit ................................................. 167 Yazid bin Muhallab Dismissed ......................................................... 167 Musa bin Hazim.................................................................................. 168 The• Beginning of the Islamic Coins .................................................. 170 Succession of Waleed and Sulaiman ................................................ 172 The Death of Abdul Malik bin Marwan .......................................... 172 Summary .............................................................................................. 173 Chapter- 2 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah (Second Phase) .....................................
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