DOCSLIB.ORG

Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism Through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism Through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America Cara L. Snider Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Snider, Cara L., "Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6679. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6679 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America Cara L. Snider Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts & Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Timothy Sweet, Ph.D., Chair John R. Ernest, Ph.D. Cari Carpenter, Ph.D. Michael Germana, Ph.D. Edward J. Blum, Ph.D. Morgantown, WV 2015 Keywords: race reform, postbellum fiction, Mark Twain, Charles Sheldon, Frances Harper, Sutton Griggs Copyright 2015 Cara L. Snider Abstract: Christ in the Margins: Confronting Racism through the (Written) Word in Post-Civil War America Cara L. Snider This dissertation examines fictional texts of the late nineteenth century in order to recover the response of progressive Christian writers facing a growing tide of racial violence, injustice, and segregation in the postbellum decades. By investigating the works of Mark Twain, Charles Sheldon, Frances Harper, and Sutton Griggs, I argue that we gain access to a cadre of writers who sought to translate emerging strains of New Theology into practical means of race reform. They regarded their novels as sermons to the masses and saw writing as a sacred practice of communicating the Word to fellow believers; and their brand of Christian Liberalism was rooted in Incarnational theology, prized the humanity of Christ, insisted on a social gospel, and exhorted others to adopt a self-sacrificial and costly form of discipleship. Throughout the late nineteenth century both white and black ministers turned toward storytelling in the pulpit, and so the era’s prolific writers paralleled this movement by embracing homiletic realism in literature. The resulting narratives were often bestsellers that captivated wide audiences even while exposing the false process of racial categorization, revealing race as a social construct, and depicting tangible acts of social Christianity among disenfranchised and violently oppressed African-American communities. By returning to these narratives, then, we are able to reconstruct the period of race reform in the postbellum years—one that bridges Protestant abolitionist zeal with progressive Civil Rights activism—and we draw closer to a more complex and accurate understanding of America’s racial and theological past. Acknowledgements Take not, oh Lord, our literal sense. Lord, in Thy great Unbroken speech our limping metaphor translate. --C. S. Lewis1 Our lives are built on stories, and scholarship is a form of storytelling that values the past in an effort to make it meaningful to the present. In the course of completing this project I’ve come to value the many family members, friends, mentors, professors, colleagues, and students who have shared my personal and scholarly story. You’ve listened to me talk endlessly about nineteenth-century literature and race (whether you wanted to hear it or not), you asked questions that grounded my argument in significant and detailed ways, and you’ve sustained me with your encouragement when the road seemed far, far too long. The following pages are dedicated to our collective, blessed story. This project is very much a testament to the guidance of Dr. John Ernest, whose courses in nineteenth-century literature and critical race theory exposed me to stories both captivating and horrifying. Our readings and discussions through the years re-oriented my conception of American literature at its core, taught me what kinds of questions to ask, and reinforced the importance of a nuanced understanding of history, race, and theology. Above all, John taught me to truly listen to the voices of the past and to do so with reverence. I am grateful for his close reading of my work, for his generous encouragement throughout this project, and for his commitment to leading by example as a scholar, mentor, professor, and friend. Quite simply I am not the same scholar or person I was before I began working with you, John. Thank you. Also while at West Virginia University, I benefited from the careful and sincere guidance 1 C.S. Lewis, “Footnote to All Prayers.” The Cambridge Companion to C.S. Lewis. Ed. Robert MacSwain and Michael Ward. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 300. iii of Dr. Timothy Sweet whose early American literature courses honed my research and writing ability, who taught me always to keep a skeptical audience in mind (especially when writing about theology), and who rejoiced with me as my project came together. Tim, your feedback on my early drafts and your enthusiasm for my work has been such an encouragement during my time away from WVU. Bring on the hooding! I would like also to thank the other members of my dissertation committee—Dr. Cari Carpenter, Dr. Michael Germana, and Dr. Edward J. Blum—for their careful reading of this project, for the ideas and connections their comments generated, and for the resources they suggested. You’ve have given me much to pursue in the coming year. I’ll be in touch. Other members of the WVU community who were integral the process of this degree and project include professors Gwen Bergner, Tom Sura, and Lisa Weihman; graduate directors Dennis Allen and Adam Komisaruk (thanks for keeping everything on track!); English Department staff members Amanda Tustin, Michelle Marshall, and Mary Vasquez; and my fellow graduate student colleagues, in particular Joel and Emily Christenson, Jake Ivey, Lauren Thompson, Ginny Young, Courtney Novosat, Andrea Bebell, and Kwabena Opoku-Agyemang. To the esteemed Copper Beech crew, David Goldberg and Joe Rizzo: I would never have made it through without our endless political debates, family dinners, and “award” ceremonies. And to Yvonne Swartz, whose moved from colleague status to friend-for-life: I am grateful for your generosity, your family who always welcomes me, and your ability to produce amazing and homemade food while working a hundred hours a week. While dissertating, I spent the last two years away from WVU as a full-time lecturer at Shepherd University, and there my colleagues in the Department of English and Modern Languages quickly became like family. They encouraged me to press on in my writing, supplied iv me with countless cups of coffee and numerous home-baked goods, and lavished me with celebration when I finished. In particular I wish heaping blessings upon Drs. Heidi Hanrahan, Carrie Messenger, Christy Wenger, Jon Elmore, Betty Ellzey, Tim Nixon, Jim Lewin, Mark Cantrell, Chad Loewen-Schmidt, Denis Berenschodt, Rachel Krantz, and Eva-Maria Suárez- Büdenbender. To Dr. Dow Benedict, Shepherd’s Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities: Thanks for always asking, “How’s the diss coming?” I promised you I’d finish! And finally to Brenda Feltner, our department’s resident magician, professional whiz, and house mother: you’re the best! I’ll think of you all every time I look at “Dr. Dog.” As anyone who has completed a doctoral degree knows, it is the friendships along the way that sustain you. I’ve been fortunate to add some wonderful characters to my story over the years, and my cup overflows with their generosity, love, support, laughter, and conversation. My life is regularly shaped by my companions for life—Julie Hasson, Jill Hasson, and Amanda Downin—who remind me not to take myself too seriously, to always “count down” to the good times, to live through the questions into the answers, and to revel in the quiet moments… at least until the next outburst of laughter. Then there are my former college roommates and kindred spirits Stacey Shcolnik, Gina Henker, who are my fellow sojourners through the difficult questions and my adopted sisters for life. So many of our conversations live on in this project. There are also several former professor friends from my undergraduate years who have stayed in touch and who provided me a foundation in literary, theological, and philosophical study: Drs. Don Deardorff, Dave Mills, Kevin Heath, and Jeff Cook. I am indebted, too, to my University of New Hampshire crew—fellow graduate student friends who came into my life when I was a Masters student and (thankfully) never left: Meagan Rodgers, Abby Knoblauch, Nicola Imbrascio, Chrissy Healey, Beth Cooper, Jeff Ringer, Mike Garcia, Mike and Courtney v DePalma, Charmaine Dull, Steve and Beth Simpson, Yassmeen Abdulhamid, and Rachael Berkey. Our years together were something special, indeed. Of course, my family has borne the weight of this project for many years, and I thank them for helping me carry this load, praying me through the struggles, and rejoicing when I rejoiced. To my siblings and their families—Keith, Diana, Brian, Susan, Dave, Nathaniel, Alex, William, Sammy, Ben, and Austin: thank you for loving me in tangible ways and celebrating each milestone along this long journey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Bates Student
    Bates College SCARAB The aB tes Student Archives and Special Collections 5-1897 The aB tes Student - volume 25 number 05 - May 1897 Bates College Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/bates_student Recommended Citation Bates College, "The aB tes Student - volume 25 number 05 - May 1897" (1897). The Bates Student. 1966. http://scarab.bates.edu/bates_student/1966 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Archives and Special Collections at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aB tes Student by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. For Positions to Teach, APPL V TO • • • • TEACHERS' CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION OF NEW ENGLAND, 36 Bromfleld Street, HOSTON, MASS. Rates Students have boon very successful with us. P. B. SPAULDING, Manager. Positions Oiled, 2,178. Bond for Manual. WIG GIN & CO., Apothecaries. PHYSICIANS' PKESCKIPTIOSS OUK SPECIALTY. 213 Lisbon Street, Corner of Pine, LEWISTON, ME. P. S. MARTIN, Finest Grades of Men's, Youths', and HAMMOND Children's IS AT THE FRONT Complete line of with all tin1 Latest Novelties In Gents' Clothing Furnishing A SPECIALTY. CLASS WORK. CALL AND SKI: DIM. Goods, Hals, Caps, ,iinl Mnt'kllltOfll Coals. 172 Lisbon Street, - LEWISTON, ME. 76 Lisbon St., Opp. Music Hall, LEWISTON. IC< Fernaifl's Bookstore, E» Is tllO place In get 149 LISBON ST., LEWISTON, ME. Complete DUBINE8S anil SHORT-HAND Courses. College Text-Books, SENO FOR CATALOGUE. Stationery, Note-Book*, etc., ;ii Lowest Prices. N. E. RANKIN, PRINCIPAL. 29 Lisbon Street, LEWISTON, ME. GENTLEMEN FURNISHERS BTAUGHTTAUGH1 TO DO BY DOING And Dealers in PBnTLHND BOOTS r^-m SHOES.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M crct. rrs it'terrjt onai A Be" 4 Howe1 ir”?r'"a! Cor"ear-, J00 Norte CeeD Road App Artjor mi 4 6 ‘Og ' 346 USA 3 13 761-4’00 600 sC -0600 Order Number 9238197 Selected literary letters of Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, 1842-1853 Hurst, Nancy Luanne Jenkins, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Methodism in Wisconsin :In Fo
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library BX 8248.W8B47 History of Methodism in Wisconsin :in fo 3 1924 008 055 521 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924008055521 Rev. p. S. BENNETT, A M. HISTORY Methodism in Wisconsin. IN KOUR RARXS. REV. P. S. BENNETT, A. ISA. OF WISCONSIN CONFERENCE. PART III BEING WRITTEN BY REV. JAIVIBS IvAWSON, OF WEST WISCONSIN CONFERENCE. " Thou Shalt remember all the way which the Lord thy God hath led thee."—Deut. viii, 2. f/l PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHORS BY CRA-NSTON & STOWK, OINCINNA.TI. 1890. <^^^/0( Copyright, i8go, by P. S. BENNETT and JAMES LAWSON. 21 GENERAL DIVISIONS. Part I. HISTORY OF EPISCOPAL METHODISM IN WISCON- SIN BEFORE THE FORMATION OF THE WIS- CONSIN CONFERENCE, 1832-1848. Part II. HISTORY OF THE WISCONSIN CONFERENCE OP THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL, CHURCH, 1848-1889. Part III. HISTORY OF THE WEST AND NORTHWEST WISCON- SIN CONFERENCES, OF THE METHODIST EPISCO- PAL CHURCH, 1856-1889. Part IV. HISTORY OF OTHER METHODIST BODIES IN WIS- CONSIN, 1842-1889. 1. Primitive Methodist Church. 2. EvANGEi,iCAi< Association (German). 3. German Episcopal Methodists. 4. Scandinavian Methodists. 5. Free Methodists. 6. American Wesi,eyan Methodists. : PREFACE, THIS work was undertaken more from a convic- tion of the need of something like it than a con- sciousness of ability to produce what the subject demands. This conviction, at first feeble, grew upon me until it crystallized into a partially formed conclusion to enter upon the work.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the President, Bowdoin College 1904-1905
    Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons Annual Report of the President Special Collections and Archives 1-1-1905 Report of the President, Bowdoin College 1904-1905 Bowdoin College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/presidents-reports Recommended Citation Bowdoin College, "Report of the President, Bowdoin College 1904-1905" (1905). Annual Report of the President. 14. https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/presidents-reports/14 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections and Archives at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Annual Report of the President by an authorized administrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF BOWDOIN COLLEGE FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR, 1904-190^ TOGETHER WITH THE REPORTS OF THE REGISTRAR, THE LIBRARIAN, AND THE CURATOR OF THE ART COLLECTIONS I9O4 I905 BRUNSWICK, MAINE PRINTED FOR THE COLLEGE, MDCCCCV PRESS OF JOURNAL COMPANY, LEWISTON, ME. — : REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF BOWDOIN COLLEGE. To the Trustees and Overseers of Bowdoin College I have the honor to submit the following report for the academic year 1904-1905: Eev. Edwin Beaman Palmer, D.D., a member of the Overseers since 1878, died Friday, September 2, 1904, in the seventy-first year of his age. Dr. Palmer was born in Belfast, Me., September 25, 1833, and graduated from Bowdoin College in the Class of 1856. He served for one year as Principal of the high and grammar schools in Brunswick. After graduation from Bangor Seminary he was pastor of churches in Newcastle and Lewiston, Me.; Ipswich, Chicopee, and Southbridge, Massachusetts.
    [Show full text]
  • FOR a FUTURE of Peketjiktice
    WDMENS ENCAMPMENT FOR A FUTURE OF PEKEtJIKTICE SUMMER 1983'SENECA ARM/ DEPOTS 1590 WOMEN OF THE H0TINONSIONNE IROaiMS CONFEDERACY GATHER AT SENECA TO DEMAND AN END TO MMR AMONG THE NATIONS X 1800s A&0LITI0NIST5 M4KE SENECA COUNTY A MAJOR STOP ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HITO HARRIET TUBMAW HOUSE NEAR THE PRESENT DAI ARMV DEPOTS EARL/ FEMINISTS HOLD FIRST WDMENS RIQHTS CONVENTION AT SENEGA FALLS ID CALL FOR SUFFRAGE & EQUAL MPTICJMTION IN ALL OTHEP AREAS OF LIFE ' TOD/W URBAN & RURA. WOMEN JOIN TOGETHER IN SENECA G0UNI7 TO CHALLENGE "ME NUCLEAR THREAT TO UFE ITSELF^ WE FOCUS ON THE WEAPONS AT 1UE SENECA ARMY DEPOT TO PREVENT DEPU)yMENT OF NATO MISSILES IN SOUDARITY WITH THE EUPOPE/W PEACE MO^MENT^ RESOURCE HANDBOOK Introduction The idea of a Women's Peace Camp in this country in solidarity with the Peace Camp movement in Europe and the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, in particular, was born at a Conference on Global Feminism and Disarmament on June 11, 1982. The organizing process began with discussions between Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and women in the Upstate Feminist Peace Alliance (NY), to consider siting the camp at the Seneca Army Depot in Romulus, NY. The planning meetings for the Encampment have since grown to include women from Toronto, Ottawa, Rochester, Oswego, Syracuse, Geneva, Ithaca, Albany, New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, and some of the smaller towns in between. Some of the tasks have been organized regionally and others have been done locally. Our planning meetings are open, and we are committed to consensus as our decision making process.
    [Show full text]
  • Prudence Crandall (1803-1890)
    NWHM Exhibit: The History of Women and Education Page 1 of 3 Biographies Prudence Crandall (1803-1890) Prudence Crandall was a remarkable woman who opened one of the first schools for African American girls, despite the ridicule and harassment she faced because of her actions. Prudence Crandall was born in Hopkinton, Rhode Island on September 3, 1803 to a Quaker family. She attended the New England Friends’ Boarding School in Providence, where she was able to study subjects such as arithmetic, Latin and the sciences. Although most women during the early 1800’s did not receive much education, Quakers (or Friends) believed that women should be educated. In October of 1831, Crandall opened a private girl’s academy in Canterbury, Connecticut. She taught the daughters of many of the town’s wealthy families, and the school was ranked as one of the best in the state. Her curriculum was rigorous, as she taught her female students much of the same material being taught at prominent schools for boys. In 1833, Crandall decided to admit an African American student named Sarah Harris, who wanted more education in order to become a teacher for African American children. The white students’ parents were outraged and demanded that Sarah Harris be expelled. Crandall, however, opposed slavery and believed in educating African Americans. She refused to expel the young student and decided instead to open a new school for African American girls. Prudence Crandall’s new school met with much hostility. The four most prominent men in the town of Canterbury arranged a meeting in which they told Crandall that they were intent on destroying her school.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bates Student
    Bates College SCARAB The aB tes Student Archives and Special Collections 9-1903 The aB tes Student - volume 31 number 07 - September 1903 Bates College Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/bates_student Recommended Citation Bates College, "The aB tes Student - volume 31 number 07 - September 1903" (1903). The Bates Student. 1908. http://scarab.bates.edu/bates_student/1908 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Archives and Special Collections at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aB tes Student by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vol. XXXI. SEPTEMBER., No. 7. L BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THK L4RGE8T and best equipped retail drug 8tnre D. P. MOULTON in llii- section. The prescription department espe- cially complete and satisfactory, as Registered Apothecary, our Hies with almost 190,000 on record will testify. 213 Lisbon Street, Corner Pine, - LEWISTON, ME. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. THE GRADUATE SCHOOL offers400elect!veSi under 146 instructors, leading m^ to the degrees of A.M., S.M., Ph.D.. and S.I). One Hundred Fellowships and Scholarships. Harry L Plummer The University Library contains about 600,000 volumes. PHOTO AND ART STUDIO For information and circular* apply to JOIIX II. WEIGHT, LI..I)., DKAN, Journal io UNIVERSITY IIAI.L, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Building LEWISTON, MAINE ELEVATOR SERVICE The EDUCATORS' EXCHANGE of PORTLAND AND BOSTON ATTWOOD * BARROWS, Rarely fails to secure positions for those LEADING capable of filling them. Send for Manual and Register Early. Hatters and Haberdashers. C. WILBUR CARY, Special Prices to Schools and Clubs on anything in out line.
    [Show full text]
  • OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI Religion 302
    OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI Religion 302 Prepared by the Church Educational System Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Salt Lake City, Utah Send comments and corrections, including typographic errors, to CES Editing, 50 E. North Temple Street, Floor 8, Salt Lake City, UT 84150-2772 USA. E-mail: [email protected] Third edition Copyright © 1981, 1982, 2003 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America English approval: 11/02 Table of Contents Preface . v Chapter 16 The God of Israel and the Nations (Isaiah 36–47) . 179 Maps and Charts . viii Chapter 17 The Gathering of Israel and Chapter 1 Solomon: Man of Wisdom, Man of the Coming of the Messiah Foolishness (1 Kings 1–11) . 1 (Isaiah 48–54) . 191 Chapter 2 “Wisdom Is the Principal Thing; Chapter 18 The Last Days and the Millennium Therefore Get Wisdom” (Proverbs, (Isaiah 55–66) . 203 Ecclesiastes) . 13 Chapter 19 Judah’s Return to Wickedness Chapter 3 “Hast Thou Considered My Servant (2 Kings 21–25). 213 Job?” (Job) . 23 Chapter 20 “The Burden of Nineveh” Enrichment A The Divided Kingdoms . 33 (Nahum) . 219 Chapter 4 A Kingdom Divided against Itself Chapter 21 The Day of the Lord’s Wrath (1 Kings 12–16). 41 (Zephaniah) . 223 Enrichment B Prophets and Seers Chapter 22 A Question Is Asked of the Lord in Ancient Times . 53 (Habakkuk) . 227 Chapter 5 Elijah and the Sealing Power of Enrichment G Babylonia and the Conquest the Holy Priesthood of Judah .
    [Show full text]
  • George David Cummins and the Reformed Episcopalians in 1873 Allen C
    Civil War Era Studies Faculty Publications Civil War Era Studies 4-1995 A Sufficiently Republican Church: George David Cummins and the Reformed Episcopalians in 1873 Allen C. Guelzo Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac Part of the History of Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Guelzo, Allen C. "A Sufficiently Republica Church: George David Cummins and the Reformed Episcopalians in 1873." The iF lson Club History Quarterly 69.2 (April 1995) 115-139. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac/8 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Sufficiently Republican Church: George David Cummins and the Reformed Episcopalians in 1873 Abstract In 1873 George David Cummins, the assistant bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Kentucky, rocked the complacency of the Protestant Episcopal Church by resigning his Kentucky episcopate and founding an entirely new Episcopal denomination, the Reformed Episcopal Church. Schismatic movements in American religion are hardly a novelty. Still, Cummins and his movement occupy a peculiar position in both the history of American religion and the cultural history of the Gilded Age. Unlike the wave of church schisms before the Civil War, the Reformed Episcopal schism of 1873 had no clear relation to sectional issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Lds Old Testament Student Manual
    32498_000 Cover 13/16BB.qxd 12-14-2006 14:12 Page 1 OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL: 1 KINGS–MALACHI TESTAMENT OLD OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI • Religion 302 • Third Edition ENGLISH 4 02324 98000 4 32498 OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT MANUAL 1 KINGS–MALACHI Religion 302 Prepared by the Church Educational System Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Salt Lake City, Utah Send comments and corrections, including typographic errors, to CES Editing, 50 E. North Temple Street, Floor 8, Salt Lake City, UT 84150-2772 USA. E-mail: [email protected] Third edition Copyright © 1981, 1982, 2003 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America English approval: 11/02 Table of Contents Preface . v Chapter 16 The God of Israel and the Nations (Isaiah 36–47) . 179 Maps and Charts . viii Chapter 17 The Gathering of Israel and Chapter 1 Solomon: Man of Wisdom, Man of the Coming of the Messiah Foolishness (1 Kings 1–11) . 1 (Isaiah 48–54) . 191 Chapter 2 “Wisdom Is the Principal Thing; Chapter 18 The Last Days and the Millennium Therefore Get Wisdom” (Proverbs, (Isaiah 55–66) . 203 Ecclesiastes) . 13 Chapter 19 Judah’s Return to Wickedness Chapter 3 “Hast Thou Considered My Servant (2 Kings 21–25). 213 Job?” (Job) . 23 Chapter 20 “The Burden of Nineveh” Enrichment A The Divided Kingdoms . 33 (Nahum) . 219 Chapter 4 A Kingdom Divided against Itself Chapter 21 The Day of the Lord’s Wrath (1 Kings 12–16). 41 (Zephaniah) . 223 Enrichment B Prophets and Seers Chapter 22 A Question Is Asked of the Lord in Ancient Times .
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Alumnus, Volume 12, Number 1, October 1930
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine University of Maine Alumni Magazines University of Maine Publications 10-1930 Maine Alumnus, Volume 12, Number 1, October 1930 General Alumni Association, University of Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/alumni_magazines Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation General Alumni Association, University of Maine, "Maine Alumnus, Volume 12, Number 1, October 1930" (1930). University of Maine Alumni Magazines. 481. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/alumni_magazines/481 This publication is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Maine Alumni Magazines by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. University of Maine School of Education Authorized by the Board of Trustees, March 6, 1930 THE School of Education of the University of Maine was or­ ganized prmarily to give professional training to prospective sec­ ondary school teachers, school administiators, and supervisors In addition to offering regular collegiate work leading to baccalaureate and advanced degrees in Education it is equipped to render service to Maine schools in the fields of 1. Teacher Placement 2. Educational Surveys 3. Testing Programs 4. Curricular Problems 5. Organization Programs 6. Building Surveys 7. Financial Consultation May we be of service to you? We shall be glad to help you with your problems Olin S. Lutls, Ph D , Dean The Maine Alumnus Vol. 12,0No. I October, 1930 Registration Is 50 More Than Last Year New Freshman Policies Now In Effects If the comments and optimism heard based upon the fact that a greater pro­ during and following the eighth annual REGISTRATION portion of those admitted were without freshman week are based on facts, then any entrance conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthur Tappan
    ARTHUR TAPPAN Lewis Tappan and Arthur Tappan were descendants of Benjamin Franklin (which is perhaps why their father, and another brother, happened to be named Benjamin Tappan). Arthur received a common-school education and then served a 7- year apprenticeship in the hardware business in Boston, before establishing himself in Portland, Maine, and subsequently in Montreal, Canada, where he would remain until the beginning of the war of 1812. In 1814 he would engage with his brother Lewis in importing British dry-goods into New-York City, and after that partnership was dissolved he successfully continued the business alone. He was known for his public spirit and philanthropy. He was a founder of the American tract society, the largest donor for the erection of its 1st building, and was identified with many charitable and religious bodies. He was a founder of Oberlin College, also erecting Tappan Hall there, and endowed Lane Seminary in Cincinnati, and a professorship at Auburn Theological Seminary. With his brother Lewis he founded the New-York Journal of Commerce in 1828, and established The Emancipator in 1833, paying the salary of the editor and all the expenses of its publication. He was an ardent abolitionist, and as the interest in the anti-slavery cause deepened he formed, at his own rooms, the nucleus of the New-York antislavery society, which was publicly organized under his presidency at Clinton Hall on October 2, 1833. He was also president of the American Anti-Slavery Society, to which for several years he contributed $1,000 per month, but withdrew in 1840 on account of the aggressive spirit that many members manifested toward the churches and the Union.
    [Show full text]