Hotspots of New Species Discovery: New Mite Species Described During 2007 to 2012
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Zootaxa 3663 (1): 001–102 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3663.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:187DB7EF-6C14-4858-867A-A1E15E50ED7E ZOOTAXA 3663 Hotspots of new species discovery: new mite species described during 2007 to 2012 DONG LIU 1, TIAN-CI YI2, YUN XU3 & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG4, 5 1 Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, P. R. China 2 The Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region Guiyang 550025, P. R. China; and Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China 3 Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China 4 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand; 5 Corresponding author; email: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by Owen Seeman: 14 May 2013; published: 22 May 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 DONG LIU, TIAN-CI YI, YUN XU & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG Hotspots of new species discovery: new mite species described during 2007 to 2012 (Zootaxa 3663) 102 pp.; 30 cm. 22 May 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-180-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-181-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3663 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 4 Methods . 4 Abbreviations of zoological collections . 4 Results & Discussion . 7 General patterns . 7 The numbers of papers and new species . 7 Taxonomic distribution of new species . 8 Geographic distribution of new species. 16 List of type localities and depositories of new species in SAA 2007–2012 . 18 Superorder Parasitiformes (6 species) . 18 Order Mesostigmata (6 species) . 18 Suborder Monogynaspida (3 species) . 18 Suborder Trigynaspida (3 species) . 18 Superorder Acariformes (110 species) . 18 Order Trombidiformes (79 species). 18 Suborder Prostigmata (79 species) . 18 Order Sarcoptiformes (31 species) . 23 Suborder Oribatida (31 species) . 23 List of type localities and depositories of new species in Zootaxa 2007–2012 . 25 Superorder Parasitiformes (272 species) . 25 Order Opilioacarida (9 species). 25 Order Mesostigmata (263 species) . 25 Suborder Trigynaspida (36 species) . 25 Suborder Monogynaspida (229 species) . 27 Superorder Acariformes (991 species) . 37 Order Trombidiformes (713 species). 37 Suborder Prostigmata (713 species) . 37 Order Sarcoptiformes (278 species) . 68 Suborder Oribatida (278 species) . 68 Acknowledgements . 82 References . 82 Index . 99 Abstract The type localities of new mite species described in two journals (Systematic & Applied Acarology and Zootaxa) during the last six years (2007–2012) were surveyed to detect hotspots of new mite species discovery. Among the 642 papers examined, 71% of them contain new species, with 148 new species in 2007, 207 in 2008, 234 in 2009, 208 in 2010, 333 in 2011 and 249 in 2012. Systematic & Applied Acarology published about 3% of the total new species indexed by Zoological Record during 2007–2012, whereas Zootaxa published about 35% of the total. The 1379 new species are distributed unevenly among 150 mite families; the top 15 families accounted for 55% of all the species, and 86 of the 150 families have 1–3 species each. The top family is the Eriophyidae, which alone accounted for nearly 15% of the total new species. Geographically, the new species were described from 92 countries and their distribution among these countries is highly uneven. The top 10 countries accounted for 62% of all the new species and the top country, China, alone accounted for 18% of the total. The average number of new species per country is 15 and no more than a fifth of the countries are above the average, and 40% of the countries have only 1–3 new species each. The top country for each continent is China (248 species) for Asia, Australia (166 species) for Oceania, Brazil (76 species) for South America, Kenya (51 species) for Africa, USA (51 species) for North America and Russia (42 species) for Europe. Increased efforts in discovering and describing new species are much needed for biodiversity-rich countries in South America, Southeast Asia and Africa. Key words: Acari, new species, biodiversity, hotspots, taxonomy, mites, type locality, type depository HOTSPOTS OF NEW MITE SPECIES DISCOVERY Zootaxa 3663 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 3 Introduction Over 1.5 million species of animals have been described and every year some 15,000 or more species are named (Zhang 2011a, c, e). Species are unevenly distributed in the world and the 17 megadiverse countries have far more species than others (Mittermeier 1988). Where are new species discovered and described? In this paper, we answer this question for recent years by surveying new mite species described in the last six years. We selected the Acari because it is a very diverse group in the Phylum Arthropoda, now with over 55,000 described species (Zhang 2011d). Another objective of this paper is to provide a list of new species of mites published in Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology and make the information on the type locality and deposition available online for open access to ensure wide dissemination as recommended by ICZN (1999). This contribution follows a series of other editorials with the same purpose to expose new species to a wider readership (Zhang 2006; Fan 2006; Zhao 2007; Xue & Zhang 2008, Xu et al. 2013). Methods To detect hot spots of new mite species discovery in recent years, we surveyed type localities of new species described in the last six years (2007–2012). We sampled papers published in two international journals during this period. One is Systematic & Applied Acarology (SAA)—an average-sized journal specialized in acarology, with most papers on taxonomy (Zhang 2005). Another is Zootaxa—the world’s largest journal in taxonomy, describing about 20% of all animal taxa indexed in the Zoological Record in 2010, of which 5% were mites (Zhang 2011a). These two journals are selected because they have excellent historical data on the number of new species (Zhang 2005, 2011a; Fan 2006; Xue & Zhang 2008) and are both easily accessible and familiar to the authors. The classification systems used for the list of new species follow the most recent ones in Beaulieu et al. (2011), Schatz et al. (2011), Walter et al. (2011), Zhang (2011d) and Zhang et al. (2011). For each new species listed, we provide genus and species name, authority and year, the page on which the new species was first described, the depository of the primary type specimen and also the type locality (geographic coordinates given if these are provided in.