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Echoes of Legend: Magic As the Bridge Between a Pagan Past And
Winthrop University Digital Commons @ Winthrop University Graduate Theses The Graduate School 5-2018 Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur Josh Mangle Winthrop University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/graduatetheses Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Mangle, Josh, "Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur" (2018). Graduate Theses. 84. https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/graduatetheses/84 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ECHOES OF LEGEND: MAGIC AS THE BRIDGE BETWEEN A PAGAN PAST AND A CHRISTIAN FUTURE IN SIR THOMAS MALORY’S LE MORTE DARTHUR A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of the College of Arts and Sciences In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Of Master of Arts In English Winthrop University May 2018 By Josh Mangle ii Abstract Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur is a text that tells the story of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Malory wrote this tale by synthesizing various Arthurian sources, the most important of which being the Post-Vulgate cycle. Malory’s work features a division between the Christian realm of Camelot and the pagan forces trying to destroy it. -
Summary of the Perlesvaus Or the High History of the Grail (Probably First Decade of 13Th Century, Certainly Before 1225, Author Unknown)
Summary of the Perlesvaus or The High History of the Grail (probably first decade of 13th century, certainly before 1225, author unknown). Survives in 3 manuscripts, 2 partial copies, and one early print edition Percival starts out as the young adventurous knight who did not fulfill his destiny of achieving the Holy Grail because he failed to ask the Fisher King the question that would heal him, events related in Chrétien's work. The author soon digresses into the adventures of knights like Lancelot and Gawain, many of which have no analogue in other Arthurian literature. Often events and depictions of characters in the Perlesvaus differ greatly from other versions of the story. For instance, while later literature depicts Loholt as a good knight and illegitimate son of King Arthur, in Perlesvaus he is apparently the legitimate son of Arthur and Guinevere, and he is slain treacherously by Arthur's seneschal Kay, who is elsewhere portrayed as a boor and a braggart but always as Arthur's loyal servant (and often, foster brother. Kay is jealous when Loholt kills a giant, so he murders him to take the credit. This backfires when Loholt's head is sent to Arthur's court in a box that can only be opened by his murderer. Kay is banished, and joins with Arthur's enemies, Brian of the Isles and Meliant. Guinevere expires upon seeing her son dead, which alters Arthur and Lancelot's actions substantially from what is found in later works. Though its plot is frequently at variance with the standard Arthurian outline, Perlesvaus did have an effect on subsequent literature. -
Arthur's Realm 9 by S. William Nesbitt II © 2019 All Rights Reserved
Arthur's Realm 9 by S. William Nesbitt II © 2019 All rights reserved. Revised 02/20/19 Page 1 of 28 characters who do !ot $erceive the coming treachery #!til it is revealed to them. ' f#ll e)am$le of a cha$ter of $lay is fou!d at the e!d of these rules. If you don't know a Pict from a Pendragon, not to worry: Arthur's Realm Knights, Nobles, Ladies, Adventure teaches players the elements of Arthur's tale through play. For a thousand years the tales of King Arthur have been told. Songs sung Players wa!t to score $ersonal goals beca#se achieveme!ts earn by minstrels and bards. Legends inked on parchment by scribes tell of the boons a!d boons ca! be #sed to b#y im$roveme!ts a!d Boy King tutored by Merlin the Magician. The wizard Merlin helps adva!tages. Arthur unite the lands in peace. *oyal $layers ca!!ot score boons #!less there are $rovisions in Arthur marries Queen Guinevere and he gathers a the Kingdom. legendary group of men sit at his Round Table. Sir Gawain, Sir Kay, Percival, Bors, Galahad, Tristan, Sir Lancelot and more. The Knights of the Round Table are the deadliest and most valiant Winning the Game warriors the world has ever known. %o win the game" the *oyals m#st achieve one of two goals: Many of these knights make brides and lovers of fair and wonder ladies. • ring the ,rail to -amelot. Some of the most intrepid leave to quest for the Holy Grail. -
A New Fantasy of Crusade : Sarras in the Vulgate Cycle. Christopher Michael Herde University of Louisville
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2019 A new fantasy of crusade : Sarras in the vulgate cycle. Christopher Michael Herde University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Herde, Christopher Michael, "A new fantasy of crusade : Sarras in the vulgate cycle." (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3226. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3226 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A NEW FANTASY OF CRUSADE: SARRAS IN THE VULGATE CYCLE By Christopher Michael Herde B.A., University of Louisville, 2016 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2019 Copyright 2019 by Christopher Michael Herde All Rights Reserved A NEW FANTASY OF CRUSADE: SARRAS IN THE VUGLATE CYCLE By Christopher Michael Herde B.A., University of -
Religion and Religious Symbolism in the Tale of the Grail by Three Authors
Faculty of Arts English and German Philology and Translation & Interpretation COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM IN THE TALE OF THE GRAIL BY THREE AUTHORS by ASIER LANCHO DIEGO DEGREE IN ENGLISH STUDIES TUTOR: CRISTINA JARILLOT RODAL JUNE 2017 ABSTRACT: The myth of the Grail has long been recognised as the cornerstone of Arthurian literature. Many studies have been conducted on the subject of Christian symbolism in the major Grail romances. However, the aim of the present paper is to prove that the 15th-century “Tale of the Sangrail”, found in Le Morte d’Arthur, by Thomas Malory, presents a greater degree of Christian coloration than 12th-century Chrétien de Troyes’ Perceval and Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival. In order to evaluate this claim, the origin and function of the main elements at the Grail Ceremony were compared in the first place. Secondly, the main characters’ roles were examined to determine variations concerning religious beliefs and overall character development. The findings demonstrated that the main elements at the Grail Ceremony in Thomas Malory’s “The Tale of the Sangrail” are more closely linked to Christian motifs and that Perceval’s psychological development in the same work conflicts with that of a stereotypical Bildungsroman, in contrast with the previous 12th-century versions of the tale. Keywords: The Tale of the Grail, Grail Ceremony, Holy Grail, Christian symbolism INDEX 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... -
The Theme of the Magical Weapon 1. Excalibur
The Theme of the Magical Weapon Below, you will find three stories or portions of stories from different myths, movies, and legends. All three are tales about a magical sword or a wand. They all have similarities and differences. Focus on the similarities. Use the chart below to compare these items to one another. 1. Excalibur Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur, sometimes attributed with magical powers or associated with the rightful sovereignty of Great Britain. Sometimes Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone (the proof of Arthur's lineage) are said to be the same weapon, but in most versions they are considered separate. The sword was associated with the Arthurian legend very early; in Welsh, the sword was called Caledfwlch. Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone In surviving accounts of Arthur, there are two originally separate legends about the sword's origin. The first is the "Sword in the Stone" legend, originally appearing in Robert de Boron's poem Merlin, in which Excalibur can only be drawn from the stone by Arthur, the rightful king. The second comes from the later Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, which was taken up by Sir Thomas Malory. Here, Arthur receives Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake after breaking his first sword, called Caliburn, in a fight with King Pellinore. The Lady of the Lake calls the sword "Excalibur, that is as to say as Cut-steel," and Arthur takes it from a hand rising out of the lake. As Arthur lay dying, he tells a reluctant Sir Bedivere (Sir Griflet in some versions) to return the sword to the lake by throwing it into the water. -
The Symbolism of the Holy Grail
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1962 The symbolism of the Holy Grail : a comparative analysis of the Grail in Perceval ou Le Conte del Graal by Chretien de Troyes and Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach Karin Elizabeth Nordenhaug Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Nordenhaug, Karin Elizabeth, "The symbolism of the Holy Grail : a comparative analysis of the Grail in Perceval ou Le Conte del Graal by Chretien de Troyes and Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach" (1962). Honors Theses. 1077. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1077 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES ~lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll3 3082 01028 5079 r THE SYMBOLISM OF THE HOLY GRAIL A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GRAIL In PERCEVAL ou LE CONTE del GRAAL by CHRETIEN de TROYES and PARZIVAL by WOLFRAM von ESCHENBACH by Karin Elizabeth Nordenhaug A Thesis prepared for Professor Wright In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Honors Program And in candidacy for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Westhampton College University of Richmond, Va. May 1962 P R E F A C E If I may venture to make a bold comparison, I have often felt like Sir Perceval while writing this thesis. Like. him, I set out on a quest for the Holy Grail. -
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Stephen Colbourn
Intermediate Level Points for Understanding Answer Key King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Stephen Colbourn 1 1 Uther’s army sat outside the castle and waited for the defenders to run out of food. 2 Merlin changed the shape of Uther, so that Uther looked like Gorlois. 2 Arthur’s parents were Uther and Igraine. But Uther promised to give his baby to Merlin, so Merlin took the baby, Arthur, to live with Sir Ector. 2 Arthur became King of England by drawing the sword from the stone. 3 The Sword of Right was a symbol that Arthur was king. The Sword of Might was a battle sword. 2 Arthur knew that he must return the sword when he saw the lake again. 4 Lancelot is the Champion Knight of Camelot because he is the bravest knight who fights on behalf of King Arthur. 2 Merlin and Nimuë spoke to each other by magic or telepathy. 5 Nimuë and Morgana wanted Merlin’s magic powers. 2 Merlin means that Arthur must rule by himself and not rely on Merlin’s magic or prophesies. 6 a The Green Knight challenges the Knights of the Round Table to strike him with his own axe. b Sir Gawain makes a bargain with the Green Knight. Gawain agrees to strike at the Green Knight first. Then after one year, go the castle of the Green Knight where he will strike at Gawain. This is a terrible bargain as the Green Knight does not die. c The Green Knights’ lady gives Gawain a small green ribbon. -
Britanniae (12Th-15Th C.)
Royal adultery and illegitimacy: moral and political issues raised by the story of Utherpandragon and Ygerne in the French rewritings of the Historia Regum Britanniae (12th-15th c.) Irène Fabry-Tehranchi British Library In the widely spread Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth (1138),1 which survives in about 200 manuscripts, Merlin's magic helps King Utherpandragon to fulfill his love for the duchess of Tintagel, by giving him the duke's appearance. Ygerne is deceived, but this union eventually leads to the conception of Arthur. The episode has been discussed in relation with its sources: according to E. Faral, the story could be inspired by the love of Jupiter, who with the help of Mercury takes the shape of Amphitryon to deceive his wife Alcmene, who gives birth to Hercules.2 For L. Mathey-Maille, the story of the conception of Arthur could come from a legendary or folkloric source from Celtic origins with a later moralising addition of a biblical reference.3 The passage has also been analysed through mythical structures like the three Dumezilian indo-european functions which involve fertility, war and religion. J. Grisward has shown that in order to lie with Ygerne, Uther successively offers her gold and jewelry, engages in military conflict, and eventually resorts to magic.4 Politically, because of Merlin's essential participation and privileged connection with the supernatural, Uther cannot assume alone a full sovereignty, but he needs Merlin's assistance.5 The change brought by the author of the prose Merlin to the story of Arthur's conception makes it fit even better with the myth of the hero's birth examined by O. -
FLLG 440.02: the Grail Quest - Studies in Comparative Literature Paul A
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Syllabi Course Syllabi Fall 9-1-2003 FLLG 440.02: The Grail Quest - Studies in Comparative Literature Paul A. Dietrich University of Montana - Missoula, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi Recommended Citation Dietrich, Paul A., "FLLG 440.02: The Grail Quest - Studies in Comparative Literature" (2003). Syllabi. 9549. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/9549 This Syllabus is brought to you for free and open access by the Course Syllabi at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syllabi by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Grail Quest Studies in Comparative Literature (LS 455.02/ FLLG 440.02/ ENLT 430.02) Paul A Dietrich Fall,2003 Office: LA 101 A TR 2:10-3:30 Phone: x2805 LA303 (paul. dietrich@mso. umt. edu) 3 credits Hours: MWF 10-11 & by appointment An introduction to the major medieval English, French, Welsh and German romances ofthe grail. One group focuses on the hero/ knight/ fool who undertakes the quest, e.g., Chretien ofTroyes' Perceval, the Welsh Peredur, the French Perlesvaus, and Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival. A second group emphasizes the object ofthe quest, the grail and other talismans, and contextualizes the quest within universal history, or the wider Arthurian world; e.g., Robert de Boron's Joseph ofArimathea, The Quest ofthe Holy Grail, and Malory's Le Mo rte D 'Arthur. -
LLT180L4.Doc 1
LLT180L4.doc 1 We had stopped when we were talking about collecting fumets, not a particularly interesting topic. I don’t think that would be my pastime. We’re trying to make fun. The idea is that questing while it’s an important aspect of being a knight is not supposed to be particularly attractive. He’s questing after these Glatisant. They are on page 23. You should remember Glatisant’s name. One of the things that come up later is that finally the questing beast only stays healthy and alive as long as Pellinore’s questing after him. Otherwise, it fades away and dies. So, to me I can’t help but think of the Peter, Paul and Mary song puff the magic dragon, and how that is the same idea. I think what’s important here is that the quest is almost like a dream. So, unless maybe we nurture our dreams if this is trying to tell us something as we read through this unless we nurture our dreams, unless we nurture our ideals that they fade away and die. So, we have to pay attention to them. You can sit a lot with this and look up vocabulary. Just to prove that I do they describe the questing beast toward the bottom of page 23. They say this beast about maybe 12 lines from the bottom has the head of a serpent and the body of a libbard. What the crud is a libbard? It’s an old spelling variation actually of leopard. It’s a body of a leopard. -
Arthurian Legend
Arthurian Legend Arthurian Legend Characters King Arthur – The son of Uther Pendragon, King Arthur is the king of Britain. In addition to being a great warrior, he is wise and thoughtful ruler. He prefers to find peaceful solutions to problems rather than fighting. Arthur is able to appreciate the viewpoints of other people and this helps him to find other solutions. Merlin – Merlin is a legendary wizard of considerable intelligence and power. Merlin wants the best for the land of Britain but does not want to rule, knowing that a warrior is needed to unite the kingdom. Merlin was an advisor to King Uther Pendragon before advising King Arthur. Merlin was able to use magic to prove that Arthur was the king of the Britains. Later, he was able to communicate with people from another world and provide Arthur with the magical sword, Excalibur. Merlin looks like an old man with a flowing white beard. Queen Guinevere – Guinevere is the wife of King Arthur. Her name means “The White Enchantress” or “The White Ghost”; a name given to her because of her pale white skin. Although she loves King Arthur, she grows to love Sir Lancelot. This betrayal of Arthur eventually leads to quarrels and fights amongst the knights of the round table and eventually ends Camelot. Sir Lancelot – Lancelot is the bravest and most skilled Knight of the Round Table. A talented swordsman and jouster, Lancelot is also Arthur’s greatest friend. When Lancelot falls in love with Guinevere, this leads to civil war and brings about the end of King Arthur’s kingdom.